Publications

[acne vulgaris: results of food allergen tests and a controlled elimination diet (author's transl)].	120 patients with acne vulgaris had to undergo an intracutaneous allergen test with 23 of the most important food allergens. the skin test results of 83 patients (69.2%) were negative, only 9 (7.4%) showed a distinct immediate reaction on four or more food extracts. almonds showed the most positive reactions (11.6%), then malt (10%), cheese, mustard, red pepper (8.3% each), and wheaten flour (7.5%). thereupon the patients were instructed to either keep no diet at all, or to follow an acne diet, ...	1978	150350
the analysis of essential oils and extracts (oleoresins) from seasonings--a critical review.	a critical review of the analytical methods employed for the determination of the relevant components of seasonings is presented. where the available methods were inadequate, new ones have been devised. particular emphasis has been placed on those methods of analysis that provide a rapid and sufficiently accurate appraisal of seasoning extracts and essential oils from seasonings under routine control laboratory conditions. at the same time, the margin of error of these methods has been determine ...	1977	336288
incidence of aflatoxin-potential contamination in spanish sausages.	525 strains of moulds were isolated from 8 samples of red pepper (capsicum annuum) and from 3 samples of black pepper (piper nigrum). these spices were commonly added to the various kinds of spanish sausages, specially to the spanish "chorizo". of these 525 isolated moulds, 100 belonged to the aspergillus flavus group. 69 were isolated from red pepper and 31 from black pepper. of these strains, 28 strains isolated from red pepper were found positive in producing aflatoxin b1 while only 8 of the ...	1977	613913
the effect of red pepper on gastric secretion in ethiopia.		1978	744186
occurrence of lanosterol and lanostenol in seeds of red pepper (capsicum annuum).	cycloartenol and cycloartanol are the major components of the 4,4-dimethylsterol fraction separated from the seeds of red pepper (capsicum annuum, solanaceae). lanosterol and lanostenol, whose occurrence in higher plants has hitherto been known as extremely rare, are identified in the fraction by gas liquid chromatography, combined gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and isolation as their epoxides.	1977	898228
[t.l.c. separation and capsaicin evaluation in red peppers (author's transl)].	capsaicin is extracted from dried powdered pepper by 2-propanol in soxhlet, separated by tlc on silica gel, developing with petroleum ether (40-60 degrees c pb), chloroform and acetonitrile (40:45:15) mixture and spectrophotometrically estimated at 280nm. the method appears to be accurate and suitable for routine analysis.	2013	1037424
collaborative study of a method for the extraction of light filth from crushed red peppers.	a new method was developed for the extraction of light filth from crushed red peppers. the method utilizes an isoprapanol defatting of the product followed by separation of light filth elements with mineral oil and n-heptane (85+15) in a 2 l trap flask. collaborative studies resulted in good recoveries of light filth spike elements and clean extration papers. the method has been adopted as official first action.	1975	1170161
[on the phenolic acids of vegetables. ii. hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids of fruit and seed vegetables (author's transl)].	fruits of solanaceae (tomatoes, eggplant, and sweet peppers) almost exclusively contain hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives with caffeic acid dominating. fruits of cucurbitaceae (cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, and zucchini) are extraordinary, because they show very low concentrations of phenolic acids (up to 10 mg/kg) accumulated in the peels. peas and broad beans have relatively small contents of phenolic acids too. their husks show like beans considerable concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acid deri ...	1975	1224795
[a case of recurrent alimentary lead poisoning].	the authors describe a case of lead poisoning in a family (father, mother, son, daughter). the condition was at first diagnosed as acute hepatic porphyria. the correct diagnosis was made on the basis of increased urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid and coproporphyrin and on the basis of the revealed reversibly inhibited activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in red blood cells. the source of intoxication was the use of red lead pigment instead of dried red pepper.	1992	1394376
analgesic effect of capsaicin in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.	twelve informed and consenting patients were studied to determine the influence of capsaicin, the pungent component of the red pepper, on trigeminal neuralgia. all of these patients had idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. these patients were followed up for 1 yr after the topical application over the painful area of 1.0 g of capsaicin three times a day for several days. six patients had complete and four patients had partial relief of pain; the remaining two patients had no relief of pain. of the 1 ...	1999	1539818
the effect of red and black pepper on orocecal transit time.	the effects of spices on intestinal peristalsis have not been studied in humans. in this pilot study we evaluated the effects of red pepper and black pepper on small intestinal peristalsis measuring orocecal transit time (octt) utilizing a lactulose hydrogen breath test. subjects included 16 healthy volunteers. the lactulose hydrogen breath test was done on different days with or without the powdered red pepper (2 g) or black pepper (1.5 g) given in gelatin capsules. the baseline orocecal transi ...	1992	1578101
dietary exposure to aflatoxin in benin city, nigeria: a possible public health concern.	a total of 100 samples of various foods comprising of 10 samples each of garri (manihot utilis pohl), beans (phaseolus lunatus), yam flour (dioscorea rotundata), cassava flour (manihot esculentum), melon (citrulus lunatus), onion (allium cepa), rice (oryza sativa), plantain (musa paradisiaca), red pepper (capsicum annuum l., solanaceae) and eggs were screened for the presence of aflatoxins. fifty percent of yam flour; 40% of cassava flour; 30% of garri; 20% of beans and melon and 10% of rice yie ...	1991	1777386
use of digoxigenin-labelled probes for detection and host-range studies of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus.	we studied the host range of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) in some agronomically important tomato species. transmission tests with the natural vector bemisia tabaci from tomato to sweet pepper, eggplant, cucumber, melon, zucchini and spinach showed that these species did not develop symptoms and did not support viral replication. these species therefore do not constitutive a reservoir of the virus and can be cultivated as alternatives to tomato in the most affected areas. for host-range ...	1991	1796214
the effect of spices on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity and on serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in the rat.	the effect of feeding curcumin, capsaicin, ginger, mustard, black pepper and cumin on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism was studied in rats. the activity of hepatic cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid biosynthesis, was significantly elevated in curcumin (turmeric), capsaicin (red pepper), ginger and mustard treated animals. the enzyme activity was comparable to controls in black pepper and cumin fed rats. serum and liver microsomal cholesterol contents were ...	1991	1806542
detection of aflatoxin b1 in imported food products into japan by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high performance liquid chromatography.	in order to detect the presence of aflatoxin b1 (afb1), the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and recovery test was evaluated. the detection limit of elisa for afb1 was 1 pg/assay and the recovery from maize spiked with afb1 exceeded 80%. afb1 was detected by elisa in seven out of twelve samples of imported food products including peanut, almond, red pepper, cocoa bean, black pepper, buckwheat, walnut, adlay, soybean, popcorn, and pistachio nut, and by high performance liquid ...	1991	1830779
plasma cell gingivitis of unusual origin. a case report.	plasma cell gingivitis is a rare benign condition of the gingiva. it is marked by a dense infiltrate of normal plasma cells separated into aggregates by strands of collagen. it is a hypersensitivity reaction to some antigen, often flavorings or spices. the importance of this lesion is that it may cause severe gingival inflammation, discomfort, and bleeding and may mimic more serious conditions. plaque control and conventional periodontal therapy alone will not cure this disease. the etiologic ag ...	1991	1870070
comparison of the effects of piperine administered intragastrically and intraperitoneally on the liver and liver mixed-function oxidases in rats.	piperine, a major pungent constituent of black and red peppers, was administered to rats intragastrically and intraperitoneally to study whether it alters the activities of hepatic mixed-function oxidases (mfo) and serum enzymes as specific markers of hepatotoxicity. an intragastric dose of 100 mg/kg of piperine to adult, male sprague-dawley rats caused an increase in hepatic microsomal cytochrome p-450 and cytochrome b5, nadph-cytochrome c reductase, benzphetamine n-demethylase, aminopyrine n-d ...	1991	1893751
the effect of essential oil type on the setting time of grossman's sealer and roth root canal cement.	setting times were determined for mixtures consisting of the powder components of grossman's sealer or roth root canal cement with either eugenol, oil of pimento or oil of melaleuca. the powder component of grossman's sealer, when mixed with eugenol or oil of pimento, had a significantly shorter setting time than did the powder component of grossman's sealer mixed with oil of melaleuca or roth root canal cement mixed with eugenol, oil of pimento, or oil of melaleuca.	1991	1940754
spice allergy in celery-sensitive patients.	scratch tests (sct) with powdered commercial spices were performed in 70 patients with positive skin tests to birch and/or mugwort pollens and celery. positive sct to aniseed, fennel, coriander and cumin--all from the same botanical family (apiaceae) as celery--were observed in more than 24 patients. spices from unrelated families (red pepper, white pepper, ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon) elicited positive immediate skin test reactions only in three of 11 patients. specific serum ige to spices (determ ...	1991	1957997
[botulism in the czech republic].	in a retrospective study the authors analyzed 76 cases of botulism reported in 1961-1989 in the czech republic. the analysis of descriptive data pertained to the annual incidence of botulism with a maximum of cases in 1966, 1973 and 1984 (11, 7 and 6 cases); geographical distribution with a maximum incidence in the south and central bohemian region (100,000 population); age distribution with a predominance in subjects above 15 years. the dominating vehicle of botulism was in 61% of the notified ...	1991	2004397
diet and nutrition in ulcer disease.	in this era of h2-inhibitors, the available evidence does not support the need to place peptic ulcer disease patients on restrictive diets. the major goal of diet is to avoid extreme elevations of gastric acid secretion and the direct irritation of gastric mucosa. in view of this, only slight modifications in the patient's usual diet are recommended. table 1 depicts a sample menu for chronic peptic ulcer disease. frequent milk ingestion as previously prescribed is not encouraged. this is owing t ...	1991	2072799
inhibition by capsaicin of nadh-quinone oxidoreductases is correlated with the presence of energy-coupling site 1 in various organisms.	the nadh-ubiquinone reductase activity of the respiratory chains of several organisms was inhibited by capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, which are the pungent principles of red pepper. this inhibition was correlated with the presence of an energy transducing site in this segment of the respiratory chain. where the nadh-quinone oxidoreductase segment involved an energy coupling site (e.g., in paracoccus denitrificans, escherichia coli, and thermus thermophilus hb-8 membranes and bovine heart mitoch ...	1990	2118334
effect of unilateral vagotomy on capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation in the trachea of rats.	this study reports the effect of unilateral vagotomy on neurogenic inflammation in the trachea. neurogenic inflammation was produced in the trachea of vagotomized rats by a venous injection of capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of red pepper. monastral blue was used as tracer dye to label the affected blood vessels. vagus nerves and tracheal tissues were processed for light and electron microscopy. the damaged right vagus nerve was found to have degenerated. however, unilateral vagotomy did not c ...	1990	2213967
the dual function of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves in the bladder and urethra.	the sensory innervation of the urinary bladder and urethra plays a key role in a variety of reflexes involved in urine storage and voiding. dysfunction of these systems is a possible cause of many disturbances related to urine continence but basic knowledge in this field has been hampered by the lack of tools for studying sensory nerves. the use of capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of red peppers, allowed us to investigate the anatomical and functional properties of a specific subset of sensory ...	1990	2226067
childbearing beliefs among cambodian refugee women.	the reproductive beliefs and practices of 12 cambodian women who had begun childbearing in southeast asia and were currently residents of canada's cambodian community of refugees were assessed through in-depth ethnographic interviews. the researcher, a public health nurse in a clinic that served a predominantly refugee population, conducted the interviews through female bilingual translators and obtained endorsement from the cambodian association. respondents averaged 35 years of age, were marri ...	1990	2301165
diet, living conditions and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in tunisia--a case-control study.	we conducted a case-control study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) in tunisia, on diet, dietary patterns and life style, the characteristics of which had been defined by an anthropological study. eighty incident cases, diagnosed in tunisia between november 1986 and november 1987, were each matched for sex, age and place of residence to 2 controls. the subjects were asked for dietary data referring to the year preceding the diagnosis of npc and, with help of their families, during childhood and ...	1990	2394508
effects of the substance p antagonist [d-arg1,d-pro2,d-trp7,9,leu11]sp on miosis caused by echothiophate iodide or pilocarpine hydrochloride.	the anticholinesterase agent echothiophate iodide (ei) and the cholinergic agent pilocarpine hydrochloride (pilocarpine), drugs commonly used in glaucoma therapy, cause miosis in rabbits as well as in man. in rabbits the miotic effect decreases after a few days of treatment, a phenomenon possibly due to a drug-induced decrease in the number of muscarinic receptors. however, the muscarinic pupillary contraction caused by stimulation of the retina with light is intact. in this investigation the mi ...	1985	2412852
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and cough.	angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) inhibitors produce a dry, nonproductive cough in some patients. retrospective surveys have suggested an incidence of cough of between 0.7 and 14%. those patients who develop cough show a marked increase in the sensitivity of the cough reflex to inhalation of the extract of red pepper, capsaicin. they have a normal response before treatment, and the sensitivity of the cough reflex returns to normal when therapy is discontinued. the mechanism of this important s ...	1989	2474108
[comparative observations of the behavior of ethephon in fruit, coffee and paprika].	after application of flordimex to soft and stone fruit for fruit abscission and acceleration of ripening obvious ethephon residues have been found. therefore, the dose rate has to be restricted to keep the maximum residue limit. the same is true for the use of flordimex for fruit abscission in apples, whereas for yield regulation residues are far below 0.05 mg/kg in apples. a typical feature of the active ingredient is the large quantity of its residues in juice and wine, which is as high as eth ...	1989	2608103
resiniferatoxin, a phorbol-related diterpene, acts as an ultrapotent analog of capsaicin, the irritant constituent in red pepper.	resiniferatoxin is an extremely irritant diterpene present in the latex of several members of the genus euphorbia. its mechanism of action has been shown to be clearly distinct from that of the structurally related phorbol esters. since resiniferatoxin possesses a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl substituent, a key feature of capsaicin, the major pungent ingredient of plants of the genus capsicum, we examined the ability of resiniferatoxin to induce typical capsaicin responses. we report here that trea ...	1989	2747924
effects of capsaicin on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet.	effects of capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, were studied in experiments using male rats fed a diet containing 30% lard. capsaicin was supplemented at 0.014% of the diet. the level of serum triglyceride was lower when capsaicin was present in the diet than when it was not. levels of serum cholesterol and pre-beta-lipoprotein were not affected by the supplementation of capsaicin. the perirenal adipose tissue weight was lower when capsaicin was present in the diet than when it was ...	1986	2875141
spectrophotometric analysis of irradiated spices.	seven different spices (thyme, cinnamon, coriander, caraway, pimento, paprika, black pepper) were treated by gamma radiation at an absorbed dose of 10 kgy, and the effect on chemical quality was determined. the effects of this dose were assessed by spectrophotometric analysis of some water-soluble constituents of spices (carbohydrates; carbonyl compounds) and on the content of water-insoluble steam-volatile oils. the colour of paprika and the content of piperine in pepper held in different packa ...	1987	3040629
effect of red pepper and black pepper on the stomach.	spices have long been implicated as a cause of gastric mucosal injury. we assessed the effects of red and black pepper on the gastric mucosa using double-blind intragastric administration of test meals containing red pepper (0.1-1.5 g) or black pepper (1.5 g) to healthy human volunteers; aspirin (655 mg) and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. serial gastric washes were performed after test meal administration and gastric contents were analyzed for dna, pep ...	1987	3103424
inhibition of calcium and calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase activity in rats by capsaicin.	capsaicin, reported to elevate hormone sensitive lipase (hsl), is also found to inhibit the ca++ and calmodulin-dependent camp phosphodiesterase (pde) activity in adipose tissue of rats, fed high fat diet. the dependence of the enzyme activity on ca++ and calmodulin in vitro, in control rats, is shown by its substantial lowering in the presence of egta and inhibition by trifluoperazine (tfp) (ic50 between 10-20 microm). this enzyme activity is also inhibited by both red pepper extract (80% inhib ...	1987	3118870
headaches and sinus disease: the endoscopic approach.	headaches can be of sinugenic origin even if this cause may not be suspected from the case history. endoscopy of the lateral nasal wall with rigid cold light endoscopes in combination with polytomography or computed tomography usually will reveal the underlying causes hidden from the unaided eye, the operating microscope, and standard x-ray examination. small lesions in the lesser cells of the ethmoid complex may give rise to headaches, especially when located in the key areas of the ethmoid inf ...	1988	3140703
non-mutagenicity of capsaicin in albino mice.	capsaicin, the active principle of red pepper, administered intraperitoneally to adult male mice at doses of 0.4, 0.8 or 1.6 mg/kg body weight/day (1/20, 1/10 or 1/5 of the ld50) on five consecutive days, did not induce any clinical signs of toxicity. no significant alterations were observed in epididymal weights, caudal sperm counts, testicular weights or testicular histology. in the sperm morphology assay, sperms at 1, 3, 5 and 7 wk did not reveal any treatment-related increase in the incidenc ...	2011	3209135
study of the bacillus flora of nigerian spices.	bacteriological examination of 230 samples of five different unprocessed spices (aligator pepper, red pepper, black pepper, thyme and curry powder) collected randomly from port harcourt main markets revealed that the spices were highly contaminated, with bacterial counts ranging from 1.8 x 10(4) to 1.1 x 10(8) per gram. bacillus cereus was isolated in high numbers in the majority of the 230 samples examined. it was also observed that other bacillus spp. including b. subtilis, b. polymyxa and b. ...	1988	3275301
mould deterioration of agricultural commodities during transit: problems faced by developing countries.	huge quantities of agricultural commodities are being either imported or exported by the developing countries. the commodities have to be transported from the fields of cultivation to the centres of consumption, considerable time being taken for the movement not only because of long distances but also because of various socio-economic, environmental and biological reasons. these commodities are likely to be damaged by mould growth and subsequent aflatoxin accumulation. if the contamination occur ...	2010	3275325
some pungent principles of spices cause the adrenal medulla to secrete catecholamine in anesthetized rats.	we recently reported that capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, evokes catecholamine secretion from the rat adrenal medulla. in this study, the effects of some pungent principles of spices on adrenal catecholamine secretion were investigated as compared with that of capsaicin. an increase in catecholamine, especially epinephrine, secretion was observed not only on capsaicin infusion but also on piperine (a pungent principle of pepper) and zingerone (ginger) infusion. even on infusion ...	1988	3375268
simplified cleanup and gas chromatographic determination of organophosphorus pesticides in crops.	a simple and efficient cleanup method for gas chromatographic determination of 23 organophosphorus pesticides in crops including onion is described. the sample was extracted with acetone. the extract was purified with coagulating solution, which contained ammonium chloride and phosphoric acid, and then filtered by suction. the filtrate was diluted with nacl solution and reextracted with benzene. the organic layer was evaporated and injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photomet ...	1987	3610958
[organic acids of various kinds of vegetables. iv. changes in the acids and sugar in tomatoes, sweet peppers and cucumbers during development and ripening].	concentrations of organic acids and sugars in tomatoes and sweet peppers change notably during ripening. the concentration of malic acid decreases while that of citric acid increases considerably and in redripe fruits clearly exceeds the content of malic acid. several maxima and minima in acid concentrations occur during development. both species show constant proportions of citric and isocitric acid (200:1 and 30:1 respectively). in sweet pepper, quinic and ascorbic acid can be found in noticea ...	2013	3811599
capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, evokes catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla of anesthetized rats.	using a direct monitoring system for catecholamine (ca) secretion into the adrenal vein, we have demonstrated that capsaicin (cap) evokes ca secretion from the adrenal medulla of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. a significant increase in epinephrine (e) secretion was seen in rats infused with cap (200 micrograms/kg, i.v.) without a detectable lag after the infusion. norepinephrine (ne) secretion evoked by cap was fairly weak compared with e secretion. the secretion of e evoked by cap was dose-am ...	1987	3814133
co-carcinogenic effects of several korean foods on gastric cancer induced by n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine in rats.	in study i, 48 aci and fisher inbred rats were given mnng 100 micrograms/ml, with or without 1 per cent or 3 per cent red pepper diet; in study ii, 164 sprague-dawley rats given mnng 100 micrograms/ml, with or without 5 per cent or 10 per cent nacl; in study iii, 181 wistar rats given mnng 83 micrograms/ml with or without maejoo 10 gm per cent/diet; in study iv, 78 wistar rats given mnng 83 micrograms/ml with or without ginseng extract 150 micrograms/ml; in study v, 120 wistar rats given mnng 83 ...	1985	3831496
effect of spiced food on metabolic rate.	since the time of lavoisier it has been known that the ingestion of food in animals and man produces an increase in oxygen consumption. this increase in metabolic rate was originally called 'specific dynamic action' (sda) and is now widely referred to as the thermic effect (te) of food or diet-induced thermogenesis (dit) (rothwell & stock, 1981). much of the early work on the thermic effect was confined to the type and amount of food, notably the macronutrients--proteins, fats and carbohydrates. ...	1986	3957721
capsaicin pretreatment attenuates suppression of food intake by cholecystokinin.	capsaicin, the pungent principal in red pepper, has been shown to damage small-diameter peptide-containing sensory neurons. suppression of feeding by cholecystokinin octapeptide (cck op) was attenuated after systemic pretreatment with capsaicin. capsaicin pretreatment did not attenuate suppression of food intake by intragastric preloads. pretreatment of rats with microgram quantities of capsaicin injected into the fourth ventricle, near the sites of vagal afferent termination, also attenuated cc ...	1985	3985191
[the differentiation of parts of paprika fruit by analysis of their mineral constituents].	in order to determine the trace metals and minor elements in the different parts of the paprika fruit (red pepper) samples were ashed and analysed by an emission spectrographic method. analysis lines of 9 elements (b, p, fe, mg, si, mn, al, ca, cu) were measured in the arc spectra of the samples, and the logarithmic intensity data processed by pattern recognition methods. from the data obtained the three components of the plant ("exocarp", "seed", and "stem") could be correctly classified. mixtu ...	1985	4002864
[toxicoderma caused by sweet red pepper].		1985	4036294
[antibacterial properties of some spice plants before and after heat treatment].	this study was carried out to understand the antibacterial properties of some spice plants before and after heat treatment in boiling water. the samples included the core and the outer layers of onion, the white and the green parts of green onion, garlic bulb, ginger, ginger root, sweet pepper, chili pepper, brown pepper, and mustard. the test microorganisms included escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio parahaemolyticus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus ...	1985	4064797
control of green peach aphid on sweet peppers in delaware.		1972	4628649
the effect of red pepper (capsicum frutescens) on gastric acid secretion.		1973	4777542
processing of pimento waste to provide a pigment source for poultry feed.		1974	4858833
[fermentation of the pimento used for stuffing green olives].		2000	5083210
irreversible impairment of thermoregulation induced by capsaicin and similar pungent substances in rats and guinea-pigs.	1. in rats and guinea-pigs a subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection of capsaicin, the substance responsible for the pungency of red pepper, produces profound hypothermia associated with skin vasodilatation.2. after large doses of capsaicin rats and guinea-pigs become insensitive to the hypothermic action of capsaicin. this densensitization is apparently irreversible since it is present months after the capsaicin treatment.3. capsaicin-desensitized animals are no longer able to protect themsel ...	1970	5498502
microflora of black and red pepper.	dilution cultures of 30 samples of ground black pepper yielded an average of 39,000 colonies of fungi per g, with a range of 1,700 to 310,000 per g. total numbers of colonies of bacteria from 11 samples averaged 194,000,000 per g, with a range from 8,300,000 to 704,000,000 per g. a variety of fungi grew from nearly all surface-disinfected whole peppercorns that were cultured. thirteen samples of ground red pepper from the united states yielded an average of 1,600 colonies of storage fungi per g ...	1967	6035055
[contact allergy to anacardiaceae. a review and case reports of poison ivy allergy in central europe].	in europe, as opposed to north america, poison-ivy rash is hardly known. for this reason a detailed review of the allergenic members of the anacardiaceae family is given, and the misleading nomenclature of "poison ivy", "poison oak", and some other species of this family are discussed. an up-to-date representation of the chemical structure of the allergenic substance group (denoted as "urushiol") from this family is provided as well as botanical information regarding the plants themselves. preve ...	1983	6227468
capsaicin pretreatment prevents disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in the rabbit eye.	capsaicin, the irritating agent of red pepper, produces ocular inflammation through a neurogenic mechanism. the present study is concerned with the long-term effects of capsaicin pretreatment on the capacity of the eye to respond to different inflammatory stimuli. following retrobulbar injection of capsaicin to rabbits the aqueous flare response induced by subsequent infrared irradiation (ir) of the iris, subcutaneously administered alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and exogenousl ...	1983	6602116
application of a minicolumn detection method for screening spices for aflatoxin.	the minicolumn of holaday and lansden was modified by increasing the height of neutral alumina and including a layer of anhydrous sodium sulphate. using this procedure, aflatoxin was detected in 18 of 125 samples of black pepper, red pepper, ginger and turmeric. a few samples of each spice contained aflatoxin, although red pepper and turmeric showed the highest incidence. aflatoxin b1 quantities ranged from 10 ug/kg to 120 ug/kg when estimated quantitatively by visual comparison with standards o ...	1980	6769994
[effects of inflammation and stimulant diets on functions of autonomic nervous system (author's transl)].	in usual medical consultation, we have been met a lot of female patients suffering from disturbances of autonomic nervous system such as headache, shoulder-ache and so on. experiments were designed to elucidate whether or not these disturbances of autonomic nervous system were induced by inflammation and accelerated by stimulant diets. functions of autonomic nervous system were examined by lipolysis in rat epididymal adipose tissue which was partly controlled by sympathetic nervous system. it wa ...	1981	7246063
the effects of capsaicin on intestinal sodium and fluid transport.	capsaicin, the pungent component of red pepper, was studied to determine its inhibitory effect on fluid and na+ absorption using rat and hamster everted jejunal sacs. at a mucosal concentration of 140 mg% incubated for 60 min, capsaicin reduced the fluid transport into the serosal side by 14.8% in rat and 23.9% in hamster. similarly, na+ transport was also inhibited by 12.5% and 26.2% in rat and hamster, respectively. such decrease in serosal sodium coincided with the increase in na+ content of ...	1980	7277177
high pressure liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in spices.	high pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection is used to determine aflatoxin in 5 common spices. a 10 micrometer microparticulate silica gel column is used with a dichloromethane-cyclohexane-acetonitrile solvent system to resolve aflatoxins b1, g1, b2, and g2. the fluorescence detector contained a silica gel-packed flowcell. samples of black, white, and red pepper, ginger, and nutmeg were extracted according to a previously published method. recoveries from aflatoxin-free sampl ...	1981	7309657
[biological applications of raman resonance spectroscopy and micro-raman resonance spectroscopy].	advantages are given to illustrate the possibilities of resonance raman spectroscopy in the studies of biological systems. a relation giving the size of porphinato-core of metalloporphyrins from resonance raman frequency is proposed. it can be applied to heme, even in lived state. by illuminating the sample through a microscope, resonance raman effect can be collected from 1 (micrometer)2 of sample. spectra of a vegetal-cell wall (pimento) and of a red corpuscle (hemoglobin) are shown as example ...	2006	7332762
hypocholesterolemic effect of red pepper & capsaicin.		1980	7461749
clastogenicity of red pepper (capsicum frutescens l.) extracts.	extracts from the fruits of capsicum frutescens l. were tested for their clastogenicity using the mouse-bone-marrow micronucleus (mouse-mn) assay. results of the mouse-mn, an in vivo method, indicated that the isolate cf-1 is clastogenic at the maximum tolerated dose of 1.22 mg/kg mouse. statistical analysis using the wilcoxon two-sample test showed that the null hypothesis, mu tetracycline = mucf-1, is acceptable at 0.05 and 0.01 degrees of significance. hence, the clastogenicity of cf-1 is sta ...	1994	7510827
capsaicin, a double-edged sword: toxicity, metabolism, and chemopreventive potential.	capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is a primary pungent and irritating principle present in chilies and red peppers which are widely used as spices. because of its selective effects on the functions of a defined subpopulation of sensory neurons, capsaicin is currently used as a versatile tool for the study of pain mechanisms and also for pharmacotherapy to treat several pain disorders. considering the frequent consumption of capsaicin as a food additive and its current medicinal use, c ...	1995	7746093
detection of bixin, lycopene, canthaxanthin, and beta-apo-8'-carotenal in products derived from red pepper.	an analytical method using either thin layer or liquid chromatography is proposed for the detection of 4 pigments (bixin, lycopene, canthaxanthin and beta-apo-8'-carotenal) that can be used fraudulently to intensify the natural color of products derived from red pepper (oleoresins, paprika, paprika paste, etc.). similarly, the addition of other colorant natural products containing some of these pigments as major pigments (such as tomato for lycopene and bixa orellana seeds for bixin) can be dete ...	2015	7756865
identification of a plastid protein involved in vesicle fusion and/or membrane protein translocation.	structural evidence has accumulated suggesting that fusion and/or translocation factors are involved in plastid membrane biogenesis. to test this hypothesis, we have developed an in vitro system in which the extent of fusion and/or translocation is monitored by the conversion of the xanthophyll epoxide (antheraxanthin) into the red ketocarotenoid (capsanthin). only chromoplast membrane vesicles from red pepper fruits (capsicum annuum) contain the required enzyme. vesicles prepared from the mutan ...	1995	7777561
[the value of polish field grown sweet pepper cultivars for freezing and pickling].	raw and blanched sweet pepper and frozen goods and pickles produced of blanched and non-blanched vegetable were evaluated after 6-month storage, the following cultivars of polish origin being used in the screening: bryza, ino, jantar, kano, kujawianka, passat, sono, and zefir. the compared cultivars differed by the level of analysed indices. the variability range of dry matter content was 25%, of sugars 23%, of starch 97%, of protein 25%, of mineral constituents 24%, and of vitamin c 40%. the bl ...	1994	7792520
role of capsaicin, curcumin and dietary n-3 fatty acids in lowering the generation of reactive oxygen species in rat peritoneal macrophages.	reactive oxygen species (ros) generated by activated macrophages play an important role in the initiation of inflammation. ten different spice principles, some of which with known anti-inflammatory properties, were tested for their effect on generation of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and nitrite radical generation by activated rat peritoneal macrophages. preincubation of macrophages with 10 microm capsaicin (from red pepper) or 10 microm curcumin (from turmeric) completely inhibited the ...	1994	7981240
fermentation and sensory characteristics of kimchi containing potassium chloride as a partial replacement for sodium chloride.	a study was designed to determine the effects of substituting up to 50% of the nacl in kimchi, a fermented chinese cabbage (brassica pekinensis) product containing scallions, garlic, ginger and hot red pepper powder, with kcl. brine water (15% salt) used to soak cabbage contained nacl:kcl ratios of 1:0 (control), 5:1, 2:1 and 1:1 (wt:wt). total acidity and ph of kimchi reached acceptable ranges of 0.4-0.6% (as lactic acid) and 4.4-4.7, respectively, after 13 days of incubation at 13 +/- 1 degree ...	1994	8043352
induction of the anti-carcinogenic enzyme quinone reductase by food extracts using murine hepatoma cells.	over 145 extracts of vegetables, fruits, herbs, spices and beverages which are consumed regularly in the european diet have been surveyed for potential anti-carcinogenic activity using an assay which measures the induction of nad(p)h: (quinone acceptor) menadione oxidoreductase (quinone reductase, qr) activity in murine cells challenged with solutions of potential inducers. when appropriate the study has included extracts prepared from cooked and autolysed material. the results indicate that ext ...	1994	8061594
significance for humans of the nutrient contents of the dry fruit of tetrapleura tetraptera.	the nutritional quality of the dry fruit of tetrapleura tetraptera, a tropical deciduous forest tree with characteristic fruits, used as a spice, was assessed. the fruit shell, fruit pulp and seed contained varying amounts of nutrients such as protein, lipids and minerals, which were comparable and some were even higher than popular spices such as red pepper, onion, curry and ginger. the crude fibre content of the fruit shell was noteworthy and can be considered a good source of this nutritional ...	1994	8146103
a rapid capsaicin-activated current in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons.	a subpopulation of pain fibers are activated by capsaicin, the ingredient in red peppers that produces a burning sensation when eaten or placed on skin. previous studies on dorsal root ganglion neurons indicated that capsaicin activates sensory nerves via a single slowly activating and inactivating inward current. in rat trigeminal neurons, we identified a second capsaicin-activated inward current. this current can be distinguished from the slow one in that it rapidly activates and inactivates, ...	1994	8290592
occurrence of the chromoplast protein chra correlates with a fruit-color gene in capsicum annuum.	plant geneticists have determined that the color of ripe fruits of sweet peppers (capsicum annuum l.) is determined by four genes: y, c1, c2 and cl. we have compared the electrophoretic behavior of chromoplast membrane proteins of seven varieties of c. annuum which differ in these genes. chra was detected only in the varieties that had a y+ genotype, and was not affected by variations in the other three genes. the identity of chra was verified by probing blots of sds gels with antiserum to chra. ...	1993	8443347
aflatoxin contamination in foods and foodstuffs in tokyo: 1986-1990.	aflatoxins were determined in 3054 samples of foods or foodstuffs, including cereals, nuts, beans, spices, dairy products, dry fruits, and edible oil. samples were collected in tokyo from 1986 to 1990. aflatoxins were found in rice products, adlay, corn, crude sugar, peanut products, pistachio nuts, brazil nuts, sesame products, butter beans, white pepper, red pepper, paprika, nutmeg, and mixed spices. the highest incidence of aflatoxin contamination was observed in nutmeg (80%), and the highest ...	0	8448440
problems with estimating vitamin c intakes.	the vitamin c content of foods was examined from two national databases and new values were obtained by hplc. hplc values were lower in four of the five highest vitamin c contributors to the us diet (orange juice, grapefruit, tomatoes and tomato juice, and potatoes), as well as in broccoli, red peppers, and cooked collard and mustard greens, compared with values from the other databases. when hplc values were substituted in the health habits and history questionnaire, the resulting estimates of ...	1993	8460610
capsaicin in hot chili pepper: carcinogen, co-carcinogen or anticarcinogen?	capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is a major pungent ingredient of the capsicum fruits such as hot green and red peppers. besides its use as a food additive in various spicy cuisines, capsaicin is currently utilized for therapeutic purposes to treat various peripheral painful conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetic neuropathy. considering consumption of capsaicin as a food additive and its current medicinal application in humans, correct evaluation and precise asses ...	1996	8621114
major fruit and vegetable contributors to the main serum carotenoids in the spanish diet.	to identify the main sources of serum carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene and beta-carotene) among the fruits and vegetables in the spanish diet, to be used in the design of food questionnaires and to provide useful information for epidemiological and comparative studies.	1996	8730612
capsaicin does not inhibit the intracellular calcium handling process in rat ventricular papillary muscle.	1. we studied the effects of capsaicin, a pungent agent extracted from red pepper, on rested-state contraction (rsc) of isolated rat ventricular papillary muscles. 2. the rsc was induced by stimulation, after a rest interval of 5 sec to 10 min, after the twitch tension of the muscle preparation stimulated at the regular stimulus frequency of cycle lengths of 5, 1 or 0.2 sec attained the steady state. 3. drug effects were evaluated on the rsc in the presence of capsaicin 10(-5) m, caffeine 10(-2) ...	1996	8742504
inhibition of contractile tension by capsaicin in isolated rat papillary muscle.	1. we examined effects of capsaicin (10(-9) - 10(-5) m), a pungent agent extracted from red pepper, on the contractile tension of rat ventricular papillary muscles stimulated at various cycle lengths (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 sec). 2. capsaicin produced a marked concentration-dependent decrease in the amplitude, the rate of rise (dp/dt) and the rate of relaxation (dr/dt) of the tension. 3. however, the half relaxation time and the time to peak tension of the tension were slightly affected by the age ...	1996	8742509
influence of sundrying on the chemical composition, aflatoxin content and fungal counts of two pepper varieties--capsicum annum and capsicum frutescens.	samples of sundried, matured red pepper, capsicum annum with a moisture content (mc) of 12.7-26.8 percent had on dry weight basis, vitamin c, 5.0-6.4 mg/100 g; crude protein, 0.8-1.2 percent; total soluble solids, 3.3-4.1 percent, and fungal counts of log 4.4-4.5/g. ordinary matured red c. annum had mc, 75.7-78.2 percent vitamin c, 36.1-38.5 mg/100 g; crude protein, 2.4-2.8 percent; total soluble solids, 9.3-9.9 percent and fungal count of log 3.32-3.39/g. sundried matured red c. frutescens had ...	1996	8811723
[daily intake of carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) from total diet and the carotenoid content of selected vegetables and fuit].	the recommended daily intake is currently either 2 mg of beta-carotene (recommended by dge, germany, in addition to 1.0 (0.8) mg retinol-equivalents for vitamin a requirement) or 5-6 mg of beta-carotene (recommended by nci, usa). the present studies were carried out to investigate to what extent a balanced diet prepared using household or cafeteria methods contributes to achieve the desired intake. beta-carotene and other carotenoids in the total daily diet samples were determined by rp-hplc. in ...	1996	8815648
capsaicin or feeding with red peppers during gestation changes the thermonociceptive response of rat offspring.	capsaicin is responsible for the pungent sensation produced by red peppers on the body's mucous membranes. this substance is found naturally in the gender capsicum, widely used in the diet of different cultures in america, asia, and africa. in this paper we used the hot plate model (53 +/- 0.5 degrees c) to study the effect of acute thermonociceptive stimulus on escape response latency in the offspring of rats that were treated during gestation, either with an aqueous red pepper solution (capsic ...	1996	8840903
[allergy associated with pepper and latex: new cross reaction?].	the aim of this study was to point out the frequency of associated sensitization to rubber latex and to sweet pepper. the study included three populations of patients: patients allergic to rubber latex, patients sensitized to rubber latex and patients without any clinical symptoms for rubber latex and sweet pepper (negative controls). we pointed out a high frequency of patients sensitized to sweet pepper among the patients allergic or sensitized to rubber latex which lead to the hypothesis of a ...	1995	8851036
red pepper-induced dermatitis in breast-fed infants.	we report a transient, erythematous dermatitis that formed in 2 infants shortly after breast-feeding from their mothers who had ingested food flavored with red pepper, although the mothers did not display any signs of dermatitis.	1996	8864625
capsaicin in diet does not affect glycogen contents in the liver and skeletal muscle of rats before and after exercise.	effects of capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, on glycogen contents in the liver and skeletal muscle at rest and during exercise were studied in rats. the contents of glycogen in the liver and soleus muscle, and the concentrations of serum glucose, lactate, free fatty acid and glycerol were examined. capsaicin was supplemented at 0.014% of the experimental diet. each group of rats was fed the capsaicin-diet ad libitum for 7 days, and then both groups of rats were fed isoenergetic d ...	1996	8866261
natural occurrence of mycotoxins in different spices in egypt.	a total of 120 different samples belonging to 24 kinds of species collected from different places at assiut governorate (egypt) were examined for the natural occurrence of mycotoxins. tlc analysis of spice extracts revealed the presence of aflatoxins (8-35 micrograms/kg) in 16 samples of anise, black pepper, caraway, black cumin, fennel, peppermint, coriander and marjoram, sterigmatocystin (10-23 micrograms/kg) in ten samples of red pepper, caraway, cumin and marjoram and citrinin (8-12 microgra ...	1995	8919936
effects of red-pepper diet on the energy metabolism in men.	we investigated the effects of dietary red pepper on the energy metabolism in male subjects. in the first experiment, after having a standardized dinner on the previous evening, the subjects consumed a breakfast (650 kcal) either with or without 10 g of red pepper. for 150 min after the meal, they took a rest and their expired gas was collected. during the initial 30 min after the meal, the energy expenditure tended to be higher in the red-pepper diet period than in the control diet period. for ...	1995	8926537
evidence for two types of phosphate translocators in sweet-pepper (capsicum annum l.) fruit chromoplasts.	we have investigated whether there is evidence for the presence of different types of phosphate translocators in envelopes purified from pepper-fruit chromoplasts. a method was developed that allowed the purification of envelope membranes from isolated pepper-fruit chromoplasts. proteoliposomes containing envelope-membrane proteins are able to import inorganic phosphate (p1) or glucose 6-phosphate (glc6p). in both cases, the rate of import is strongly dependent upon preloading of proteoliposomes ...	1996	8947460
red pepper effect.		1996	8995873
isocratic non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of capsanthin and capsorubin in red peppers (capsicum annuum l.), paprika and oleoresin.	a simple, rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method has been devised in order to separate and quantify the xanthophylls capsorubin and capasanthin present in red pepper (capsicum annuum l.) fruits and preparations made from them (paprika and oleoresin). a reversed-phase isocratic non-aqueous system allows the separation of xanthophylls within a few minutes, with detection at 450 nm, using methyl red as internal standard to locate the various carotenoids and xanthophylls found in plant ...	1997	9025261
effect of capsianoside, a diterpene glycoside, on tight-junctional permeability.	previous work (hashimoto et al., (1994) biosci. biotech. biochem. 58, 1345) revealed that a sweet pepper extract enhanced the tight-junctional (tj) permeability of a human intestinal caco-2 cell monolayer. in the present study, the substance which modulated the tj permeability was chromatographically purified from the extract. the active substances were identified as capsianosides a-f, diterpene glycosides. treatment of the cells with capsianoside f, the most active compound, decreased the cellu ...	1997	9042350
presence of an acidic glycoprotein in the serum of arthritic rats: modulation by capsaicin and curcumin.	levels of various serum proteins were found to change in adjuvant induced arthritis. increased levels of a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 72 kda (gp a72) were observed in the sera of arthritic rats. gp a72 is an acidic glycoprotein with a pi of 5.1. gp a72 also showed antitryptic activity. the appearance of gp a72 in the serum preceded the onset of paw inflammation in arthritic rats and persisted in the chronic phase. oral administration of the antiinflammatory spice principle ...	1997	9089639
effects of capsaicin on chemically-induced two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis.	capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is a principal pungent ingredient of hot red peppers. there are some controversies with regard to its inherent tumorigenicity and mutagenicity. the present work was undertaken to assess tumor initiating and promotional effects of capsaicin in a two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. a single topical application of capsaicin (10 micromol) followed by twice-weekly applications of 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate onto shaven backs of female ...	1997	9103286
dietary red pepper ingestion increases carbohydrate oxidation at rest and during exercise in runners.	the effects of dietary hot red pepper on energy metabolism at rest and during exercise were examined in long distance male runners 18-23 yr of age. a standardized meal was given on the evening prior to the experiment. the subjects had a meal (2720 kj) with or without 10 g of hot red pepper for breakfast. during rest (2.5 h after meal) and exercise (pedaling for 1 h at 150 w, about 60% vo2max, using cycling ergometry), expired gasses and venous blood were collected. the meal with hot red pepper s ...	1997	9139174
screening of aflatoxins in shiro and ground red pepper in addis ababa.	aflatoxin contamination of shiro and ground red pepper samples collected from government owned good stores, retail shops and open markets in. addis ababa was investigated. from sixty samples each of ground red pepper and shiro, 8 (13.33%) and 5 (8.33%) were positive for aflatoxins, respectively. only aflatoxin b1 was detected in both types of foodstuff. there was no significant difference between the proportion of aflatoxin contained in both ground red pepper and shiro samples. aflatoxin levels ...	1996	9164040
peppers and pain. the promise of capsaicin.	capsaicin, the most pungent ingredient in red peppers, has been used for centuries to remedy pain. recently, its role has come under reinvestigation due to evidence that the drug acts selectively on a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons with a nociceptive function. these neurons, besides generating pain sensations, participate through an antidromic activation in the process known as neurogenic inflammation. the first exposure to capsaicin intensely activates these neurons in both senses (or ...	1997	9179523
[structural changes in the tissues of white rats after capsaicin administration].	tissue structure of albino rat lung, skin and cornea changing after administration of capsaicin (neurotoxin isolated from red pepper) was studied using light and electron microscope. 5 mg/kg dose causes tissue swelling and microcirculatory bed reaction. 200 mg/kg dose leads to more significant dystrophic tissue alterations. fibrosclerosis signs were found in certain cases. microcirculatory disorders are proposed as the main reason for tissue structure alterations observed, although the mechanism ...	1997	9244551
intranasal capsaicin is efficacious in non-allergic, non-infectious perennial rhinitis. a placebo-controlled study.	several authors described capsaicin, the pungent substance in red pepper, as an efficacious therapy for non-allergic non-infectious perennial rhinitis (naniper). repeated capsaicin application induces peptide depletion and specific degeneration of the unmyelinated sensory c-fibres in the nasal mucosa.	1997	9249272
resistance to tobamoviruses in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the coat protein gene of pepper mild mottle virus (korean isolate).	red pepper, one of the most important vegetable crops in korea, is severely affected by viral diseases causing 20-50% reduction in product yield. a pepper strain of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv-p) is the most common virus in red pepper. to study the molecular structure of the tmv-p virus, we generated cdna clones of the viral genome. partial sequencing of a few cdna clones revealed that tmv-p shares a 98% identity at the nucleotide level with the spanish isolate of pepper mild mottle virus (pmmv-s) ...	1997	9264016
antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils against six meat spoilage organisms.	the antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils was examined against two gram-negative (pseudomonas fluorescens and serratia liquefaciens) and four gram-positive (brochothrix thermosphacta, carnobacterium piscicola, lactobacillus curvatus, and lactobacillus sake) bacteria involved in meat spoilage. various amounts of each preservative were added to brain heart infusion or mrs (deman, rogosa and sharpe) agars, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for each ...	1997	9310850