Publications

coinfection of a fungal pathogen by two distinct double-stranded rna viruses.	unsegmented double-stranded (ds)rna viruses belonging to the family totiviridae persistently infect protozoa and fungi. in this study, two totiviruses were found to coinfect the filamentous fungus sphaeropsis sapinea, a well known pathogen of pines. isometric, virus-like particles approximately 35 nm in diameter were isolated from extracts of this fungus. the nucleotide sequences of the genomes of the two s. sapinea rna viruses named ssrv1 and ssrv2 were established. the linear genomes of 5163 a ...	1998	9878619
sapinofuranones a and b, two new 2(3h)-dihydrofuranones produced by sphaeropsis sapinea, a common pathogen of conifers	two new 5-substituted dihydrofuranones, named sapinofuranones a and b (1 and 2), were isolated from liquid cultures of sphaeropsis sapinea, a phytopathogenic fungus causing a wide range of disease symptoms on conifers. a fungal strain isolated from cupressus macrocarpa produced both 1 and 2 at concentrations higher than those produced by the strain isolated from cupressus sempervirens. bioassay of 1 and 2 gave epinasty and brown discoloration on petioles of tomato leaves, sapwood stain on inner ...	1999	10075753
biotransformation of the trichoderma metabolite 6-n-pentyl-2h-pyran-2-one (6pap) by selected fungal isolates	a variety of fungi were tested for their ability to transform the antifungal trichoderma metabolite 6-n-pentyl-2h-pyran-2-one (6pap) (1). three penicillium isolates, a sclerotinia isolate, and a fusarium isolate were all able to rapidly metabolize 1 and gave mixtures of isomers of monohydroxylated 1 and, in some cases, products resulting from further oxidation to carboxylic acids. among these products were four previously unidentified metabolites (6, 7, 8, and 9) which were isolated and characte ...	1999	10346944
simple sequence repeat markers distinguish among morphotypes of sphaeropsis sapinea.	sphaeropsis sapinea is a fungal endophyte of pinus spp. that can cause disease following predisposition of trees by biotic or abiotic stresses. four morphotypes of s. sapinea have been described from within the natural range of the fungus, while only one morphotype has been identified on exotic pines in the southern hemisphere. the aim of this study was to develop robust polymorphic markers that could be used in both taxonomic and population studies. inter-short-sequence-repeat primers containin ...	2001	11133466
in vitro inhibition of sphaeropsis sapinea by natural stilbenes.	the effects of pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether, pinosylvin dimethyl ether, and resveratrol on the fungal shoot blight and canker pathogen of conifers sphaeropsis sapinea were examined in vitro. effects of compounds, isolates, and concentrations on both conidial germination and mycelial growth were significant (values of p < 0.001), indicating inhibitory activity of these compounds.	2001	11219808
[causal factors of decline disease in exotic pine (pinus taeda and p. elliottii) plantations].	investigation on the cause of the decline of exotic pine plantations in anhui province was carried out from 1995 to 2000. the results showed that the cause might develop from the interaction of three or more sets of factors. the first group of factors called as predisposing factors were high and low temperature and rainfall, poor soil fertility, and excessive soil bulk density, soil moisture, and of stand density; the second group of factors called as inciting factors were insect defoliators, da ...	2001	11758405
sphaeropsidins d and e, two other pimarane diterpenes, produced in vitro by the plant pathogenic fungus sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. cupressi.	two pimarane diterpenes structurally related to sphaeropsidins were isolated from the liquid culture of sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. cupressi, a plant pathogenic fungus causing a form of canker disease of italian cypress (cupressus sempervirens l.). the two metabolites, characterised by spectroscopic methods, were named sphaeropsidins d (0.40 mg l(-1)) and e (0.16 mg l(-1)). the same fungus produced sphaeropsidins a, b and c, sphaeropsidone and episphaeropsidone, which proved to be phytotoxic to c ...	2002	11937160
extension of the j-based configuration analysis to multiple conformer equilibria: an application to sapinofuranone a.	[structure: see text] a new strategy that extends the application of the j-based configuration analysis to systems characterized by multiple conformer equilibria is described and applied to sapinofuranone a (1), a phytotoxic molecule produced by three strains of sphaeropsis sapinea. this method, based on a combination of computational techniques and nmr spectroscopy, uses ab initio calculations to predict a set of theoretical homo- and heteronuclear j values which can be compared against experim ...	2002	12153233
cloning and characterization of a totivirus double-stranded rna from the plant pathogenic fungus, helicobasidium mompa tanaka.	virus-like particles (vlps, named hmtv1-17), about 40 nm in diameter were found in the violet root rot fungus helicobasidium mompa tanaka strain no. 17, which had been isolated from an apple tree. purified preparations of hmtv1-17 contained two species of double-stranded rna (dsrna), designated 17l and 17s. cdnas were constructed from hmtv1-17 genomic dsrnas purified using cf-11 cellulose column chromatography. the sequences of 17l and 17s cdna comprised 5,207 and 2,096 bp, respectively. althoug ...	2003	12876450
multiple gene genealogies and microsatellite markers reflect relationships between morphotypes of sphaeropsis sapinea and distinguish a new species of diplodia.	sphaeropsis sapinea is an opportunistic pathogen causing serious damage to conifers, pre-disposed by adverse environmental conditions or mechanical damage. three different morphological forms of the fungus have been described and are commonly referred to as the a, b and c morphotypes. isolates of the different morphotypes have also been separated based on differences in pathogenicity and molecular characteristics. these differences, however, overlap and have not been considered sufficiently robu ...	2003	12884952
two unrelated double-stranded rna molecule patterns in gremmeniella abietina type a code for putative viruses of the families totiviridae and partitiviridae.	two double stranded (ds) rna molecule patterns, probably of viral origin, were sequenced from gremmeniella abietina var. abietina type a. the genome of gremmeniella abietina rna virus l1 (garv-l1) from isolate hr2 was 5133 bp and contained two open reading frames (orfs). the 5'-proximal orf coded for a putative coat protein (cp) and the 3'-proximal orf encoded putative rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). garv-l1 had sequence similarities with a previously described totivirus (helminthosporium v ...	2003	14648287
studies on structure-activity relationship of sphaeropsidins a-f, phytotoxins produced by sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. cupressi.	six forms of sphaeropsidins (sa-sf), three- and tetra-cyclic unrearranged pimarane diterpenes produced by sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. cupressi, as well as eight derivatives obtained by chemical modification of sa-sc, were assayed for their bioactivity. the effect of each compound on plants which are host or non-host of the pathogen was investigated. activity on some plant pathogenic fungi was also tested. some structure-activity relationships have been identified for both phytotoxic and antifunga ...	2004	14732278
geographic isolation of diplodia scrobiculata and its association with native pinus radiata.	diplodia pinea (syn. sphaeropsis sapinea) is a well-known latent pathogen of pinus spp. with a worldwide distribution. as such, this fungus is native where pines are endemic in the northern hemisphere and it has been introduced into all countries of the southern hemisphere where pines are exotic. the newly described d. scrobiculata (formerly known as the b morphotype of d. pinea) is thought to have a much more limited distribution. d. scrobiculata was first reported as an endophyte and weak path ...	2004	15757175
systemic induction of traumatic resin ducts and resin flow in austrian pine by wounding and inoculation with sphaeropsis sapinea and diplodia scrobiculata.	the potential role of the resin system in the response of austrian pine (pinus nigra arn.) seedlings to mechanical injury and fungal infection was studied in greenhouse experiments. anatomical observations were performed on 2-year-old plants wounded at collar level and inoculated with sphaeropsis sapinea (fr.: fr.) dyko & sutton in sutton or diplodia scrobiculata (j. de wet, b. slippers & m. j. wingfield, sp. nov.; sensu de wet et al. 2003), two fungal pathogens that cause shoot blight and canke ...	2004	15843966
chemical and biological characterisation of sapinopyridione, a phytotoxic 3,3,6-trisubstituted-2,4-pyridione produced by sphaeropsis sapinea, a toxigenic pathogen of native and exotic conifers, and its derivatives.	a phytotoxic trisubstituted 2,4-pyridione, named sapinopyridione, was isolated from the culture filtrates of sphaeropsis sapinea, a fungal pathogen of conifers occurring world-wide. three strains were isolated from two cypress species. strain d-55 isolated from cupressus sempervirens resulted high producer of sapinopyridione (12.3 mg l(-1)), whereas strain d-54 isolated from the same cypress species was low producer (1.1 mg l(-1)); strain d-50 isolated from c. macrocarpa was intermediate produce ...	2006	16712886
organ-dependent induction of systemic resistance and systemic susceptibility in pinus nigra inoculated with sphaeropsis sapinea and diplodia scrobiculata.	systemic induced resistance (sir) is a well-known host defense mechanism against pathogen attack in herbaceous plants, but sir has only recently been documented in conifers. we tested if inoculation of austrian pine (pinus nigra arnold) with sphaeropsis sapinea (fr.:fr.) dyko and sutton or diplodia scrobiculata de wet, slippers and wingfield results in sir or systemic induced susceptibility (sis) to subsequent colonization by s. sapinea. induction at the stem base resulted in significant (p < 0. ...	2007	17241993
ips pini (curculionidae: scolytinae) is a vector of the fungal pathogen, sphaeropsis sapinea (coelomycetes), to austrian pines, pinus nigra (pinaceae).	sphaeropsis sapinea (fr.:fr.) dyko and sutton, is among the most common and widely distributed pathogens of conifers worldwide. s. sapinea is disseminated over short distances by rain splash and moist wind, but significant knowledge gaps regarding long-range dispersal remain. our objective was to determine whether or not the pine engraver beetle, ips pini say, is a vector of the pathogen onto austrian pines (pinus nigra arnold). in 2004 and 2005, individuals of i. pini were collected with pherom ...	2007	17349124
cross-induction of systemic induced resistance between an insect and a fungal pathogen in austrian pine over a fertility gradient.	evidence for cross-induction of systemic resistance or susceptibility in plant-fungus-herbivore interactions is mostly derived from herbaceous model systems and not perennial woody plants. furthermore, the effects of environmental variables such as soil fertility on these tripartite interactions are generally unknown. this study examined cross-induction of systemic resistance in pinus nigra (austrian pine) to infection by sphaeropsis sapinea (a fungal pathogen), or feeding by neodiprion sertifer ...	2007	17453247
[putative mycotoxin-producing fungi isolated from alpataco (prosopis flexuosa) fruits].	fungi contaminant of alpataco (prosopis flexuosa) fruits from la pampa province (argentina) were identified. alternaria alternata and sphaeropsis sapinea were the dominant species. phoma sp., nigrospora sp., preussia minima, cladosporium sp., pithomyces chartarum, epicoccum nigrum, aspergillus niger and aspergillus speluneus were also isolated but with less frequency. twelve strains of alternaria alternata, the toxigenic species with higher incidence, were screened for alternariol (aoh), alterna ...	2007	17592896
chitosan-mediated changes in cell wall composition, morphology and ultrastructure in two wood-inhabiting fungi.	the effect of chitosan on cell wall deposition was investigated in the two wood-inhabiting fungal species trichoderma harzianum (cbs 597.91) and sphaeropsis sapinea (nzfs 2725). the study used three independent analytical techniques to quantify chitin in the fungal mycelium. a colorimetric method for the detection of d-glucosamine was compared with two gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms) methods employing alditol acetates analysis and pyrolysis. the latter used a stable-isotope-labelled ...	2007	17707625
aspergillus mycoviruses are targets and suppressors of rna silencing.	rna silencing can function as a virus defense mechanism in a diverse range of eukaryotes, and many viruses are capable of suppressing the silencing machinery targeting them. however, the extent to which this occurs between fungal rna silencing and mycoviruses is unclear. here, three aspergillus dsrna mycoviruses were partially characterized, and their relationship to rna silencing was investigated. aspergillus virus 1816 is related to agaricus bisporus white button mushroom virus 1 and suppresse ...	2008	18065651
systemic induction of phloem secondary metabolism and its relationship to resistance to a canker pathogen in austrian pine.	the mechanisms and conditions affecting expression of systemic induced resistance (sir) in pine are not clearly understood. two hypotheses were tested here: that sir against a pathogen induced by either a pathogen or an insect involves coordinated shifts in phloem secondary metabolism; and that fertility affects the production of these compounds. to test these hypotheses, a tripartite system was used comprising austrian pine (pinus nigra) grown under three different fertility regimes, the fungal ...	2008	18069955
botryosphaeriaceae as potential pathogens of prunus species in south africa, with descriptions of diplodia africana and lasiodiplodia plurivora sp. nov.	botryosphaeriaceae are common dieback and canker pathogens of woody host plants, including stone fruit trees. in the present study the diversity of members of the botryosphaeriaceae isolated from symptomatic wood of prunus species (plum, peach, nectarine and apricot) was determined in stone fruit-growing areas in south africa. morphological and cultural characteristics as well as dna sequence data (5.8s rdna, its-1, its-2 and ef-1a) were used to identify known members and describe novel members ...	2007	18268901
role of plant enemies in the forestry of indigenous vs. nonindigenous pines.	plantations of rapidly growing trees are becoming increasingly common because the high productivity can enhance local economies, support improvements in educational systems, and generally improve the quality of life in rural communities. landowners frequently choose to plant nonindigenous species; one rationalization has been that silvicultural productivity is enhanced when trees are separated from their native herbivores and pathogens. the expectation of enemy reduction in nonindigenous species ...	2008	18686579
systemic effects of heterobasidion annosum s.s. infection on severity of diplodia pinea tip blight and terpenoid metabolism in italian stone pine (pinus pinea).	three-year-old seedlings of pinus pinea l. were inoculated near the stem base with one of two heterobasidion annosum (fr.) bref. sensu stricto (s.s.) strains belonging to two populations: the north american p-group (nam-p) and the european p-group (eur-p). the nam-p strain caused smaller h. annosum stem lesions than the eur-p strain. three weeks after the stem inoculations with h. annosum, apical shoots were inoculated with diplodia pinea (desmaz.) j. kick. basal stem infection with h. annosum r ...	2008	18765370
effects of fertilization and fungal and insect attack on systemic protein defenses of austrian pine.	despite their economic and ecological importance, defense responses of conifers to pests are little understood. in a 3-year experiment, we monitored systemic fungal (diplodia pinea)- and insect (neodiprion sertifer)-induced defense protein activities and total soluble proteins in needles and phloem of austrian pine (pinus nigra) across a soil fertility gradient. in both years, total soluble protein content of foliage and phloem declined with increasing fertility across induction treatments, whil ...	2008	18839253
detection of latent sphaeropsis sapinea infections in austrian pine tissues using nested-polymerase chain reaction.	abstract sphaeropsis sapinea is the causal agent of sphaeropsis tip blight disease of pines. past surveys of diseased and symptomless austrian and scots pines revealed that latent infections of symptomless shoots by s. sapinea are common. the role of these latent infections in the tip blight disease is unknown. a sampling technique and nested-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol were developed to detect latent s. sapinea in symptomless pine shoots. the sampling protocol was designed to be mi ...	2003	18943610
monoterpene and phenolic compound concentrations in water-stressed red pine inoculated with sphaeropsis sapinea.	abstract changes in monoterpene and phenolic compounds resulting from water stress and colonization by sphaeropsis sapinea were examined for 9- and 11-year-old red pine trees in a plantation and 3-year-old seedlings in a growth chamber. four treatments were assigned at random to individual trees in the field: no treatment, herbicide to kill surrounding weeds, supplemental water, and both herbicide and supplemental water. in the growth chamber, seedlings were either not watered (water stressed) o ...	1998	18944971
differential inhibition of sphaeropsis sapinea morphotypes by a phenolic compound and several monoterpenes of red pine.	abstract the in vitro effects of a red pine phenolic compound (pinosylvin), a phenolic compound common to other species (tannic acid), and the major red pine monoterpenes (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and delta-3-carene) on spore germination and mycelial growth of sphaeropsis sapinea were examined. two a and two b morphotype isolates were used. at 88 mug/mm(2), pinosylvin inhibited spore germination of all four isolates (98 to 100%). at 8.8mug/mm(2), spore germination of b isolates was inhibited m ...	1997	18945077
effects of moderate water stress on disease development by sphaeropsis sapinea on red pine.	abstract the aggressiveness of sphaeropsis sapinea isolates was compared on water-stressed and nonstressed 3-year-old red pines (pinus resinosa) in greenhouse and growth chamber experiments. water was withheld from stressed seedlings to achieve mean predawn needle water potentials (psi(pd)) above -1.9 mpa. the lowest mean psi(pd) of well-watered seedlings was maintained at or above -0.8 mpa. young shoots were inoculated by placing colonized agar plugs on wounds made by removing a needle fascicle ...	1997	18945121
sphaeropsis sapinea and water stress in a red pine plantation in central wisconsin.	abstract a study was conducted to determine the effects of water stress resulting from competing vegetation on disease development of sphaeropsis sapinea in red pine plantations. a 9-year-old plantation was selected in 1992 and experiments were conducted for three consecutive years. four treatments were assigned at random to individual trees: no treatment, herbicide to kill surrounding weeds, supplemental water, and both herbicide and supplemental water. two isolates of each s. sapinea morphotyp ...	1997	18945122
[antifungal sctivities and stability of extracts from culture liquid of hypoxylon perforatum to sphaeropsis sapinea].	our research objective is to obtain the active substances from culture liquid of hypoxylon perforatum with inhibitory effect on sphaeropsis sapinea growth and germination.	2009	19873755
interaction between diplodia pinea and d. scrobiculata in red and jack pine seedlings.	sphaeropsis sapinea sensu lato is a conifer fungal pathogen that causes shoot blight and stem cankers. recently, the former s. sapinea has been divided into two species, diplodia pinea and d. scrobiculata. the aims of the study were to determine the contribution of each species in disease development on red and jack pines by means of co-inoculations and molecular identifications, and to evaluate how the presence of each species affects the development and aggressiveness of the other. symptom sev ...	2011	20955080
characterization of a novel dsrna element in the pine endophytic fungus diplodia scrobiculata.	diplodia scrobiculata and diplodia pinea are endophytic fungi associated with dieback and cankers of mainly pinus spp. in many parts of the world. these two fungi are closely related and have, in the past, been considered to represent two morphological forms (a and b morphotypes) of d. pinea. dsrna elements are known to occur in both d. scrobiculata and d. pinea. two dsrna elements from d. pinea, ssrv1 and ssrv2, have been characterized previously. the aim of this study was to characterize a thi ...	2011	21442227
high-resolution melting analysis: a new molecular approach for the early detection of diplodia pinea in austrian pine.	the differentiation of diplodia pinea from closely related species, such as diplodia scrobiculata and diplodia seriata, and its detection in plant tissue, represented a critical issue for a long time. molecular screening tools have recently been developed to address this topic. in this study we applied one of the most sensitive and rapid diagnostic screening method so far developed, called high-resolution melting analysis (hrma), to detect d. pinea in austrian pine (pinus nigra). hrma exploits d ...	2011	21802051
Diverse sources of infection and cryptic recombination revealed in South African Diplodia pinea populations.	This study considers the population diversity and structure of Diplodia pinea in South Africa at different spatial scales from single trees to plantations, as well as comparing infections on healthy and diseased trees. A total of 236 isolates were characterized using 13 microsatellite markers. Analysis of these markers confirmed previous results that D. pinea has a high level of gene and genotypic diversity in South Africa, with the latter values ranging from 6% to 68% for the different plantati ...	2012	22208606
mat gene idiomorphs suggest a heterothallic sexual cycle in a predominantly asexual and important pine pathogen.	diplodia pinea (=sphaeropsis sapinea) is a well-known and economically important latent pathogen of pinus spp. in many parts of the world. despite intensive scrutiny, its sexual state has never been observed and the fungus has thus been considered exclusively asexual. it was, therefore, surprising that a recent population genetics study showed high genotypic diversity and random association of alleles in a number of populations, suggesting that the pathogen has a cryptic sexual stage. using the ...	2014	24220137
the botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture.	in this paper we give an account of the genera and species in the botryosphaeriaceae. we consider morphological characters alone as inadequate to define genera or identify species, given the confusion it has repeatedly introduced in the past, their variation during development, and inevitable overlap as representation grows. thus it seems likely that all of the older taxa linked to the botryosphaeriaceae, and for which cultures or dna sequence data are not available, cannot be linked to the spec ...	2013	24302790
molecular characterization of a novel victorivirus from the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.	new zealand isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria were examined for the presence of dsrnas and virus-like particles. seven out of nine isolates contained one or more high-molecular-weight dsrnas and all seven contained isometric virus particles ranging in size from 30 to 50 nm. b. bassiana isolate icmp#6887 contained a single dsrna band of ~6 kb and isometric virus-like particles of ~50 nm in diameter. sequencing revealed that the virus from icmp#6887 had a genome of 5,327 nt with tw ...	2014	24327093
ima genome-f 2: ceratocystis manginecans, ceratocystis moniliformis, diplodia sapinea: draft genome sequences of diplodia sapinea, ceratocystis manginecans, and ceratocystis moniliformis.	the draft nuclear genomes of diplodia sapinea, ceratocystis moniliformis s. str., and c. manginecans are presented. diplodia sapinea is an important shoot-blight and canker pathogen of pinus spp., c. moniliformis is a saprobe associated with wounds on a wide range of woody angiosperms and c. manginecans is a serious wilt pathogen of mango and acacia mangium. the genome size of d. sapinea is estimated at 36.97 mb and contains 13 020 predicted genes. ceratocystis moniliformis includes 25.43 mb and ...	2014	25083413
mechanisms of induced susceptibility to diplodia tip blight in drought-stressed austrian pine.	plants experiencing drought stress are frequently more susceptible to pathogens, likely via alterations in physiology that create favorable conditions for pathogens. common plant responses to drought include the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) and the accumulation of free amino acids (aas), particularly proline. these same phenomena also frequently occur during pathogenic attack. therefore, drought-induced perturbations in aa and ros metabolism could potentially contribute to the obs ...	2015	25900028