Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| candida dubliniensis sp. nov.: phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel species associated with oral candidosis in hiv-infected individuals. | atypical oral candida isolates were recovered from 60 hiv-infected and three hiv-negative individuals. these organisms were germ-tube-positive and produced abundant chlamydospores which were frequently arranged in triplets or in contiguous pairs. they belonged to c. albicans serotype a and had atypical carbohydrate assimilation profiles. fingerprinting the genomic dna of a selection of these organisms with the c. albicans-specific probe 27a and five separate oligonucleotides, homologous to eukar ... | 1995 | 7551019 |
| a novel group i intron in candida dubliniensis is homologous to a candida albicans intron. | in the present study, we determined the sequence of group i self-splicing introns found in the large ribosomal rna subunit of candida albicans, candida stellatoidea and the recently-described species candida dubliniensis. it was found that both the intron and ribosomal rna nucleotide sequences are almost perfectly identical between different c. albicans strains as well as between c. albicans and c. stellatoidea strains. comparisons of ribosomal rna sequences suggest that local isolates of atypic ... | 1996 | 8973366 |
| antifungal drug susceptibilities of oral candida dubliniensis isolates from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and non-hiv-infected subjects and generation of stable fluconazole-resistant derivatives in vitro. | candida dubliniensis is a recently described species of candida associated with oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals. nineteen oral isolates of c. dubliniensis recovered from 10 hiv-positive and 4 hiv-negative individuals and one vaginal isolate from an additional hiv-negative subject were assessed for fluconazole susceptibility by broth microdilution (bmd), hyphal elongation assessment, and etest. the susceptibilities of these 20 isolates to itraconazole a ... | 1997 | 9056003 |
| candidiasis: the emergence of a novel species, candida dubliniensis. | 1997 | 9108936 | |
| widespread geographic distribution of oral candida dubliniensis strains in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. | candida dubliniensis is a recently identified chlamydospore-positive yeast species associated with oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected (hiv+) patients and is closely related to candida albicans. several recent reports have described atypical oral candida isolates with phenotypic and genetic properties similar to those of c. dubliniensis. in this study 10 atypical chlamydospore-positive oral isolates from hiv+ patients in switzerland, the united kingdom, and argentina ... | 1997 | 9157162 |
| use of specialised isolation media for recognition and identification of candida dubliniensis isolates from hiv-infected patients. | during a study of oral rinses of 130 hiv-infected individuals, both typical and atypical candida albicans colonies were isolated from ten patients on a yeast differential medium. typical candida albicans colonies were light green; atypical colonies were dark green. both types of colonies were germ tube-positive and produced chlamydospores. however, dna fingerprinting of the atypical isolates with the ca3 candida albicans-specific probe showed that they belonged to the recently described species ... | 1997 | 9177963 |
| adherence of candida albicans strains isolated from aids patients. comparison with pathogenic yeasts isolated from patients without hiv infection. | the adherence of yeasts to oral mucous cells is one of the main characteristics of the pathogenicity of this fungus. we studied adherence by means of a radiometric test to improve the method. we compared a sample of 40 strains of candida albicans isolated from the buccal mucosa of hiv-infected patients with 40 strains isolated from non-hiv patients. we found that buccally isolated c. albicans strains from patients in the initial stages of aids adhered to oral mucous cells less than the buccally ... | 1997 | 9274628 |
| candida dubliniensis. | 1997 | 9350785 | |
| molecular and phenotypic analysis of candida dubliniensis: a recently identified species linked with oral candidosis in hiv-infected and aids patients. | the discovery and characterisation of a novel species of candida, termed candida dubliniensis, associated with oral candidosis in hiv-infected individuals is described. these organisms share several phenotypic characteristics in common with candida albicans and candida stellatoidea, including the ability to produce germ tubes and chlamydospores. however, in contrast to these latter two species, c. dubliniensis isolates produce abundant chlamydospores, which are often arranged in contiguous pairs ... | 1997 | 9456666 |
| candida dubliniensis: characteristics and identification. | 1998 | 9466736 | |
| genetic characterization of a phospholipase c gene from candida albicans: presence of homologous sequences in candida species other than candida albicans. | phospholipase c (plc) enzymes are essential in regulating several important cellular functions in eukaryotes, including yeasts. in this study, pcr was used to identify a gene encoding plc activity in candida albicans, using oligonucleotide primers complementary to sequences encoding highly conserved amino acid regions within the x domains of previously characterized eukaryotic phospholipase c genes. the nucleotide sequence of the c. albicans gene, caplc1 (2997 bp), was determined from a recombin ... | 1998 | 9467900 |
| candida dubliniensis: an emerging opportunistic pathogen. | the incidence of opportunistic fungal infections continues to increase, partly as a result of the continuing aids epidemic. candida albicans remains the most important fungal pathogen and is frequently associated with oral candidiasis in hiv-infected individuals. over the past decade, however, there has been an increasing number of reports implicating other candida species, such as c. tropicalis, c. glabrata and c. krusei, in disease in these patients and in other patient groups. during the same ... | 1997 | 9504063 |
| sequence analysis of a compound coding-region microsatellite in candida albicans resolves homoplasies and provides a high-resolution tool for genotyping. | sequence diversity at a coding-region microsatellite locus of two diploid candida species was surveyed. twenty-one alleles from fourteen strains of candida albicans and three alleles from two strains of the closely related candida dubliniensis were sequenced. results show independent length variation in two contiguous hexanucleotide repeats, one non-contiguous hexanucleotide repeat, and two non-contiguous trinucleotide repeats within a 120 bp coding region. a neighboring, non-repetitive 120 bp r ... | 1998 | 9544777 |
| presumptive identification of an emerging yeast pathogen: candida dubliniensis (sp. nov.) reduces 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. | developments in medical intervention and the increasing population of patients with immunodeficiencies and transient or long-term immunosuppression have increased the list of yeast species that can cause disease. candida dubliniensis is a novel species with close genetic relatedness to c. albicans. the two species share many common physiological and biochemical properties thus making their distinction cumbrous. a rapid and inexpensive way to presumptively differentiate between the two species, h ... | 1998 | 9566495 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of oral yeasts from finland and the united states. | a total of 4-22 isolates of oral yeasts per subjects from 48 yeast-positive finnish and american subjects (25 females and 23 males) were phenotyped and genotyped to determine the frequency of simultaneous oral carriage of multiple yeast taxa. an oral sample from either periodontal pockets, oral mucosa or saliva was obtained. all subjects yielded candida albicans and 3 subjects an additional yeast species (candida krusei, candida glabrata or saccharomyces cerevisiae). the api 20c aux kit distingu ... | 1997 | 9573811 |
| distinctive carbohydrate assimilation profiles used to identify the first clinical isolates of candida dubliniensis recovered in the united states. | 1998 | 9574737 | |
| candida dubliniensis: phylogeny and putative virulence factors. | candida dubliniensis is a recently identified species which is implicated in oral candidosis in hiv-infected and aids patients. the species shares many phenotypic characteristics with, and is phylogenetically closely related to, candida albicans. in this study the phylogenetic relationship between these two species was investigated and a comparison of putative virulence factors was performed. four isolates of c. dubliniensis from different clinical sources were chosen for comparison with two ref ... | 1998 | 9579058 |
| in vitro activities of terbinafine against cutaneous isolates of candida albicans and other pathogenic yeasts. | terbinafine is active in vitro against a wide range of pathogenic fungi, including dermatophytes, molds, dimorphic fungi, and some yeasts, but earlier studies indicated that the drug had little activity against candida albicans. in contrast, clinical studies have shown topical and oral terbinafine to be active in cutaneous candidiasis and candida nail infections. in order to define the anti-candida activity of terbinafine, we tested the drug against 350 fresh clinical isolates and additional str ... | 1998 | 9593126 |
| [candida dubliniensis: 1st isolation in argentina]. | we report the first isolation of candida dubliniensis in argentina. this strain was isolated from an oral lesion of an adult patient with aids during one recurrent episode of a previously treated oropharingeal candidosis. phenotypic and genotypic characteristics coincided with those described by sullivan et al., who was the first to study this new species. | 1998 | 9629606 |
| simple, inexpensive, reliable method for differentiation of candida dubliniensis from candida albicans. | candida dubliniensis is a recently described pathogenic species which shares many phenotypic features with candida albicans, including the ability to form germ tubes and chlamydospores. these similarities have caused significant problems in the identification of c. dubliniensis by the average clinical mycology laboratory. to facilitate the differentiation of these species, we investigated the growth of 120 isolates of c. dubliniensis and 98 c. albicans isolates at 42 and 45 degrees c on emmons' ... | 1998 | 9650971 |
| identification and expression of multidrug transporters responsible for fluconazole resistance in candida dubliniensis. | candida dubliniensis is a recently described candida species associated with oral candidosis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and aids patients, from whom fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates have been previously recovered. furthermore, derivatives exhibiting a stable fluconazole-resistant phenotype have been readily generated in vitro from fluconazole-susceptible isolates following exposure to the drug. in this study, fluconazole-resistant isolates accumulated up to 80% less [3 ... | 1998 | 9661028 |
| rapid identification of candida dubliniensis by indirect immunofluorescence based on differential localization of antigens on c. dubliniensis blastospores and candida albicans germ tubes. | there is a clear need for the development of a rapid and reliable test for the identification of candida dubliniensis and for the discrimination of this species from candida albicans. in the present study we have investigated the potential use of c. dubliniensis-specific antigens as a basis for its identification. we produced an anti-c. dubliniensis serum which, after adsorption with c. albicans blastospores, was found to differentially label c. dubliniensis isolates in an indirect immunofluores ... | 1998 | 9705368 |
| prevalence of candida dubliniensis isolates in a yeast stock collection. | to establish the historical prevalence of the novel yeast species candida dubliniensis, a survey of 2,589 yeasts originally identified as candida albicans and maintained in a stock collection dating back to the early 1970s was undertaken. a total of 590 yeasts, including 93 (18.5%) beta-glucosidase-negative isolates among 502 isolates that showed abnormal colony colors on a differential chromogenic agar and 497 other isolates, were subjected to dna fingerprinting with the moderately repetitive s ... | 1998 | 9738035 |
| detection of candida dubliniensis in oropharyngeal samples from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in north america by primary chromagar candida screening and susceptibility testing of isolates. | candida dubliniensis has been associated with oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). c. dubliniensis isolates may have been improperly characterized as atypical candida albicans due to the phenotypic similarity between the two species. prospective screening of oral rinses from 63 hiv-infected patients detected atypical dark green isolates on chromagar candida compared to typical c. albicans isolates, which are light green. forty-eight atypical iso ... | 1998 | 9738058 |
| identification of candida dubliniensis in a prospective study of patients in the united states. | although candida albicans remains the fungal species most frequently isolated as an opportunistic oral pathogen, other yeast species are often identified in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive patients. candida dubliniensis phenotypically resembles c. albicans in many respects, yet it can be identified and differentiated as a unique candida species by its phenotypic and genetic profiles. the purpose of the present study was to prospectively test for the presence of c. dubliniensis am ... | 1999 | 9889211 |
| molecular and phenotypic characterization of genotypic candida albicans subgroups and comparison with candida dubliniensis and candida stellatoidea. | there have been increased reports of the isolation of unusual genotypic groups of candida albicans (groups c and d) based on a well-defined genotypic method; this method uses cellular dna digested with the ecori enzyme and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) generated by agarose gel electrophoresis. the aim of the present study was to use additional molecular tools to characterize these unusual strains and to compare them with authentic strains of c. dubliniensis, a recently de ... | 1999 | 9889231 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of candida dubliniensis isolates tested against the new triazole and echinocandin antifungal agents. | candida dubliniensis is a newly recognized fungal pathogen causing mucosal disease in aids patients. although preliminary studies indicate that most strains of c. dubliniensis are susceptible to established antifungal agents, fluconazole-resistant strains have been detected. furthermore, fluconazole-resistant strains are easily derived in vitro, and these strains exhibit increased expression of multidrug resistance transporters, especially mdr1. because of the potential for the development of re ... | 1999 | 9986880 |
| importance of candida species other than candida albicans as opportunistic pathogens. | candida species other than c. albicans have become a significant cause of infection in humans. several of the more commonly isolated of these species are less susceptible to commonly used azole antifungal drugs, a factor that poses significant difficulties for effective treatment. the modern mycology laboratory has an important role to play in several aspects relating to these organisms, including therapy, detection, identification and epidemiological analysis. the application of molecular techn ... | 1998 | 9988504 |
| development and characterization of complex dna fingerprinting probes for the infectious yeast candida dubliniensis. | using a strategy to clone large genomic sequences containing repetitive elements from the infectious yeast candida dubliniensis, the three unrelated sequences cd1, cd24, and cd25, with respective molecular sizes of 15,500, 10,000, and 16,000 bp, were cloned and analyzed for their efficacy as dna fingerprinting probes. each generated a complex southern blot hybridization pattern with endonuclease-digested genomic dna. cd1 generated an extremely variable pattern that contained all of the bands of ... | 1999 | 10074523 |
| candida dubliniensis candidemia in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and bone marrow transplantation. | the recently described species candida dubliniensis has been recovered primarily from superficial oral candidiasis in hiv-infected patients. no clinically documented invasive infections were reported until now in this patient group or in other immunocompromised patients. we report three cases of candidemia due to this newly emerging candida species in hiv-negative patients with chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression and bone marrow transplantation. | 1999 | 10081684 |
| coaggregation of candida dubliniensis with fusobacterium nucleatum. | the binding of microorganisms to each other and oral surfaces contributes to the progression of microbial infections in the oral cavity. candida dubliniensis, a newly characterized species, has been identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients and other immunocompromised individuals. c. dubliniensis phenotypically resembles candida albicans in many respects yet can be identified and differentiated as a unique candida species by phenotypic and genetic profiles. the purpose of ... | 1999 | 10203506 |
| rapid pcr test for discriminating between candida albicans and candida dubliniensis isolates using primers derived from the ph-regulated phr1 and phr2 genes of c. albicans. | the development of a satisfactory means to reliably distinguish between the two closely related species candida albicans and candida dubliniensis in the clinical mycology laboratory has proved difficult because these two species are phenotypically so similar. in this study, we have detected homologues of the ph-regulated c. albicans phr1 and phr2 genes in c. dubliniensis. restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis suggests that there are significant sequence differences between the genes ... | 1999 | 10203530 |
| paediatric aids--related linear gingival erythema: a form of erythematous candidiasis? | three vertically hiv-infected children showed, in addition to oral candidiasis, hiv-gingivitis, which healed on antimycotic treatment. the intense linear gingival erythema of a fourth child was also clinically evaluated as a possible form of erythematous oral candidiasis. direct microscopic examination of material from the gingival lesions of the latter disclosed yeast cells and hyphae. subsequent culture, biochemical and serological tests identified the yeast as candida dubliniensis. as the pat ... | 1999 | 10235372 |
| identification of care-2-negative candida albicans isolates as candida dubliniensis. | among 302 clinical yeast isolates originally identified as candida albicans, we found 16 isolates that did not hybridize with the c. albicans-specific repetitive dna element care-2. these 16 isolates produced abundant chlamydospores, did not grow at 43 degrees c, and exhibited a distinct randomly amplified polymorphic dna profile. sequence analysis of part of the 28s rdna demonstrated that the care-2-negative isolates are not an atypical subgroup of c. albicans but belong to the recently describ ... | 1999 | 10394844 |
| phylogenetic analysis and rapid identification of candida dubliniensis based on analysis of act1 intron and exon sequences. | the phylogenetic position of candida dubliniensis has previously been established on the basis of the sequence of rrna genes. in order to confirm the relationship between c. dubliniensis and other yeast species, particularly candida albicans, using non-rrna gene sequences the act1 gene was chosen for analysis. three overlapping fragments that together span the entire c. dubliniensis act1 gene (cdact1) were amplified from a recombinant phage isolated from a genomic dna lambda library using pcr. t ... | 1999 | 10463153 |
| rapid identification of candida dubliniensis with commercial yeast identification systems. | candida dubliniensis is a newly described species that is closely related phylogenetically to candida albicans and that is commonly associated with oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. several recent studies have attempted to elucidate phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of use in separating the two species. however, results obtained with simple phenotypic tests were too variable and tests that provided more definitive data were too complex for routine use in ... | 1999 | 10523548 |
| molecular epidemiology of candida albicans isolates from aids and cancer patients using a novel standardized care-2 dna fingerprinting technique. | a total of 277 candida isolates from various body sites of 149 aids and cancer patients treated in four different university clinics in würzburg, germany were collected over a period of 27 months and phenotypically and genotypically characterized. the fingerprinting patterns of 194 candida albicans isolates obtained with the moderately repetitive, c. albicans-specific dna fragment care-2 were digitized and retrospectively compared with a highly accurate computer-assisted standardization method. ... | 1999 | 10536429 |
| genotypic relatedness of yeast isolates from women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and their children. | the objective of this study was to compare polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fingerprinting with other molecular typing methods as an epidemiologic tool to investigate the transmission of candida strains between hiv-positive mothers and their children. forty-nine yeast strains (including candida albicans, candida glabrata, rhodotorula rubra, candida tropicalis, candida famata, candida dubliniensis, saccharomyces cerevisiae) from 30 individuals (15 children and 15 hiv-infected mothers or accompanyi ... | 1999 | 10536430 |
| oral candida dubliniensis as a clinically important species in hiv-seropositive patients in the united states. | interest in candida dubliniensis has led to renewed clinical investigations regarding incidence, drug resistance, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of fungal infections in patients with hiv. c dubliniensis phenotypically resembles candida albicans in many respects, yet it can be identified and differentiated as a unique candida species by its phenotypic and genetic profiles. the purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the prevalence of c dubliniensis in clinical isolates and determine t ... | 1999 | 10556752 |
| identification of candida dubliniensis based on temperature and utilization of xylose and alpha-methyl-d-glucoside as determined with the api 20c aux and vitek ybc systems. | to have a better understanding of the role of candida dubliniensis in clinical infections, it is essential that microbiology laboratories can identify this species rapidly and accurately in clinical specimens. c. dubliniensis has been reported to lack the ability to utilize xylose (xyl) and alpha-methyl-d-glucoside (mdg) and to grow poorly or not at all at 45 degrees c, whereas candida albicans isolates utilize xyl and mdg and usually grow well at 45 degrees c. we tested 66 isolates of c. dublin ... | 1999 | 10565888 |
| molecular characterization by pcr-fingerprinting of candida dubliniensis strains isolated from two hiv-positive patients in spain. | six candida dubliniensis isolates were recovered from two hiv-infected individuals in the course of a prospective study of recurrent oral candidosis among hiv-positive patients in spain. candida albicans strains as well as non-albicans strains were also obtained from these two patients. c. dubliniensis strains were germ-tube-positive and produced abundant chlamydospores. fingerprinting the genomic dnas of these six c. dubliniensis with the c. albicans-specific probe 27a as well as karyotyping wa ... | 1999 | 10579091 |
| chlamydospore formation on staib agar as a species-specific characteristic of candida dubliniensis. | staib agar (syn. guizotia abyssinica creatinine agar) was evaluated for differentiation between the highly related yeast species candida albicans and candida dubliniensis. on these agar plates c. dubliniensis formed rough colonies due to mycelial growth and produced abundant chlamydospores whereas c. albicans grew only in smooth colonies and without chlamydospore formation. the rough colonies of c. dubliniensis could be readily distinguished from the smooth c. albicans colonies. these results de ... | 1999 | 10592694 |
| recovery of candida dubliniensis from non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in israel. | candida dubliniensis is a recently discovered yeast species principally associated with carriage and disease in the oral cavities of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals. to date the majority of isolates of this species have been identified in europe and north america. in this study, five candida isolates recovered from separate hiv-negative hospitalized patients in jerusalem, israel, were presumptively identified as c. dubliniensis on the basis of their dark green coloration ... | 2000 | 10618082 |
| candida dubliniensis fungemia: the first four cases in north america. | we report the first four north american cases of candida dubliniensis fungemia, including the first isolation of this organism from the bloodstream of an hiv-infected person. all isolates were susceptible in vitro to commonly used antifungal drugs. this report demonstrates that c. dubliniensis can cause bloodstream infection; however, the incidence of disease is not known. | 2000 | 10653569 |
| growth competition between candida dubliniensis and candida albicans under broth and biofilm growing conditions. | seven isolates each of candida albicans and candida dubliniensis were paired (11 pairs) and examined for competitive interaction. equal numbers of cfu of each competitor were inoculated into sabouraud dextrose broth and incubated at 37 degrees c with vigorous shaking under conditions favorable to either broth or biofilm growth. surviving proportions of each competitor were calculated from the broth culture at 24 and 96 h and the biofilm culture at 96 h, with species differentiation done on chrom ... | 2000 | 10655413 |
| a molecular genetic system for the pathogenic yeast candida dubliniensis. | candida dubliniensis is a recently described pathogenic yeast of the genus candida that is closely related to candida albicans but differs from it in several phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, including putative virulence traits, which may explain differences in the spectrum of diseases caused by the two species. in contrast to c. albicans, a molecular genetic system to study virulence of c. dubliniensis is lacking. we have developed a system for the genetic transformation of c. dublinien ... | 2000 | 10721733 |
| new pcr primer pairs specific for candida dubliniensis and detection of the fungi from the candida albicans clinical isolates in japan. | the genetic patterns of candida dubliniensis, including type strain, were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method in comparison with those of reference candida albicans genotypes a, b and c strains. this rapd pattern analysis showed that the patterns of two strains of c. dubliniensis including the type strain are very similar to the three oligo pcr primers used, but different from other c. albicans genotypes a, b and c strains with most of the pcr primers tested. the rapd band ... | 2000 | 10745979 |
| initial case of candida dubliniensis infection from asia: non-mucosal infection. | a yeast, repeatedly isolated from a post-surgical abdominal infection of a 75-year-old japanese man, was genotyped as candida dubliniensis. this is the first reported case in asia of this recently described fungus. | 2000 | 10746232 |
| evaluation of phenotypic markers for selection and identification of candida dubliniensis. | candida dubliniensis is often associated with c. albicans in cultures. easy-to-perform selective isolation procedures for these closely related species do not exist. therefore, we evaluated previously described discriminatory phenotypic markers for c. dubliniensis. a total of 150 oral rinses from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients were cultured on chromagar candida. dark green colonies described as being indicative of c. dubliniensis and other green colonies, 170 in total, were ... | 2000 | 10747150 |
| the role of candida dubliniensis in oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. | there is an increasing interest in non-albicans candida species because of the increasing number of fungal infections they cause. most of these infections can be found in immunocompromised individuals, especially in those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). candida dubliniensis is a recently identified yeast, mostly isolated in hiv-positive individuals with oral candidiasis. candida dubliniensis is a germ tube- and chlamydospore-form yeast. thus, it shares diagnostic characteristic ... | 2000 | 10782340 |
| comparative evaluation of pasco and national committee for clinical laboratory standards m27-a broth microdilution methods for antifungal drug susceptibility testing of yeasts. | the pasco antifungal susceptibility test system, developed in collaboration with a commercial company, is a broth microdilution assay which is faster and easier to use than the reference broth microdilution test performed according to the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) document m27-a guidelines. advantages of the pasco system include the system's inclusion of quality-controlled, premade antifungal panels containing 10, twofold serial dilutions of drugs and a one-ste ... | 2000 | 10834985 |
| retrospective identification and characterization of candida dubliniensis isolates among candida albicans clinical laboratory isolates from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and non-hiv-infected individuals. | fungal opportunistic infections, and in particular those caused by the various candida species, have gained considerable significance as a cause of morbidity and, often, mortality. the newly described species candida dubliniensis phenotypically resembles candida albicans so closely that it is easily misidentified as such. the present study was designed to determine the frequency at which this new species is not recognized in the clinical laboratory, to determine the patient populations with whic ... | 2000 | 10835022 |
| dna fingerprinting patterns of candida species using hinfi endonuclease. | strain delineation was performed by means of restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) of genomic dna with the restriction enzyme hinfi followed by conventional electrophoresis. a total of 337 yeast isolates representing 21 candida species and five non-candida yeast species was evaluated. a survey of isolates showed that candida albicans and non-albicans species could be divided into mutually exclusive groups, and that subgroups could be created. individual rea patterns for 111 c. albicans isolate ... | 2000 | 10843084 |
| identification of candida dubliniensis in a study of hiv-seropositive pediatric dental patients. | the combination of an immature immune system and suppressed cellular immunity in children with hiv infections provides optimal conditions for rapid disease progression. as a result, pediatric aids has become a major epidemiological challenge. oral fungal colonization remains one of the most common opportunistic infections observed in both adult and pediatric hiv infected patients. although candida albicans is the most frequently isolated opportunistic fungal species, a recently characterized can ... | 2000 | 10846737 |
| rapid identification of candida dubliniensis using a species-specific molecular beacon. | candida dubliniensis is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that has been linked to oral candidiasis in aids patients, although it has recently been isolated from other body sites. dna sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) region of rrna genes from reference candida strains was used to develop molecular beacon probes for rapid, high-fidelity identification of c. dubliniensis as well as c. albicans. molecular beacons are small nucleic acid hairpin probes that brightly fluores ... | 2000 | 10921935 |
| development of simultaneous resistance to fluconazole in candida albicans and candida dubliniensis in a patient with aids. | in this report, we describe a patient with recurrent episodes of oral candidosis who finally suffered from fluconazole-refractory oral and oesophageal candidosis. the patient was monitored for 4 years until his death from aids. during the observation period, persistent colonization with both candida albicans and candida dubliniensis was observed. from the appearance of the first episode of oral candidosis, the patient was treated with fluconazole for 18 months. the infection became unresponsive ... | 2000 | 10933656 |
| isolation of candida dubliniensis from the oral cavity of an hiv-positive child in brazil. | candida dubliniensis is a newly-recognized candida species and an important infectious pathogen, particularly for hiv-positive patients. >from oral smear samples from the radix linguae of 173 hiv-positive children, we obtained four yeast isolates which took a blue-green color on chromagar candida plate at 37 degrees c for 48 hours from one hiv-positive 3-year-old boy in brazil. the isolates were difficult to grow on potato dextrose agar plate at 42 degrees c, produced abundant chlamydospores on ... | 2000 | 10938519 |
| molecular responses to changes in the environmental ph are conserved between the fungal pathogens candida dubliniensis and candida albicans. | in this work we cloned cdphr1 and cdphr2 from the human fungal pathogen candida dubliniensis. the two genes are homologues to the ph-regulated genes phr1 and phr2 from candida albicans. the ph-dependent pattern of expression of cdphr1 and cdphr2 was conserved in c. dubliniensis. cdphr1 could be shown to be functionally equivalent to phr1. the ph-regulated mode of expression was maintained when cdphr1 was integrated in c. albicans. this indicates a fundamentally similar mode of expressional regul ... | 2000 | 10959725 |
| phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and killing of candida dubliniensis and candida albicans by human neutrophils. | candida dubliniensis is a phylogenetically closely related species to candida albicans. so far virtually nothing is known about the virulence factors of c. dubliniensis. cell surface hydrophobicity (csh) plays a critical role in adhesion of microorganisms to phagocytic cells; hydrophobic cells of c. albicans have been reported to be less sensitive to phagocytic killing than hydrophilic cells. c. dubliniensis displays csh at 37 degrees c in contrast to c. albicans. to elucidate this issue, we det ... | 2000 | 11004413 |
| differentiation between candida dubliniensis and candida albicans by fatty acid methyl ester analysis using gas-liquid chromatography. | candida dubliniensis is often found in mixed culture with c. albicans, but its recognition is hampered as the color of its colonies in primary culture on chromagar candida varies. furthermore, definite identification of c. dubliniensis is difficult to achieve, time-consuming, and expensive. therefore, a method to discriminate between these two closely related yeast species by fatty acid methyl ester (fame) analysis using gas-liquid chromatography (sherlock microbial identification system [mis]; ... | 2000 | 11015386 |
| development of a pcr-based line probe assay for identification of fungal pathogens. | we report on a reverse-hybridization line probe assay (lipa) which when combined with pcr amplification detects and identifies clinically significant fungal pathogens including candida, aspergillus, and cryptococcus species. dna probes have been designed from the internal transcribed-spacer (its) regions of candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, candida dubliniensis, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus versicolor, asp ... | 2000 | 11015393 |
| in vitro susceptibility of candida dubliniensis to current and new antifungal agents. | candida dubliniensis is a recently described candida species closely related to candida albicans, which has been associated with oral candidiasis in hiv-infected patients. fluconazole-resistant strains of c. dubliniensis are easily obtained in vitro and this fact could be a complication if this resistance develops during treatment with this drug. | 2000 | 11053905 |
| differentiation of candida dubliniensis from candida albicans on staib agar and caffeic acid-ferric citrate agar. | the methods currently available for the identification of the pathogenic yeast candida dubliniensis all have disadvantages in that they are time-consuming, expensive, and/or, in some cases, unreliable. in a recent study (p. staib and j. morschhäuser, mycoses 42:521-524; 1999) of 14 c. dubliniensis and 11 c. albicans isolates, it was suggested that the ability of c. dubliniensis to produce rough colonies and chlamydospores (chlamydoconidia) on staib agar (sa) provided a simple means of differenti ... | 2001 | 11136791 |
| molecular and phenotypic identification of the yeast pathogen candida dubliniensis. | candida dubliniensis is an emerging yeast pathogen generally misclassified as candida albicans by standard diagnostic procedures. this study examined the efficiency of molecular identification, based on a discriminative pcr test, in a prospective study on the prevalence of c. dubliniensis among 103 oropharyngeal isolates from hiv-infected individuals or transplant recipients, and 30 vaginal isolates. all of the isolates had been classified as c. albicans by standard laboratory procedures. the pc ... | 2000 | 11140378 |
| comparison of virulence factors of oral candida dubliniensis and candida albicans isolates in healthy people and patients with chronic candidosis. | we determined differences in the expression of certain virulence factors between oral candida dubliniensis and candida albicans species. in addition, clonal differences were sought among c. albicans isolates recovered from patients with and without compromised immune system. the material comprised 93 clinical yeast isolates originated in 40 subjects (1-5 isolates per subject). all 26 c. dubliniensis isolates and 46 c. albicans isolates originated from healthy routine dental clinic patients. addi ... | 2000 | 11154409 |
| comparison of the hydrophobic properties of candida albicans and candida dubliniensis. | although candida dubliniensis is a close genetic relative of candida albicans, it colonizes and infects fewer sites. nearly all instances of candidiasis caused by c. dubliniensis are restricted to the oral cavity. as cell surface hydrophobicity (csh) influences virulence of c. albicans, csh properties of c. dubliniensis were investigated and compared to c. albicans. growth temperature is one factor which affects the csh status of stationary-phase c. albicans. however, c. dubliniensis, similar to ... | 2001 | 11159968 |
| first report of candida dubliniensis in the middle east. | 2001 | 11191232 | |
| carbohydrate assimilation profiles of the first italian candida dubliniensis clinical isolates recovered from an hiv-infected individual. | a total of six candida dubliniensis isolates were obtained during 1 year of monitoring by monthly swabs from the oral cavity of an asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual in catania, italy. to the authors' knowledge, this constitutes the first recovery of c. dubliniensis from a human in italy. our identification procedure was based on colony color on chromagar candida and carbohydrate assimilation profiles obtained by two commercial systems: api id 32c and api 20c aux. kary ... | 2000 | 11191815 |
| [new developments in medical mycology]. | not only have the systemic mycoses clearly increased in number but also mycoses of the skin are more common than presumed in the past. today onychomycosis is found in up to 10% of human beings. onychomycosis can compromise quality of life markedly. common tinea pedis is one of the most important risk factors for erysipelas of the lower legs. the clinical presentation of oral candidosis in hiv-infected patients is changing; candida dubliniensis has been identified as another important causative m ... | 2001 | 11244898 |
| candida dubliniensis at a cancer center. | candida dubliniensis, a germ tube-positive yeast first described and identified as a cause of oral candidiasis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in europe in 1995, has an expanding clinical and geographic distribution that appears to be similar to that of the other germ tube-positive yeast, candida albicans. this study determined the frequency, clinical spectrum, drug susceptibility profile, and suitable methods for identification of this emerging pathogen at a cancer center in ... | 2001 | 11264031 |
| genotypic identification of candida dubliniensis isolated from hiv patients by mlee. | candida dubliniensis is a novel species only recently described. this emerging pathogen shares some of the phenotypic characteristics specific to c. albicans but is genetically different. in this study we typed four strains of atypical c. albicans isolated in our laboratory and compared them to 41 strains of c. albicans and 11 strains of c. dubliniensis by several phenotypic methods and by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. using factorial correspondence analysis, we distinguished c. dubliniensi ... | 2001 | 11270398 |
| identification of candida dubliniensis, based on ribosomal dna sequence analysis. | differentiation of candida albicans and the recently described c. dubliniensis has proven difficult due to the high degree of phenotypic similarity of these species. the present study examines sequence variations in the ribosomal dna (rdna) intergenic transcribed spacer (its) regions of c. albicans (n = 5) and c. dubliniensis (n = 7) strains, with a view to identifying sequence differences that would enable consistent differentiation of these two species by restriction fragment length polymorphi ... | 2001 | 11284217 |
| initial isolation of candida dubliniensis from the middle east. | two isolates of candida dubliniensis were identified from a collection of 30 examined from israel in a molecular epidemiology study. the 30 isolates were tentatively identified as candida albicans. the new species, c. dubliniensis, is being reported from new geographic locales. these two isolates, from an arab and a druze patient, are the first to be reported from the middle east. | 2001 | 11285158 |
| isogenic strain construction and gene targeting in candida dubliniensis. | candida dubliniensis is a recently described opportunistic fungal pathogen that is closely related to candida albicans but differs from it with respect to epidemiology, certain virulence characteristics, and the ability to develop fluconazole resistance in vitro. a comparison of c. albicans and c. dubliniensis at the molecular level should therefore provide clues about the mechanisms used by these two species to adapt to their human host. in contrast to c. albicans, no auxotrophic c. dubliniensi ... | 2001 | 11292806 |
| evaluation of a reformulated chromagar candida. | chromagar candida is a differential culture medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of clinically important yeasts. recently the medium was reformulated by becton dickinson. this study was designed to evaluate the performance of the new formula of chromagar against the original chromagar candida for recovery, growth, and colony color with stock cultures and with direct plating of clinical specimens. a total of 90 stock yeast isolates representing nine yeast species, including can ... | 2001 | 11326038 |
| new assay for measuring cell surface hydrophobicities of candida dubliniensis and candida albicans. | hydrophobic interactions, based on cell surface hydrophobicity (csh), are among the many and varied mechanisms of adherence deployed by the pathogenic yeast candida albicans. recently it was shown that, unlike c. albicans, c. dubliniensis is a species that exhibits an outer fibrillar layer consistent with constant csh. previously, c. dubliniensis grown at 25 or 37 degrees c was shown to coaggregate with the oral anaerobic bacterium fusobacterium nucleatum. c. albicans, however, demonstrated simi ... | 2001 | 11329462 |
| identification of candida dubliniensis based on the specific amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. | candida dubliniensis, a recently described candida species, is frequently isolated from oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals. to detect the organism rapidly, we have developed specific oligonucleotide primers based on the sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. these primers selectively amplified dna only from c. dubliniensis; the dnas of all pathogenic candida species tested, as well as those of medically relevant yeasts such as cryptococcus neoformans, an ... | 2001 | 11331471 |
| first isolation of candida dubliniensis in rio grande do sul, brazil. | candida dubliniensis is a newly recognized species closely phylogenetically related to candida albicans and is commonly associated with oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. in this paper we report the isolation of three strains of c. dubliniensis, from aids patients, in the state of rio grande do sul (brazil). the phenotypic identification was based on germ tube emission, abundant production of chlamydospores, assimilation of sucrose but not of xylose and the inabi ... | 2001 | 11337183 |
| pcr fingerprinting: a convenient molecular tool to distinguish between candida dubliniensis and candida albicans. | candida dubliniensis was recently identified as a germ-tube- and chlamydospore-positive yeast, phenotypically and morphologically indistinguishable from the phylogenetically closely related yeast species c. albicans and its synonymized variant c. stellatoidea. the high similarity between these yeast species causes significant problems in the correct identification of c. dubliniensis in a standard clinical mycology laboratory. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fingerprinting was successfully applie ... | 2001 | 11346267 |
| distinguishing candida species by beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase activity. | a variety of fungi produce the hydrolytic enzyme beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase (hexnacase), which can be readily detected in assays by using p-nitrophenyl-n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminide as a substrate. in the present study we developed a microtiter plate-based hexnacase assay for distinguishing candida albicans and candida dubliniensis strains from other yeast species. hexnacase activity was detected in 89 of 92 (97%) c. albicans strains and 4 of 4 c. dubliniensis strains but not in 28 strains of e ... | 2001 | 11376040 |
| candida dubliniensis candidemia in australia. | 2001 | 11384536 | |
| chlamydospore formation on staib agar. observations made before candida dubliniensis was described. | when routinely using staib agar to detect cryptococcus neoformans in aids patients by the brown colour effect of its colonies, rough-looking colonies of a questionable variety of candida albicans were also found. microscopically, these colonies consisted of pseudohyphae with abundant masses of chlamydospores. however, the colonies of c. albicans were smooth-edged and formed by round-oval blastospores only. such observations were made during the mycological supervision of 36 cryptococcosis cases ... | 2001 | 11398637 |
| candida dubliniensis in radiation-induced oropharyngeal candidiasis. | candida dubliniensis is a recently described species that has been shown to cause oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with hiv. we present a detailed evaluation of a patient undergoing head and neck radiation for oral cancer who developed oropharyngeal candidiasis from a mixed infection of c dubliniensis and candida albicans. to our knowledge, this is the first described case of c dubliniensis contributing to oropharyngeal candidiasis in this patient population. | 2001 | 11402278 |
| [absence of candida dubliniensis in a population of institutionalized elderly patients]. | 2001 | 11440689 | |
| comparative evaluation of three commercial software packages for analysis of dna polymorphism patterns. | in the present study we have compared three commercial software packages, gelcompar, molecular analyst fingerprinting, and bioimage, to determine if the results generated by the programs were comparable and correlated adequately with visual interpretation of electrophoretic gels, in the analysis of several well characterized incidents of infections. | 2001 | 11442567 |
| serological differentiation of experimentally induced candida dubliniensis and candida albicans infections. | using a rabbit model of systemic infection, we show that it is possible to differentiate infections caused by candida dubliniensis and other candida species by detecting the antibody response mounted by the infected animals. these results confirm our previous observation in a patient with c. dubliniensis candidemia and suggest that detection of c. dubliniensis-specific antibodies is useful in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis caused by this yeast. | 2001 | 11474033 |
| extensive chromosome translocation in a clinical isolate showing the distinctive carbohydrate assimilation profile from a candidiasis patient. | variation of the electrophoretic karyotype is common among clinical strains of candida albicans and chromosome translocation is considered one of the causes of karyotypic variation. such chromosome translocations may be a mechanism to confer phenotypic diversity on the imperfect fungus c. albicans. a clinical strain, tch23, from a vaginal candidiasis patient shows distinct carbohydrate assimilation profile, serotype b, no chlamydospore formation and an atypical karyotype (asakura et al., 1991). ... | 2001 | 11481674 |
| biofilm formation by candida dubliniensis. | candida dubliniensis is an opportunistic yeast closely related to candida albicans that has been recently implicated in oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. most manifestations of candidiasis are associated with biofilm formation, with cells in biofilms displaying properties dramatically different from free-living cells grown under normal laboratory conditions. here, we report on the development of in vitro models of c. dubliniensis biofilms on the surface ... | 2001 | 11526156 |
| effect of the growth medium on the in vitro antifungal activity of micafungin (fk-463) against clinical isolates of candida dubliniensis. | micafungin (fk-463), a member of the new candin family of antifungal agents, was highly active against clinical isolates of candida albicans and candida dubliniensis. the in vitro activity of micafungin suggested that it was more potent than fluconazole, flucytosine, amphotericin b or voriconazole against c. albicans, and comparable or moderately less effective against c. dubliniensis isolates when high-resolution medium (hr) was used. lower mics of micafungin were recorded when rpmi 2% or am3 2 ... | 2001 | 11679561 |
| pcr fingerprinting of candida albicans associated with chronic hyperplastic candidosis and other oral conditions. | the purpose of this study was to genotype strains of candida albicans to determine whether specific types were associated with chronic hyperplastic candidosis (chc). a total of 67 candidal isolates from chc patients (n = 17) and from patients with other oral conditions (n = 21) were genotyped by pcr fingerprinting employing two interrepeat primer combinations (1245 and 1246 primers or 1251 primer) and a single minisatellite-specific m13 primer. the most suitable primer for fingerprint analysis w ... | 2001 | 11682531 |
| differentiation of candida albicans and candida dubliniensis by fluorescent in situ hybridization with peptide nucleic acid probes. | the recent discovery of candida dubliniensis as a separate species that traditionally has been identified as candida albicans has led to the development of a variety of biochemical and molecular methods for the differentiation of these two pathogenic yeasts. rrna sequences are well-established phylogenetic markers, and probes targeting species-specific rrna sequences have been used in diagnostic assays for the detection and identification of microorganisms. peptide nucleic acid (pna) is a dna mi ... | 2001 | 11682542 |
| multicenter prospective surveillance of oral candida dubliniensis among adult brazilian human immunodeficiency virus-positive and aids patients. | the incidence of c. dubliniensis in south america has not yet been determined. in the present study, oral swab samples were taken from 108 hiv-infected/aids individuals attending 6 separate brazilian hiv-treatment centers to determine the incidence of c. dubliniensis in this population. swabs were plated onto chromagar candida medium and 155 isolates, presumptively identified as c. albicans or c. dubliniensis were further investigated. in a preliminary screen for c. dubliniensis, 13 of the 155 i ... | 2001 | 11687311 |
| mdr1-mediated drug resistance in candida dubliniensis. | candida dubliniensis is a recently described opportunistic fungal pathogen that is closely related to candida albicans. candida dubliniensis readily develops resistance to the azole antifungal agent fluconazole, both in vitro and in infected patients, and this resistance is usually associated with upregulation of the cdmdr1 gene, encoding a multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily. to determine the role of cdmdr1 in drug resistance in c. dubliniensis, we constructed an mdr1 nul ... | 2001 | 11709317 |
| fluconazole susceptibility of italian candida dubliniensis clinical isolates determined by reference and simplified tests. | candida dubliniensis ia an opportunistic pathogen mainly associated with oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals. we recently recovered the first italian clinical isolates of c. dubliniensis from the oral cavities of seven hiv-seropositive subjects. the in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole (flcz) of these isolates was determined according to the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) m27-a broth microdilution method for yeasts. all seve ... | 2001 | 11718378 |
| recovery of candida dubliniensis and other yeasts from human immunodeficiency virus-associated periodontal lesions. | oral and subgingival samples from periodontal lesions were collected from 54 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and 20 hiv-negative patients and cultured for yeast species. of the 54 samples cultured from hiv-positive patients, 44 (82%) were positive for yeast species, of which 29 (66%) were subgingival. a total of 19 (48%) patients were positive for candida dubliniensis, of which 15 (79%) were colonized in subgingival sites. seven isolates of candida glabrata, two isolates of candida p ... | 2001 | 11724873 |
| prevalence of yeast among children in nigeria and the united states. | fungal infections have gained considerable importance over the last decade as a result of significant increase in the incidence of opportunistic and systemic candidosis. although candida albicans is the predominant causative agent of candidosis, particularly oral disease, recently an epidemiological trend has been observed where other less pathogenic species of candida, including the newly characterized species candida dubliniensis, are emerging as significant opportunistic pathogens. the presen ... | 2001 | 11737663 |
| candida dubliniensis fungemia in a solid organ transplant patient: case report and review of the literature. | we report a case of candida dubliniensis fungemia in a solid organ transplant patient, which, to our knowledge is the first such case in this patient population. c. dubliniensis is a recently described, emerging fungal pathogen, thus far, found in aids and a limited number of other immunosuppressed patients. it is of interest and concern because it can be misidentified as c. albicans and it may be resistant to azole antifungal agents. this case illustrates the need to be aware of emerging pathog ... | 2001 | 11798053 |
| candida dubliniensis candidaemia in an hiv-positive patient in ireland. | candida dubliniensis was first identified in dublin in 1995 in oral isolates recovered from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals. although c. dubliniensis has been primarily recovered from the oral cavities of hiv-infected individuals, the number of reports describing its isolation from hiv-negative individuals, including cases of candidaemia, is growing. to date there has only been one report of c. dubliniensis candidaemia in an hiv-infected patient, in this case from the usa ... | 2002 | 11802932 |
| carriage frequency, intensity of carriage, and strains of oral yeast species vary in the progression to oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals. | candida samples were taken over a period of 2 years from 54 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive asymptomatic subjects to evaluate changes in yeast carriage, intensity of carriage, and genotype over time. overall, we found that hiv-positive patients with cd4(+)-cell counts of between 200 and 400/microl had significantly more yeast colonization than healthy control subjects. of the 54 patients, 11 developed thrush. we found that intensity of carriage in these 11 patients increased signific ... | 2002 | 11825940 |
| identification of four distinct genotypes of candida dubliniensis and detection of microevolution in vitro and in vivo. | the present study investigates further the population structure of candida dubliniensis and its ability to exhibit microevolution. using 98 isolates (including 80 oral isolates) from 94 patients in 15 countries, we confirmed the existence of two distinct populations within the species c. dubliniensis, designated cd25 group i and cd25 group ii, respectively, on the basis of dna fingerprints generated with the c. dubliniensis-specific probe cd25. the majority of cd25 group i isolates (48 of 71, 67 ... | 2002 | 11825972 |