Publications

aminopeptidase n from escherichia coli. unusual interactions with the cell surface.	the subcellular localization of aminopeptidase n (previously called aminoendopeptidase) has been investigated. this enzyme was found to be partially released (30-40%) by osmotic shock or by converting escherichia coli k10 cells to spheroplasts. however, in all other e. coli strains (k12, b/r, mre 600, ml 308) tested, this enzyme is not released at all by these procedures and thus behaves like a cytoplasmic enzyme. the crypticity of aminopeptidase n is surprisingly low, 75-85% of the enzyme activ ...	1977	323010
further properties of black raspberry latent virus, and evidence for its relationship to tobacco streak virus.		1975	1180411
staining of basic nucleoproteins by an extract of the black raspberry.		1974	4473480
the advantage of black caps for liquid scintillation vials.		1974	4825381
antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves of blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry varies with cultivar and developmental stage.	fruits and leaves from different cultivars of thornless blackberry (rubus sp.), red raspberry (rubus idaeus l.), black raspberry (rubus occidentalis l.), and strawberry (fragaria x ananassa d.) plants were analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, orac) and total phenolic content. in addition, fruits were analyzed for total anthocyanin content. blackberries and strawberries had the highest orac values during the green stages, whereas red raspberries had the hig ...	2000	10691606
differential effects of endoparasitism on the expression of carotenoid- and melanin-based ornamental coloration.	the striking diversity of sexual dimorphisms in nature begs the question: why are there so many signal types? one possibility is that ornamental traits convey different sets of information about the quality of the sender to the receiver. the colourful, pigmented feathers of male birds seem to meet the predictions of this hypothesis. evidence suggests that carotenoid pigmentation reflects the nutritional condition of males during moult, whereas in many instances melanin pigmentation is a reliable ...	2000	11007328
scavenging capacity of berry crops on superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and singlet oxygen.	the antioxidant activities against superoxide radicals (o(2)()(-)), hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), hydroxyl radicals (oh()), and singlet oxygen ('o(2)) was evaluated in fruit juice from different cultivars of thornless blackberries (rubus sp.), blueberries (vaccinium spp.), cranberries (vaccinium macrocarpon aiton), raspberries (rubus idaeus l. and rubus occidentalis l.), and strawberries (fragaria x ananassa duch.). among the different cultivars, juice of 'hull thornless' blackberry, 'earliglo ...	2000	11087538
antioxidant activity and phenolic content of oregon caneberries.	five types of caneberries [evergreen blackberries (rubus laciniatus), marionberries (rubus ursinus), boysenberries (rubus ursinus x idaeus), red raspberries (rubus idaeus), and black raspberries (rubus occidentalis)] were analyzed for antioxidant activity by measuring their oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac). in addition, the berries were analyzed for total phenolics, anthocyanins, procyanidins, and ellagic acid content. all of the berries had high orac activity ranging from 24 to 77.2 mi ...	2002	12033817
inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide-induced transactivation of activated protein 1 and nuclear factor kappab by black raspberry extracts.	freeze-dried black raspberries have been shown to inhibit the development of chemically induced esophageal and colon cancer in rodents. in addition, organic extracts of black raspberries inhibit benzo(a)pyrene (bap)-induced cell transformation in vitro. the molecular mechanisms through which black raspberries inhibit carcinogenesis remain unclear. we investigated the effects of black raspberry extracts on transactivation of activated protein 1 (ap-1) and nuclear factor kappab (nfkappab) induced ...	2002	12460899
anthocyanin glycosides from berry fruit are absorbed and excreted unmetabolized by both humans and rats.	anthocyanins, the red/blue pigments found in plants, are polyphenolic compounds consumed by humans and are part of a normal diet. recent studies have shown that anthocyanins have substantial bioactivity including antioxidant activity and therefore may have beneficial effects on human health. anthocyanins are a group of over 500 compounds of diverse structures containing different core phenolic aglycons and conjugated with sugars in a variety of glycosylation patterns. in this study, we have inve ...	2003	14705874
chemical composition of caneberry (rubus spp.) seeds and oils and their antioxidant potential.	caneberries (rubus spp. l.) are grown primarily throughout the pacific northwestern united states and canada. processing of caneberry fruit typically removes the seed, and the development of a value-added use of seeds could expand the market for caneberries and the profit margins for growers. an initial step toward the use of the seeds is a characterization of seed and oil. our investigation has described compositional characteristics for seeds of five commonly grown caneberry species: red raspb ...	2004	15612785
strawberry necrotic shock virus is a distinct virus and not a strain of tobacco streak virus.	fragaria (strawberry) and rubus species (blackberry, wild blackberry, red raspberry and black raspberry) were thought to be infected with distinct isolates of tobacco streak virus (tsv). employing serology and nucleic acid hybridization it has been shown that these isolates form a cluster distinct from other strains of tsv. in this study we have cloned and sequenced the complete rna 3 of an isolate of tsv from strawberry (fragaria) as well as the coat protein (cp) gene of 14 additional isolates ...	2004	15669110
inhibition of the growth of premalignant and malignant human oral cell lines by extracts and components of black raspberries.	black raspberries are a rich natural source of chemopreventive phytochemicals. recent studies have shown that freeze-dried black raspberries inhibit the development of oral, esophageal, and colon cancer in rodents, and extracts of black raspberries inhibit benzo(a)pyrene-induced cell transformation of hamster embryo fibroblasts. however, the molecular mechanisms and the active components responsible for black raspberry chemoprevention are unclear. in this study, we found that 2 major chemopreven ...	2005	15860443
black raspberry extract and fractions contain angiogenesis inhibitors.	targeted therapies, such as agents that inhibit angiogenesis, offer hope as complementary agents in cancer therapy. angiogenesis-inhibiting agents have the potential for inhibiting tumor growth and limiting the dissemination of metastasis, thus keeping cancers in a static growth state for prolonged periods. black raspberry (rubus occidentalis) extract was discovered to be antiangiogenic (0.1% w/v) in a novel human tissue-based in vitro fibrin clot angiogenesis assay. assay-guided fractionation o ...	2005	15884816
black raspberry extracts inhibit benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide-induced activator protein 1 activation and vegf transcription by targeting the phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase/akt pathway.	previous studies have shown that freeze-dried black raspberry extract fractions inhibit benzo(a)pyrene [b(a)p]-induced transformation of syrian hamster embryo cells and benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide [b(a)pde]-induced activator protein-1 (ap-1) activity in mouse epidermal cl 41 cells. the phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase (pi-3k)/akt pathway is critical for b(a)pde-induced ap-1 activation in mouse epidermal cl 41 cells. in the present study, we determined the potential involvement of pi-3k and its down ...	2006	16397275
inhibitory effects of fruit juices on cyp3a activity.	there have been very limited reports on the effects of commercial fruit juices on human cyp3a activity. therefore, the inhibitory effects of readily available commercial fruit juices on midazolam 1'-hydroxylase activity, a marker of cyp3a, were evaluated in pooled human liver microsomes. the fruit juices investigated were black raspberry, black mulberry, plum, and wild grape. white grapefruit, pomegranate, and orange juice were used as positive and negative controls. the black mulberry juice sho ...	2006	16415112
fate of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity in contents of the gastrointestinal tract of weanling pigs following black raspberry consumption.	many fruits are rich in anthocyanins (acns). acns have high antioxidant capacity, but because of their apparent low bioavailability, their possible roles in health promotion in vivo are still in question. the objectives of these studies were to determine the fate of acns within the gastrointestinal (gi) tract and the effect on the bioavailability and subsequent metabolism of acns. five weanling pigs were fed freeze-dried black raspberry (rubus occidentalis l.) powder by oral administration, whic ...	2006	16417325
urinary excretion of black raspberry (rubus occidentalis) anthocyanins and their metabolites.	anthocyanins are the most abundant phenolic compounds, widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, and exhibit potent antioxidant capacity. humans ingest a significant amount of anthocyanins in the daily diet. the objective of the current study was to examine human absorption and metabolism of black raspberry anthocyanins when administered at high doses (2.69 +/- 0.085 g/day). ten healthy men consumed 45 g of freeze-dried black raspberries daily for 1 week. urine samples were collected over a 1 ...	2006	16478275
chemical compositions, antioxidant capacities, and antiproliferative activities of selected fruit seed flours.	seed flours from black raspberry, red raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, pinot noir grape, and chardonnay grape were examined for their total fat content, fatty acid composition, total phenolic content (tpc), total anthocyanin content (tac), radical scavenging capacities against the peroxyl (orac) and stable dpph radicals, chelating capacity against fe(2+), and antiproliferative activities using the ht-29 colon cancer cell line. significant levels of fat were detected in the fruit seed flours and ...	2006	16719495
black raspberries inhibit n-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (nmba)-induced angiogenesis in rat esophagus parallel to the suppression of cox-2 and inos.	angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is critical to tumor growth and metastasis. vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), an important angiogenic activator, is essential for angiogenesis. our laboratory has used a rodent model of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc) to identify putative chemopreventive agents for this disease and determine their mechanisms of action. we reported that dietary black raspberry powder (brb) inhibits n-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (nmba)-induced ...	2006	16777990
protection against esophageal cancer in rodents with lyophilized berries: potential mechanisms.	for several years, our laboratory has been evaluating the ability of lyophilized (freeze-dried) black raspberries (rubus occidentalis, brbs), blackberries (r. fructicosus, bbs), and strawberries (fragaria ananasia, strws) to inhibit carcinogen-induced cancer in the rodent esophagus. to assure "standardized" berry preparations for study, each berry type is of the same cultivar, picked at about the same degree of ripeness, washed and frozen within 2-4 h of the time of picking, and freeze-dried und ...	2006	16800771
suppression of the tumorigenic phenotype in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by an ethanol extract derived from freeze-dried black raspberries.	despite focused efforts to improve therapy, 5-yr survival rates for persons with advanced-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (scc) remain discouragingly low. clearly, early detection combined with strategies for local intervention, such as chemoprevention prior to scc development, could dramatically improve clinical outcomes. previously conducted oral cavity human chemoprevention trials, however, have provided mixed results. although some therapies showed efficacy, they were often accompanied by ...	2006	16800773
molecular mechanisms involved in chemoprevention of black raspberry extracts: from transcription factors to their target genes.	berries have attracted attention for their chemopreventive activities in last a few years. dietary freeze-dried blackberries have been shown to reduce esophagus and colon cancer development induced by chemical carcinogen in rodents. to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in chemoprevention by berry extracts, we employed mouse epidermal cl 41 cell line, a well-characterized in vitro model in tumor promotion studies. pretreatment of cl 41 cells with methanol-extracted blackberry fraction ro-me ...	2006	16800774
blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro.	berry fruits are widely consumed in our diet and have attracted much attention due to their potential human health benefits. berries contain a diverse range of phytochemicals with biological properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-neurodegerative, and anti-inflammatory activities. in the current study, extracts of six popularly consumed berries--blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry and strawberry--were evaluated for their phenolic constituents using high perf ...	2006	17147415
cyanidin-3-rutinoside, a natural polyphenol antioxidant, selectively kills leukemic cells by induction of oxidative stress.	anthocyanins are a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds widely available in fruits and vegetables in human diets. they have broad biological activities including anti-mutagenesis and anticarcinogenesis, which are generally attributed to their antioxidant activities. we studied the effects and the mechanisms of the most common type of anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, in several leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. we found that cyanidin-3-rutinoside extracted and purified from the bla ...	2007	17360708
differential inhibition of uv-induced activation of nf kappa b and ap-1 by extracts from black raspberries, strawberries, and blueberries.	recent studies from our laboratory have shown that the transactivation of nuclear factor kappa b (nf kappa b) and activator protein-1 (ap-1) plays an important mechanistic role in ultraviolet (uv)-induced skin carcinogenesis in mice. we also demonstrated that a methanol extract (me) fraction from black raspberries (rubus occidentalis) (ro; ro-me) inhibits benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide [b(a)pde]-induced activation of nf kappa b and ap-1 in cultured mouse epidermal cells. in the present stu ...	2007	17640167
differential effects of black raspberry and strawberry extracts on bapde-induced activation of transcription factors and their target genes.	the chemopreventive properties of edible berries have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, however, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-cancer effects are largely unknown. our previous studies have shown that a methanol extract fraction of freeze-dried black raspberries inhibits benzoapyrene (bap)-induced transformation of syrian hamster embryo cells. this fraction also blocks activation of activator protein-1 (ap-1) and nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab) induced by be ...	2008	18085529
berry fruits: compositional elements, biochemical activities, and the impact of their intake on human health, performance, and disease.	an overwhelming body of research has now firmly established that the dietary intake of berry fruits has a positive and profound impact on human health, performance, and disease. berry fruits, which are commercially cultivated and commonly consumed in fresh and processed forms in north america, include blackberry ( rubus spp.), black raspberry ( rubus occidentalis), blueberry ( vaccinium corymbosum), cranberry (i.e., the american cranberry, vaccinium macrocarpon, distinct from the european cranbe ...	2008	18211023
cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-xylosylrutinoside as primary phenolic antioxidants in black raspberry.	anthocyanin constituents in black raspberries (rubus occidentalis l.) were investigated by hplc-dad, and their involvement as potent, significant antioxidants in black raspberries was demonstrated by three common antioxidant assays (frap, dpph, abts) in this study. five anthocyanins were present in black raspberries: cyanidin 3-sambubioside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-xylosylrutinoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, and pelargonidin 3-rutinoside. their identities and structures, with particular e ...	2008	18290621
effects of a topically applied bioadhesive berry gel on loss of heterozygosity indices in premalignant oral lesions.	the aim of this study was to assess the effects of topical application of a 10% (w/w) freeze-dried black raspberry (fbr) gel on oral intraepithelial neoplasia (ien) variables that included histologic diagnoses and loss of heterozygosity (loh) indices. microsatellite instability and/or loh at tumor suppressor gene-associated chromosomal loci have been associated with a higher risk for oral ien progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma. previously, our laboratories have shown that fbrs are well ...	2008	18413833
dietary berries and ellagic acid diminish estrogen-mediated mammary tumorigenesis in aci rats.	estrogen acts as a complete mammary carcinogen in aci rats. prevention studies in this model allowed us to identify agents that are effective against estrogen-induced mammary carcinogenesis. in this study, we investigated efficacy of dietary berries and ellagic acid to reduce estrogen-mediated mammary tumorigenesis. female aci rats (8-9 wk) were fed either ain-93m diet (n = 25) or diet supplemented with either powdered blueberry (n = 19) and black raspberry (n = 19) at 2.5% wt/wt each or ellagic ...	2008	18444155
the death of mourning: from victorian crepe to the little black dress.	mourning is a natural response to loss. in the late eighteenth century and throughout the nineteenth century, in england and france, the bereaved was expected to follow a complex set of rules, particularly among the upper classes, with women more bound to adhere to these customs than men. such customs involved wearing heavy, concealing, black costume and the use of black crepe veils. special black caps and bonnets were worn with these ensembles. widows were expected to wear these clothes up to f ...	2008	18507326
topical application of a bioadhesive black raspberry gel modulates gene expression and reduces cyclooxygenase 2 protein in human premalignant oral lesions.	reduced expression of proapoptotic and terminal differentiation genes in conjunction with increased levels of the proinflammatory and angiogenesis-inducing enzymes, cyclooxygenase 2 (cox-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), correlate with malignant transformation of oral intraepithelial neoplasia (ien). accordingly, this study investigated the effects of a 10% (w/w) freeze-dried black raspberry gel on oral ien histopathology, gene expression profiles, intraepithelial cox-2 and inos pro ...	2008	18559542
cdna cloning and expression pattern of cinnamate-4-hydroxylase in the korean black raspberry.	cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (c4h) is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, which is responsible for synthesizing a variety of secondary metabolites that participate in development and adaptation. in this study, we isolated a full-length cdna of the c4h gene from the korean black raspberry (rubus sp.) and found that this gene existed as a single gene. by comparing the deduced amino acid sequence of rubus sp. c4h with other sequences reported previously we determined that this sequence was high ...	2008	18682037
identification, characterization, and detection of black raspberry necrosis virus.	abstract a serious disease was observed in black raspberry (rubus occidentalis) in oregon in the last decade. plants showing mosaic symptoms declined rapidly and, in many cases, died after several years. double-stranded rna extraction from symptomatic black raspberry revealed the presence of two high molecular weight bands which were cloned and sequenced. sequence analysis disclosed the presence of a novel virus that was tentatively named black raspberry decline-associated virus (brdav). the com ...	2007	18942935
prevention of oxidative dna damage by bioactive berry components.	the hormone 17ss-estradiol (e(2)) causes oxidative dna damage via redox cycling of its metabolites such as 4-hydroxy estradiol (4e(2)). in this study, aci rats (8 wk old) were fed either ain-93m diet or diets supplemented with 0.5% each of mixed berries (strawberry, blueberry, blackberry, and red and black raspberry), blueberry alone (bb; 2.5%), or ellagic acid (ea; 400 ppm) from 2 wk prior to and up to 12 wk of e(2) treatment. the liver dna was analyzed for the presence of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguan ...	2008	19003579
effects of a black raspberry diet on gene expression in the rat esophagus.	a diet containing 5% freeze-dried black raspberries (brb) markedly inhibits esophageal cancer in rats treated with the carcinogen, n-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (nmba). we previously identified esophageal genes that become dysregulated after short-term treatment of rats with nmba and determined which genes are maintained at near-normal levels of expression if the animals were fed 5% brb prior to and during nmba treatment. in this study, we report the effects of the brb diet on gene expression in es ...	2008	19003582
distribution of anthocyanins delivered from a bioadhesive black raspberry gel following topical intraoral application in normal healthy volunteers.	results from our oral cavity chemoprevention trial demonstrated appreciable interpatient variations regarding chemopreventive efficacy of a freeze dried black raspberry (fbr) gel. we speculated these data reflected individual patient-related differences in absorption, target tissue uptake and local compound metabolism of key fbr compounds (anthocyanins). accordingly, this study assessed the distribution of anthocyanins from the 10% (w/w) fbr gel in saliva, oral tissues and plasma.	2009	19137418
production of gamma-aminobutyric acid in black raspberry juice during fermentation by lactobacillus brevis gaba100.	black raspberry juice was fermented to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) using lactic acid bacteria (lactobacillus brevis gaba 100) at different temperatures (25, 30, or 37 degrees c) and phs (3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, or 6) for 15 days. concentrations of gaba in the juices were determined during fermentation using hplc. gaba was produced continuously even if the viable bacterial counts markedly decreased. the fermentation at 30 degrees c generally showed higher production of gaba in the juices ...	2009	19167126
phenolic acids in black raspberry and in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs following ingestion of black raspberry.	black raspberries (brb) contain high levels of polyphenols and have been demonstrated to be chemopreventive. in order to investigate the underlying mechanism and study the metabolism of anthocyanins, pigs were fed freeze-dried brb powder or purified diet (control) and three segments of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract (small intestine, cecum, and colon; 4 h after feeding) were collected for analysis of phenolic acids. protocatechuic acid was the major phenolic acid (8.35 mg/100 g, dry weight (dw) ...	2009	19199287
processing and storage effects on monomeric anthocyanins, percent polymeric color, and antioxidant capacity of processed black raspberry products.	this study evaluated the effects of processing and 6 mo of storage on total monomeric anthocyanins, percent polymeric color, and antioxidant capacity of black raspberries that were individually quick-frozen (iqf), canned-in-syrup, canned-in-water, pureed, and juiced (clarified and nonclarified). total monomeric anthocyanins, percent polymeric color, and orac(fl) were determined 1 d postprocessing and after 1, 3, and 6 mo of storage. thermal processing resulted in marked losses in total anthocyan ...	2008	19241590
stability of black raspberry anthocyanins in the digestive tract lumen and transport efficiency into gastric and small intestinal tissues in the rat.	the fate of black raspberry anthocyanins in the gastrointestinal tract (gi) was evaluated. fasted male rats (n = 30) were administered either 27 +/- 6.7 nmol of cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent of anthocyanins and euthanized at 30, 60, 120, and 180 min or vehicle only and killed at 30 min (control) to collect bladder urine, gi contents, stomach, and small intestine. hplc-ms analysis showed that anthocyanins in the gastric lumen decreased linearly over time (t(1/2) = 120 min). anthocyanins in smal ...	2009	19317488
a multifactorial test of the effects of carotenoid access, food intake and parasite load on the production of ornamental feathers and bill coloration in american goldfinches.	it has been well established that carotenoid and melanin pigmentation are often condition-dependent traits in vertebrates. expression of carotenoid coloration in birds has been shown to reflect pigment intake, food access and parasite load; however, the relative importance of and the potential interactions among these factors have not been previously considered. moreover, carotenoid and melanin pigmentation have been proposed to signal fundamentally different aspects of individual condition but ...	2009	19329755
topical treatment with black raspberry extract reduces cutaneous uvb-induced carcinogenesis and inflammation.	light in the uvb spectrum (280-320 nm) induces a number of changes in the epidermis and dermis of mice and humans, resulting in a robust inflammatory response. a standardized black raspberry extract (bre) has been effective in reducing signaling pathways commonly initiated by inflammatory stimuli. in this study, we determined whether this extract could reduce cutaneous uvb-induced inflammation and carcinogenesis. in our carcinogenesis model, female skh-1 hairless mice were exposed to one minimal ...	2009	19584078
purified berry anthocyanins but not whole berries normalize lipid parameters in mice fed an obesogenic high fat diet.	male c57bl/6 mice received diets with either 10% of kcal from fat, or a high fat diet [45% (hf45) or 60% (hf60) kcal from fat]. diets were prepared with or without freeze-dried powders (10%) from whole blueberries (bb), strawberries (sb), concord grape or black raspberry. in the 2nd study, purified anthocyanins (acns) from sb or bb were added to the drinking water of the treatments fed the hf60 diet. in study 1, serum triglycerides were increased by feeding the hf45 diet but were elevated furthe ...	2009	19743407
a rapid and sensitive lc-ms/ms method for quantification of four anthocyanins and its application in a clinical pharmacology study of a bioadhesive black raspberry gel.	cyanidin 3-glucoside (c3glu), cyanidin 3-rutinoside (c3rut), cyanidin 3-sambubioside (c3sam) and cyanidin 3-(2(g)-xylosyl) rutinoside (c3xrut) are the four constituent black raspberry anthocyanins that contribute significantly to the chemopreventive effects of freeze-dried black raspberries (fbr). a highly sensitive and specific lc-ms/ms assay was developed and validated to simultaneously quantify these four fbr anthocyanins in human saliva, plasma and oral tissue homogenates. in saliva, the low ...	2009	19896910
effect of black raspberry extract in inhibiting nfkappa b dependent radioprotection in human breast cancer cells.	black raspberry extracts (rse) have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and stimulate apoptosis. also, studies have demonstrated that rse inhibits transcriptional regulators including nfkappa b. accordingly, we investigated the effect of rse in inhibiting radiation (ir) induced nfkappa b mediated radioprotection in breast adenocarcinoma cells. mcf-7 cells were exposed to ir (2gy), treated with rse (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 micro g/ml) or treated with rse (1.0 micro g/ml) followed by ir exposure, and h ...	2010	20043264
formulation and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of black raspberry extract-loaded plga/pla injectable millicylindrical implants for sustained delivery of chemopreventive anthocyanins.	the objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate freeze-dried black raspberry (fbr) ethanol extract (re) loaded poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) and poly(dl-lactic acid) (pla) injectable millicylindrical implants for sustained delivery of chemopreventive fbr anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-sambubioside (cs), cyanidin-3-glucoside (cg) and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (cr)).	2010	20148292
black raspberry components inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and modulate gene expression in rat esophageal epithelial cells.	we have shown that a diet containing freeze-dried black raspberries (brb) inhibits the development of chemically induced cancer in the rat esophagus. to provide insights into possible mechanisms by which brb inhibit esophageal carcinogenesis, we evaluated an ethanol (etoh) extract of brb, and two component anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-o-glucoside and cyanidin-3-o-rutinoside) in brb, for their effects on growth, apoptosis, and gene expression in rat esophageal epithelial cell lines. the etoh extract ...	2009	20155622
modeling relationships among active components in black raspberry (rubus occidentalis l.) fruit extracts using high-resolution (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis.	a process was developed to ascertain the bioactive components of black raspberry (rubus occidentalis l.) fruit extracts by relating chemical constituents determined by high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy to biological responses using partial least-squares regression analysis. to validate our approach, we outlined relationships between phenolic signals in nmr spectra and chemical data for total monomeric anthocyanin (tma) content and antioxidant capacity by the ferric-reducin ...	2010	20192269
dietary black raspberry anthocyanins do not alter development of obesity in mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet.	anthocyanins (acns) from various foods have been shown to minimize the development of obesity in some animal models. the objective of the current study was to compare the effects of feeding purified black raspberry (brb) acns or the freeze-dried whole brb on the development of obesity. male c57bl/6j mice (25 days of age) were assigned at random to treatments (7/treatment; 3/cage). the treatments included (1) control low-fat diet (10% calories from fat) (lf); (2) lf plus brb juice in place of dri ...	2010	20201554
berries and ellagic acid prevent estrogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis by modulating enzymes of estrogen metabolism.	to determine whether dietary berries and ellagic acid prevent 17beta-estradiol (e(2))-induced mammary tumors by altering estrogen metabolism, we randomized august-copenhagen irish rats (n = 6 per group) into five groups: sham implant + control diet, e(2) implant + control diet (e(2)-cd), e(2) + 2.5% black raspberry (e(2)-brb), e(2) + 2.5% blueberry (e(2)-bb), and e(2) + 400 ppm ellagic acid (e(2)-ea). animals were euthanized at early (6 wk), intermediate (18 wk), and late (24 wk) phases of e(2) ...	2010	20501861
dietary freeze-dried black raspberry's effect on cellular antioxidant status during reflux-induced esophagitis in rats.	esophageal cancer consists of two distinct types, esophageal adenocarcinoma (eac) and squamous cell carcinoma, both of which differ significantly in their etiology. freeze-dried black raspberry (brb) has been consistent in its ability to modulate the biomarkers and reduce the incidence of carcinogen-induced squamous cell carcinoma in rats. in our previous studies in the esophagoduodenal anastomosis (eda) model, we have shown that the early modulation of manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) sig ...	2011	20538426
the complete sequence of a uk strain of black raspberry necrosis virus.	the complete nucleotide sequence of a uk strain of the sadwavirus black raspberry necrosis virus (brnv) was obtained by amplification and sequencing of virus rna from infected plants grown in a raspberry plantation in aylth, scotland. the rna1 was 7,572 nucleotides (nt) in size and rna2 was 6,350 nt in size, each excluding the 3' poly-a tail. the rna1- and rna2-encoded polyproteins are predicted to be processed into (rna1) a protease cofactor, an rna helicase, the vpg, a 3c-like protease, an rna ...	2010	20878193
urinary excretion of (epi)catechins in rats fed different berries or berry products.	(epi)catechins are associated with many health benefits in humans. however, their bioavailability, excretory pattern, and extent of conjugation in animals fed different sources or levels in the diet are not well documented. two experiments were conducted to investigate the urinary excretion of (epi)catechins after feeding of different types of berries or different levels of the same berry source to rats. experiment 1 investigated the effects of feeding a commercially available concentrated cranb ...	2010	20932033
anti-inflammatory effects of freeze-dried black raspberry powder in ulcerative colitis.	ulcerative colitis (uc) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa that can dramatically increase the risk of colon cancers. in the present study, we evaluated the effects of a dietary intervention of freeze-dried black raspberries (brb), a natural food product with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities, on disease severity in an experimental mouse model of uc using 3% dextran sodium sulfate (dss). c57bl/6j mice were fed either a control diet or a diet containing brb (5 or ...	2010	21098643
effect of black raspberry ( rubus occidentalis l.) extract variation conditioned by cultivar, production site, and fruit maturity stage on colon cancer cell proliferation.	black raspberries have been shown to inhibit multiple stages of oral, esophageal, and colon cancer. the objective of this study was to evaluate how black raspberry extract variability conditioned by horticultural factors affected the antiproliferative activity of 75 black raspberry extracts using an in vitro colon cancer cell model. ht-29 cells grown in 96-well plates were treated with freeze-dried extracts at 0.6 and 1.2 mg of extract/ml of medium. percent cell growth inhibition for each concen ...	2011	21284384
unrefined and refined black raspberry seed oils significantly lower triglycerides and moderately affect cholesterol metabolism in male syrian hamsters.	abstract unrefined and refined black raspberry seed oils (rsos) were examined for their lipid-modulating effects in male syrian hamsters fed high-cholesterol (0.12% g/g), high-fat (9% g/g) diets. hamsters fed the refined and the unrefined rso diets had equivalently lower plasma total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (hdl) cholesterol in comparison with the atherogenic coconut oil diet. the unrefined rso treatment group did not differ in liver total and esterified cholesterol from the coc ...	2011	21548801
effects of human oral mucosal tissue, saliva and oral microflora on intraoral metabolism and bioactivation of black raspberry anthocyanins.	our oral cancer chemoprevention trial data implied that patient-specific differences in local retention and metabolism of freeze-dried black raspberries' (brb) components affected therapeutic responsiveness. subsequent studies have confirmed that anthocyanins are key contributors to brb's chemopreventive effects. consequently, functional assays, immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analyses to evaluate levels and distribution of brb anthocyanin-relevant metabolic enzymes in human oral tissues ...	2011	21558412
antioxidant oils and salmonella enterica typhimurium reduce tumor in an experimental model of hepatic metastasis.	fruit seeds high in antioxidants have been shown to have anticancer properties and enhance host protection against microbial infection. recently we showed that a single oral dose of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing a truncated human interleukin-2 gene (salpil2) is avirulent, immunogenic, and reduces hepatic metastases through increased natural killer cell populations in mice. to determine whether antioxidant compounds enhance the antitumor effect seen in salpil2-treated animals ...	2011	21691578
properties and detection of two cryptoviruses from pepper (capsicum annuum).	pepper (capsicum annuum l.) contains a range of endogenous dsrna molecules resembling the genomes of cryptoviruses. in this work, we have completed the molecular characterization of pepper cryptic virus 1 (pcv-1) from cv "jalape+¦o m" and generated complete genomic sequences of another cryptovirus from cv "hungarian wax" designated pepper cryptic virus 2 (pcv-2). the two viruses share limited identical amino acid content in both genomic segments and appear phylogenetically closer to cryptoviruse ...	2011	21695493
impact of curcumin, raspberry extract, and neem leaf extract on rel protein-regulated cell death/radiosensitization in pancreatic cancer cells.	objectives:: nuclear factor +¦b (nf-+¦b) plays an intrinsic role in promoting growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in pancreatic cancer (pc) and serves as a mechanism underlying therapeutic resistance. accordingly, we investigated the efficacy of bioactive phytochemicals in inhibiting radiotherapy (rt)-induced nf-+¦b activity, signaling, and nf-+¦b-dependent regulation of cell death. methods:: panc-1, bxpc-3, and mia paca-2 cells exposed to 10 gy (single high dose [sdr]) or 2 gy/d for 5 days (fr ...	2011	21697760
decision making and risk attitude of the common marmoset in a gambling task.	to analyze decision making under uncertainty of monkeys, common marmosets were trained to choose and remove one of two colored caps on wells arranged side by side. each well contained constant reward (3 grains of puffed rice) or risky reward (0 or 6 grains; probability, 50%:50%). for each marmoset, white or black color was assigned randomly as a symbol of non-risky or risky choice. arrangement of white and black caps was determined randomly in each trial. after 200 trials (5 trials per day), the ...	2011	21802456
A black raspberry extract inhibits proliferation and regulates apoptosis in cervical cancer cells.	OBJECTIVE: Cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer worldwide, and it remains a challenge to manage preinvasive and invasive lesions. Food-based cancer prevention entities, such as black raspberries and their derivatives, have demonstrated a marked ability to inhibit preclinical models of epithelial cancer cell growth and tumor formation. Here, we extend the role of black raspberry-mediated chemoprevention to that of cervical carcinogenesis. METHODS: Three human cervical cancer ce ...	2011	21831414
Effect of freeze-dried berries on the development of reflux-induced esophageal adenocarcinoma.	The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in humans is increasing more rapidly than any other malignancy in the United States. Animal studies have demonstrated the efficacy of freeze-dried berry supplementation on carcinogen-induced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in rats; however, no such studies have been done in esophagoduodenal anastomosis (EDA), an animal model for reflux-induced esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) development. Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 3 ...	2011	22043833
construction of black (rubus occidentalis) and red (r. idaeus) raspberry linkage maps and their comparison to the genomes of strawberry, apple, and peach.	the genus rubus belongs to the rosaceae and is comprised of 600-800 species distributed world-wide. to date, genetic maps of the genus consist largely of non-transferable markers such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms. an f(1) population developed from a cross between an advanced breeding selection of rubus occidentalis (96395s1) and r. idaeus 'latham' was used to construct a new genetic map consisting of dna sequence-based markers. the genetic linkage maps presented here are constructe ...	2012	22398438
potential risks resulting from fruit/vegetable-drug interactions: effects on drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters.	it has been well established that complex mixtures of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables can be beneficial for human health. moreover, it is becoming increasingly apparent that phytochemicals can influence the pharmacological activity of drugs by modifying their absorption characteristics through interactions with drug transporters as well as drug-metabolizing enzyme systems. such effects are more likely to occur in the intestine and liver, where high concentrations of phytochemicals may oc ...	2011	22417366
polyphenol compounds and anti-inflammatory activities of korean black raspberry ( rubus coreanus miquel) wines produced from juice supplemented with pulp and seed.	three types of korean black raspberry wine were produced via alcoholic fermentation from juice, juice-pulp, and juice-pulp-seed, respectively. these wines were compared in terms of their anti-inflammatory activities and polyphenol contents. the total content of polyphenol compounds in wines was increased by 22.4% after supplementation with pulp and by 56.7% after supplementation with both pulp and seed. the reduction rate of no evolution was highest in the order juice-pulp-seed wine, juice-pulp ...	2012	22563950
inhibition of estrogen-mediated mammary tumorigenesis by blueberry and black raspberry.	we previously demonstrated the protective effects of blueberry (bb) and black raspberry (brb) supplemented at 2.5% dose in an aci rat mammary tumor model. here, we assessed a dose-related alteration in tumor indices with diet supplemented with 5% bb or brb powder. the diet was well tolerated. tumor palpation from 12 weeks revealed first tumor appearance by 84 days in the control group, that was delayed by 24 and 39 days with the bb and brb diets, respectively (p = 0.04). ellagic acid detected in ...	2012	22571764
plasma cytokines as potential response indicators to dietary freeze-dried black raspberries in colorectal cancer patients.	oral consumption of freeze-dried black raspberries attenuated neoplastic changes in colorectal tissue markers of apoptosis, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer (crc) patients. to determine whether plasma concentrations of interleukin (il)-1β, il-2, il-6, il-8, il-10, il-12p70, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf), interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) were associated with berry treatment and changes in colorectal tissue markers of apoptosis, ...	2012	22823889
susceptibility of anthocyanins to ex vivo degradation in human saliva.	some fruits and their anthocyanin-rich extracts have been reported to exhibit chemopreventive activity in the oral cavity. insights regarding oral metabolism of anthocyanins remain limited. anthocyanin-rich extracts from blueberry, chokeberry, black raspberry, red grape, and strawberry were incubated ex vivo with human saliva from 14 healthy subjects. all anthocyanins were partially degraded in saliva. degradation of chokeberry anthocyanins in saliva was temperature dependent and decreased by he ...	2012	22868153
antiviral effects of black raspberry (rubus coreanus) juice on foodborne viral surrogates.	abstract human noroviruses (hunovs) are the most frequent cause of foodborne viral gastroenteritis, causing approximately 90% of non-bacterial epidemic outbreaks around the world. rubus coreanus is a species of black raspberry, rich in polyphenols, and known to exert anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. in the present study, the antiviral effects of r. coreanus juice (black raspberry [brb] juice) on foodborne viral surrogates, murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1) and feline calicivi ...	2012	22924523
location of the mechanism of resistance to amphorophora agathonica (hemiptera: aphididae) in red raspberry.	the aphid amphorophora agathonica hottes (hemiptera: aphididae) is an important virus vector in red (rubus idaeus l.) and black (rubus occidentalis l.) raspberries in north america. raspberry resistance to a. agathonica in the form of a single dominant gene named ag1 has been relied upon to help control aphid-transmitted plant viruses; however, the mechanism of resistance to the insect is poorly understood. aphid feeding was monitored using an electrical penetration graph on the resistant red ra ...	2012	22928330
rubus coreanus inhibits oxidized-ldl uptake by macrophages through regulation of jnk activation.	oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxldl) contributes to atherosclerosis in part by being taken up into macrophages via scavenger receptors and leading to foam cell formation. herbal compounds that have been used to treat blood stasis (a counterpart of atherosclerosis) for centuries include extracts of medicinal plants in the rosaceae and leguminosae families. in this study, we investigated the effect of the unripe rubus coreanus (korean black raspberry) fruit extract on oxldl uptake by murine ma ...	2012	22928828
pharmacokinetics of protocatechuic acid in mouse and its quantification in human plasma using lc-tandem mass spectrometry.	protocatechuic acid (pca), a major microbial-mediated metabolite of anthocyanins, has significant anti-oxidative and anti-carcinogenic activities in vitro and in vivo; however, its pharmacokinetics remains largely unknown. in this report, a sensitive and rapid lc-ms/ms method was developed and validated for the measurement of pca concentrations in both mouse and human plasma. this method showed a linearity of 1-1000ng/ml in both mouse and human plasma with a lower limit of quantification of 1ng/ ...	2012	23122399
black raspberry-derived anthocyanins demethylate tumor suppressor genes through the inhibition of dnmt1 and dnmt3b in colon cancer cells.	we previously reported that oral administration of black raspberry powder decreased promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes in tumors from patients with colorectal cancer. the anthocyanins (acs) in black raspberries are responsible, at least in part, for their cancer-inhibitory effects. in the present study, we asked if acs are responsible for the demethylation effects observed in colorectal cancers. three days of treatment of acs at 0.5, 5, and 25 μg/ml suppressed activity and protein ex ...	2013	23368921
anti-inflammatory and anti-superbacterial activity of polyphenols isolated from black raspberry.	the fruit of the black raspberry (rubus coreanus miquel) has been employed in traditional medicine, and recent studies have demonstrated its measureable biological activities. however, the root of the black raspberry has not been studied. therefore, in this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of the root and unripe fruit polyphenols of the black raspberry. both polyphenols proved to have anti-inflammatory activity as evidenced by the decreased nitric oxide (no) ...	2013	23440625
berries and human health: research highlights from the fifth biennial berry health benefits symposium.	the fifth biennial berry health benefits symposium showcased recent research supporting the positive effects of berry consumption on human health and disease. remarkably, the vast majority of oral papers covered data accumulated from in vivo studies, which underscores how berry health research has advanced since the inception of this symposium in 2005. similar to the past, research presented at this meeting was primarily focused on the major commercially cultivated berries in north america, name ...	2014	24148006
urinary excretion of phenolic acids in rats fed cranberry, blueberry, or black raspberry powder.	dietary polyphenolics can be converted into smaller phenolic acids (pa) by microorganisms in the colon and may contribute to health benefits associated with the parent polyphenolics. urinary excretion of 18 pa and their conjugates was studied, using hplc-ms/ms, in rats fed ain93g-based diets containing 5% (dry weight basis) of either cranberry (cb), blueberry (bb), or black raspberry (brb). hippuric, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids were excreted ...	2014	24180593
nonanthocyanin secondary metabolites of black raspberry (rubus occidentalis l.) fruits: identification by hplc-dad, nmr, hplc-esi-ms, and esi-ms/ms analyses.	nonanthocyanin secondary metabolites potentially contributing to the antiproliferative bioactivity of black raspberry ( rubus occidentalis l.) fruits were extracted in ethyl acetate and isolated by semipreparative and analytical hplc and analyzed by nmr, hplc-esi-ms, and esi-ms/ms techniques. here we present complete and partial structures of a variety of the chemical entities such as quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, myricetin glucoside, dihydrokaempferol glucoside, benzoic acid β- ...	2013	24279806
curcumin and anthocyanin inhibit pepsin-mediated cell damage and carcinogenic changes in airway epithelial cells.	laryngopharyngeal reflux (lpr) is associated with inflammatory and neoplastic airway diseases. gastric pepsin internalized by airway epithelial cells during reflux contributes to oxidative stress, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. several plant extracts and compounds inhibit digestive enzymes and inflammatory or neoplastic changes to the esophagus in models of gastroesophageal reflux. this study examined the potential of chemoprotective phytochemicals to inhibit peptic activity and mitigate peps ...	2013	24294686
characterization of black raspberry functional food products for cancer prevention human clinical trials.	our team is designing and fully characterizing black raspberry (brb) food products suitable for long-term cancer prevention studies. the processing, scale-up, and storage effects on the consistency, quality, bioactive stability, and sensory acceptability of two brb delivery systems of various matrices are presented. brb dosage, ph, water activity, and texture were consistent in the scale-up production. confections retained >90% of anthocyanins and ellagitannin after processing. nectars had >69% ...	2014	24345009
evaluation of the jelly processing potential of raspberries adapted in brazil.	generally raspberry products as jams, jellies, and preserves are made with red raspberry, however, yellow raspberry and especially black raspberry are also fruits adapted in brazil, presenting even better productivity and quality. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the processing potential of other varieties of raspberry, but the red, in the preparation of jellies through mixture design and response surface methodology (rsm). these techniques were used to optimize the following 3 variab ...	2014	24467459
topical application of a mucoadhesive freeze-dried black raspberry gel induces clinical and histologic regression and reduces loss of heterozygosity events in premalignant oral intraepithelial lesions: results from a multicentered, placebo-controlled clinical trial.	approximately 30% higher grade premalignant oral intraepithelial neoplasia (oin) lesions will progress to oral cancer. although surgery is the oin treatment mainstay, many oin lesions recur, which is highly problematic for both surgeons and patients. this clinical trial assessed the chemopreventive efficacy of a natural product-based bioadhesive gel on oin lesions.	2014	24486592
de-novo rna sequencing and metabolite profiling to identify genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in korean black raspberry (rubus coreanus miquel).	the korean black raspberry (rubus coreanus miquel, kb) on ripening is usually consumed as fresh fruit, whereas the unripe kb has been widely used as a source of traditional herbal medicine. such a stage specific utilization of kb has been assumed due to the changing metabolite profile during fruit ripening process, but so far molecular and biochemical changes during its fruit maturation are poorly understood. to analyze biochemical changes during fruit ripening process at molecular level, firstl ...	2014	24505466
nmr-based metabolomic investigation of bioactivity of chemical constituents in black raspberry (rubus occidentalis l.) fruit extracts.	black raspberry (rubus occidentalis l.) (br) fruit extracts with differing compound profiles have shown variable antiproliferative activities against ht-29 colon cancer cell lines. this study used partial least-squares (pls) regression analysis to develop a high-resolution (1)h nmr-based multivariate statistical model for discerning the biological activity of br constituents. this model identified specific bioactive compounds and ascertained their relative contribution against cancer cell prolif ...	2014	24520932
chemoprevention of esophageal cancer with black raspberries, their component anthocyanins, and a major anthocyanin metabolite, protocatechuic acid.	diets containing either freeze-dried black raspberries (brbs) or their polyphenolic anthocyanins (acs) have been shown to inhibit the development of n-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (nmba)-induced esophageal cancer in rats. the present study was conducted to determine whether pca, a major microbial metabolite of black raspberry (brb) acs, also prevents nmba-induced esophageal cancer in rats. f344 rats were injected with nmba three times a week for 5 weeks and then fed control or experimental diets con ...	2014	24667581
effects of black raspberry on lipid profiles and vascular endothelial function in patients with metabolic syndrome.	black raspberry (rubus occidentalis) has been known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. however, short-term effects of black raspberry on lipid profiles and vascular endothelial function have not been investigated in patients with metabolic syndrome. patients with metabolic syndrome (n = 77) were prospectively randomized into a group with black raspberry (n = 39, 750 mg/day) and a placebo group (n = 38) during a 12-week follow-up. lipid profiles, brachial artery flow-mediated dil ...	2014	24706588
marketplace analysis demonstrates quality control standards needed for black raspberry dietary supplements.	there is currently no standard for the minimum anthocyanin concentration a black raspberry dietary supplement must contain for legal sale in the us. all consumer available black raspberry products (n = 19), packaged as dietary supplements or otherwise prepared (freeze-dried whole and pre-ground powders), were purchased and analyzed for their anthocyanin composition and concentration. seven of the 19 samples contained no anthocyanins from black raspberry fruit, while three of those seven (without ...	2014	24763926
bioactive compounds or metabolites from black raspberries modulate t lymphocyte proliferation, myeloid cell differentiation and jak/stat signaling.	bioactive phytochemicals from natural products, such as black raspberries (brb; rubus occidentalis), have direct anticancer properties on malignant cells in culture and in xenograft models. brb components inhibit cancer progression in more complex rodent carcinogenesis models. although mechanistic targets for brb phytochemicals in cancer cells are beginning to emerge, the potential role in modulating host immune processes impacting cancer have not been systematically examined. we hypothesized th ...	2014	24893859
the effect of black raspberry extracts on mnsod activity in protection against concanavalin a induced liver injury.	inflammation and oxidative stress are the key events in carcinogenetic transformation. black raspberries (brb) have been demonstrated to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer bioactivities. in this study, a concanavalin a induced hepatitis mouse model is used to examine the effect of brb extract on hepatic injury. three brb extracts, including ethanol/h2o extracts (both anthocyanin-contained fraction and nonanthocyanin-contained fraction) and hexane extract were used. the alterations ...	2014	24911141
mistaken identity: clarification of rubus coreanus miquel (bokbunja).	in the u.s., there has been a recent surge in korean black raspberry products available and in the number of reports about this species appearing in the scientific literature. despite this, the majority of products sold and the work carried out has been on rubus occidentalis l., not r. coreanus miquel. the importance of accurate recognition of all starting material is multiplied for research downstream, including genetics/genomics, plant breeding, phenolic identification, food processing improve ...	2014	25045891
the antimicrobial activity of fruits from some cultivar varieties of rubus idaeus and rubus occidentalis.	raspberries, derived from different cultivar varieties, are a popular ingredient of everyday diet, and their biological activity is a point of interest for researchers. the ethanol-water extracts from four varieties of red (rubus idaeus'ljulin', 'veten', 'poranna rosa') and black (rubus occidentalis'litacz') raspberries were evaluated in the range of their antimicrobial properties as well as phenolic content - sanguiin h-6, free ellagic acid and anthocyanins. the antimicrobial assay was performe ...	2014	25131001
comprehensive evaluation of caspase-14 in vulvar neoplasia: an opportunity for treatment with black raspberry extract.	the aim of this study is to determine the expression of caspase-14, a key protein in maturation of squamous epithelia, in archival malignant and premalignant vulvar squamous lesions and examine in-vitro effects of a black raspberry extract (brb-e) on a vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vscc) cell line.	2014	25256208
comparison of traditional and commercial vinegars based on metabolite profiling and antioxidant activity.	metabolite profiles of seven commercial vinegars and two traditional vinegars were performed by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry with multivariate statistical analysis. during alcohol fermentation, yeast, nuruk, and koji were used as sugars for nutrients and as fermentation substrates. commercial and traditional vinegars were significantly separated in the principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis. six sugars and sugar alcohols, thr ...	2015	25293630
anti inflammatory and anti angiogenic effect of black raspberry extract on human esophageal and intestinal microvascular endothelial cells.	polyphenolic compounds (anthocyanins, flavonoid glycosides) in berries prevent the initiation, promotion, and progression of carcinogenesis in rat's digestive tract and esophagus, in part, via anti-inflammatory pathways. angiogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. in this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of black raspberry extract (bre) on two organ specific primary human intestinal microvascular endothel ...	2015	25446010
anti-inflammatory effect of a standardized triterpenoid-rich fraction isolated from rubus coreanus on dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis in mice and lps-induced macrophages.	rubus coreanus miquel (rosaceae), the korean black raspberry, has traditionally been used to treat inflammatory diseases including diarrhea, asthma, stomach ailment, and cancer. although previous studies showed that the 19α-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids isolated from rubus coreanus exerted anti-inflammatory activities, their effects on ulcerative colitis and mode of action have not been explored. this study was designed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects and the molecular mechanisms invo ...	2014	25446582
a variant of rubus yellow net virus with altered genomic organization.	rubus yellow net virus (rynv) is a member of the genus badnavirus (family: caulimoviridae). rynv infects rubus species causing chlorosis of the tissue along the leaf veins, giving an unevenly distributed netted symptom in some cultivars of red and black raspberry. recently, a strain of rynv was sequenced from a rubus idaeus plant in alberta, canada, exhibiting such symptoms. the viral genome contained seven open reading frames (orfs) with five of them in the sense-strand, including a large polyp ...	2015	25480633
development and characterization of different black raspberry confection matrices designed for delivery of phytochemicals.	three forms of confections containing black raspberries (brb) powder were developed to provide controlled release of phytochemicals for oral disease prevention. our objective was to investigate the impact of varying confection matrices on the release rate of brb phytochemicals. confections were developed and prepared. textural properties of confections were analyzed, compared and correlated with the release rate of phytochemicals from brb confections with in vitro dissolution test. in the result ...	2015	25676542
dietary phenolics against colorectal cancer--from promising preclinical results to poor translation into clinical trials: pitfalls and future needs.	colorectal cancer (crc) remains a major cause of cancer death worldwide. over 70% of crc cases are sporadic and related to lifestyle. epidemiological studies inversely correlate crc incidence with the intake of fruits and vegetables but not with their phenolic content. preclinical studies using in vitro (cell lines) and animal models of crc have reported anticancer effects for dietary phenolics through the regulation of different markers and signaling pathways. herein, we review and contrast the ...	2015	25693744