Publications

glc analysis of thiabendazole residues in citrus fruit.	analysis of thiabendazole (tbz) residues in citrus fruit is performed using a bonded phase, se-54, fused-silica capillary column. the fungicide is extracted with hexane: ethyl acetate (90:10, v/v) at high ph and, after a short cleanup, determined by gas-liquid chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector (npd). recoveries through the method are always higher than 80% and the limit of detection is 0.01 mg/kg. tbz residues are determined in whole fruit, peel, and pulp of "washington navel" o ...	1987	3558699
gas chromatographic determination of fenpropimorph residues in citrus fruit.	a rapid gas chromatographic method for determining fenpropimorph residues in citrus fruit is reported. the fungicide is extracted with hexane after ph adjustment of the fruit homogenate. a short liquid-liquid partitioning process is performed before gas chromatography on an ov-17 column with nitrogen-phosphorus specific detection. the limit of detection of the method was 0.01 mg/kg, based on a 25 g sample. recovery was always higher than 70%. fenpropimorph residues in "washington navel" oranges ...	2016	3771458
residues analysis of post-harvest imidazole fungicides in citrus fruit by hplc and glc.	the determination of imazalil and prochloraz fungicide residues has been carried out by hplc with an uv detector at 204 nm and by glc with an electron capture detector (ecd). in both cases fungicide residues were extracted with hexane/acetone (90:10, v/v) after ph adjustment and purified by a liquid-liquid partitioning process. when hplc was used for prochloraz and imazalil analysis, it was necessary to eliminate the interfering substances with a further clean-up process. this was also required ...	1985	4077370
the clementine bistatic radar experiment.	during the clementine 1 mission, a bistatic radar experiment measured the magnitude and polarization of the radar echo versus bistatic angle, beta, for selected lunar areas. observations of the lunar south pole yield a same-sense polarization enhancement around beta = 0. analysis shows that the observed enhancement is localized to the permanently shadowed regions of the lunar south pole. radar observations of periodically solar-illuminated lunar surfaces, including the north pole, yielded no suc ...	1996	8929403
global elemental maps of the moon: the lunar prospector gamma-ray spectrometer.	lunar prospector gamma-ray spectrometer spectra along with counting rate maps of thorium, potassium, and iron delineate large compositional variations over the lunar surface. thorium and potassium are highly concentrated in and around the nearside western maria and less so in the south pole-aitken basin. counting rate maps of iron gamma-rays show a surface iron distribution that is in general agreement with other measurements from clementine and the lunar prospector neutron detectors.	1998	9727970
lunar fe and ti abundances: comparison of lunar prospector and clementine data	the lunar prospector neutron spectrometer data correlate well with iron and titanium abundances obtained through analysis of clementine spectral reflectance data. with the iron and titanium dependence removed, the neutron spectrometer data also reveal regions with enhanced amounts of gadolinium and samarium, incompatible rare earth elements that are enriched in the final phases of magma crystallization. these regions are found mainly around the ramparts of the imbrium impact basin but not around ...	1998	9727972
functional mr imaging of regional brain responses to pleasant and unpleasant odors.	odors can elicit a range of behaviors and emotions. our purpose was to identify regional activation of the human cerebral cortex in response to pleasant (positive hedonic value) and unpleasant (negative hedonic value) odors.	1998	9802496
clementine churchill hospital, harrow.		2000	10252298
from caribbean to clementine.		2000	10676939
does further clean-up reduce the matrix enhancement effect in gas chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues in food?	sample extracts of apples, peas, green beans, oranges, raspberries, clementines, carrots, and wheat obtained using the food and drug administration (acetone extraction) and canadian pest management regulatory agency (acetonitrile extraction) multiresidue methods for pesticides were subjected to clean-up using different solid-phase extraction (spe) cartridges in an attempt to reduce or eliminate the matrix enhancement effect. the matrix enhancement effect is related to the blocking of active site ...	2000	10677079
effect of gamma-irradiation on phenolic compounds and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity during storage in relation to peel injury from peel of citrus clementina hort. ex. tanaka.	the influence of gamma-irradiation on the content of phenolic compounds was evaluated on moroccan citrus fruits (citrus clementina hort. ex. tanaka) treated at a mean dose of 0.3 kgy and stored for 49 days at 3 degrees c. the results show that irradiation has enhanced the synthesis of total phenolic compounds and is correlated with phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity (pal) during storage. accumulation of phenolic compounds in cells is demonstrated and may be explained by the enhancement of pal ...	2000	10691675
phlorin screening in various citrus species and varieties.	phlorin (3,5-dihydroxyphenyl beta-d-glucopyranoside), an orange peel marker, has been searched in 45 species and varieties of citrus. the phlorin content was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography in juices and aqueous peel extracts of these different fruits. the phlorin content in c. reticulata peel extract varies from 0 to 1012 mg l(-)(1) with a mean of 162 mg l(-)(1). on the contrary, phlorin was not found in mandarin and clementine juices except for mandarin "commune" and "beauty" ...	2000	11052725
incidence and epidemiology of citrus tristeza virus in the valencian community of spain.	the first outbreak of citrus tristeza disease in spain caused by citrus tristeza virus (ctv) was recorded in 1957 in the valencian community (vc). in total c. 40 million trees, mainly of sweet orange and mandarin grafted on sour orange rootstocks, declined due to ctv. large-scale surveys in different municipalities of the vc indicated that the disease spread very fast. incidence increased from 11% in 1989 to 53% in 1998. toxoptera aurantii and aphis spiraecola (inefficient aphid vectors of ctv) ...	2000	11137164
economic thresholds for aphis gossypii (hemiptera: aphididae) on citrus clementina.	different levels of aphis gossypii glover were maintained on clementine trees by means of isolation inside mesh cages. clementine yield loss was correlated with the number of aphids per square meter of canopy, obtaining the corresponding formula. starting from this formula, the economic injury level (eil) was calculated as follows: [218,333c + 11,130.6 vp0k]/[57.08 vp0k - 100c] = eil (aphids/m2), where c = total insecticide cost per hectare, v = fruit price per kilogram, p0 = yield per hectare o ...	2001	11332836
charged-particle telescope experiment on clementine.	the charged-particle telescope (cpt) onboard the clementine spacecraft measured the fluxes of energetic protons emitted in solar energetic particle events. protons in the energy range from 10 to 80 mev were of greatest interest for radiation effects such as total dose and single event upsets. energetic electrons were also of interest for spacecraft charging and their contribution to total dose. the lower-energy cpt electron channels (25-500 kev) were mainly of geophysical interest. while orbitin ...	2007	11539374
the diversification of citrus clementina hort. ex tan., a vegetatively propagated crop species.	clementines, due to their high quality, are one of the most important cultivated citrus mandarins. as in the case of sweet orange and satsuma mandarins, genetic variability within this species is minimal when analyzed by molecular markers, because the existing varieties have not been obtained through hybridization, but through the selection of spontaneous mutations affecting traits of agronomic interest. this would explain, at least in part, the greater diversity for agronomic traits when compar ...	2001	11697922
[two complementary dominant genes controlling apomixis in genus citrus and poncirus].	apomixis is very common in citrus genus and its related genus. two monoembryonic tangerine varieties (c. reticulata blanco) clementine and wilking were used as seed parents to cross with four polyembryonic orange varieties [c. sinensis (l.) osbeck]. both sexual and apomictic progenies were found in each f1 population with different segregation ratios. in a total of 74 wilking progenies, 23 were monoembryonic and 51 polyembryonic and the ratio of sexual and apomictic progenies was about 1:2 teste ...	2001	11725641
lunar polar ice deposits: scientific and utilization objectives of the lunar ice discovery mission proposal.	the clementine mission has revived interest in the possibility that ice exists in shadowed craters near the lunar poles. theoretically, the problem is complex, with several possible sources of water (meteoroid, asteroid, comet impact), several possible loss mechanisms (impact vaporization, sputtering, photoionization), and burial by meteorite impact. opinions of modelers have ranged from no ice to several times 10(16) g of ice in the cold traps. clementine bistatic radar data have been interpret ...	2002	11902177
inheritance of organelle dna sequences in a citrus-poncirus intergeneric cross.	many land plants deviate from the maternal pattern of organelle inheritance. in this study, heterologous mitochondrial and chloroplast probes were used to investigate the inheritance of organelle genomes in the progeny of an intergeneric cross. the seed parent was lb 1-18 (a hybrid of citrus reticulata blanco cv. clementine x c. paradisi macf. cv. duncan) and the pollen parent was the cross-compatible species poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf. all 26 progeny examined exhibited maternal inheritance of ...	2002	12195032
impact of phyllocnistis citrella (lepidoptera: gracillariidae) on leaf area development and yield of mature citrus trees in the mediterranean area.	seasonal population trends and damage to citrus trees by the leafminer phyllocnistis citrella stainton were studied in the valencia area of eastern spain from 1996 to 1999. the area-wide seasonal flushing pattern of citrus trees and leafminer population trends were determined in 10 mature citrus orchards. in the 10 orchards, the annual percentage of new shoots that developed in the spring ranged from 51 to 96% for individual orchards (mean of 80%). phyllocnistis citrella populations damaged new ...	2002	12403423
dry matter accumulation in citrus fruit is not limited by transport capacity of the pedicel.	the vascularization of the pedicel in marisol clementine (citrus clementina hort. ex tanaka) has been characterized in relation to fruit growth. phloem and xylem formation occurred during the first half of the period of fruit growth. phloem cross-sectional area reached its maximum value by the end of fruitlet abscission, 78 d after anthesis (daa), shortly after the rate of accumulation of dry matter in fruitlets reached its maximum value. secondary xylem formation occurred until day 93, well aft ...	2002	12451031
effect of gamma-irradiation combined with washing and waxing treatment on physicochemical properties, vitamin c, and organoleptic quality of citrus clementina hort. ex. tanaka.	to enhance the shelf life of a late variety of moroccan citrus clementina (nour), ionizing treatments were applied at 0.3 kgy, as well as washing (cold water) and waxing treatments. it has been found that, despite the irradiation treatment, the washing and waxing treatment do not improve the quality of c. clementina, but rather result in yellower peels, peel injury, and reductions of vitamin c content, acidity, and soluble solids. however, gamma-irradiation alone enhanced significantly (p <or= 0 ...	2002	12452643
juice components of a new pigmented citrus hybrid citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck x citrus clementina hort. ex tan.	fruit juice of a new pigmented citrus hybrid named omo-31 and those of its parents clementine cv. oroval (citrus clementina hort. ex tan.) and moro orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] were analyzed during fruit maturation to determine juice yield, total soluble solids (tss), total acidity (ta), tss/ta ratio (classical parameters of quality), and potential health beneficial components, such as vitamin c, flavanones, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids. results showed that juice yield, ta, tss, and ...	2003	12617593
improvement of citrus clementina hort. ex tan. microspore-derived embryoid induction and regeneration.	an improvement of the protocol for haploid induction through anther culture of citrus clementina hort. ex tan. cv. nules was achieved following the evaluation of a number of the factors affecting androgenesis. the influence of thidiazuron (tdz) and three temperature pre-treatments (4 degrees c, 25 degrees c, 32 degrees c) on the floral buds with respect to anther culture of c. clementina hort. ex tan., cv. nules was investigated. an increased embryoid production was induced in the medium supplem ...	2003	12879259
identification and genomic distribution of gypsy like retrotransposons in citrus and poncirus.	transposable elements might be importantly involved in citrus genetic instability and genome evolution. the presence of gypsy like retrotransposons, their heterogeneity and genomic distribution in citrus and poncirus, have been investigated. eight clones containing part of the pol coding region of gypsy like retrotransposons have been isolated from a commercial variety of citrus clementina, one of the few sexual species in citrus. four of the eight clones might correspond to active elements give ...	2003	12937896
a survey of genes differentially expressed during long-term heat-induced chilling tolerance in citrus fruit.	long-term storage at low, non-freezing, temperature (1.5 degrees c) induces chilling injury in fruit of fortune mandarin (citrus clementina hort. ex tanaka x citrus reticulata, blanco), manifested as pitting and brown depressed areas that may end up with local cell death. pre-conditioning of fruit for 3 days at 37 degrees c prevented chilling injury. the use of suppression subtractive hybridization permitted the isolation of genes differentially expressed in heat-conditioned fruit exposed to chi ...	2003	13680227
targeted cybridization in citrus: transfer of satsuma cytoplasm to seedy cultivars for potential seedlessness.	cms (cytoplasmic male sterility) can be controlled by the mitochondrion genome in higher plants, including satsuma mandarin. somatic fusion experiments in citrus combining embryogenic callus protoplasts of one parent with leaf protoplasts of a second parent often produce cybrid plants of the leaf parent, a phenomenon occurring most often with interspecific fusion combinations. in an attempt to practically exploit this cybridization phenomenon, we conducted somatic fusion experiments combining em ...	2004	14730385
estimation of the number of aphids carrying citrus tristeza virus that visit adult citrus trees.	aphid species were counted on citrus trees in orchards in valencia, spain, in the spring and autumn of 1997, 1998 and 1999. moericke yellow water traps, the 'sticky shoot' method and counts of established colonies were used in extensive surveys in which 29,502 aphids were recorded and identified. aphis spiraecola and aphis gossypii were the most abundant aphid species. the numbers of aphid species landing on mature trees of grapefruit, sweet orange, lemon and clementine and satsuma mandarins, we ...	2004	15036840
dehydrin from citrus, which confers in vitro dehydration and freezing protection activity, is constitutive and highly expressed in the flavedo of fruit but responsive to cold and water stress in leaves.	a cdna encoding a dehydrin was isolated from the flavedo of the chilling-sensitive fortune mandarin fruit (citrus clementina hort. ex tanaka x citrus reticulata blanco) and designed as crcor15. the predicted crcor15 protein is a k2s member of a closely related dehydrin family from citrus, since it contains two tandem repeats of the unusual citrus k-segment and one s-segment (serine cluster) at an unusual c-terminal position. crcor15 mrna is consistently and highly expressed in the flavedo during ...	2004	15053535
efficacy assessment of candida oleophila (strain o) and pichia anomala (strain k) against major postharvest diseases of citrus fruits in morocco.	two yeasts, candida oleophila (strain o) and pichia anomala (strain k), were previously selected for their antagonistic activity against postharvest diseases on apples and pears. the objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of both antagonistic yeast's against wound postharvest pathogens of citrus fruits. the efficacy of both strains (applied at 10(5), 10(6) and 10(8) cfu/ml) was assessed against penicillium digitatum and p. italicum inoculated after one hour (at a concentration of 1 ...	2004	15756846
varietal and interspecific influence on micronutrient contents in citrus from the mediterranean area.	to specify the genotypic variation of mediterranean citrus juices, the contents of carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamin c were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. a selection of orange varieties and mandarin species from the mediterranean area (citrus sinensis, citrus deliciosa ten, and citrus clementina hort. ex tan) was evaluated using carotenoid profiles and flavanones contents. among the eight varieties of orange (salustiana, hamlin, shamouti, pera, valencia, maltaise, sang ...	2005	15769147
planetary science: constant illumination at the lunar north pole.	images returned by the spacecraft clementine have been used to produce a quantitative illumination map of the north pole of the moon, revealing the percentage of time that points on the surface are illuminated during the lunar day. we have used this map to identify areas that are constantly illuminated during a lunar day in summer and which may therefore be in permanent sunlight. all are located on the northern rim of peary crater, close to the north pole. permanently sunlit areas represent prim ...	2005	15829952
development of a citrus genome-wide est collection and cdna microarray as resources for genomic studies.	a functional genomics project has been initiated to approach the molecular characterization of the main biological and agronomical traits of citrus. as a key part of this project, a citrus est collection has been generated from 25 cdna libraries covering different tissues, developmental stages and stress conditions. the collection includes a total of 22,635 high-quality ests, grouped in 11,836 putative unigenes, which represent at least one third of the estimated number of genes in the citrus ge ...	2005	15830128
w.w.w. moon? the why, what and when of a permanent manned lunar colony.	several reasons for going back to the moon are listed: scientific study of our natural satellite, earth and in general the solar system; exploitation of the resources of outer space; geopolitical considerations that made apollo possible and are still valid in the long term; advancement of manned spaceflight, as robot-based exploration is time-wise inefficient and politically negligible. technological, organisational and legal challenges are then outlined. after a discussion of human physiology, ...	2005	15852541
persistence of fenitrothion in oranges and clementines after treatment with emulsifiable concentrate and microencapsulate formulations.	the rate of decline of fenitrothion residues was investigated in oranges and clementines after treatment with two different kinds of commercial formulations: emulsifiable concentrate (afidina m) and microencapsulate (fenitrocap and ipm 400). the study was performed on the fruit and leaves over 131 and 161 days for oranges, and over 78 and 86 days for clementines, respectively. in fruit, the experimental data showed a similar behaviour of the active ingredient for both kinds of commercial formula ...	2005	15895610
effects of nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions on leaf volatile compounds from citrus somatic diploid hybrids.	three diploid citrus somatic hybrids (cybrids) were produced by fusions combining nucellar callus-derived protoplasts of willow leaf mandarin (citrus deliciosa ten.) and commune clementine (citrus clementina hort. ex tan.) with, respectively, leaf protoplasts of eureka lemon [citrus limon (l.) burm.] and marumi kumquat [fortunella japonica (thunb.) swing.] and leaf protoplasts of marumi kumquat. ploidy and origins of the nuclear, chloroplastic, and mitochondrial genomes were investigated by flow ...	2005	15913319
endogenous free polyamines and their role in fruit set of low and high parthenocarpic ability citrus cultivars.	endogenous free polyamines (pas), putrescine, spermidine and spermine, from developing fruitlets of citrus species (citrus unshiu marc. and citrus clementina hort ex tanaka) which differ in their parthenocarpic ability, and from uniflowered leafy and leafless inflorescences differing in their ability to set, have been determined by dansylation and separation of dansyl derivatives by hplc. no significant differences in pas content were observed between species or between leafy and leafless inflor ...	2005	16146310
determination of carbosulfan and its metabolites in oranges by liquid chromatography ion-trap triple-stage mass spectrometry.	liquid chromatography ion-trap mass spectrometry lc-msn has been successfully applied to identify and confirm carbosulfan and seven of its metabolites in oranges after pressurized liquid extraction (ple) with dichloromethane. mass spectra of carbosulfan and its metabolites were investigated using multiple stages of mass spectrometry. although interpretation of the fragmentation pathways, based on mass spectra, enables structural elucidation and identification of these compounds, the proposed fra ...	2006	16472538
development of a biological control method against postharvest diseases of citrus fruits.	candida oleophila strain o was previously selected for its high and reliable antagonistic activity against botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum, two important wound pathogens on post-harvest apples. the application of these antagonistic strains on wound pathogens of citrus was more recently undertaken. the efficacy of yeast (applied at several concentrations from 10(5) to 10(8) cfu/ml) was assessed against p. digitatum and p. italicum inoculated after one hours (at a concentration of 10(5), ...	2005	16637158
responses of citrus plants to ozone: leaf biochemistry, antioxidant mechanisms and lipid peroxidation.	the effects of ozone upon 3-year-old trees of clementina mandarin (citrus clementina hort. ex tan.) cv. marisol exposed for 12 months to ambient (10 nl l(-1)) and high (30 and 65 nl l(-1)) concentrations in open top chambers (otcs) were investigated. the data showed that in leaves, ozone reduced total chlorophylls, carotenoid and carbohydrate concentration, and increased 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) content and ethylene production. in treated plants, the ascorbate leaf pool was de ...	2006	16644230
gibberellins and parthenocarpic ability in developing ovaries of seedless mandarins.	satsuma (citrus unshiu [mak] marc.) and clementine (citrus reticulata [hort.] ex. tanaka, cv oroval) are two species of seedless mandarins differing in their tendency to develop parthenocarpic fruits. satsuma is a male-sterile cultivar that shows a high degree of natural parthenocarpy and a high fruit set. seedless clementine varieties are self-incompatible, and in the absence of cross-pollination show a very low ability to set fruit. the gibberellins (gas) ga53, putative 17-oh-ga(53), ga(44), g ...	1992	16669076
regulation of color break in citrus fruits. changes in pigment profiling and gene expression induced by gibberellins and nitrate, two ripening retardants.	citrus clementina fruits were repeatedly treated on-tree from mature green until breaker stages with either nitrate or gibberellin, two retardants of external ripening. the natural color break was characterized by a reduction in chlorophyll concentration, a decrease in beta,epsilon-carotenoids, beta-carotene, neoxanthin, and all-e-violaxanthin, and an increase in beta,beta-xanthophylls [mainly (9z)-violaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin]. the two retardants delayed both chlorophyll depletion and to ...	2006	16787044
residues of the quinone outside inhibitor fungicide trifloxystrobin after postharvest dip treatments to control penicillium spp. on citrus fruit.	the effectiveness of postharvest dip treatment with trifloxystrobin (tfx) or imazalil (imz) was compared for controlling green and blue mold (caused by penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum, respectively) of citrus fruit. residues retained by fruit were determined as a function of treatment time, dip temperature, and storage conditions. trials on 'avana apireno' mandarin oranges artificially inoculated with p. digitatum or p. italicum revealed that treatments with 200 to 600 mg/liter ac ...	2006	16865899
global analysis of gene expression during development and ripening of citrus fruit flesh. a proposed mechanism for citric acid utilization.	microarrays of cdna have been used to examine expression changes of 7000 genes during development and ripening of the fruit flesh of self-incompatible citrus clementina, a non-climateric species. the data indicated that 2243 putative unigenes showed significant expression changes. functional classification revealed that genes encoding for regulatory proteins were significantly overrepresented in the up-regulated gene clusters. the transcriptomic study together with the analyses of selected metab ...	2006	16897468
pulsed electric fields versus thermal treatment: equivalent processes to obtain equally acceptable citrus juices.	pulsed electric field treatment has been claimed to produce more acceptable chilled citrus juices than those obtained by conventional thermal treatment. the pectin methylesterase activity and the acceptability of nine juices obtained from clementine mandarins, valencia oranges, and ortanique fruits (hybrid of mandarin and orange), untreated, pasteurized (85 degrees c for 10 s), and treated by pulsed electric fields (25 kv/cm for 330 micros), were evaluated. the treatments, selected to reach a si ...	2006	16924935
intervention thresholds for aphis spiraecola (hemiptera: aphididae) on citrus clementina.	the production of clementine fruit was affected by varying densities of aphis spiraecola patch (hemiptera: aphididae) maintained on four groups of clementine, citrus clementina hort. ex tan., trees individually isolated in mesh cages. a formula relating the number of aphids per square meter of canopy per group of trees to yield loss in that group of trees was obtained, permitting us to calculate the economic injury levels (eils) and economic thresholds (ets) for treatment against a. spiraecola, ...	2006	16937682
approaches for sampling the twospotted spider mite (acari: tetranychidae) on clementines in spain.	tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae) is an important pest of clementine mandarins, citrus reticulata blanco, in spain. as a first step toward the development of an integrated crop management program for clementines, dispersion patterns of t. urticae females were determined for different types of leaves and fruit. the study was carried out between 2001 and 2003 in different commercial clementine orchards in the provinces of castelló and tarragona (northeastern spain). we found that sym ...	2006	16937708
analysis of 13000 unique citrus clusters associated with fruit quality, production and salinity tolerance.	improvement of citrus, the most economically important fruit crop in the world, is extremely slow and inherently costly because of the long-term nature of tree breeding and an unusual combination of reproductive characteristics. aside from disease resistance, major commercial traits in citrus are improved fruit quality, higher yield and tolerance to environmental stresses, especially salinity.	2007	17254327
induced parthenogenesis in mandarin for haploid production: induction procedures and genetic analysis of plantlets.	this study focused on haploid induction in mandarin through in situ gynogenesis by pollination with irradiated pollen of 'meyer' lemon. pollination was carried out for three genotypes of mandarin with four levels of gamma-ray-irradiated pollen (150, 300, 600, and 900 gy). the resulting seeds were characterised by a small size. embryos were rescued in vitro and the ploidy level of the plantlets was determined by flow cytometry analysis. haploid, diploid, triploid plantlets were obtained. the hapl ...	2007	17318461
molecular characterization of cevd strains that induce different phenotypes in gynura aurantiaca: structure-pathogenicity relationships.	two citrus exocortis viroid isolates (cevd-s and cevd-129) that induce severe and mild symptoms in gynura aurantiaca, respectively, have been characterized. they present nucleotide sequences in the pathogenicity motifs p(l), c and p(r) similar to those of "class a" and "class b". infectivity and symptom expression in g. aurantica and tomato were evaluated with a selection of sequence variants recovered from both isolates. as expected, the two variants selected from cevd-s induced severe symptoms ...	2007	17393070
thermal degradation of antioxidant micronutrients in citrus juice: kinetics and newly formed compounds.	the thermal degradation kinetics of vitamin c, two carotenoids (beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin), and hesperidin, as a function of temperature, were determined for citrus juice [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck and citrus clementina hort. ex tan]. the influence of dissolved oxygen on the rate of ascorbic acid degradation was also assessed. analysis of kinetic data suggested a first-order reaction for the degradation of vitamin c and carotenoids. the kinetics parameters dtheta, z, and ea have bee ...	2007	17451252
class prediction of closely related plant varieties using gene expression profiling.	in recent years, class prediction experiments have been largely developed in cancer research with the aim of classifying unknown samples by examining their expression signature. in natural populations, a significant component of gene expression variability is also heritable. citrus species are an ideal model to accomplish the study of these questions in plants, due to the existence of varieties derived from somatic mutations that are likely to differ from each other by one or a few point mutatio ...	2007	17452756
effect of temperature on development and survival of the parasitoid pnigalio pectinicornis (hymenoptera: eulophidae) reared on phyllocnistis citrella (lepidoptera: gracillariidae).	laboratory studies were conducted to assess the effect of temperature on the development and survival of the indigenous parasitoid pnigalio pectinicornis l. on the citrus leaf miner phyllocnistis citrella stainton as host, fed on leaves of citrus sinensis l. osbck cultivar washington navel and citrus reticulata blanco cultivar clementine. experiments were conducted at five constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 32.5 degrees c, with 60 +/- 10% rh and a photoperiod of 14:10 (l:d) h. the relation ...	2007	17540056
the clementine mission to the moon: scientific overview.	in the course of 71 days in lunar orbit, from 19 february to 3 may 1994, the clementine spacecraft acquired just under two million digital images of the moon at visible and infrared wavelengths. these data are enabling the global mapping of the rock types of the lunar crust and the first detailed investigation of the geology of the lunar polar regions and the lunar far side. in addition, laser-ranging measurements provided the first view of the global topographic figure of the moon. the topograp ...	1994	17737076
the shape and internal structure of the moon from the clementine mission.	global topographic and gravitational field models derived from data collected by the clementine spacecraft reveal a new picture of the shape and internal structure of the moon. the moon exhibits a 16-kilometer range of elevation, with the greatest topographic excursions occurring on the far side. lunar highlands are in a state of near-isostatic compensation, whereas impact basins display a wide range of compensation states that do not correlate simply with basin size or age. a global crustal thi ...	1994	17737077
a sharper view of impact craters from clementine data.	the ultraviolet-visible camera on the clementine spacecraft obtained high-spatial resolution images of the moon in five spectral channels. impact craters mapped with these multispectral images show a scale of lithologic diversity that varies with crater size and target stratigraphy. prominent lithologic variations (feldspathic versus basaltic) occur within the south wall of copernicus (93 kilometers in diameter) on the scale of 1 to 2 kilometers. lithologic diversity at tycho (85 kilometers in d ...	1994	17737078
ancient multiring basins on the moon revealed by clementine laser altimetry.	analysis of laser altimetry data from clementine has confirmed and extended our knowledge of nearly obliterated multiring basins on the moon. these basins were formed during the early bombardment phase of lunar history, have been filled to varying degrees by mare lavas and regional ejecta blankets, and have been degraded by the superposition of large impact craters. the mendel-rydberg basin, a degraded three-ring feature over 600 kilometers in diameter on the lunar western limb, is about 6 kilom ...	1994	17737079
the south pole region of the moon as seen by clementine.	the clementine mission has provided the first comprehensive set of high-resolution images of the south pole region of the moon. within 5 degrees of latitude of the pole, an area of an estimated 30,000 square kilometers remained in shadow during a full lunar rotation and is a promising target for future exploration for ice deposits. the schrödinger basin (320 kilometers in diameter), centered at 75 degrees s, is one of the two youngest, least modified, great multiring impact basins on the moon. a ...	1994	17737080
topographic-compositional units on the moon and the early evolution of the lunar crust.	the distribution of elevations on the moon determined by clementine deviates strongly from a normal distribution, suggesting that several geologic processes have influenced the topography. the hypsograms for the near side and far side of the moon are distinctly different, and these differences correlate with differences in composition as determined by apollo orbital geochemistry, clementine global multispectral imaging, and ground-based spectroscopy. the hypsograms and compositional data indicat ...	1994	17737081
clementine observations of the aristarchus region of the moon.	multispectral and topographic data acquired by the clementine spacecraft provide information on the composition and geologic history of the aristarchus region of the moon. altimetry profiles show the aristarchus plateau dipping about 1 degrees to the north-northwest and rising about 2 kilometers above the surrounding lavas of oceanus procellarum to the south. dark, reddish pyroclastic glass covers the plateau to average depths of 10 to 30 meters, as determined from the estimated excavation depth ...	1994	17737082
a debut for star wars' darling, clementine.		1994	17747650
geophysicists celebrate two satellites, mourn a third.	searching for a common theme in a gathering as diverse as the spring meeting of the american geophysical union (agu) in baltimore last month might seem futile. but satellites, both natural and artificial, provided some of the meeting's high points. researchers reported on the first science results from the clementine spacecraft's 2-month sojourn orbiting the moon, the revealing color of the small moon that accompanies the asteroid lda, and the planned termination of the magellan spacecraft orbit ...	1994	17839901
abundance and distribution of iron on the moon.	the abundance and distribution of iron on the moon is derived from a near-global data set from clementine. the determined iron content of the lunar highlands crust ( approximately 3 percent iron by weight) supports the hypothesis that much of the lunar crust was derived from a magma ocean. the iron content of lower crustal material exposed by the south pole-aitken impact basin on the lunar farside is higher ( approximately 7 to 8 percent by weight) and consistent with a basaltic composition. thi ...	1995	17840628
production of transgenic adult plants from clementine mandarin by enhancing cell competence for transformation and regeneration.	genetic transformation of mature trees is difficult because adult tissues are recalcitrant to agrobacterium tumefaciens infection and transformation and because transgenic mature events are less competent for regeneration. we have shown that reinvigoration allows manipulation of the vegetative phase to increase the potential for transformation and regeneration without loss of competence for flowering and fruiting. to produce transgenic plants from clementine mandarin (citrus clementina hort. ex ...	2008	17938114
[use of morphological and physiological characters, and molecular markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of three clementine cultivars].	originating from a natural crossing between mandarin and sweet orange at the end of the 19(th) century, clementine diversified through the selection of spontaneous mutations. today, it seems almost impossible to distinguish one variety from another. the development of molecular tools for variety identification is thus necessary. three clementine cultivars, representing distinct groups of fruit maturity, were evaluated. identification criteria were searched at the phenotypical level (organoleptic ...	2008	18187117
juice quality of two new mandarin-like hybrids (citrus clementina hort. ex tan x citrus sinensis l. osbeck) containing anthocyanins.	tacle and clara [monreal clementine (citrus clementina hort. ex tan) x tarocco orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck)] are two new triploid citrus hybrids developed by the cra-istituto sperimentale per l'agrumicoltura (acireale, italy). the fruits are easy-peeling and juicy, have a pleasant taste like the tarocco orange, and are sweet like the monreal clementine. in addition, a distinctively attractive characteristic of these mandarin-like fruits is the red-pigmented flesh caused by the presence of ...	2008	18298061
ethylene-induced differential gene expression during abscission of citrus leaves.	the main objective of this work was to identify and classify genes involved in the process of leaf abscission in clementina de nules (citrus clementina hort. ex tan.). a 7 k unigene citrus cdna microarray containing 12 k spots was used to characterize the transcriptome of the ethylene-induced abscission process in laminar abscission zone-enriched tissues and the petiole of debladed leaf explants. in these conditions, ethylene induced 100% leaf explant abscission in 72 h while, in air-treated sam ...	2008	18515267
transferability of the est-ssrs developed on nules clementine (citrus clementina hort ex tan) to other citrus species and their effectiveness for genetic mapping.	during the last decade, numerous microsatellite markers were developed for genotyping and to identify closely related plant genotypes. in citrus, previously developed microsatellite markers were arisen from genomic libraries and more often located in non coding dna sequences. to optimize the use of these est-ssrs as genetic markers in genome mapping programs and citrus systematic analysis, we have investigated their polymorphism related to the type (di or trinucleotide) or their position in the ...	2008	18558001
characterization of hemizygous deletions in citrus using array-comparative genomic hybridization and microsynteny comparisons with the poplar genome.	many fruit-tree species, including relevant citrus spp varieties exhibit a reproductive biology that impairs breeding and strongly constrains genetic improvements. in citrus, juvenility increases the generation time while sexual sterility, inbreeding depression and self-incompatibility prevent the production of homozygous cultivars. genomic technology may provide citrus researchers with a new set of tools to address these various restrictions. in this work, we report a valuable genomics-based pr ...	2008	18691431
mandarin juice improves the antioxidant status of hypercholesterolemic children.	oxidative stress has been linked to such degenerative diseases as atherosclerosis, and it has been suggested that increased dietary intake of antioxidants may reduce its progression.	2008	18728533
development of genomic resources for citrus clementina: characterization of three deep-coverage bac libraries and analysis of 46,000 bac end sequences.	citrus species constitute one of the major tree fruit crops of the subtropical regions with great economic importance. however, their peculiar reproductive characteristics, low genetic diversity and the long-term nature of tree breeding mostly impair citrus variety improvement. in woody plants, genomic science holds promise of improvements and in the citrus genera the development of genomic tools may be crucial for further crop improvements. in this work we report the characterization of three b ...	2008	18801166
comparative life-history traits of three phytoseiid mites associated with tetranychus urticae (acari: tetranychidae) colonies in clementine orchards in eastern spain: implications for biological control.	the management of tetranychus urticae, a key pest of clementine trees, is mainly based on the use of acaricides. however, more environmentally safe measures, such as biological control, are being encouraged. life-history traits of the three most abundant phytoseiid mites associated with t. urticae on this crop (euseius stipulatus, phytoseiulus persimilis and neoseiulus californicus) were studied. the experiments were performed under laboratory conditions (25 degrees c, 80 +/- 5% rh and 16:8 h (l ...	2009	18931925
citrus viroid v: occurrence, host range, diagnosis, and identification of new variants.	the recently described citrus viroid v (cvd-v) has been proposed as a new species of the genus apscaviroid within the family pospiviroidae. analysis of 64 samples from different citrus-growing areas has shown that cvd-v is present in the united states, spain, nepal, and the sultanate of oman. cvd-v found in six sweet orange sources from the sultanate of oman was identical to the reference cvd-v variant, whereas three new variants with sequence identities of 98.6% (cvd-vca), 97.3% (cvd-vst), and ...	2008	18943408
interactions between citrus viroids affect symptom expression and field performance of clementine trees grafted on trifoliate orange.	abstract citrus exocortis viroid (cevd), citrus bent leaf viroid (cblvd), a noncachexia variant of hop stunt viroid (hsvd), citrus viroid iii (cvd-iii), and citrus viroid iv (cvd-iv) were co-inoculated as two-, three-, four-, and five-viroid mixtures to clementine trees grafted on trifoliate orange to evaluate their effect on symptom expression, tree growth, and fruit yield. most trees infected with cevd-containing viroid mixtures developed exocortis scaling symptoms, as did cevd alone, whereas ...	2006	18943417
effects of rootstock and flushing on the incidence of three insects on 'clementine de nules' citrus trees.	we evaluated the influence of six different citrus rootstocks on the incidence of the citrus leafminer, phyllocnistis citrella stainton (lepidoptera: gracillariidae), and the aphid species, aphis gossypii glover and a. spiraecola patch (hemiptera: aphididae), on 'clementine de nules' trees (citrus clementina hort. ex tan.). sampling was conducted during 2005 and 2006 in a grove of 3-yr-old trees in southern spain with six rootstocks arranged in a completely randomized block design. incidence (i. ...	2008	19161697
curative and preventive activity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid edible composite coatings containing antifungal food additives to control citrus postharvest green and blue molds.	edible composite coatings based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hpmc), lipid components (beeswax and shellac), and food preservatives with antifungal properties were evaluated in vivo on clementine mandarins cv. clemenules, hybrid mandarins cv. ortanique, and oranges cv. valencia. their curative and preventive activity against citrus postharvest green (gm) and blue molds (bm), caused by penicillium digitatum (pd) or penicillium italicum (pi), respectively, were determined. fruits were artifici ...	2009	19256514
plato and clementine.		1947	19312538
pathotypes and genetic relationship of worldwide collections of elsinoë spp. causing scab diseases of citrus.	two scab diseases are recognized currently on citrus: citrus scab, caused by elsinoë fawcettii, and sweet orange scab, caused by e. australis. because the two species cannot be reliably distinguished by morphological or cultural characteristics, host range and molecular methods must be used to identify isolates. four pathotypes of e. fawcettii and two of e. australis have been described to date based on host range. the host specificity and genetic relationships among 76 isolates from argentina, ...	2009	19453232
intraguild interactions between euseius stipulatus and the candidate biocontrol agents of tetranychus urticae in spanish clementine orchards: phytoseiulus persimilis and neoseiulus californicus.	spanish clementine orchards are frequently infested by the two-spotted spider mte tetranychus urticae. natural control of t. urticae is insufficient despite the presence of neoseiulus californicus and phytoseiulus persimilis. the phytoseiid community is dominated by the generalist euseius stipulatus which is poorly adapted to exploit t. urticae. having the intention to promote biological control of t. urticae by augmentative releases we were interested whether p. persimilis and n. californicus a ...	2010	19517257
histological and molecular analysis of pollen-pistil interaction in clementine.	in contrast to model species, the self-incompatibility reaction in citrus has been poorly studied. it is assumed to be gametophytically determined and genetically controlled by the s-locus, which in other species encodes for glycoproteins (s-rnases) showing ribonuclease activity. to investigate pollen-pistil interaction, the pollen tube growth of two clementine varieties, 'comune' (self-incompatible) and 'monreal' (a 'comune' self-compatible mutation) was analysed by histological assays in self- ...	2009	19636563
physiological and molecular analysis of the maturation process in fruits of clementine mandarin and one of its late-ripening mutants.	peel color is one of the main features affecting citrus quality. clementine is a widespread citrus species with several mutants showing a delay in pigmentation and harvesting. this work characterizes the fruit development and ripening of two clementine clones, 'comune', a widespread variety, and one of its natural mutations, 'tardivo', which differ by a delayed color-break and extended harvest period. morphological, chemical, and molecular analyses were carried out on fruits of both genotypes du ...	2009	19655798
recovery and characterization of a citrus clementina hort. ex tan. 'clemenules' haploid plant selected to establish the reference whole citrus genome sequence.	in recent years, the development of structural genomics has generated a growing interest in obtaining haploid plants. the use of homozygous lines presents a significant advantage for the accomplishment of sequencing projects. commercial citrus species are characterized by high heterozygosity, making it difficult to assemble large genome sequences. thus, the international citrus genomic consortium (icgc) decided to establish a reference whole citrus genome sequence from a homozygous plant. due to ...	2009	19698121
effects of euseius stipulatus on establishment and efficacy in spider mite suppression of neoseiulus californicus and phytoseiulus persimilis in clementine.	the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae, is one of the most problematic phytophagous pests in spanish clementine orchards. the most abundant predatory mites in this ecosystem are euseius stipulatus, phytoseiulus persimilis and neoseiulus californicus. euseius stipulatus is dominant but poorly adapted to utilize t. urticae as prey. it mainly persists on pollen and citrus red mite, panonychus citri. a recent study suggested that the more efficacious t. urticae predators p. persimilis and ...	2010	19777356
efficacy of neoseiulus californicus and phytoseiulus persimilis in suppression of tetranychus urticae in young clementine plants.	tetranychus urticae is one of the most damaging tetranychid mites affecting clementine orchards in spain, where natural control is insufficient. furthermore, in clementine nurseries, tender foliage is highly susceptible to attack and natural enemies are almost always absent. therefore, acaricides are often used indiscriminately. alternative control measures are necessary, both in commercial orchards and clementine nurseries. in order to assess the efficacy of inoculative releases of n. californi ...	2010	19784783
effect of genotype and environment on citrus juice carotenoid content.	a selection of orange and mandarin varieties belonging to the same citrus accession and cultivated in mediterranean (corsica), subtropical (new caledonia), and tropical areas (principally tahiti) were studied to assess the effect of genotype and environmental conditions on citrus juice carotenoid content. juices from three sweet orange cultivars, that is, pera, sanguinelli, and valencia ( citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck), and two mandarin species ( citrus deliciosa ten and citrus clementina hort. ex ...	2009	19807162
production of tetraploid plants of non apomictic citrus genotypes.	ploidy manipulation in citrus is a major issue of current breeding programs aiming to develop triploid seedless mandarins to address consumer demands for seedless fruits. the most effective method to obtain triploid hybrids is to pollinate tetraploid non apomictic cultivars with pollen of diploid varieties. such non apomictic tetraploid lines are not found in the citrus germplasm and need to be created. in this work we describe a new methodology based on in vitro shoot-tip grafting combined with ...	2009	19834711
bioactive phenolics and antioxidant propensity of flavedo extracts of mauritian citrus fruits: potential prophylactic ingredients for functional foods application.	the flavedo extracts of twenty-one varieties of citrus fruits (oranges, satsumah, clementine, mandarins, tangor, bergamot, lemon, tangelos, kumquat, calamondin and pamplemousses) grown in mauritius were examined for their total phenolic, flavonoid and vitamin c contents and antioxidant activities. total phenolics correlated strongly with the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (teac), ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (frap) and hypochlorous acid (hocl) scavenging activity assays (r > 0.85 ...	2010	20100535
expression of polyamine biosynthesis genes during parthenocarpic fruit development in citrus clementina.	polyamines have been attributed a general role in fruit development in several plants like pea and tomato. to investigate the involvement of these compounds in parthenocarpic fruit development in citrus clementina, we have isolated three genes encoding aminopropyl transferases in this species: ccspds, ccspm1 and ccacl5. the unambiguous identity of the proteins encoded by these genes was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis and by heterologous expression in yeast mutants deficient in aminopropyl tr ...	2010	20336313
spray deposition and efficacy of four petroleum-derived oils used against tetranychus urticae (acari: tetranychidae).	petroleum-derived spray oils (pdsos) offer an interesting alternative to acaricides to control the twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae), a key pest of clementine mandarins, citrus reticulata blanco. however, there is a lack of knowledge on how these products should be used. in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of four pdsos (sunspray ultrafine, volck miscible, texaco d-c-tron plus, and agroaceite) at five concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0%) agains ...	2010	20429453
tissue-specific transcriptome profiling of the citrus fruit epidermis and subepidermis using laser capture microdissection.	most studies of the biochemical and regulatory pathways that are associated with, and control, fruit expansion and ripening are based on homogenized bulk tissues, and do not take into consideration the multiplicity of different cell types from which the analytes, be they transcripts, proteins or metabolites, are extracted. consequently, potentially valuable spatial information is lost and the lower abundance cellular components that are expressed only in certain cell types can be diluted below t ...	2010	20519339
[a prediction model for internet game addiction in adolescents: using a decision tree analysis].	this study was designed to build a theoretical frame to provide practical help to prevent and manage adolescent internet game addiction by developing a prediction model through a comprehensive analysis of related factors.	2010	20634629
decision model for acute appendicitis treatment with decision tree technology--a modification of the alvarado scoring system.	how to decide the proper time to do laparotomies for acute appendicitis patients is sometimes very difficult, especially in areas with no imaging diagnostic tools. the alvarado scoring system (ass) is a convenient and inexpensive decision making tool; however, its accuracy needs to be improved. the decision tree is the most frequently used data mining technology for diagnostic model building. this study used a decision tree to modify the ass and to prioritize the variables.	2010	20728850
comparative analysis of proteome changes induced by the two spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae and methyl jasmonate in citrus leaves.	citrus plants are currently facing biotic and abiotic stresses. therefore, the characterization of molecular traits involved in the response mechanisms to stress could facilitate selection of resistant varieties. although large cdna microarray profiling has been generated in citrus tissues, the available protein expression data are scarce. in this study, to identify differentially expressed proteins in citrus clementina leaves after infestation by the two-spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae, ...	2011	20926159
rapid simultaneous determination of amines and organic acids in citrus using high-performance liquid chromatography.	rapid analytical method for the simultaneous separation and determination of amines and organic acids is a vital interest for quality control of citrus and their products. in the present study, a simultaneous high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method for the rapid separation of three amines and two organic acids was developed. chromatographic separation of compounds was achieved using xbridge c(18) column at ambient temperature, with an isocratic mobile phase of 3mm phosphoric acid at ...	2010	21147342
identification of a gcc transcription factor responding to fruit colour change events in citrus through the transcriptomic analyses of two mutants.	external ripening in citrus fruits is morphologically characterized by a colour shift from green to orange due to the degradation of chlorophylls and the accumulation of carotenoid pigments. although numerous genes coding for enzymes involved in such biochemical pathways have been identified, the molecular control of this process has been scarcely studied. in this work we used the citrus clementina mutants 39b3 and 39e7, showing delayed colour break, to isolate genes potentially related to the r ...	2010	21159189
a stress responsive alternative splicing mechanism in citrus clementina leaves.	chitinases are often considered pathogenesis-related proteins since their activity can be induced by viral infections, fungal and bacterial cell wall components, and also by more general sources of stress such as wounding, salicylic acid, ethylene, auxins and cytokinins. in the present study, comparative proteomic analysis showed the defense-related acidic chitinase ii to be specifically induced in citrus clementina leaves infested by the two-spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae or treated wi ...	2011	21310505
[establishment of a quality evaluation method for angelica different processed products from genuine producing areas based on data mining].	the paper reports the development of a quality evaluation method for angelica different processed products. the data of high-performance liquid chromatography, water, total ash and extract were analyzed with spss clementine 11.0 software. discriminant analysis (da) established the classification model and parameter for angelica different processed products. fish's discriminant functions of angelica different processed products were generated using 8 predictor variables selected from 59 indexes. ...	2010	21351572
analysis of bioactive compounds in seven citrus cultivars.	chemical content in peels of fruits belonging to cultivars of clementine mandarin (fino, loretina and marisol), satsume mandarin (owari), navel orange (navelate and navelina) and common orange (valencia late) groups have been analyzed. the influence of the variety on the content of bioactive constituents at the varietal level is discussed. rind contents showed similar tendencies for the majority of compounds although satsume group presented the highest amounts on the flavanone glycosides hesperi ...	2011	21364046
realistic anatomical prostate models for surgical skills workshops using ballistic gelatin for nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy and fruit for simple prostatectomy.	understanding of prostate anatomy has evolved as techniques have been refined and improved for radical prostatectomy (rp), particularly regarding the importance of the neurovascular bundles for erectile function. the objectives of this study were to develop inexpensive and simple but anatomically accurate prostate models not involving human or animal elements to teach the terminology and practical aspects of nerve-sparing rp and simple prostatectomy (sp).	2011	21379431
role of the cultivar in choosing clementine fruits with a high level of health-promoting compounds.	thirteen cultivars and two hybrids of clementine fruits (citrus clementina hort. ex. tan) cultivated in italy were characterized according to ph, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, total polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamin c, hesperidin, rutin, narirutin and naringin and radical scavenging activity. the presence of rutin in clementine fruit juice is reported for the first time here. the results indicated that all chemical parameters statistically differentiated each cultivar (p < 0.001). in ...	2011	21504146