Publications

active absorption of neutral and basic amino acids by the gill of the common cockle, cerastoderma edule.		1975	236144
occurrence and possible adaptive significance of some histochemically demonstrable dehydrogenases in two entosymbiotic rhabdocoels (platyhelminthes: turbellaria).	1. the occurrence and distribution of twelve dehydrogenases have been studied histochemically in two species of rhabdocoel turbellarians entosymbiotic in marine bivalves. 2. both species (paravortex scrobiculariae in scrobicularia plana and p. cardii in cerastoderma edule) possess dehydrogenases concerned with the three major energy-producing pathways. 3. p. scrobiculariae shows a much greater emphasis on glycolysis than does p. cardii. 4. it is suggested that the emphasis on glycolysis in p. sc ...	1979	318447
[accumulation of metals and mineral particles in the soft tissues of the edible cockle, cerastoderma edule (mollusca. eulamellibranchia). relation to the environment].	there are two types of metallic accumulations. the first type is constant in localisation and composition. the second type is casually encountered, included in hemocyte nodules, changing with environment and some of its components are incorporated in inorganic particles.	1977	406077
biological availability of sediment-bound cadmium to the edible cockle, cerastoderma edule.		2004	519047
the intermediary metabolism of mytilus edulis (l.) and cerastoderma edule (l.) during exposure to the atmosphere [proceedings].		1977	923918
sterols of the cockle cerastoderma edule. evaluation of thermostable liquid phases for the gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the trimethylsilyl ethers of marine sterols.	some recent liquid phases for gas-liquid chromatography with improved thermostability have been evaluated for their use in the gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (gc-ms) analysis of the complex mixtures of sterol trimethylsilyl ethers obtained, often in small amounts, from marine organisms. a combination of dexsil 300 gc, se-30 "ultraphase" and silar 5cp is recommended for use in this technique because of the excellent separating efficiency and the very low substrate bleed. gc-ms anal ...	1975	1117045
occurrence of faecal bacteria, salmonella and antigens associated with hepatitis a virus in shellfish.	an investigation was carried out over a one year period to examine jointly the occurrence of faecal bacteria, salmonella and the presence of antigens associated with the hepatitis a virus (hav) in oysters (crassostrea gigas), mussels (mytilus edulis, mytilus galloprovincialis) and cockles (cerastoderma edule), taken from 8 shellfish farming areas or natural beds along the french coast. for the faecal coliforms (fc) and faecal streptococci (fs), statistical analysis of the 176 samples examined sh ...	1991	1663750
assessment of industrial sewage impacts by adenylate energy charge measurements in the bivalve cerastoderma edule.	laboratory toxicity tests performed on the bivalve cerastoderma edule submitted to sublethal concentrations of paper mill effluent revealed significant decreases of adenylate energy charge (aec), and changes in the total adenylate pool were observed in a 24-hr period even for the lowest concentration of pollutant tested. field transfer experiments of c. edule from a safe zone to polluted areas of the sado estuary were carried out at two different times of the year. close proximity to sewage outf ...	1990	2311556
transmission of a sarcoma in the cockle cerastoderma edule (bivalvia; mollusca) using cell transplants.		1988	3350189
a histological and ultrastructural study of the cells of the mantle edge of a marine bivalve, cerastoderma edule.	the cells of the mantle edge of cerastoderma edule are described after light and electron microscopical observations. histochemical tests for calcium in the mantle edge and digestive gland (dahl, 1952; mcgee-russell, 1958) and analytical electron microscopy of mantle edge of c. edule both failed to show calcium. similar results were obtained for mytilus edulis and chlamys opercularis. however, calcium was detected in the digestive gland of the terrestrial gastropod helix aspersa. the outer secre ...	1981	7330853
the metacercariae of sibling species of meiogymnophallus, including m. rebecqui comb. nov. (digenea: gymnophallidae), and their effects on closely related cerastoderma host species (mollusca: bivalvia).	the morphology and ecology are described for four sibling species of digenean metacercariae: meiogymnophallus minutus (cobbold 1859), m. strigatus (lebour 1908) from the estuarine cockle cerastoderma edule l. and m. fossarum (bartoli, 1965) and m. rebecqui (bartoli, 1983) comb. nov. from the brackish water lagoon cockle c. glaucum (poiret). although occupying different sites within the two species of cockle, both m. minutus and m. fossarum infections result in pathological effects that may cause ...	1996	8832730
high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the imino acids (opines) meso-alanopine and d-strombine in muscle extract of invertebrates.	a sensitive hplc method is presented for the determination of the imino acids alanopine and strombine, anaerobic metabolites that are formed in muscle tissue of several species of invertebrates. the separation of alanopine and strombine was achieved using the alltech oa 2000 cation-exchange column. the analysis of the two opines does not require any complicated derivatization and can be performed in a ph neutralized sulphuric acid solution. the sensitivity of this method is in the range of 100 p ...	1996	8930767
transfer across the human gut of environmental plutonium, americium, cobalt, caesium and technetium: studies with cockles (cerastoderma edule) from the irish sea.	our previous studies have indicated lower values of the gut transfer factor ('f1 values') for plutonium and americium in winkles (littorina littorea) than adopted by icrp. the present study was undertaken primarily to investigate whether this observation extends to other species. samples of cockles (carastoderma edule) from ravenglass, cumbria were eaten by volunteers who provided 24 h samples of urine and faeces. urine samples indicated f1 values for cockles which were higher than for winkles; ...	1998	9656190
ultrastructural studies on the tegument of the metacercariae of meiogymnophallus minutus and meiogymnophallus fossarum (digenea: gymnophallidae) in cerastoderma edule (bivalvia) from portugal.	unencysted metacercariae of meiogymnophallus minutus (cobbold, 1859) and the sibling species meiogymnophallus fossarum (bartoli, 1965) infect the edible cockle, cerastoderma edule (l.), with free metacercariae occurring simultaneously in the same host specimens in portugal. observations on the tegument of both species show that changes in the morphology of the body surface occurs in the intermediate host. scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed an alveoli-like tegument with palmat ...	1998	9714200
interference competition and the functional response of oystercatchers searching for cockles by touch.	we examined interference competition for food in oystercatchers, haematopus ostralegus l., feeding on cockles, cerastoderma edule l., when kleptoparasitism was infrequent. these birds opened cockles by hammering a hole in the shell, searched for them by touch and experienced densities of feeding conspecifics that ranged from 0 to 2362.5 birds/ha. handling times were not significantly correlated with competitor density, but the probability of successfully opening a cockle declined significantly a ...	1998	9784213
bioaccumulation of mycotoxins by shellfish: contamination of mussels by metabolites of a trichoderma koningii strain isolated in the marine environment.	to determine whether toxic metabolites produced by fungi could cause shellfish toxicities, mussels were contaminated in laboratory conditions by sterile filtrates of a liquid culture of a strain of the fungus trichoderma koningii previously isolated from a shellfish, the cockle (cerastoderma edule). mussels were kept in aerated natural seawater and fed with a culture of the microalga isochrysis galbana, to which a filtrate of liquid fungal culture was added. mussels were exposed to contamination ...	1999	9920482
detection of infectious cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) and cockles (cerastoderma edule).	infective cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were detected in mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) and cockles (cerastoderma edule) from a shellfish-producing region (gallaecia, northwest spain, bounded by the atlantic ocean) that accounts for the majority of european shellfish production. shellfish were collected from bay sites with different degrees of organic pollution. shellfish harboring c. parvum oocysts were recovered only from areas located near the mouths of rivers with a high density of gra ...	2000	10788352
the life cycle of monorchis parvus (digenea: monorchiidae) demonstrated by developmental and molecular data.	cercaria cerastodermae i, a digenean parasite of cerastoderma edule, was recorded for the first time in the atlantic ocean off the iberian peninsula. sporocysts were present in the hemolymph of the digestive gland, gonad, gills, and foot of the mollusc. most of the cercariae present within sporocysts were encysted as metacercariae. the corresponding adult stages were obtained after experimental infection of several diplodus sargus artificially reared in fish farms and that had previously been pr ...	2000	10864243
acute and acclimated digestive responses of the cockle cerastoderma edule (l.) to changes in food quality and quantity. i. feeding and absorption of biochemical components.	cockles cerastoderma edule were fed two different concentrations ( approximately 0.8 and 2 mm(3) l(-1)) of two diets with different qualities ( approximately 10 and 60% of organic content) which were achieved by mixing different proportions of ashed silt particles with cells of the microalgae tetraselmis suecica. clearance, ingestion and absorption rates of organic matter and biochemical components were measured after 3 days (acute response) and 11 days (acclimated response) of exposure to the d ...	2000	10967333
acute and acclimated digestive responses of the cockle cerastoderma edule (l.) to changes in the food quality and quantity. ii. enzymatic, cellular and tissular responses of the digestive gland.	cockles cerastoderma edule were fed two different concentrations of two diets with different qualities which were achieved by mixing different proportions of ashed silt particles with cells of the microalgae tetraselmis suecica. after 3 days (acute response) and 11 days (acclimated response) of exposure to the diets, we analysed the digestive activity of the digestive gland using cyto-histological and enzymatic techniques. we measured (i) the volumetric fraction of digestive and basophilic cells ...	2000	10967334
ingested water equilibrates isotopically with the body water pool of a shorebird with unrivaled water fluxes.	we investigated the applicability of (2)h to measure the amount of body water (tbw) and water fluxes in relation to diet type and level of food intake in a mollusk-eating shorebird, the red knot (calidris canutus). six birds were exposed to eight experimental indoor conditions. average fractional (2)h turnover rates ranged between 0. 182 day(-1) (sd = 0.0219) for fasting birds and 7.759 day(-1) (sd = 0.4535) for birds feeding on cockles (cerastoderma edule). average tbw estimates obtained with t ...	2000	11049863
domoic acid in portuguese shellfish and fish.	the presence of domoic acid (da) in portuguese shellfish is a recurrent event that affects shellfish resources several times a year, mainly in spring and autumn. levels of domoic acid as high as twice the regulatory level of 20 microg da/g tissue are not unusual. when several shellfish species are exploited in the same restricted area, common cockle (cerastoderma edule) and carpet shell (venerupis pullastra) are usually amongst the most toxic, followed by peppery furrow shell, clam, mussel, oyst ...	2001	11137551
factors involved in the (near) anoxic survival time of cerastoderma edule: associated bacteria vs. endogenous fuel.	the effect of several antibiotics, molybdate and hydrogen sulfide was tested on anoxic tolerance of the cockle cerastoderma edule, as well as utilisation of glycogen. the aim was to evaluate the role of fuel depletion and growth of bacteria as a cause of mortality. the exponential increase of sulfide and ammonium occurred in anoxic natural seawater incubations and to a lesser extend in artificial, sulfate free, seawater. this could be strongly decreased by antibacterial agents, which led to impr ...	2001	11255106
observations on the effects of barite on the gill tissues of the suspension feeder cerastoderma edule (linné) and the deposit feeder macoma balthica (linné).	barite, an important component of offshore drilling muds, is shown to adversely affect the ctenidia of the suspension feeding bivalve, cerastoderma edule and the deposit feeder, macoma balthica. sem observations showed that exposure to barite caused cilia to shorten and coagulate, and, in some extreme cases, cause the disintegration of the gill structure itself. using a simple ciliary condition index (cci) the impact of the barite was quantified and damage rates expressed. the bivalves were trea ...	2001	11382987
esterification of dsp toxins by portuguese bivalves from the northwest coast determined by lc-ms--a widespread phenomenon.	okadaic acid (oa) and dinophysistoxin-2 (dtx2) were confirmed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection both in extracts of digestive glands and edible parts of portuguese shellfish. no dinophysistoxin-1 was found even in highly contaminated samples examined. however, only in blue mussel (mytilus edulis) were these two parent toxins commonly found in a free form. usually they were found largely esterified in all remaining shellfish species-common cockle (cerastoderma edule), pepp ...	2002	11602276
metals in sediments and the edible cockle cerastoderma edule from two moroccan atlantic lagoons: moulay bou selham and sidi moussa.	metals (cd, cu, pb and zn) were determined over a 3-year period in sediments and bivales cerastoderma edule from two lagoon ecosystems on the moroccan atlantic coastline, moulay bou selham and sidi moussa. sediment metal concentrations were seasonally influenced, and were highest, generally, in winter--possibly signifying an increased contribution from run-off from adjacent arable land and roads. neither site can be considered highly contaminated; however, cd was enriched at sidi moussa, probabl ...	2001	11706788
disseminated neoplasia and large foci indicating heavy haemocytic infiltration in cockles cerastoderma edule from galicia (nw spain).	a histopathological survey was performed to search for the cause of high mortality in the cockle cerastoderma edule in northern rias of galicia (northwestern spain). from limited sampling, 2 severe pathological conditions with high prevalence were found: disseminated neoplasia and the occurrence of numerous, large foci of heavy haemocytic infiltration. both conditions were detected in areas affected by high mortality and were absent (foci of haemocytic infiltration) or with lower prevalence (dis ...	2001	11710555
parasites and pathologic conditions of the cockle cerastoderma edule populations of the coast of galicia (nw spain).	a survey of pathological conditions affecting cockle populations of the most economically important natural beds of galician estuaries in nw spain was performed. samples of 30 adult cockles were collected from each of 34 natural beds in the spring of 1999 and processed by histological techniques. disseminated neoplasia were seen in samples from most of the natural beds, in some cases with a high prevalence. the gregarine nematopsis sp., larval trematode stages, and branchial extracellular large ...	2001	11812111
anoxic survival potential of bivalves: (arte)facts.	the anoxic survival time of the bivalves chamelea gallina, cerastoderma edule and scapharca inaequivalvis from two different ecosystems and differing anoxia tolerances was studied in static (closed) and flow-through systems. the antibiotics chloramphenicol, penicillin and polymyxin were added, and molybdate (specific inhibitor of the process of sulfate reduction). survival in (near) anoxic seawater of chamelea was studied in a static system by comparing untreated seawater with autoclaved seawate ...	2002	11867287
determination of organochlorinated compounds in marine organisms by microwave-assisted extraction with molecular organized systems and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.	microwave-assisted extraction methodology is used to extract different compounds from various kinds of marine solid samples, such as soils, sediments, and organisms. a new analytical method was developed to extract polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans by using a conventional microwave system and the nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene 10 lauryl ether as the extractant as a prior step to liquid chromatography analysis coupled with fluorescence detection. the method was app ...	2013	11878618
pectenotoxin-2 seco acid, 7-epi-pectenotoxin-2 seco acid and pectenotoxin-2 in shellfish and plankton from portugal.	pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (ptx2sa) and 7-epi-pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (7-epi-ptx2sa) were found in portuguese shellfish both by fluorescence detection after adam derivatisation and, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection. two time-series both with blue mussel (mytilus edulis) and common cockle (cerastoderma edule) from aveiro lagoon illustrate how ptx2sa has a strong association with dinophysis acuta occurrence in the plankton, as well as dinophysis fortii. data so far exc ...	2002	12076652
cockle emergence at the sediment surface: 'favourization' mechanism by digenean parasites?	the aim of the present work was to assess the effect of digenean trematodes on indirect mortality of the cockle cerastoderma edule, an infaunal bivalve. the tested hypothesis was that parasites altered the burrowing capacity of cockles and thus exposed them at the sediment surface, where they are more vulnerable to predators. if the predator is the final host, this mechanism, which drives the cockle out of the sediment, is considered as a 'favourization'. cockle populations from 2 stations in ar ...	2002	12542091
cell-free transmission of a haemic neoplasm in the cockle cerastoderma edule.	a haemic neoplasm occurs in populations of the common cockle cerastoderma edule l. along the coast of ireland. the morphology, epizootiology and distribution of the disease have previously been described. the aetiology of the neoplasm is unknown. in this study transmission of the neoplasm between cockles was accomplished using both whole neoplastic cells and neoplastic cell-free homogenates which were filtered through 0.45 microm millipore filters. successful transmission of the disease has been ...	2003	12718472
bivalve immunity: comparisons between the marine mussel (mytilus edulis), the edible cockle (cerastoderma edule) and the razor-shell (ensis siliqua).	much of the current knowledge concerning bivalve immunology and immunotoxicology has come from studies on the mussel genus, mytilus, or from the american oyster, crassostrea virginica. following a major oil spill, it was observed that the marine mussel, mytilus edulis, underwent significant immunosuppression but no oil-induced mortalities, while in contrast, mass mortalities were noted in the edible cockle, cerastoderma edule, and the razor-shell, ensis siliqua. a study comparing immune cells an ...	2003	12892742
comparisons of pah-induced immunomodulation in three bivalve molluscs.	there is growing evidence that contaminants may be partly responsible for the observed increase in disease in marine organisms by adversely affecting their immunity. bivalve molluscs are common sentinels used in invertebrate immunotoxicology, however, to date, studies have been restricted to a few resilient species. this present study is a comparative investigation into the effects of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, phenanthrene, on the immunocompetence of three bivalve species. the commonl ...	2003	12932698
virus-like particles associated with large foci of heavy hemocytic infiltration in cockles cerastoderma edule from galicia (nw spain).		2003	14726246
infection of the cockle cerastoderma edule in the baie des veys (france) by the microsporidian parasite steinhausia sp.	we report the occurrence of the microsporidian parasite steinhausia sp. in the oocytes of the common cockle cerastoderma edule in a natural population in france, where high mortalities occurred. steinhausia sp. appeared primarily as sporocysts containing many small spores, and putative earlier developmental stages were also observed. both its prevalence and infection intensity were low, and no host defence reaction was recognized, suggesting that steinhausia sp. had no detrimental effect on c. e ...	2003	14735931
the detection of chronic biological effects in the marine intertidal bivalve cerastoderma edule, in model ecosystem studies with pulverised fuel ash: reproduction and histopathology.	the cockle cerastoderma edule was exposed to sediments variously comprised of pulverised fuel ash (pfa) for two consecutive periods of 3 and 9 months. chronic effects of pfa on this filter feeding bivalve were studied by examining changes in cellular and tissue pathology with the aid of a screening procedure developed for analysing histopathology conditional. the mortality rate was high, up 43% for the 100% pfa sediment and growth of the individual bivalves was low. the accumulation of metals ap ...	1994	15091676
the accumulation of metals and their toxicity in the marine intertidal invertebrates cerastoderma edule, macoma balthica, arenicola marina exposed to pulverised fuel ash in mesocosms.	in order to investigate the accumulation of metals and related biological effects from pulverized fuel ash (pfa), three intertidal benthic invertebrates were used in exposure studies with different mixtures of pfa sediments. after the first run of 90 days, high mortality was found in the lugworm arenicola marina. after intermittent exposure to pfa, high mortality was also found for the cockle cerastoderma edule. no mortality occurred with the baltic tellin macoma balthica. metal accumulation dif ...	1990	15092243
interspecific variation of metal concentrations in three bivalve mollusks from galicia.	there has been growing concern about the inflow of metals to the coastal areas because they can be toxic to aquatic and human life. some studies have demonstrated the existence of species-specific differences in the metal concentrations of mollusks. we compared metal concentrations between mytilus galloprovincialis, used as a water quality indicator, and two other bivalve species collected for human consumption (venerupis pullastra and cerastoderma edule) in different locations on the galician c ...	2004	15386128
a novel pectenotoxin, ptx-12, in dinophysis spp. and shellfish from norway.	two novel pectenotoxins (ptxs) were detected by lc-ms in solid phase extracts of net hauls taken at flødevigen, norway, in june 2002 that were dominated by dinophysis acuminata and dinophysis norvegica. the new compounds were isolated as minor components from a large collection of a dinophysis acuta-dominated bloom obtained from skjer, sognefjorden, norway, in october 2002. lc-ms and nmr analyses revealed that the new components, 36s-ptx-12 and 36r-ptx-12, occurred as a pair of equilibrating dia ...	2004	15540940
geochemical survey and metal bioaccumulation of three bivalve species (crassostrea gigas, cerastoderma edule and ruditapes philippinarum) in the nord medoc salt marshes (gironde estuary, france).	a 15-month experiment combining a geochemical survey of cd, cu, zn and hg with a bioaccumulation study for three filter-feeding bivalve species (oysters, crassostrea gigas; cockles, cerastoderma edule; and clams, ruditapes philippinarum) was conducted in a breeding basin of the nord medoc salt marshes connected to the gironde estuary, which is affected by historic polymetallic pollution. regular manual surface measurements of temperature, salinity, ph and dissolved o(2) concentration and hourly ...	2005	15626396
proteomic approach to probe for larval proteins of the mussel mytilus galloprovincialis.	a proteomic approach was used to search for larval proteins specific to the mussel mytilus galloprovincialis from galicia in northwest spain. the study included both a comparative analysis, through two-dimensional electrophoresis, of protein expression maps of the larvae of the mussel and of 5 abundant and commercially important bivalve species from the region (ostrea edulis, cerastoderma edule, pecten maximus, tapes decussatus, and venarupis pullastra) and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis ...	2005	15976943
cerastoderma glaucum 5s ribosomal dna: characterization of the repeat unit, divergence with respect to cerastoderma edule, and pcr-rflps for the identification of both cockles.	the 5s rdna repeat unit of the cockle cerastoderma glaucum from the mediterranean and baltic coasts was pcr amplified and sequenced. the length of the units was 539-568 bp, of which 120 bp were assigned to the 5s rrna gene and 419-448 bp to the spacer region, and the g/c content was 46%-49%, 54%, and 44%-47%, respectively. two types of units (a and b), differing in the spacer, were distinguished based on the percentage of differences and clustering in phylogenetic trees. a pcr assay with specifi ...	2005	16121240
urosporidium sp. hyperparasite of the turbellarian paravortex cardii in the cockle cerastoderma edule.	cysts with spores showing different degree of maturity and a single plasmodium were observed in the connective tissue of the turbellarian paravortex cardii located in the digestive lumen of the cockle cerastoderma edule. the study of spore morphology by transmission electron microscopy revealed that they correspond to an haplosporidian belonging to the genus urosporidium. spore ornaments were similar to those described from urosporidium spisuli, infecting a nematode parasite of the atlantic surf ...	2005	16214165
distribution of aliphatic compounds in bivalve mollusks from galicia after the prestige oil spill: spatial and temporal trends.	the content and distribution of n-alkane (c8-c35) and isoprenoid (pristane and phytane) hydrocarbons were investigated in two species of bivalve mollusk, mussel (mytilus galloprovincialis) and cockle (cerastoderma edule), collected at different points of the galicia littoral zone during the period from december 2002 to february 2003 (after the prestige oil spill). samples were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. the highest levels were found ...	2006	16253223
impact of digenean parasite infection on metallothionein synthesis by the cockle (cerastoderma edule): a multivariate field monitoring.	metallothioneins (mt) are proteins that play an important role in metabolism of essential metals and detoxification of trace metals from living organisms. their synthesis is induced by metal pollution but can also be exacerbated by other factors such as reproduction processes. in this context, we monitored mt concentrations in a cockle cerastoderma edule (marine bivalve) population and highlighted the effect of a castrating digenean parasite, labratrema minimus. in spent cockles, mt levels were ...	2006	16257015
[structure and bioassessment of benthic communities of a lagoonal ecosystem of the atlantic moroccan coast].	the merja zerga lagoon is a semi-enclosed marine ecosystem in which various types of human activities have been developed. this paper characterizes the biosedimentary units of the lagoon and defines a reference status of the quality and health of the macrozoobenthic communities that can be used as bioindicators of the quality of the global marine environment. specific and functional diversity were high: 147 taxa were identified; they were distributed within seven main trophic groups. trophic str ...	2005	16286087
differential dynamics of dinophysistoxins and pectenotoxins, part ii: offshore bivalve species.	different dinophysistoxin's profiles have been found repeatedly amongst some offshore bivalve molluscs. species such as the clam, spisula solida, esterify dinophysistoxins to a great extent, and contain always more okadaic acid (oa) than dinophysistoxin-2 (dtx2). in contrast, the clam donax trunculus has a much higher percentage of non-esterified toxins, and often contains more dtx2 than oa. a detoxification experiment with d. trunculus and s. solida showed that the higher percentage of dtx2 in ...	2006	16321414
flow cytometric dna content analysis of neoplastic cells in haemolymph of the cockle cerastoderma edule.	epizootiological outbreaks of disseminated neoplasia (dn) have been reported in association with mass mortalities in various bivalve species including the cockle cerastoderma edule. a flow cytometric (fcm) procedure to study dna content was successfully adapted and tested in haemolymph cells (haemocytes and neoplastic cells) of the cockle. the fcm results were similar to those obtained by histological analysis (dn diagnosis and haemolymph cell features). fcm analysis revealed differences in dna ...	2005	16385819
liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry--detection of lipophilic shellfish toxins.	a rapid multiple toxin method based on liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (lc/ms) was developed for the detection of okadaic acid (oa), dinophysistoxin-1 (dtx-1), dtx-2, yessotoxin (ytx), homoytx, 45-hydroxy-ytx, 45-hydroxyhomo-ytx, pectenotoxin-1 (ptx-1), ptx-2, azaspiracid-1 (aza-1), aza-2, and aza-3. toxins were extracted from shellfish using methanol-water (80%, v/v) and were analyzed using a c8 reversed-phase column with a 5 mm ammonium acetate-acetonitrile mobile phase under grad ...	2016	16385985
interaction between non-specific electrostatic forces and humoral factors in haemocyte attachment and encapsulation in the edible cockle, cerastoderma edule.	in invertebrates, encapsulation is the common immune defence reaction towards foreign bodies, including multicellular parasites, which enter the haemocoel and are too large to be phagocytosed. this immune response has been most extensively studied in insects, in which it is highly complex, involving a diversity of cellular and molecular processes, but little is known of this process in bivalve molluscs. non-specific physicochemical properties are known to influence parasite-haemocyte interaction ...	2006	16547303
molecular fingerprinting of vibrio tapetis strains using three pcr-based methods: eric-pcr, rep-pcr and rapd.	brown ring disease (brd) is a bacterial disease caused by vibrio tapetis which affects cultured clams and causes heavy economic losses. in this study, 28 v. tapetis strains isolated from 5 different hosts were intraspecifically characterized by 3 different polymerase chain reaction- (pcr-) based typing methods: enterobacteria repetitive intergenic consensus (eric)-pcr, repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-pcr and randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-pcr. cluster analysis of genetic profi ...	2006	16724561
digenean larvae parasitizing cerastoderma edule (bivalvia) and nassarius reticulatus (gastropoda) from ria de aveiro, portugal.	this work reviews the significant community of digenean trematodes observed infecting the edible cockle, cerastoderma edule, and the snail nassarius reticulatus in the channel of s. jacinto, ria de aveiro estuary, portugal. the digenea observed comprise 15 species, belonging to the families bucephallidae (1), echinostomatidae (4), gymnophallidae (3), lepocreadiidae (1), microphallidae (1), monorchiidae (1), renicolidae (1), strigeidae, (1), and zoogonidae (2). the species were studied by light m ...	2006	16729689
an evaluation of the relative sensitivity of two marine bivalve mollusc species using the comet assay.	the aim of this study was to (a) evaluate the potential for the 'comet assay' to be used as a method for detecting genetic damage in the common cockle cerastoderma edule; and (b) to compare the relative sensitivity with mytilus edulis as the bivalve widely used as a sentinel species in biomonitoring studies. in vitro validation studies were carried out on haemocytes from each species using hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), a known oxidant and the induced dna damage was measured using the comet assay. on ...	2006	16759689
first record and description of metacercariae of curtuteria arguinae n. sp. (digenea: echinostomatidae), parasite of cockles cerastoderma edule (mollusca: bivalvia) in arcachon bay, france.	a new himasthlinae species, curtuteria arguinae, is described as metacercariae from the cockle cerastoderma edule (l.), collected at banc d'arguin (southwestern france). these metacercariae encysted preferentially in the mantle and also in the foot of cockles. encysted and chemically excysted metacercariae were studied by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. excysted metacercariae were elongated and curved ventrally. they bore a 33-spine circumoral collar. sensory pap ...	2006	16884002
mercury content in tinned molluscs (mussel, cockle, variegated scallop, and razor shell) normally consumed in spain, 2005.	concentrations of mercury were determined for tinned molluscs (mollusca, bivalvia), i.e., mussels (mytilus spp.), cockles (cerastoderma edule), variegated scallops (chlamys varia), and razor shells (ensis spp.), consumed in spain. a total of 220 samples were analyzed: 120 mussels, 40 cockles, 24 variegated scallops, and 36 razor shells. samples were obtained weekly from markets in santa cruz de tenerife (canary islands) over a period of 12 months. all observed concentrations of mercury were belo ...	2006	16995530
spatial heterogeneity in parasite infections at different spatial scales in an intertidal bivalve.	spatial heterogeneities in the abundance of free-living organisms as well as in infection levels of their parasites are a common phenomenon, but knowledge on parasitism in invertebrate intermediate hosts in this respect is scarce. we investigated the spatial pattern of four dominant trematode species which utilize a common intertidal bivalve, the cockle cerastoderma edule, as second intermediate host in their life cycles. sampling of cockles from the same cohort at 15 sites in the northern wadde ...	2007	17004055
evidence of an altered protective effect of metallothioneins after cadmium exposure in the digenean parasite-infected cockle (cerastoderma edule).	the aim of the present study was to analyse the relation between parasitism and subsequent metallothioneins (mt) in the case of metal contamination. experimental exposure of parasitized and unparasitized cockles (cerastoderma edule) to cadmium (cd) was performed, with the cockle as first or second intermediate host of 2 digenean species. after 7 days of cd exposure in microcosms, cockles infected as first intermediate host by labratrema minimus exhibited metal concentrations in tissues double th ...	2007	17032474
habitat and transmission--effect of tidal level and upstream host density on metacercarial load in an intertidal bivalve.	transmission of parasites may be mediated by their habitat, consisting of abiotic and biotic components. i investigated the effect of 2 important habitat components in intertidal ecosystems, tidal level (abiotic) and density of upstream hosts (biotic), on the transmission of trematode cercariae to cockle (cerastoderma edule) hosts. a field survey showed no general trend in metacercarial loads of cockles regarding tidal level but species-dependent reactions. parasites originating from littorina l ...	2007	17076926
evidence of retroviral etiology for disseminated neoplasia in cockles (cerastoderma edule).	epizootiologic outbreaks of disseminated neoplasia have been reported in association with massive mortalities of various bivalve species. in cockles, cerastoderma edule, this pathological condition was described in ireland and france. since 1997, different populations affected by this pathology have been detected in galicia (nw spain). transmission electron microscopy allowed the visualization of virus-like particles in neoplastic cells, resembling a retrovirus-like agent. to confirm this hypoth ...	2007	17092515
shellfish dredging pushes a flexible avian top predator out of a marine protected area.	there is a widespread concern about the direct and indirect effects of industrial fisheries; this concern is particularly pertinent for so-called "marine protected areas" (mpas), which should be safeguarded by national and international law. the intertidal flats of the dutch wadden sea are a state nature monument and are protected under the ramsar convention and the european union's habitat and birds directives. until 2004, the dutch government granted permission for ~75% of the intertidal flats ...	2006	17105350
effect of temperature on emergence, survival and infectivity of cercariae of the marine trematode renicola roscovita (digenea: renicolidae).	marine bivalves harbour a diversity of trematode parasites affecting population and community dynamics of their hosts. although ecologically and economically important, factors influencing transmission between first (snail) and second (bivalve) intermediate hosts have rarely been studied in marine systems. in laboratory experiments, the effect of temperature (10, 15, 20, 25 degrees c) was investigated on (1) emergence from snails, (2) survival outside hosts and (3) infectivity in second intermed ...	2006	17240753
development and validation of a rapid headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of diethyl ether and acetone residues in tween extracts of shellfish intended for mouse bioassay for diarrhoetic toxins.	a validated analytical method using headspace capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, which utilises deuterated analogues of the target analytes as internal standards has been developed and applied to the determination of acetone and diethyl ether in tween extracts of cockles (cerastoderma edule) and mussels (mytilus edulis) destined for mouse bioassay for lipophilic toxins. the optimal conditions for headspace incubation were 50 degrees c for 6 min. the limits of detecti ...	2007	17499755
effects of body-size and season on digestive organ size and the energy balance of cockles fed with a constant diet of phytoplankton.	seasonal variation in size-dependence of seawater clearance rate, absorption efficiency, oxygen consumption, gill area, length of the crystalline style and dry weight of digestive gland was analyzed in cockles cerastoderma edule from the mundaka estuary, spain. experimental determinations were performed monthly (from july 1998 to november 1999) in cockles being fed with tetraselmis suecica (organic content: 87.84 +/- 1.95%) at a concentration of 3 mm(3)/l for 3 days. analysis of covariance revea ...	2008	18193430
the human alimentary tract transfer and body retention of environmental polonium-210.	this paper presents the results of a 4 year study to investigate the human alimentary tract transfer factor (f(a) value) and body retention of 210 po in shellfish. in the first 3 years, mussels (mytilus edulis l.), cockles (cerastoderma edule l.) and brown meat from crab (cancer pagurus l.) were successively studied. in each year five volunteers (from a pool of seven) ate a suitable portion of the shellfish and provided 24 h samples of excreta usually for 3 days before and for at least 7 days du ...	2007	18268372
monitoring of trace metal contamination in the souss estuary (south morocco) using the clams cerastoderma edule and scrobicularia plana.	concentrations of seven metals (cd, cu, cr, pb, ni, zn, hg) were monitored monthly during 2 years in two bivalves, cerastoderma edule and scrobicularia plana collected from the souss estuary (south morocco) before and after the commissioning of a sewage treatment plant in november 2002. according to trace metals, changes in concentrations were observed mainly in s. plana, characterised by a decrease of cu, hg and pb when cd was clearly increasing. conversely, no clear changes were observed in c. ...	2008	18292952
confirmation by lc-ms/ms of azaspiracids in shellfish from the portuguese north-western coast.	the search for azaspiracids (azas) in shellfish on the portuguese coast started in 2002, but the presence of these toxins could not be demonstrated until the summer of 2006. analysis by liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) allowed the confirmation of aza2 as a dominant compound, followed by aza1, in blue mussel (mytilus galloprovincialis), common cockle (cerastoderma edule), clams (venerupis senegalensis, ruditapes decussatus), razor clam (solen marginatus) and oyster (crass ...	2008	18471847
ambient fauna impairs parasite transmission in a marine parasite-host system.	to understand possible factors controlling transmission of trematode larvae between first and second intermediate hosts we examined the impact of ambient fauna on parasite transmission in a marine intertidal parasite-host association. cockle hosts (cerastoderma edule) kept together with selected co-occurring macrozoobenthic species in mesocosms acquired a lower parasite load compared to cockles kept alone, when targeted by cercariae of the trematode himasthla elongata. the reduction of parasite ...	2008	18561867
anaerobic survival potential of four bivalves from different habitats. a comparative survey.	a comparative survey of the anaerobic survival potential of four different bivalve species and the interference of associated bacteria has been carried out. individuals from both subtidal and intertidal environments were considered by selecting the following species: mytilus edulis (subtidal epifaunal), spisula subtruncata (subtidal infaunal), macoma balthica (intertidal infaunal) and cerastoderma edule (intertidal infaunal). anaerobiosis was simulated in the laboratory by subjecting individuals ...	2008	18593601
identification and description of bucephalus minimus (digenea: bucephalidae) life cycle in portugal: morphological, histopathological, and molecular data.	the cercaria of bucephalus minimus infects the digestive gland and gonads of its first intermediate host, the edible cockle, cerastoderma edule. light microscopy (lm) and scanning electron microscopy (sem) of the cercaria showed a tail formed by a central stem, with 2 long contractile arms presenting distinct morphological surfaces. the encysted metacercaria naturally infected the flathead grey mullet, mugil cephalus. the cysts found in the heart, liver, and spleen were shown to be identical by ...	2009	18710298
the macrobenthic community along a mercury contamination in a temperate estuarine system (ria de aveiro, portugal).	mercury is a widely distributed environmental pollutant and a toxic element to all living organisms. this study represents an attempt to evaluate its correlation with the macrobenthic community structure in a temperate estuarine system, the ria de aveiro (portugal). the macrobenthic community structure showed significant differences along the mercury gradient. overall, the increase of mercury contamination was associated with reduced total abundance, lower species richness, and dominance of tole ...	2008	18765161
oxidative stress responses in bivalves (scrobicularia plana, cerastoderma edule) from the oued souss estuary (morocco).	the aim of this work was to study the responses of oxidative-stress biomarkers (catalase: cat, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances: tbars) in bivalves (scrobicularia plana and cerastoderma edule) from the oued souss estuary (morocco). this estuary, subjected to large amounts of sewage discharges and industrial effluents, do not receive since november 2002 any waste outlets due to their connection to a wastewater purification plant. high cat and tbars values were recorded in both species coll ...	2009	18995904
distance decay of similarity among parasite communities of three marine invertebrate hosts.	the similarity in species composition between two communities generally decays as a function of increasing distance between them. parasite communities in vertebrate definitive hosts follow this pattern but the respective relationship in intermediate invertebrate hosts of parasites with complex life cycles is unknown. in intermediate hosts, parasite communities are affected not only by the varying vagility of their definitive hosts (dispersing infective propagules) but also by the necessary coinc ...	2009	19189130
morphological and molecular studies on life cycle stages of diphtherostomum brusinae (digenea: zoogonidae) from northern portugal.	diphtherostomum brusinae was first recorded by the present study in the north of portugal. sporocysts, containing cercariae and encysted metacercariae, were observed in the gonads and digestive gland of the gastropod nassarius reticulatus. metacercariae were also found infecting the foot, mantle border and gills of the cockle cerastoderma edule. the adult form was lodged in the rectum of the definitive host diplodus sargus. the morphology of the three parasitic stages was studied by light (lm) a ...	2009	19265558
digenean trematodes-marine mollusc relationships: a stable isotope study.	the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of digenean trematode parasites and their marine mollusc hosts was investigated to describe the potential influence of parasites on their host and its different tissues, and to obtain further insight into their trophic relationships. four parasite-host systems were studied: labratrema minimus-cerastoderma edule, monorchis parvus-c. edule, lepocreadiidae parasites-nassarius reticulatus and zoogonidae parasites-n. reticulatus. among the 4 samplin ...	2009	19419008
diopatra neapolitana (polychaeta: onuphidae) as a second intermediate host of gymnophallus choledochus (digenea: gymnophallidae) in the aveiro estuary (portugal): distribution within the host and histopathology.	this is the first host record of gymnophallus choledochus metacercariae infecting the polychaete diopatra neapolitana in the aveiro estuary (portugal). the metacercariae were found unencysted, and their morphology is similar to that presented by metacercariae harbored by nereis diversicolor and cerastoderma edule, although they are larger in size. in d. neapolitana, the prevalence and mean intensity of the infection was very high, at 100% and 202 +/- 139 metacercariae per host, respectively, sug ...	2009	19441876
intrapopulational distribution of meiogymnophallus minutus (digenea, gymnophallidae) infections in its first and second intermediate host.	host size and age are generally assumed to play a pivotal role in digenean trematode infection patterns, accounting for much of the variation found within intermediate host populations. however, knowledge is based on a limited number of studied host-parasite systems. we investigated the shell length class distribution of meiogymnophallus minutus infections within populations of the first intermediate host scrobicularia plana and second intermediate host cerastoderma edule. infections occurred ve ...	2009	19575218
metabolites of saxitoxin analogues in bivalves contaminated by gymnodinium catenatum.	bivalve metabolites of saxitoxin analogues, not present in microalgae, were recently described as an important toxin fraction in mussels contaminated by alexandrium tamarense. these possess very low fluorescence, and require mass spectrometry detection. hilic-ms was implemented to look for these metabolites in bivalves contaminated during gymnodinium catenatum blooms at the portuguese coast. the presence of m1 was tentatively identified in several bivalves, ranging from estuarine (mytilus gallop ...	2010	19622366
brominated dioxins (pbdd/fs) and pbdes in marine shellfish in the uk.	the occurrence of brominated dioxins (pbdd/fs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) was investigated in commonly consumed species of marine shellfish in the uk. individual samples of pacific oysters (crassostrea gigas), native oysters (ostrea edulis), mussels (mytilus edulis), scallops (pecten maximus), and cockles (cerastoderma edule) were collected from different coastal regions between 2006 and 2007. samples of a particular species from each site were composited and 60 samples were anal ...	2009	19680967
effect of some habitual cooking processes on the domoic acid concentration in the cockle (cerastoderma edule) and manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum).	the effect of cooking on the concentration and burden of domoic acid in two bivalve molluscs was studied. the manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum) and cockle (cerastoderma edule) were subjected to steaming and boiling, respectively. in both cases, factorial plans were used to evaluate the effects of common cooking methods and the variations likely to take place during the cooking procedure (cooking time and salt concentration in both species, in addition to ethanol percentage in manila clam). t ...	2009	19680984
profiles of fatty acids and 7-o-acyl okadaic acid esters in bivalves: can bacteria be involved in acyl esterification of okadaic acid?	the presence of 7-o-acyl okadaic acid (oa) esters was studied by lc-ms in the digestive glands of blue mussel (mytilus galloprovincialis) and common cockle (cerastoderma edule) from albufeira lagoon, located 20km south of lisbon. the profile of free and total fatty acids (fa) was analysed using a similar lc separation with a reversed phase c8 column and mass spectrometry detection. in mussel the free fa profile was reflected in the fa esterified to oa, being palmitic acid for instance the most a ...	2010	19686865
interactive effects of metal contamination and pathogenic organisms on the marine bivalve cerastoderma edule.	the present study evaluated the interactive effects of cadmium contamination and pathogenic organisms (trematodes himasthla elongata and bacteria vibrio tapetis) singularly and in combination during 7 days on the bivalve cerastoderma edule. some defense-related activities were analyzed such as genetic expression, metallothionein and immune responses. trematode metacercarial infection, similar whatever the treatment, induced the strongest responses of immune parameters. particularly, the interact ...	2010	20031177
autochthonous clams monitoring of ganzirri lake (sicily).	two autochthonous clams, venerupis aurea laeta and cerastoderma edule/glaucum, collected for a period of 1 year, from may 2007 to january 2008, were studied in the cape peloro lagoon. on the samples, it was evaluated the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and proteins, lipids and yield edible part were determined. it was evaluated the concentration of mineral elements (cd, cu, mn, se, pb, zn) and organic contaminants (∑ddt and pcbs). salmonella is never present in any sample. total and faecal ...	2010	20033279
short-term metallothionein inductions in the edible cockle cerastoderma edule after cadmium or mercury exposure: discrepancy between mrna and protein responses.	metallothioneins (mt) are essential metal binding proteins involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification in living organisms. numerous studies have focused on mt response to metal exposure and showed an important variability according to species, metal, concentration and time of exposure. in this study, the expression of one isoform of mt gene (cemt1) and associated mt protein synthesis were determined after 1, 3, 9, 24, 72 and 168h of cadmium (cd) or mercury (hg) exposures in gills of the co ...	2010	20045202
genotyping of hepatitis a virus detected in bivalve shellfish in galicia (nw spain).	hepatitis a virus (hav) represents a significant public health problem due to its high persistence in the environment and its transmission through contaminated water and food. bivalve shellfish are filter feeders that can bioaccumulate human pathogens found in contaminated waters, their consumption being a potential cause of hepatitis a outbreaks. in this work, cultured and wild bivalve shellfish from the ría de vigo (galicia, nw spain) were analysed for the presence and genotyping of hav. a tot ...	2010	20057087
temporal variation of meiogymnophallus minutus infections in the first and second intermediate host.	in order to study seasonal patterns of meiogymnophallus minutus infections in its intermediate hosts, bivalve samples were collected monthly between april 2008 and march 2009 from a high intertidal flat at courtmacsherry bay, ireland. infection rates in the first intermediate host scrobicularia plana did not fluctuate significantly with season. completely developed m. minutus cercariae appeared in daughter sporocysts from june and prevailed from july to october, indicating that transmission of m ...	2010	20113534
prevalence, intensity, and aneuploidy patterns of disseminated neoplasia in cockles (cerastoderma edule) from arcachon bay: seasonal variation and position in sediment.	the present report presents the first evidence of disseminated neoplasia (dn) in cockles cerastoderma edule from arcachon bay (france). aneuploidy of neoplastic cells allowed the use of flow cytometry (fcm) to diagnose and stage dn. a 1year survey (2007) of the prevalence and intensity (% of aneuploid circulating cells in neoplastic cockles) was conducted. prevalences ranged from 2.2% (june) to 13.6% (may), and disease intensity ranged from 18.7% (june) to 95.5% (september). these percentages we ...	2010	20159021
population structure and growth rates at biogeographic extremes: a case study of the common cockle, cerastoderma edule (l.) in the barents sea.	a descriptive study of population structure, growth rates and shell morphometry was conducted on nine intertidal populations of the infaunal bivalve cerastoderma edule in the murmansk coast of the barents sea. year-to-year population dynamics was analyzed during 2002-2006 on a tidal flat dalniy plaj (eastern murmansk coast). the region constitutes the northern extremes of c. edule range where populations occupied the middle to low intertidal zone and were characterized by low densities. the dist ...	2010	20347100
the role of environmental variables in structuring landscape-scale species distributions in seafloor habitats.	ongoing statistical sophistication allows a shift from describing species' spatial distributions toward statistically disentangling the possible roles of environmental variables in shaping species distributions. based on a landscape-scale benthic survey in the dutch wadden sea, we show the merits of spatially explicit generalized estimating equations (gee). the intertidal macrozoobenthic species, macoma balthica, cerastoderma edule, marenzelleria viridis, scoloplos armiger, corophium volutator, ...	2010	20583700
use of three bivalve species for biomonitoring a polluted estuarine environment.	estuaries are marine areas at great contamination risk due to their hydrodynamic features. pah are wide and ubiquitous contaminants with a high presence in these marine environments. chemical analysis of sediments can provide information, although it does not give a direct measure of the toxicological effect of such contaminants in the biota. samples of venerupis pullastra, cerastoderma edule, and mytilus galloprovincialis were collected from two locations in corcubión estuary (norhwest of spain ...	2011	20686838
morphological and molecular analysis of metacercariae of diphtherostomum brusinae (stossich, 1888) stossich, 1903 from a new bivalve host mytilus galloprovincialis.	the digenean trematode diphtherostomum brusinae (stossich, 1888) stossich, 1903 presents a complex life cycle that may involve more than one intermediate host. the present study represents the first description of the metacercariae from d. brusinae infecting the labial palps of a new intermediate host, mytilus galloprovincialis, in the aveiro estuary, portugal. the morphology of this parasitic stage was studied by light (lm) and scanning electron microscopy (sem) and some differences were report ...	2010	20701832
evaluation of the potential of the common cockle (cerastoderma edule l.) for the ecological risk assessment of estuarine sediments: bioaccumulation and biomarkers.	common cockles (cerastoderma edule, l. 1758, bivalvia: cardiidae) were subjected to a laboratory assay with sediments collected from distinct sites of the sado estuary (portugal). cockles were obtained from a mariculture site of the sado estuary and exposed through 28-day, semi-static, assays to sediments collected from three sites of the estuary. sediments from these sites revealed different physico-chemical properties and levels of metals and organic contaminants, ranging from unimpacted (the ...	2010	20717720
expression of mutant protein p53 and hsp70 and hsp90 chaperones in cockles cerastoderma edule affected by neoplasia.	high prevalence of disseminated neoplasia has been found in cockles cerastoderma edule of galicia (nw spain). disseminated neoplasia has been associated with high mortalities of various bivalve species. in vertebrates, proteins such as p53 and heat shock proteins (hsps) play important roles in carcinogenesis. the protein p53 has been detected in neoplastic cells of bivalve molluscs such as mytilus edulis, mytilus trossulus, mya arenaria, spisula solidissima, crassostrea rhizophorae and crassostr ...	2010	20815330
modelling shellfish growth with dynamic energy budget models: an application for cockles and mussels in the oosterschelde (southwest netherlands).	dynamic energy budget models for growth of individual cockles (cerastoderma edule) and mussels (mytilus edulis) are adjusted and calibrated to the oosterschelde by formulating and parametrizing their functional responses using an extensive set of field observations. the resulting model predictions fit the observations satisfactorily. results indicate that food quality and the importance of detritus as a food source are site-specific as well as species-specific. despite these differences in their ...	2010	20921054
source and impact of lead contamination on δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in several marine bivalve species along the gulf of cadiz.	coastal areas and estuaries are particularly sensitive to metal contamination from anthropogenic sources and in the last few decades the study of space-time distribution and variation of metals has been extensively researched. the gulf of cadiz is no exception, with several rivers draining one of the largest concentrations of sulphide deposits in the world, the iberian pyrite belt (ipb). of these rivers, the guadiana, one of the most important in the iberian peninsula, together with smaller rive ...	2010	20965582
comparison of antibacterial activity in the hemolymph of marine bivalves from galicia (nw spain).	a screening study of in vitro antibacterial activity was conducted in marine bivalves with economical importance and widespread along the coast of galicia (nw spain). hemocyte lysate supernatant (hls) and plasma of mytilus galloprovincialis, ostrea edulis, crassostrea gigas, ruditapes decussatus, ruditapes philippinarum, and cerastoderma edule were incubated with vibrio splendidus and micrococcus sp. hls and plasma for all the species demonstrated antibacterial activity, and c. edule had the hig ...	2010	21134379
bioaccumulation surveillance in milford haven waterway.	biomonitoring of contaminants (metals, organotins, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), pcbs) was undertaken in milford haven waterway (mhw) and a reference site in the tywi estuary (st ishmael/ferryside) during 2007-2008. bioindicator species encompassed various uptake routes-fucus vesiculosus (dissolved contaminants); littorina littorea (grazer); mytilus edulis and cerastoderma edule (suspension feeders); and hediste (=nereis) diversicolor (sediments). differences in feeding and habitat preferenc ...	2012	21432028
health concerns of consuming cockles (cerastoderma edule l.) from a low contaminated coastal system.	commercial and recreational harvesting of shellfish within the coastal systems is usually very extensive. since these ecosystems are frequently subjected to contamination, namely from agricultural, urban and industrial activities, and shellfish generally display a high capacity to bioaccumulate metals, populations may be at risk in terms of toxic metal exposure as a consequence of the harvesting and ingestion of near shore coastal marine organisms. shellfish is regularly tested for concentration ...	2011	21507485
norovirus, hepatitis a virus and enterovirus presence in shellfish from high quality harvesting areas in portugal.	this is the first report on the screening of shellfish from portugal for the presence of human enteropathogenic viruses. approximately 2000 shellfish (curbicula fluminea, ruditapes decussatus, tellina crassa, spisula solida, dosinia exoleta, ensis spp., mytilus spp., ostrea edulis and cerastoderma edule), organized in 49 batches, were collected between march 2008 and february 2009. they were tested for norovirus (nov), hepatitis a virus (hav) and enterovirus (ev) by rt-pcr followed by nucleotide ...	2011	21569936