Publications

cultivation of trichomonas gallinarum and trichomonas tenax on a trimed medium.	studied was the possibility to isolate and culture tr. gallinarum and tr. tenax on a medium trimed, proposed by the authors for the isolation and cultivation of tr. vaginalis. the growth and development of the two trichomonas species were followed up at various temperatures -- 38 degrees, 36 degrees, and 32 degrees c, in order to establish the most appropriate temperature for continuous cultivation at longer intervals of reseeding as well as the temperature optimum for the fast deposition of gre ...	1975	843
[study of an oral protozoan trichomonas tenax using scanning and transmission electron microscopy].	the study with scanning and transmission electron microscopy of trichomonas tenax gave morphological information on this protozoon. the oval-shaped cell body showed at the anterior pole four free flagella and a trailing flagellum which had an undulating membrane. the axostyle which consisted of microtubules and produced the cellular rigidity emerged at the posterior pole. an ovoid nucleus and a well-developed golgi apparatus were located at the anterior pole. at the latter, a pelta consisting of ...	1979	287668
[oral protozoans and diabetes: study in 117 patients].	a study on the presence of oral entamoeba gingivalis and trichomonas tenax has been carried out on calculus or dental plaque from 117 diabetic subjects. statistical analysis of results shows no correlation between diabetes and protozoa. the same frequency was found between diabetic and normal subjects. nevertheless, a significant relation has been found between the diabetes and the yeasts.	1979	372177
[a study of the frequency of protozoa and yeasts isolated from the parodontium of 509 subjects (author's transl)].	the protozoa entamoeba gingivalis and trichomonas tenax together with yeasts of the genus candida were investigated in the mouth (gums or neck of tooth) of 509 healthy or diabetic subjects. a study of the possible correlation between presence of these parasites and various local or general factors, showed that neither the sex, maxillo-facial anomalies nor smoking had any influence on parasite incidence. entamoeba gingivalis was encountered in 85 per cent of subjects free from parodontopathy. num ...	1979	395489
[preliminary investigation in trichomonas tenax in the city of valdivia, chile (author's transl)].		1978	737035
cloning and characterization of a repetitive dna sequence specific for trichomonas vaginalis.	a family of 650-bp-long repeats from the trichomonas vaginalis genome, designated the tv-e650 family, was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence is a+t-rich (73.3% a+t in the consensus sequence) and highly conserved among the 8 molecular clones analyzed. the differences among the clones are single-nucleotide and 2-nucleotide substitutions and insertions or deletions. the sequence uniformity of the clones as well as the presence of identical mutations in different clones suggest that effic ...	1992	1435862
[occurrence of the protozoa, entamoeba gingivalis and trichomonas tenax in the mouths of children and adolescents with hyperplastic gingivitis caused by phenytoin].	the oral protozoa entamoeba gingivalis and trichomonas tenax do not occur in small children and are rarely found in older ones. in adolescents their occurrence rate keeps increasing with age. they parasitize in an oral cavity changed by inflammation, yet also in a healthy mouth. their highest occurrence rate has been recorded in adults with periodontosis and atrophy of the periodontium, a somewhat lower one in adults with gingivitis. the authors addressed the question whether the presumed low oc ...	1992	1525687
the prevalence of entamoeba gingivalis and trichomonas tenax in periodontal disease.	two hundred patients (100 males and 100 females) having either marginal periodontitis or gingivitis were examined for detection of e. gingivalis and t. tenax. e. gingivalis was more prevalent among patients with periodontitis particularly females, while t. tenax was not discovered entirely in both patients and control groups.	1992	1578154
degradation of collagen types i, iii, iv and v by extracellular proteinases of an oral flagellate trichomonas tenax.	proteinases secreted by an axenic strain of trichomonas tenax were active against native types i, iii, iv and v collagens when evaluated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. degradation of all four collagen types was temperature dependent. basement membrane type iv collagen was digested most effectively. an inhibition of all collagenolytic activities by a specific inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, e-64, and activation by a reducing agent, dithiothreitol, indicated the involvement of cysteine ...	1991	1747075
cell-associated and extracellular proteolytic activity of an oral flagellate, trichomonas tenax.	proteolytic activities in crude extracts and culture filtrates from trichomonas tenax were determined using hide powder azure as substrate and the proteinase profiles in both samples were analysed in sds-polyacrylamide gels containing copolymerized gelatin. the enzyme activity in the crude extract was detected over a broad ph range and was strongly activated by dithiothreitol, mainly in the ph range 5-8, and inhibited by cysteine proteinase inhibitors. extracellular enzyme activity in culture fi ...	1991	2012529
[morphology and diagnosis of entamoeba gingivalis and trichomonas tenax and their occurrence in children and adolescents].	specimens obtained from 176 eight- to nineteen-year-old subjects were cultured for oral protozoa. of the given series, 25 subjects (14.2%) had in their mouth only e. gingivalis, 5 (2.9%) had a mixed invasion of e. gingivalis and t. tenax, and 2 subjects (1.1%) had only t. tenax. a total of 32 subjects (18.2%) were infested by oral protozoa. the following conclusions were made: oral protozoa occur also in children and teenagers with a cured or intact dentition; their occurrence rate was higher in ...	1991	2043965
[difficulties in the diagnosis of trichomonas infection complicated by mycosis of the oral cavity].	out of 1018 patients calling on parasitologist or stomatologist, 148 (14.5 +/- 1%) were found to be infected with trichomonas tenax. the difficulties with diagnosis of t. tenax were connected fungi infection. fungi strains isolated from oral cavity of patients infected with t. tenax were differentiated by morphological and biochemical methods.	1990	2131698
[value of who recommendations for the assessment of oral health in patients with diagnosed trichomonas tenax invasion].	in patients with periodontium lesions infected and not infected with trichomonas tenax the following indices were analysed: caries index, russell's index (+periodontal diseases), greene-vermillions index (oral hygiene). no statistically significant differences were found between infected and non-infected groups as regards caries and oral hygiene. russell's index showed considerable differences between the groups of subjects.	1990	2131699
dot-immunobinding assay with monoclonal antibody for detection of trichomonas vaginalis in clinical specimens.	a rapid and specific dot-enzyme immunoassay (diba) using monoclonal antibody was introduced for detection of trichomonas vaginalis antigen in vaginal and urethral materials. the results of diba were compared with culture findings of the parasite in 245 female patients. taking culture as the reference method, diba had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 93%. the predictive value of a positive test was 98% and that of a negative test 77%. the efficacy of wet mount, culture and diba were comp ...	1990	2265844
[importance of trichomonas tenax and entamoeba gingivalis protozoa in the human oral cavity].	trichomonas tenax and entamoeba gingivalis are protozoa found in the human oral cavity. morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of those parasites were reviewed and then studied with the scanning electron microscope in this paper. based on previous epidemiological studies, the relationship between periodontal disease and those protozoa was analysed. evaluation of the pathogenicity of trichomonas tenax and entamoeba gingivalis was also part of the discussion of this study.	1990	2382077
[occurrence of trichomonas tenax in certain population groups].		1985	3157463
trichomonas tenax: ultrastructure of giant forms.	trichomonas tenax is a parasitic flagellate of the human mouth. the morphology and the ultrastructure of the protozoan are identical to those of other trichomonads. giant forms suddenly appeared in a strain maintained in culture for two years. the structure and the ultrastructure of these abnormal forms were studied at the light and electron microscope level. several nuclei, groups of flagella, undulating membranes and golgi complexes were observed. the significance of these forms is still unkno ...	1988	3165089
[humoral immune response against trichomonas tenax in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis before and after specific fasigyn treatment].	the following parameters were studied in 71 subjects, aged from 7 to 38 with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, invaded by t. tenax: oral-hygienic index of green and vermillion before the specific fasigyn treatment and on 3, 7, 14 and 30 days after the treatment; the presence of complement-combining antibodies against t. tenax and the dynamics of antibody synthesis by 3, 6, 12 and 15 month after the treatment. thirty one subjected with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, non invaded by t tenax were studied ...	1988	3274183
trichomonas species in a subhepatic abscess.	a rare case of trichomonas tenax/trichomonas hominis and mixed oral bacterial flora in pus from a subhepatic abscess in a patient with a perforated penetrating ventricular ulcer is reported and the possible pathogenicity of the flagellate is discussed.	1987	3622496
[occurrence of the oral flagellate, trichomonas tenax, in children with chronic tonsillitis].		1987	3664293
trichomonas tenax in haemodyalized patients--serologic research.		1987	3687008
[possible pathogenic role of trichomonas tenax in chronic periodontitis ].		1986	3752801
[occurrence of oral trichomonads (trichomonas tenax) in subgingival plaque materials].		1985	3864885
specific nature of trichomonas vaginalis parasitism of host cell surfaces.	the adherence of trichomonas vaginalis nyh 286 to host cells was evaluated by using monolayer cultures of hela and hep-2 epithelial cells and human fibroblast cell lines. saturation of sites on hela cells was achieved, yielding a maximal t. vaginalis nyh 286-to-cell ratio of two. the ability of radiolabeled nyh 286 to compete with unlabeled trichomonads for attachment and the time, temperature, and ph-dependent nature of host cell parasitism reinforced the idea of specific parasite-cell associat ...	1985	3877690
pulmonary trichomoniasis and trichomonas tenax.	pulmonary trichomoniasis is usually caused by aspirated trichomonas tenax. adult men with chronic purulent or necrotic pulmonary disease are usually affected. sixty-eight patients were previously described. a russian study demonstrated pulmonary trichomoniasis in 19 of 112 patients (17%), mostly in patients with lung cancer, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis. rarely, pulmonary trichomoniasis may be caused by an intra-abdominal (t. hominis) or genitourinary (t. vaginalis) infection. t. tenax is usu ...	1985	3894667
[comparative analysis of the sensitivity of trichomonas tenax (o.f. müller, 1773) dobell, 1939 to various nitroimidazoles].		1985	4082596
immunohistochemical localization of fibronectin-like protein on the cell surface of the oral flagelatte trichomonas tenax.	a protein immunologically related to fibronectin was demonstrated on the oral flagellate trichomonas tenax. two strains of t. tenax were used, the first freshly taken from ulcerative gingivitis and the second maintained in culture for 2 years. initial investigations were made by established immunofluorescence staining procedures. cells of the protozoa gave a positive fluorescence with anti-fibronectin anti-serum, while the controls were negative. subsequently, indirect immunostaining procedures ...	1983	6343365
[oral trichomonads. 2. approach to the bacteria-free cultivation of trichomonas tenax].		1983	6348147
[oral trichomonads. 3. cryo-preservation of trichomonas tenax and its antimicrobial susceptibilities to various antibiotics].		1983	6576048
[correlation between pathological lesions and the presence of trichomonas tenax and fungi in the oral cavity].		1984	6590246
pathogenic trichomonas vaginalis cytotoxicity to cell culture monolayers.	exposure of monolayer cultures of human urogenital and vaginal (hela), human epithelial (hep-2), normal baboon testicular (nbt), and monkey kidney (vero) cells to live pathogenic trichomonas vaginalis resulted in extensive disruption of monolayers. trypan blue was taken up by all host cells released from cell monolayers, which indicated irreversible damage of these cell types by trichomonads. time and dose related data on cytotoxicity kinetics were obtained using increasing ratios of parasites t ...	1984	6608395
parasites found in the mouths of inhabitants of three villages of south kalimantan (borneo), indonesia.	infection rates of parasites in the oral cavity were compared for two study areas in south kalimantan, indonesia. penguiran and sungai baru, two adjacent villages, were considered a single study area and were inhabited by 151 individuals ranging from 2 to 70 years. tanah intan, the second study area, had a population of 265 persons who also ranged from 2 to 70 years. the standard of living was low in all the villages (average of 450 u.s. dollars per family per year). teeth and gums were examined ...	1984	6729983
[supplemental data to the ultrastructural study of trichomonas tenax. intra-cellular distribution of acid phosphatase].	in scanning electron microscopy, the flagella come out from the cellular body following different configurations: either separately or in groups. the undulating membrane lasted up to 2/3 of the cell body: at its end the recurrent flagella seems to penetrate again into the cell. the costa starts from the cinetosome of the recurrent flagella: the two parabasal filaments start from two different cinetosomes and follow the costa for a small distance. the nucleus is surrounded by a membrane which is ...	1980	6937457
[protozoa of the human oral cavity (epidemiological correlations and pathogenic possibilities].	the oral protozoa frequency has been studied in 300 patients consulting for oral problems. entamoeba gingivalis has been isolated more frequently in culture than trichomonas tenax (50.7% against 28%). the age range which showed the highest frequency in protozoa was the 30-34 year old group for the amoeba and the 45-54 year old group for the flagellae. the endemia increased progressively in relation to the ohis index. trichomonas tenax is three times more frequent in case of deep periodontal dise ...	1981	6943141
[oral trichomonads. part 1. study of the longitudinal cultivation, morphology and growth of trichomonas tenax].		1982	6958739
trichomonas tenax: axenization of another strain.		1982	7112664
salivary trichomoniasis. a case report of infestation of a submaxillary gland by trichomonas tenax.	a tumor was suspected after detection of an asymptomatic submaxillary swelling in an 85-year-old woman. clinical, radiologic, and biologic investigations were fruitless. transcutaneous needle aspiration revealed numerous trichomonads and led to the conclusion that a salivary duct was infested by trichomonas tenax. the patient recovered following treatment with metronidazole, and there has been no recurrence after 2 years. this case sheds new light on the pathogenic properties of trichomonads. pe ...	1995	7887784
trichomonas tenax in basrah, iraq.	one hundred and forty-three swabs from diseased mouths and 271 from healthy controls were examined by direct wet smear method for trichomonas tenax. negative swabs were cultured on suitable media. the frequency of trichomonas tenax was 8.4% and 4.1% in diseased and controls respectively. of 23 positive samples, 14 (3.3%) were positive on direct wet smear method and 9 (2.1%) were positive on culture method. there were 12 males and 11 females. highest frequency of infection (6.7%) was found in 6-1 ...	1993	8133639
[search for convergence between values of indicators for evaluating oral cavity status as recommended by who and presence of fungi or trichomonas tenax].	there is a lack in the literature of publications analyzing values of indicators for evaluation of oral cavity status, namely: puw number (cariogenic indicator), russell's indicator (changes in the paradontium) and greene-vermillion indicator (hygiene) recommended by who. this prompted the study for search of convergence between values of listed indicators and presence of fungi in ontocenosis of oral cavity in patients reporting to the stomatologist because of several reasons. among 355 patients ...	1993	8189816
pulmonary eosinophilia due to trichomonas tenax.	a 39 year old woman was admitted with fever and an exacerbation of asthma. the chest radiograph showed extensive bilateral lung infiltrates, but transtracheal needle aspiration did not reveal any infectious organisms. the bronchoalveolar fluid lavage contained a large number of trichomonas tenax and an increased percentage of eosinophils. corticosteroids provided a dramatic response. because of the relatively high frequency of colonisation of the human mouth by t tenax (about 20%), this organism ...	1996	8711692
nucleotide sequence of the srrna gene and phylogenetic analysis of trichomonas tenax.	the small subunit ribosomal rna (srrna) gene of trichomonas tenax atcc30207 was amplified by pcr and the 1.55-kb product was cloned into plasmid vector puc18. four clones were isolated and sequenced. the insert dnas were 1,552 bp long and their g+c contents were 48.1%; three of them had exactly the same dna sequences and one had only one nucleotide change. a representative srrna sequence was analyzed and a phylogenetic tree was estimated by the neighbor-joining (nj) method. among the protists ex ...	1996	8934671
phylogenetic position of the mitochondrion-lacking protozoan trichomonas tenax, based on amino acid sequences of elongation factors 1alpha and 2.	major parts of amino-acid-coding regions of elongation factor (ef)-1alpha and ef-2 in trichomonas tenax were amplified by pcr from total genomic dna and the products were cloned into a plasmid vector, pgem-t. the three clones from each of the products of the ef-1alpha and ef-2 were isolated and sequenced. the insert dnas of the clones containing ef-1alpha coding regions were each 1,185 bp long with the same nucleotide sequence and contained 53.1% of g + c nucleotides. those of the clones contain ...	1997	9010141
specific and sensitive detection of trichomonas tenax by the polymerase chain reaction.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol was developed for specific detection of trichomonas tenax by using a pair of primers designed for its 18s rrna gene. the detection was specific for t. tenax, since no amplification was detected with dnas from trichomonas vaginalis, which belongs to the same genus as t. tenax, in addition to various species of oral protists, fungi and bacteria, and human leukocytes. this method had a detection limit of 100 fg for t. tenax genomic dna and could detect t. ...	1997	9080698
diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection by pcr using vaginal swab samples.	trichomonas vaginalis infection is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted disease (std) in the world. a pcr test using vaginal swab samples for the detection of t. vaginalis was developed to add t. vaginalis infection to the growing list of stds that can be detected by dna amplification techniques. a primer set, btub 9/2, was designed to target a well-conserved region in the beta-tubulin genes of t. vaginalis. all strains (15 of 15) of t. vaginalis tested were successfully detected by ...	1998	9774566
trichomoniasis of the breast diseased by fibrocystic mastopathy: pathogenic rather than saprophytic relationship (trichomonas in fibrocystic mastopathy process).	because of the striking similarity between histopathological pictures of chronic trichomonal cervicitis uteri, the tissue reaction after subcutaneous inoculation of trichomonas culture in experimental animals and female breast diseased by fibrocystic mastopathy, the detection of trichomonads was undertaken in surgically removed diseased breast parts. in 12 fcm patients, subjected to segmental breast resection, the imprint smears were prepared from dissected specimens and after supravital stainin ...	1998	9863319
trichomonas tenax empyema in an immunocompromised patient with advanced cancer.	a 53-year-old male acromegalic patient with advanced rectal adenocarcinoma developed pleuritis in the course of cobalt irradiation, steroid treatment and chemotherapy. examination of drained pleural fluid demonstrated numerous motile organisms, which were identified as trichomonas tenax by giemsa staining. peptostreptococcus micros was also detected in the cultures of pleural fluid and blood. treatment with metronidazole successfully eliminated the protozoa and cured the pyothorax.	1998	9879561
[morphology and diagnosis of the oral protozoans trichomonas tenax and entamoeba gingivalis using the giemsa-romanovsky stain].	in the microscopic diagnosis of trichomonas tenax and entamoeba gingivalis is the technically and time not demanding native preparation of a culture, in which both protozoans can be detected according to their typical motility, determining. in the permanent preparation of the culture stained according to giemsa-romanovsky, which has also documentary character, are all of the characteristic cell organelles stainable, enabling so their detection without their typical motility. staining according t ...	1998	9919761
trichomonas tenax proteolytic activity.	in this study, proteolytic activity of trichomonas tenax collected directly from patient's dentobacterial plaque was examined. electrophoretic method involving polyacrylamide gels (commassie brilliant blue r-250) and electrophoretic method involving gelatin-containing polyacrylamide gels, have been used to analyse trichomonas tenax proteolytic activity. the most obvious and the fastest activities were obtained when gels were incubated in ph 4.6; followed by results of incubating in ph 5.6; while ...	1998	9951139
trichomonosis of the oral cavity complicated by mycosis.	protozoa and fungi of the oral cavity, although frequently occurring and connected to considerable clinical adverse effects, are as yet insufficiently known. the aims of the study were (i) to estimate the prevalence of common invasions of trichomonas tenax and fungi, (ii) to associate the symptoms with the diagnosis of trichomonosis complicated by mycosis, and (iii) to determine trichomonacidal properties of ornidazole, tinidazole and metronidazole. a sample of 936 dentist patients with differen ...	1998	10376294
[pulmonary trichomoniasis: diagnosis based on identification of irritation in bronchoalveolar lavage].	bronchopulmonary infections caused by trichomonads have been reported mainly in patients with pre-existing pulmonary or debilitating disease (e.g. bronchial carcinoma, lung abscess, bronchiectasis). pulmonary trichomoniasis is most often due to infection with trichomonas tenax, usually regarded as a harmless commensal of the human mouth, and may rarely be caused by other trichomonas species. a 45 year old female presented with a dry cough, exertional dyspnoea and malaise. these symptoms persiste ...	1999	10684241
lymph node infection by trichomonas tenax: report of a case with co-infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis.	in an 82-year-old woman, presenting with fever and asthenia, cervical adenopathy was noted. clinical and radiological investigations were fruitless. laboratory examinations detected a refractory anemia. the lymph node was excised and showed numerous trichomonads on touch preparations. histologically, the node showed caseous necrosis and macrophagic reaction. diagnosis of lymph node infection by trichomonas tenax was made. three weeks later, culture of the node showed mycobacterium tuberculosis a ...	2000	11070125
two distinct hemolysins in trichomonas tenax atcc 30207.	an oral protist trichomonas tenax atcc 30207 was investigated for the ability to lyse erythrocytes of sheep, rabbits, horses and humans. five fractions, including intact cells, culture supernatant, culture filtrate, cell debris and lipid-enriched fractions, were prepared from the protozoan cells, and their hemolytic activities were assayed under various conditions. all the samples except culture supernatant had hemolytic activities, which were due to two different kinds of hemolysins. one hemoly ...	2000	11154431
characterization of the cathepsin b-like proteinases of trichomonas tenax atcc 30207.	an oral parasite trichomonas tenax atcc 30207 synthesizes and secretes various proteinases. by gelatin-sds-page, we found five proteinases bands (30, 37, 46, 51 and 60 kda) in cell lysate and four bands (37, 45, 52 and 60 kda) in culture filtrate. the proteinases hydrolyzed acid soluble type i collagen as well as gelatin. the enzymes were suggested to possess typical characteristics of cysteine proteinases based on the patterns of inhibition and activation by various factors. based on relative e ...	2000	11154432
phylogenetic relationships of class ii fumarase genes from trichomonad species.	class ii fumarase sequences were obtained by polymerase chain reaction from five trichomonad species. all residues known to be highly conserved in this enzyme were present. nuclear run-on assays showed that one of the two genes identified in tritrichomonas foetus was expressed, whereas no fumarase transcripts were detected in the related species trichomonas vaginalis. these findings corroborate previous biochemical data. fumarase genes were also expressed in monocercomonas sp. and tetratrichomon ...	2001	11470849
empyema caused by trichomonas.	empyema is one of the potential complications of lower respiratory tract infections. very rarely, in predisposed individuals, empyema can be caused by trichomonas species, of which trichomonas tenax appears to be the most common cause. here, we present a case of trichomonal empyema in a 56-year-old man and review the available literature of this rare occurrence.	2003	12527635
[fine structures of trichomonas tenax and trichomonas hominis]	trichomonas tenax(t. tenax) and trichomonas hominis (t. hominis) were collected, cultured and sampled for comparative microscopical studies using electron microscope. 1. both flagellates were oval in shape and surrounded by a distinct outer membrane. five recurrent flagella and one anterior flagellum had, each, 9 paris of peripheral and 1 pair of central fibrils, undulating membrane was curved over the recurrent flagella, and bended in the middle at right angles with cell surface. cytostome, eng ...	1973	12913492
[occurrent of trichomonas tenax and of endamoeba gingivalis in mouth diseases].		1952	13009423
[methods of detections of trichomonas tenax].		1953	13182569
[trial culture of trichomonas tenax in the absence of bacteria].		1958	13561672
structure and division of trichomonas tenax (o.f. muller).		1959	13649673
axenic cultivation of trichomonas tenax, the oral flagellate of man. i. establishment of cultures.		1962	14027636
frequency of trichomonas vaginalis, trichomonas tenax and entamoeba gingivalis infections and absence of correlation between oral and vaginal protozooses in italian women.		1964	14125877
[the incidence of carriers of "trichomonas tenax" and of entamoeba gingivalis in some zones of the province of messina].		1964	14169904
pulmonary trichomoniasis: improved diagnosis by using polymerase chain reaction targeting trichomonas tenax 18s rrna gene in sputum specimens.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay targeting species-specific region in 18 small subunit ribosomal rna gene of trichomonas tenax was used to examine sputum specimens in order to diagnose pulmonary trichomoniasis caused by t. tenax. it was compared with wet mount preparation, giemsa-stained smear, and kupferberg trichononas broth culture for detection of t. tenax trophozoites in sputum. the study included 250 individuals; 100 immunocompromised patients with chest complaints (group i) and 100 ...	2004	15125527
molecular characterization of trichomonas tenax causing pulmonary infection.		2004	15297557
microbiological basis of oral infections and sensitivity to antibiotics.	because oral infections are common, the physician must understand the underlying etiology, pathogeny, and other variables that determine how these processes evolve in order to choose the most appropriate antibiotic drug. the special characteristics of the oral cavity determine the make-up of the microflora that lives there. different anaerobic species belonging to the peptostreptococcus, prevotella, fusobacterium, gemella, and porphyromonas genera are of particular interest, as are the aerobic s ...	2004	15580129
tetratrichomonads from the oral cavity and respiratory tract of humans.	to clarify the taxonomy of trichomonads associated with human respiratory diseases, we examined a collection of axenic trichomonad strains isolated from the oral cavity and bronchi of patients from pulmonary diseases clinics in tallin, estonia. the oral and bronchial strains were compared mutually as well as with a reference strain of trichomonas tenax, a common inhabitant of the human oral cavity, and other trichomonad species from humans and animals. unexpectedly, the morphological studies, as ...	2005	16178352
[trichomonas tenax in pulmonary and pleural diseases].	trichomonas is a protozoan rarely incriminated in pulmonary or pleural disorders.	2005	16292189
a novel surface protein of trichomonas vaginalis is regulated independently by low iron and contact with vaginal epithelial cells.	trichomonosis caused by trichomonas vaginalis is the number one, non-viral sexually transmitted disease (std) that affects more than 250 million people worldwide. immunoglobulin a (iga) has been implicated in resistance to mucosal infections by pathogens. no reports are available of iga-reactive proteins and the role, if any, of this class of antibody in the control of this std. the availability of an iga monoclonal antibody (mab) immunoreactive to trichomonads by whole cell (wc)-elisa prompted ...	2006	16448556
lack of evidence for the involvement of rectal and oral trichomonads in the aetiology of vaginal trichomoniasis in ghana.	to investigate the possible involvement of human trichomonads (pentatrichomonas hominis and trichomonas tenax) other than trichomonas vaginalis in the aetiology of vaginal trichomoniasis.	2007	16790560
[occurrence of oral subclinical infections in insulin treated diabetics].	the purpose of this study was to examine oral cavity condition, identify microorganisms and evaluate interrelation between protozoans, bacteria and fungi occurring in mouths of insuline treated diabetics. 30 men and women, 25-60 years old, were clinically assessed for their oral cavity condition including ph range. fifteen of them were the insuline treated diabetics. swabs taken of different sites of periodontium, dental plaques and dental pockets collected from each patients were used for detec ...	2004	16859022
[molecular diagnosis of oral cavity trichomonas infections in hiv patients].	the occurrence of trichomonas in oral cavity of hiv patients is not well known. hiv patients often suffer from oral lesions (candidiosis, advanced caries) and it remains unclear if any oral parasites can affect that, therefore the aim of the study was verification of species that can occur in hiv patients' oral cavity. diagnosis of oral trichomonas can be performed by conventional methods (microscopic observation of wet and stained preparations and cultivation) but these are time consuming and i ...	2004	16859023
[invasion of trichomonas tenax in patients with periodontal diseases].	the aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of occurrence of trichomonas tenax in patients with periodontitis and also to check the relationship between the occurrence of the protozoan and the indices of oral hygiene, and to evaluate periodontal treatment needs. the study involved 91 individuals aged 23-79 years (52 women and 39 men). 34 of them were infected with trichomonas tenax. the study revealed dependence between the frequency of occurrence of trichomonas tenax and the state of peri ...	2004	16865944
[co-occurrence of parasites sensu lato in alimentary tract of patients hospitalised in lower silesia].	up to now, the co-occurrence of parasites sensu stricto and fungi were confirmed mostly in the oral cavity. the aim of the present parallel parasitological and mycological investigations was to determine co-occurrence of protozoa, helminths and fungi (parasites sensu lato) both in smears from cavity and in stool samples of 93 patients undergoing the non-parasitological treatment in two hospitals of lower silesia (poland). among the examined patients parasites sensu lato (13 species) were found i ...	2000	16883695
[trichomonosomycosis of the oral cavity].	protozoa and fungi of the oral cavity, although frequently occuring and connected with considerable clinical adverse effects, are as yet insufficiently known. the aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of common invasions of trichomonas tenax and fungi, to associate the symptoms with the diagnosis of trichomonosis complicated by mycosis and to determine trichomonacidal properties of ornidazole, tinidazole and metronidazole. 936 dentist patients with different diagnoses were included i ...	1999	16886453
[familial infections with trichomonas tenax (o.f. müller, 1773), dobel, 1939].	aim of the study was to research familial occurrence of trichomonas tenax and relationship between infection with the protozoan and both a state of parodontium and hygiene of oral cavity. the study involved 10 families (22 individuals). trichomonas tenax was found in 16 patients. simultaneously isolates of protozoans were examined with the methods of molecular biology. the study showed the dependence of infection with trichomonas tenax on both bad hygiene of oral cavity and occurrence of patholo ...	2004	16892603
[human pulmonary trichomonoses].	colonization of human lungs by various trichomonas species is a frequent occurrence, but is unknown to most physicians. at this site of infection, the parasite develops into an amoeboid form that renders it unrecognizable. for this reason it has been overlooked until recently. morphological identification is not feasible under these conditions and molecular tools provide the only means of identification. the species involved are not restricted to trichomonas tenax, a saprophyte of the mouth that ...	2007	17449372
[pleural trichomoniasis due to trichomonas tenax].	thoracic infections due to trichomonas species often go unrecognised as they are seldom described in the literature. we describe a case that, to our knowledge, is the first reported case of empyema caused by this organism. a 59 year old man with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung developed a right pyopneumothorax following treatment with corticosteroids and radiotherapy. the pleural fluid was purulent and fetid, and contained large numbers of trichomonas tenax amongst a mixed bacterial flora. ...	2002	17546821
two unusual occurrences of trichomoniasis: rapid species identification by pcr.	pcr analysis in two unusual occurrences of trichomoniasis, trichomonal empyema due to trichomonas tenax and trichomonas vaginalis in an infant urine sample, allowed us to obtain rapid and accurate trichomonad species identification. the weak sensitivity of wet preparations and the low viability of the flagellates can be remedied by the pcr method.	2008	18632901
comparative analyses among the trichomonas vaginalis, trichomonas tenax, and tritrichomonas foetus 5s ribosomal rna genes.	the 5s ribosomal rna (5s rrna) is an essential component of ribosomes. throughout evolution, variation is found among 5s rrna genes regarding their chromosomal localization, copy number, and intergenic regions. in this report, we describe and compare the gene sequences, motifs, genomic copy number, and chromosomal localization of the trichomonas vaginalis, trichomonas tenax, and tritrichomonas foetus 5s rrna genes. t. vaginalis and t. foetus have a single type of 5s rrna-coding region, whereas t ...	2009	19290527
genetic identity and differential gene expression between trichomonas vaginalis and trichomonas tenax.	trichomonas vaginalis is a human urogenital pathogen responsible for trichomonosis, the number-one, non-viral sexually transmitted disease (std) worldwide, while t. tenax is a commensal of the human oral cavity, found particularly in patients with poor oral hygiene and advanced periodontal disease. the extent of genetic identity between t. vaginalis and its oral commensal counterpart is unknown.	2009	19296850
trichomonas vaginalis is highly prevalent in adolescent girls, pregnant women, and commercial sex workers in ndola, zambia.	objectives:: the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of trichomonas sp. infection among adolescent girls, pregnant women, and commercial sex workers in ndola, zambia. methods:: a cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 girls attending school, 307 pregnant women, and 197 commercial sex workers. self-collected specimens from the vagina, rectum, and mouth were tested by polymerase chain amplification assays for the presence of trichomonas vaginalis, pentatrichomonas hominis, and tri ...	2009	19940808
prevalence of oral entamoeba gingivalis and trichomonas tenax in patients with periodontal disease and healthy population in shiraz, southern iran.	it was shown that two parasites of entamoeba gingivalis (e. gingivalis) and trichomonas tenax (t. tenax) may be responsible for oral parasitic infection. this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of these parasites in oral cavity of patients with periodontal disease and in healthy population in shiraz, southern iran.	2010	20427914
molecular analysis of clonal trichomonad isolates indicate the existence of heterogenic species present in different birds and within the same host.	trichomonas gallinae is a flagellated protozoon and the etiological agent of avian trichomoniasis. despite its importance, especially in columbiformes and falconiformes, only a few molecular studies have yet been performed in order to investigate the degree of genetic diversity and cross-transmissibility between different isolates of this parasite. to address these questions 63 clonal cultures of trichomonas spp. isolates were established by successful isolation of single trichomonads from a mix ...	2010	20471174
[the investigation of entamoeba gingivalis and trichomonas tenax in a group of patients with periodontal disease.].	the oral cavity is suitable for invasion of many microorganisms. entamoeba gingivalis (e.gingivalis) and trichomonas tenax (t.tenax) settle in the oral cavity of patients with poor oral hygiene and gingival disease. in the present study, two slide specimens were prepared from the cole region of the teeth of 46 persons for investigation of the parasites. one of the slide specimens was dried in the air while the other one put into fixative and they were stained with trichrome and giemsa stains. th ...	2010	20597052
[in vitro effect of huyinling extract on trichomonas tenax].	the active ingredient of huyinling, a combination of chinese traditional medicine, was extracted by five different ethanol concentrations (40%-80%). there were seven groups named as five huyinling ethanol extract groups (40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%), metronidazole group and blank control. each huyinling ethanol extract group was further divided into five subgroups with final concentration of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml, respectively. metronidazole group was given 10 microg/ml of the drug. ...	2010	21351560
[investigation of the relationship between oral and dental health and presence of < i > entamoeba gingivalis < /i > and < i > trichomonas tenax < /i >]	objective: < i > entamoeba gingivalis < /i > and < i > trichomonas tenax < /i > can cause gingivitis and scale. in this study, the prevalence of < i > e. gingivalis < /i > and < i > t. tenax < /i > were investigated among patients who were admitted to the cumhuriyet university, faculty of dentistry. methods: two scraping samples were taken from 220 patients (ages varying from 12 to 75 years) and a questionnaire including fifteen parameters was applied to all patients. the samples were diluted in ...	2010	21391183
rare case of trichomonal peritonitis.	to the editor: trichomonads are flagellated protozoa with several species capable of infecting or colonizing humans. the most common, trichomonas vaginalis, causes genitourinary infection in adults and, rarely, respiratory infections in premature neonates of infected mothers. pentatrichomonas hominis has been isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract, and trichomonas tenax, a human oropharynx commensal, has caused empyema in immunocompomised persons. rare cases of human peritonitis caused b ...	2011	21762600
growth kinetics, antigen profiling, and proteinase activity of egyptian trichomonas tenax isolates derived from patients having oral infections.	the role of trichomonas tenax as a pathogen had been clearly implicated in various pathological processes that arise outside the boundaries of the mouth. although a relationship between the increased occurrence of this protozoan and progression of periodontal disease has been demonstrated, the ability of t. tenax in causing oral infections and the precise mechanism of tissue damage is not well known. the present study aimed to investigate different isolates of t.tenax from individuals having ora ...	2012	22348932
trichomonads in pleural effusion: case report, literature review and utility of pcr for species identification.	trichomonas tenax is a flagellated protozoan commonly found in the human oral cavity but of unusual occurrence in pulmonary infections. we describe a case of a 67-year-old patient with glioblastoma who presented with severe pleurisy in the post-operative period while she was receiving high-dose corticotherapy. several motile flagellated protozoa were identified in the pleural fluid. trichomonas tenax was identified by molecular methods. pulmonary infections with trichomonads might be underestima ...	2012	22378558
glycogen accumulation and degradation by the trichomonads trichomonas vaginalis and trichomonas tenax.	several species of trichomonad have been shown to accumulate significant quantities of glycogen during growth, suggesting an important role for this compound in cell physiology. we provide the first analysis of the changes in glycogen content and glycogen phosphorylase activity that occur during in vitro growth of two trichomonad species: trichomonas vaginalis and trichomonas tenax. both species accumulated glycogen following inoculation into fresh medium and utilized this compound during logari ...	2012	22612314
new tetratrichomonas species in two patients with pleural empyema.	two unusual occurrences of pleural trichomonosis due to a new tetratrichomonas species previously reported but not named were confirmed. in one patient, trichomonas tenax and a tetratrichomonas species were also detected in the oral cavity by molecular methods. we suggest that this new tetratrichomonas species be named tetratrichomonas empyemagena.	2013	23784131
trichomonad parasite infection in four species of columbidae in the uk.	trichomonas gallinae is an emerging pathogen in wild birds, linked to recent declines in finch (fringillidae) populations across europe. globally, the main hosts for this parasite are species of columbidae (doves and pigeons); here we carry out the first investigation into the presence and incidence of trichomonas in four species of columbidae in the uk, through live sampling of wild-caught birds and subsequent pcr. we report the first known uk cases of trichomonas infection in 86% of european t ...	2013	23866933
first report of trichomonas tenax infections in the philippines.	recent studies have reported trichomonas tenax as a cause of pleuropulmonary infections in humans. in this study, sputum and vaginal swab samples were collected from patients suffering from respiratory ailments in rodriguez, rizal and sex workers attending the social hygiene clinics in angeles city in pampanga, mandaluyong city and pasay city in metro manila, philippines, respectively. dna was extracted from samples and the 18s rrna gene was amplified and sequenced. phylogenetic trees were const ...	2014	24406842
development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of trichomonas vaginalis.	a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay targeting the 2-kbp repeated dna species-specific sequence was developed for detection of trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of trichomoniasis. the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the lamp assay were evaluated using pooled genital swab and urine specimens, respectively, spiked with t. vaginalis trophozoites. genital secretion and urine did not inhibit the detection of the parasite. the sensitivity of the lamp was 10-1000 tim ...	2014	24792836
what is the importance of zoonotic trichomonads for human health?	trichomonads are common parasites of many vertebrate and invertebrate species, with four species classically recognized as human parasites: dientamoeba fragilis, pentatrichomonas hominis, trichomonas vaginalis, and trichomonas tenax. the latter two species are considered human-specific; by contrast, d. fragilis and p. hominis have been isolated from domestic and farm mammals, demonstrating a wide host range and potential zoonotic origin. several new studies have highlighted the zoonotic dimensio ...	2014	24951156
is trichomonas tenax a parasite or a commensal?	trichomonas tenax is considered a commensal organism found under poor oral hygiene conditions. t. tenax presents morphological similarities with t. vaginalis, and there are doubts concerning whether this protist is a parasite and whether it is a genetic variant of t. vaginalis. this study aimed to investigate the capacity of t. tenax to cause mammalian cell damage and compare its cytotoxicity with that of t. vaginalis. protozoan-host cell interaction assays were performed with madin-darby canine ...	2015	25835639
prevalence of oral trichomonas tenax in periodontal lesions of down syndrome in tabriz, iran.	it was presented that trichomonas tenax is one of the parasites which is responsible for oral infection. this study was considered to estimate the prevalence of this parasite in oral cavity of down syndrome patients with periodontal lesions and in healthy population from welfare organization in tabriz, iran.	2015	26393213
canine trichomonas tenax mandibular gland infestation.	several species of trichomonads are intestinal or urogenital parasites of humans and animals, with only a few species typically being located in the oral cavity. the prevalence of oral trichomoniasis in dogs is approximately 15-25 %, although the prevalence varies among different populations and depends on age, sex and the health of the oral cavity.	2016	26887317
prevalence of trichomonas spp. in domestic pigeons in shandong province, china, and genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism.	oropharyngeal swabs (n = 609) were collected randomly from 80,000 domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica) on five pigeon farms and at one pigeon slaughterhouse in shandong province, china, from september 2012 to july 2013. trichomonas spp. were detected in 206/609 (33.8%) samples. the prevalence was 14.9-31.1%, depending on different levels of sanitation and management, and was 4.8% in nestling pigeons, 13.6% in breeding pigeons and 35.2% in adolescent pigeons. trichomonas gallinae genotypes ...	2016	27068150