Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [a seroepidemiologic and virological study of the presence of arboviruses in moldavia in 1961-1982]. | in romania, st. drăgănescu et al., miszkolczy et al., based on clinical and epidemiological observations, affirmed the possible presence of "tick-borne encephalitis (tbe)". however, critical retrospective evaluation of certain others' papers published through 1958-1971 reveal some uncommon features. by way of example: a very high incidence of cf- and hi-antibodies in acute and chronic cns illnesses as well as in general population; replication in nucleus and maturation in mitochondria of a strai ... | 1989 | 2561524 |
| clinical, clinicopathologic, and hematologic features of kyasanur forest disease. | in 1957, a fatal disease occurred among monkeys in a forested area of shimoga district, karnataka state, india. concurrently, there was an outbreak of febrile, occasionally fatal illness among people living in the vicinity. the disease was caused by a new tick-borne flavivirus belonging to the russian spring-summer encephalitis complex of viruses. the early clinical description of the disease included severe cases with hemorrhagic manifestations, including intermittent epistaxis, hematemesis, me ... | 1989 | 2665018 |
| tick-borne flavivirus ns1 gene: identification of conserved peptides and antigenic analysis of recombinant louping ill virus ns1 protein. | the nucleotide sequence of the ns1 gene of louping ill (li) virus has been determined. the sequence shows a high degree of homology with other members of the tick-borne serocomplex of flaviviruses and a lower homology with the mosquito-borne flaviviruses. alignment of the deduced ns1 amino acid sequences with all tick-borne flavivirus ns1 sequences, identified four peptide regions which were conserved for all tick-borne flaviviruses, but were variable amongst mosquito-borne flaviviruses. a dendr ... | 1994 | 7513932 |
| analysis of flavivirus envelope proteins reveals variable domains that reflect their antigenicity and may determine their pathogenesis. | studies on the molecular basis of flavivirus neutralisation, attenuation and tropism indicate that amino acid substitutions, in different parts of the envelope gene, may be responsible for the altered phenotypes. however, the association of particular substitutions with individual characteristics has proven difficult. comparative analysis of all known tick-borne flavivirus envelope proteins through sequence alignment and a sliding window, reveals clusters of amino acid variation distributed thro ... | 1995 | 7785318 |
| intracellular interference of tick-borne flavivirus infection by using a single-chain antibody fragment delivered by recombinant sindbis virus. | a single-chain antibody fragment that identifies a neutralizing epitope on the envelope protein of louping ill and some other tick-borne flaviviruses was previously expressed in soluble form from bacteria and shown to be functionally active in vitro. to see whether or not the single-chain antibody could bind and inactivate infectious virus in vivo, we have used recombinant sindbis virus as a delivery vehicle for intracellular expression of the antibody fragment. the variable genes and interchain ... | 1995 | 7815482 |
| complete genomic sequence of powassan virus: evaluation of genetic elements in tick-borne versus mosquito-borne flaviviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the positive-stranded rna genome of the tick-borne flavivirus powassan (10,839 nucleotides) was elucidated and the amino acid sequence of all viral proteins was derived. based on this sequence as well as serological data, powassan virus represents the most divergent member of the tick-borne serocomplex within the genus flaviviruses, family flaviviridae. the primary nucleotide sequence and potential rna secondary structures of the powassan virus genome as well ... | 1993 | 8097605 |
| analysis of the structural protein gene sequence shows kyasanur forest disease virus as a distinct member in the tick-borne encephalitis virus serocomplex. | kyasanur forest disease (kfd) virus is a highly pathogenic member of the family flaviviridae producing a haemorrhagic disease in infected human beings. despite this high pathogenicity and potential epidemiological importance, there have been relatively few detailed antigenic or molecular studies on kfd virus. the nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the structural proteins of the virus have now been determined. from these data we conclude that kfd virus is a distinct member in the tick-bor ... | 1994 | 8113732 |
| nucleotide sequence of the envelope protein gene of the tick-borne flavivirus, kumlinge a52. | the envelope protein gene of the tick-borne flavivirus, kumlinge a52, the proto-type finnish strain, has been amplified and sequenced.* the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence has been analyzed and compared with the closely related tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus, western subtype, strain neudoerfl, isolated in austria. although these two virus strains were isolated 12 years apart from different hosts and in different countries, the envelope proteins only differed by a single amino aci ... | 1993 | 8367941 |
| attenuation of the langat tick-borne flavivirus by chimerization with mosquito-borne flavivirus dengue type 4. | langat virus (lgt) strain tp21 is the most attenuated of the tick-borne flaviviruses for humans. even though lgt has low-level neurovirulence for humans, it, and its more attenuated egg-passage derivative, strain e5, exhibit significant neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness in normal mice, albeit less than that associated with tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), the most virulent of the tick-borne flaviviruses. we sought to reduce or ablate these viral phenotypes of tp21 and e5 by using a strat ... | 1998 | 9465088 |
| infectious cdna clones of langat tick-borne flavivirus that differ from their parent in peripheral neurovirulence. | tick-borne flavivirus strain langat tp21 (lgt tp21) recovered from ticks, is naturally attenuated for humans but retains demonstrable neurovirulence and peripheral virulence ("neuroinvasiveness") for mice. previously a mutant, strain e5, less virulent for mice was derived from lgt tp21. multiple attempts to prepare a full-length infectious tp21 cdna from cdna fragments cloned in e. coli were uniformly unsuccessful. a more informative sequence than that obtained from these cloned cdna fragments a ... | 2000 | 10725214 |
| chimeric langat/dengue viruses protect mice from heterologous challenge with the highly virulent strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus. | langat virus (lgt), a tick-borne flavivirus, is naturally attenuated for humans but it is very virulent in scid mice. in contrast, viable recombinant chimeras of lgt (prem and e genes) and dengue type 4 virus (all other sequences) recovered in mosquito cell culture were completely attenuated in scid mice but still capable of providing protection against lgt. to develop the chimeras into vaccine candidates, we adapted them to replicate efficiently in simian vero cells, a satisfactory substrate fo ... | 2000 | 10936085 |
| biophysical characterization and vector-specific antagonist activity of domain iii of the tick-borne flavivirus envelope protein. | the molecular determinants responsible for flavivirus host cell binding and tissue tropism are largely unknown, although domain iii of the envelope protein has been implicated in these functions. we examined the solution properties and antagonist activity of langat virus domain iii. our results suggest that domain iii adopts a stably folded structure that can mediate binding of tick-borne flaviviruses but not mosquito-borne flaviviruses to their target cells. three clusters of phylogenetically c ... | 2001 | 11264392 |
| infectious cdna clone of attenuated langat tick-borne flavivirus (strain e5) and a 3' deletion mutant constructed from it exhibit decreased neuroinvasiveness in immunodeficient mice. | forty-five years ago a naturally attenuated tick-borne flavivirus, langat (lgt) strain tp21, was recovered from ticks in malaysia. subsequently, it was tested as a live attenuated vaccine for virulent tick-borne encephalitis viruses. in a large clinical trial its attenuation was confirmed but there was evidence of a low level of residual virulence. thirty-five years ago further attenuation of lgt tp21 was achieved by multiple passages in eggs to yield mutant e5. to study the genetic determinants ... | 2001 | 11289811 |
| essential role of cyclization sequences in flavivirus rna replication. | a possible role in rna replication for interactions between conserved complementary (cyclization) sequences in the 5'- and 3'-terminal regions of flavivirus rna was previously suggested but never tested in vivo. using the m-fold program for rna secondary-structure predictions, we examined for the first time the base-pairing interactions between the covalently linked 5' genomic region (first ~160 nucleotides) and the 3' untranslated region (last ~115 nucleotides) for a range of mosquito-borne fla ... | 2001 | 11413342 |
| tick-borne langat/mosquito-borne dengue flavivirus chimera, a candidate live attenuated vaccine for protection against disease caused by members of the tick-borne encephalitis virus complex: evaluation in rhesus monkeys and in mosquitoes. | langat virus (lgt), strain tp21, a naturally avirulent tick-borne flavivirus, was used to construct a chimeric candidate virus vaccine which contained lgt genes for premembrane (prem) and envelope (e) glycoprotein and all other sequences derived from dengue type 4 virus (den4). the live virus vaccine was developed to provide resistance to the highly virulent, closely related tick-borne flaviviruses that share protective e epitopes among themselves and with lgt. toward that end the chimera, initi ... | 2001 | 11483771 |
| nucleotide sequencing and serological evidence that the recently recognized deer tick virus is a genotype of powassan virus. | deer tick virus (dtv) is a recently recognized north american virus isolated from ixodes dammini ticks. nucleotide sequencing of fragments of structural and non-structural protein genes suggested that this virus was most closely related to the tick-borne flavivirus powassan (pow), which causes potentially fatal encephalitis in humans. to determine whether dtv represents a new and distinct member of the flavivirus genus of the family flaviviridae, we sequenced the structural protein genes and 5' ... | 2001 | 11551648 |
| complete coding sequence of the alkhurma virus, a tick-borne flavivirus causing severe hemorrhagic fever in humans in saudi arabia. | to date, tick-borne flaviviruses responsible for hemorrhagic fever in humans have been isolated in siberia (omsk hemorrhagic fever virus), india (kyasanur forest disease virus, kfdv), and in saudi arabia (alkhurma virus, alkv). prior to this study, only partial coding sequences of these severe pathogens had been determined. we report here the complete coding sequence of alk virus, which was determined to be 10,248 nucleotides (nt) long, and to encode a single 3,416 amino acid polyprotein. indepe ... | 2001 | 11554750 |
| ns3 protease of langat tick-borne flavivirus cleaves serine protease substrates. | langat (lgt) virus, initially isolated in 1956 from ticks in malaysia, is a naturally occurring nonpathogenic virus with a very close antigenicity to the highly pathogenic tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) western subtype virus and tbe far eastern subtype virus. ns3, the second largest viral protein of lgt virus, is highly conserved among flaviviruses and contains a characteristic protease moiety (ns3 pro). ns3 pro represents an attractive target for anti-protease molecules against tbe virus. we rep ... | 2002 | 12054734 |
| the extent of homologous recombination in members of the genus flavivirus. | the family flaviviridae includes important human pathogens, such as dengue (den) virus, yellow fever (yf) virus and hepatitis c virus, many of which have emerged or re-emerged in recent years. until recently, flavivirus evolution was thought to proceed in a clonal manner, with diversity generated mainly through the accumulation of mutational changes. however, this assumption has now been shown to be invalid, with homologous recombination demonstrated in all three genera of the flaviviridae: sinc ... | 2003 | 12560576 |
| analysis of the complete genome of the tick-borne flavivirus omsk hemorrhagic fever virus. | omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (ohf) is a tick-borne flavivirus endemic to western siberia. this virus is the only known tick-borne flavivirus to cause hemorrhagic disease in humans in the absence of encephalitis. ohf virus circulates within a small, defined niche in which other tick-borne complex flaviviruses are also present. the objectives of this study were to genetically classify ohf virus based on its complete genome and to identify genetic determinants that might be involved in tissue tropi ... | 2003 | 12951023 |
| the importance of the q motif in the atpase activity of a viral helicase. | ns3 proteins of flaviviruses contain motifs which indicate that they possess protease and helicase activities. the helicases are members of the dexd/h box helicase superfamily and ns3 proteins from some flaviviruses have been shown to possess atpase and helicase activities in vitro. the q motif is a recently recognised cluster of nine amino acids common to most dexd/h box helicases which is proposed to regulate atp binding and hydrolysis. in addition a conserved residue occurs 17 amino acids ups ... | 2003 | 14623116 |
| dynamics of infection in tick vectors and at the tick-host interface. | tick-borne flaviviruses are common, widespread, and successfully adapted to their mode of transmission. most tick vectors of flaviviruses are ixodid species. these ticks are characterized by a comparatively long life cycle, lasting several years, during which the infecting virus may be maintained from one developmental stage of the tick to the next. hence ticks act as highly efficient reservoirs of flaviviruses. many tick-borne flaviviruses are transmitted vertically, from adult to offspring, al ... | 2003 | 14689696 |
| tick-borne flaviviruses. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), one of the most dangerous neuroinfections in europe and asia, is caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) and currently involves approximately 11,000 human cases annually, mostly in russia. this chapter describes the main problems associated with the epidemiology, ecology, pathogenesis, and control of this disease. we have attempted to review the factors that influence the incidence and distribution of tbe, and to discuss possible reasons for the different cl ... | 2003 | 14714436 |
| molecular determinants of antigenicity of two subtypes of the tick-borne flavivirus omsk haemorrhagic fever virus. | in 1964, d. h. clarke defined two antigenic subtypes of omsk haemorrhagic fever virus (ohfv) based on polyclonal antibody absorption and haemagglutination assays. the current report defines the molecular basis for these antigenic subtypes by comparison of the complete genomes of ohfv strains kubrin (subtype i) and bogoluvovska (subtype ii). there were six nucleotide differences between these two strains throughout the entire genome and they encoded four amino acid changes including three in the ... | 2004 | 15166446 |
| use of recombinant e protein domain iii-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for differentiation of tick-borne encephalitis serocomplex flaviviruses from mosquito-borne flaviviruses. | the serological diagnosis of infection by flaviviruses is complicated by the presence of flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies that produce false-positive results for flavivirus infections, especially in regions where more than one virus is endemic. current diagnostic reagents for tick-borne flavivirus infection have been found to cross-react with yellow fever- or dengue virus-positive sera. this study utilized recombinant flavivirus e protein domain 3 (re-d3) as a diagnostic reagent to different ... | 2004 | 15364996 |
| [tick borne flavivirus encephalitis]. | 2004 | 15624474 | |
| the majority of the nucleotides in the top loop of the genomic 3' terminal stem loop structure are cis-acting in a west nile virus infectious clone. | the flavivirus genome rna terminates with a conserved 3' stem loop (sl) structure that was shown to be essential for virus replication. a stretch of conserved nts is located in the top loop (tl) of this structure. mutation of the tl nts (5' acagugc 3') in a wnv infectious clone indicated that 3 of the 7 tl nts (5' acagugc 3') are critical for virus replication. mutation of 3 of the other nts reduced the efficiency of virus replication. the four 5' tl nts are conserved in both mosquito- and tick- ... | 2005 | 15629768 |
| inhibition of interferon-stimulated jak-stat signaling by a tick-borne flavivirus and identification of ns5 as an interferon antagonist. | the tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) complex of viruses, genus flavivirus, can cause severe encephalitis, meningitis, and/or hemorrhagic fevers. effective interferon (ifn) responses are critical to recovery from infection with flaviviruses, and the mosquito-borne flaviviruses can inhibit this response. however, little is known about interactions between ifn signaling and tbe viruses. langat virus (lgtv), a member of the tbe complex of viruses, was found to be highly sensitive to the antiviral effec ... | 2005 | 16188985 |
| alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus is an emerging tick-borne flavivirus. | 2006 | 16216331 | |
| genetic characterization of tick-borne flaviviruses: new insights into evolution, pathogenetic determinants and taxonomy. | here, we analyze the complete coding sequences of all recognized tick-borne flavivirus species, including gadgets gully, royal farm and karshi virus, seabird-associated flaviviruses, kadam virus and previously uncharacterized isolates of kyasanur forest disease virus and omsk hemorrhagic fever virus. significant taxonomic improvements are proposed, e.g. the identification of three major groups (mammalian, seabird and kadam tick-borne flavivirus groups), the creation of a new species (karshi viru ... | 2007 | 17169393 |
| tick-borne flavivirus infection in ixodes scapularis larvae: development of a novel method for synchronous viral infection of ticks. | following a bite from an infected tick, tick-borne flaviviruses cause encephalitis, meningitis and hemorrhagic fever in humans. although these viruses spend most of their time in the tick, little is known regarding the virus-vector interactions. we developed a simple method for synchronously infecting ixodes scapularis larvae with langat virus (lgtv) by immersion in media containing the virus. this technique resulted in approximately 96% of ticks becoming infected. lgtv infection and replication ... | 2007 | 17490700 |
| interaction between the cellular protein eef1a and the 3'-terminal stem-loop of west nile virus genomic rna facilitates viral minus-strand rna synthesis. | rnase footprinting and nitrocellulose filter binding assays were previously used to map one major and two minor binding sites for the cell protein eef1a on the 3'(+) stem-loop (sl) rna of west nile virus (wnv) (3). base substitutions in the major eef1a binding site or adjacent areas of the 3'(+) sl were engineered into a wnv infectious clone. mutations that decreased, as well as ones that increased, eef1a binding in in vitro assays had a negative effect on viral growth. none of these mutations a ... | 2007 | 17626087 |
| assay for and replication of karshi (mammalian tick-borne flavivirus group) virus in mice. | little is known about the replication of karshi virus, a member of the mammalian tick-borne flavivirus group, in its rodent hosts. therefore, we developed a quantitative real-time rt-pcr assay and measured the amount of viral rna in selected tissues of infected swiss webster mice. two-day-old mice were highly susceptible, with 100% fatality 9 to 12 days after infection, whereas infection in 9-day-old mice was less virulent, with death occurring only rarely. in nearly all cases, mice inoculated w ... | 2008 | 18256443 |
| identification of genetic determinants of a tick-borne flavivirus associated with host-specific adaptation and pathogenicity. | tick-borne flaviviruses are maintained in nature in an enzootic cycle involving a tick vector and a vertebrate host. thus, the virus replicates in two disparate hosts, each providing selective pressures that can influence virus replication and pathogenicity. to identify viral determinants associated with replication in the individual hosts, plaque purified langat virus (tp21pp) was adapted to growth in mouse or tick cell lines to generate two virus variants, mnbp20 and isep20, respectively. viru ... | 2008 | 18823640 |
| structural and functional studies of the promoter element for dengue virus rna replication. | the 5' untranslated region (5'utr) of the dengue virus (denv) genome contains two defined elements essential for viral replication. at the 5' end, a large stem-loop (sla) structure functions as the promoter for viral polymerase activity. next to the sla, there is a short stem-loop that contains a cyclization sequence known as the 5' upstream aug region (5'uar). here, we analyzed the secondary structure of the sla in solution and the structural requirements of this element for viral replication. ... | 2009 | 19004935 |
| clinical evaluation of highly pathogenic tick-borne flavivirus infection in the mouse model. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using clinical parameters to demonstrate disease progression and differentiate between omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (ohfv) and russian spring-summer encephalitis virus (rssev) infection in the mouse model. adult c57bl/6 and balb/c mice were infected with either ohfv or rssev by footpad inoculation and their temperature, body weight, clinical signs complete blood count, and blood chemistries were evaluated for up to 15 days post-infec ... | 2009 | 19475605 |
| zoonotic tick-borne flaviviruses. | tick-borne flaviviruses are among the medically most important arboviruses in europe and asia. tick-borne encephalitis causes between 10,000 and 15,000 human cases every year in both continents. besides this disease there are several other tick-borne flaviviruses which may be of local medical importance, and which are less known, but may be important as differential diagnosis. among them are louping-ill disease which is present mainly on the british islands, omsk hemorrhagic fever, which is prev ... | 2010 | 19765917 |
| update on powassan virus: emergence of a north american tick-borne flavivirus. | powassan virus (pow) (flaviviridae: flavivirus) is the cause of rare but severe neuroinvasive disease in north america and russia. the virus is transmitted among small- and medium-sized mammals by ixodid ticks. human infections occur via spillover from the main transmission cycle(s). since the late 1990s, the incidence of human disease seems to be increasing. in addition, pow constitutes a genetically diverse group of virus genotypes, including deer tick virus, that are maintained in distinct en ... | 2010 | 19961325 |
| tick-borne encephalitis among u.s. travelers to europe and asia - 2000-2009. | tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) is the most common arbovirus transmitted by ticks in europe. approximately 10,000 cases of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) are reported annually in europe and russia. although tbe is endemic in parts of china, information regarding its incidence is limited. tbev is closely related to powassan virus (powv), another tick-borne flavivirus that is a rare cause of encephalitis in north america and russia; tbev and powv can cross-react in serologic tests. before 2000 ... | 2010 | 20339345 |
| role of bc loop residues in structure, function and antigenicity of the west nile virus envelope protein receptor-binding domain iii. | site-directed mutagenesis of residues in the bc loop (residues 329-333) of the envelope (e) protein domain iii in a west nile virus (wnv) infectious clone and in plasmids encoding recombinant wnv and dengue type 2 virus domain iii proteins demonstrated a critical role for residues in this loop in the function and antigenicity of the e protein. this included a strict requirement for the tyrosine at residue 329 of wnv for virus viability and e domain iii folding. the absence of an equivalent resid ... | 2010 | 20447672 |
| confirmed exposure to tick-borne encephalitis virus and probable human cases of tick-borne encephalitis in central/northern anatolia, turkey. | tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) is the aetiological agent of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), a potentially fatal central nervous system infection of humans. tbe is endemic in many areas of europe and asia; however, very scarce data on tbev activity are available from turkey. we aimed to identify tbev exposure in healthy blood donors and the impact of tbev in central nervous system infections in central/northern anatolia. two-thousand four hundred and fifty four sera, collected from blood don ... | 2011 | 20604912 |
| molecular epidemiology of powassan virus in north america. | powassan virus (pow) is a tick-borne flavivirus distributed in canada, the northern usa and the primorsky region of russia. pow is the only tick-borne flavivirus endemic to the western hemisphere, where it is transmitted mainly between ixodes cookei and groundhogs (marmota monax). deer tick virus (dtv), a genotype of pow that has been frequently isolated from deer ticks (ixodes scapularis), appears to be maintained in an enzootic cycle between these ticks and white-footed mice (peromyscus leucop ... | 2010 | 20631087 |
| rhabdomyolysis and severe muscular weakness in a traveler diagnosed with alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus infection. | alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (ahfv) is a tick-borne flavivirus with high case fatality rates, endemic in the arabian peninsula. recently ahfv was detected in travelers returning from egypt suggesting geographical spreading. we also report ahfv infection in a traveler ex egypt, representing atypical symptoms of rhabdomyolysis and severe muscular weakness. | 2011 | 21889906 |
| trim79α, an interferon-stimulated gene product, restricts tick-borne encephalitis virus replication by degrading the viral rna polymerase. | in response to virus infection, type i interferons (ifns) induce several genes, most of whose functions are largely unknown. here, we show that the tripartite motif (trim) protein, trim79α, is an ifn-stimulated gene (isg) product that specifically targets tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), a flavivirus that causes encephalitides in humans. trim79α restricts tbev replication by mediating lysosome-dependent degradation of the flavivirus ns5 protein, an rna-dependent rna polymerase essential for ... | 2011 | 21925107 |
| first dating of a recombination event in mammalian tick-borne flaviviruses. | the mammalian tick-borne flavivirus group (mtbfg) contains viruses associated with important human and animal diseases such as encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. in contrast to mosquito-borne flaviviruses where recombination events are frequent, the evolutionary dynamic within the mtbfg was believed to be essentially clonal. this assumption was challenged with the recent report of several homologous recombinations within the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev). we performed a thorough analysis ... | 2012 | 22384119 |
| a three-dimensional comparison of tick-borne flavivirus infection in mammalian and tick cell lines. | tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfv) are sustained in nature through cycling between mammalian and tick hosts. in this study, we used african green monkey kidney cells (vero) and ixodes scapularis tick cells (ise6) to compare virus-induced changes in mammalian and arthropod cells. using confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (tem), and electron tomography (et), we examined viral protein distribution and the ultrastructural changes that occur during tbfv infection. within host cells, fla ... | 2012 | 23112871 |
| toll-like receptor 7 suppresses virus replication in neurons but does not affect viral pathogenesis in a mouse model of langat virus infection. | toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7) recognizes guanidine-rich viral ssrna and is an important mediator of peripheral immune responses to several ssrna viruses. however, the role that tlr7 plays in regulating the innate immune response to ssrna virus infections in specific organs such as the central nervous system (cns) is not as clear. this study examined the influence of tlr7 on the neurovirulence of langat virus (lgtv), a ssrna tick-borne flavivirus. tlr7 deficiency did not substantially alter the ons ... | 2012 | 23136362 |
| diagnosis of acute deer tick virus encephalitis. | deer tick virus (dtv) is a tick-borne flavivirus that has only recently been appreciated as a cause of viral encephalitis. we describe the clinical presentation of a patient who had dtv encephalitis diagnosed before death and survived for 8 months despite severe neurologic dysfunction. | 2013 | 23166187 |
| powassan meningoencephalitis, new york, new york, usa. | disease caused by powassan virus (powv), a tick-borne flavivirus, ranges from asymptomatic to severe neurologic compromise and death. two cases of powv meningoencephalitis in new york, usa, highlight diagnostic techniques, neurologic outcomes, and the effect of powv on communities to which it is endemic. | 0 | 23969017 |
| louping ill virus: an endemic tick-borne disease of great britain. | in europe and asia, ixodid ticks transmit tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), a flavivirus that causes severe encephalitis in humans but appears to show no virulence for livestock and wildlife. in the british isles, where tbev is absent, a closely related tick-borne flavivirus, named louping ill virus (liv), is present. however, unlike tbev, liv causes a febrile illness in sheep, cattle, grouse and some other species, that can progress to fatal encephalitis. the disease is detected predominant ... | 2014 | 24552787 |
| a critical determinant of neurological disease associated with highly pathogenic tick-borne flavivirus in mice. | tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) and omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (ohfv) are highly pathogenic tick-borne flaviviruses; tbev causes neurological disease in humans, while ohfv causes a disease typically identified with hemorrhagic fever. although tbev and ohfv are closely related genetically, the viral determinants responsible for these distinct disease phenotypes have not been identified. in this study, chimeric viruses incorporating components of tbev and ohfv were generated using infectiou ... | 2014 | 24574402 |
| evaluation of immune response and protective effect of four vaccines against the tick-borne encephalitis virus. | among three main subtypes of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), the siberian subtype is currently dominant in a majority of the endemic regions of russia. however, inactivated vaccines are based on tbev strains of the heterologous far eastern or the european subtypes isolated 40-77 years ago. to analyze the efficacy of the available vaccines against currently prevailing tbev isolates of the siberian subtype, mice were immunized subcutaneously three times (one group per each vaccine). the ... | 2014 | 24631082 |
| inhibitors of tick-borne flavivirus reproduction from structure-based virtual screening. | flaviviruses form a large family of enveloped viruses affecting millions of people over the world. to date, no specific therapy was suggested for the infected people, making the treatment exclusively symptomatic. several attempts were performed earlier for the design of fusion inhibitors for mosquito-borne flaviviruses, whereas for the tick-borne flaviviruses such design had not been performed. we have constructed homology models of envelope glycoproteins of tick-transmitted flaviviruses with th ... | 2013 | 24900762 |
| comparative pathogenesis of alkhumra hemorrhagic fever and kyasanur forest disease viruses in a mouse model. | kyasanur forest disease virus (kfdv) and alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus (ahfv) are genetically closely-related, tick-borne flaviviruses that cause severe, often fatal disease in humans. flaviviruses in the tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) complex typically cause neurological disease in humans whereas patients infected with kfdv and ahfv predominately present with hemorrhagic fever. a small animal model for kfdv and ahfv to study the pathogenesis and evaluate countermeasures has been lacking mostl ... | 2014 | 24922308 |
| characterization of a novel insect-specific flavivirus from brazil: potential for inhibition of infection of arthropod cells with medically important flaviviruses. | in the past decade, there has been an upsurge in the number of newly described insect-specific flaviviruses isolated pan-globally. we recently described the isolation of a novel flavivirus (tentatively designated 'nhumirim virus'; nhuv) that represents an example of a unique subset of apparently insect-specific viruses that phylogenetically affiliate with dual-host mosquito-borne flaviviruses despite appearing to be limited to replication in mosquito cells. we characterized the in vitro growth p ... | 2014 | 25146007 |
| identification and characterization of a novel tick-borne flavivirus subtype in goats (capra hircus) in spain. | in 2011, a neurological disease was reported in a herd of goats (capra hircus) in asturias, spain. initial sequencing identified the causative agent as louping ill virus (liv). subsequently, with the application of whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, empirical data demonstrates that the liv-like virus detected is significantly divergent from liv and spanish sheep encephalitis virus (ssev). this virus encoded an amino acid sequence motif at the site of a previously identified marke ... | 2015 | 25701823 |
| a case of alkhumra virus infection. | alkhumra virus (alkv) is an emerging tick-borne flavivirus known to cause a neglected tropical disease in the middle east. the magnitude of the disease among european returning travelers is still unknown probably because the inadequate knowledge about the real geographic distribution of alkv infection have limited its diagnosis. up to now in italy were reported only three cases; here we report the fourth case of alkv in a returning traveler from south egypt. | 2015 | 25866328 |
| tick saliva enhances powassan virus transmission to the host, influencing its dissemination and the course of disease. | powassan virus (powv) is an encephalitic tick-borne flavivirus which can result in serious neuroinvasive disease with up to a 10% case fatality rate. the study objective was to determine whether the salivary gland extract (sge) from ixodes scapularis ticks facilitates the transmission and dissemination of powv in a process known as saliva-activated transmission. groups of balb/c mice were footpad inoculated with either a high dose of powv with and without sge or a low dose of powv with and witho ... | 2015 | 25995246 |
| development of a model system for tick-borne flavivirus persistence in hek 293t cells. | we devised a model system to study persistent infection by the tick-borne flavivirus langat virus (lgtv) in 293t cells. infection with a molecularly cloned lgtv strain produced an acute lytic crisis that left few surviving cells. the culture was repopulated by cells that were ~90% positive for lgtv e protein, thus initiating a persistent infection that was maintained for at least 35 weeks without additional lytic crises. staining of cells for viral proteins and ultrastructural analysis revealed ... | 2015 | 26045539 |
| homology modeling and conformational epitope prediction of envelope protein of alkhumra haemorrhagic fever virus. | the aim of this study was to generate in silico 3d-structure of the envelope protein of ahfv using homology modeling method to further predict its conformational epitopes and help other studies to investigate its structural features using the model. | 2015 | 26114149 |
| louping ill virus in the uk: a review of the hosts, transmission and ecological consequences of control. | louping ill virus (liv) is a tick-borne flavivirus that is part of the tick-borne encephalitis complex of viruses (tbev) and has economic and welfare importance by causing illness and death in livestock, especially sheep, ovies aries, and red grouse, lagopus lagopus scoticus, an economically valuable gamebird. unlike western tbev which is found primarily in woodlands and is reservoired by small rodents, liv is not generally transmitted by small rodents but instead by sheep, red grouse and mounta ... | 2016 | 26205612 |
| experimental transmission of karshi (mammalian tick-borne flavivirus group) virus by ornithodoros ticks >2,900 days after initial virus exposure supports the role of soft ticks as a long-term maintenance mechanism for certain flaviviruses. | members of the mammalian tick-borne flavivirus group, including tick-borne encephalitis virus, are responsible for at least 10,000 clinical cases of tick-borne encephalitis each year. to attempt to explain the long-term maintenance of members of this group, we followed ornithodoros parkeri, o. sonrai, and o. tartakovskyi for >2,900 days after they had been exposed to karshi virus, a member of the mammalian tick-borne flavivirus group. | 2015 | 26285211 |
| microrna-based control of tick-borne flavivirus neuropathogenesis: challenges and perspectives. | in recent years, microrna-targeting has become an effective strategy for selective control of tissue-tropism and pathogenicity of both dna and rna viruses. previously, we reported the successful application of this strategy to control the neurovirulent phenotype of a model chimeric tick-borne encephalitis/dengue type 4 virus (tbev/den4), containing the structural protein genes of a highly virulent tbev in the genetic backbone of non-neuroinvasive den4 virus. in the present study, we investigated ... | 2016 | 26794396 |
| type i interferon response in olfactory bulb, the site of tick-borne flavivirus accumulation, is primarily regulated by ips-1. | although type i interferons (ifns)-key effectors of antiviral innate immunity are known to be induced via different pattern recognition receptors (prrs), the cellular source and the relative contribution of different prrs in host protection against viral infection is often unclear. ips-1 is a downstream adaptor for retinoid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like receptor signaling. in this study, we investigate the relative contribution of ips-1 in the innate immune response in the different brain region ... | 2016 | 26819220 |
| virucidal activity of haemaphysalis longicornis longicin p4 peptide against tick-borne encephalitis virus surrogate langat virus. | longicin is a defensin-like peptide, identified from the midgut epithelium of hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. several studies have already shown the antimicrobial and parasiticidal activities of longicin peptide and one of its synthetic partial analogs, longicin p4. in this study, longicin peptides were tested for potential antiviral activity against langat virus (lgtv), a tick-borne flavivirus. | 2016 | 26830840 |
| kissing-loop interaction between 5' and 3' ends of tick-borne langat virus genome 'bridges the gap' between mosquito- and tick-borne flaviviruses in mechanisms of viral rna cyclization: applications for virus attenuation and vaccine development. | insertion of microrna target sequences into the flavivirus genome results in selective tissue-specific attenuation and host-range restriction of live attenuated vaccine viruses. however, previous strategies for mirna-targeting did not incorporate a mechanism to prevent target elimination under mirna-mediated selective pressure, restricting their use in vaccine development. to overcome this limitation, we developed a new approach for mirna-targeting of tick-borne flavivirus (langat virus, lgtv) i ... | 2016 | 26850640 |
| innate and adaptive immune responses to tick-borne flavivirus infection in sheep. | the flaviviruses tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) and louping ill virus (liv) are closely-related genetically and antigenically, have broadly similar host ranges that include rodents and other mammals (including sheep), and are both transmitted by the same tick species, ixodes ricinus. although human infection with tbev results in a febrile illness followed in some cases by encephalitis, humans appear to be much less susceptible to infection with liv. however, these viruses demonstrate diffe ... | 2016 | 26931387 |
| an early passage human isolate of kyasanur forest disease virus shows acute neuropathology in experimentally infected cd-1 mice. | kyasanur forest disease virus (kfdv) is a tick-borne flavivirus that causes a severe illness in humans. disease spectrum can vary from subclinical infection to fatal cases with hemorrhagic complications. the pathology of kfdv remains incompletely understood. | 2016 | 27171207 |
| dual function of ccr5 during langat virus encephalitis: reduction in neutrophil-mediated central nervous system inflammation and increase in t cell-mediated viral clearance. | tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) is a vector-transmitted flavivirus that causes potentially fatal neurologic infection. there are thousands of cases reported annually, and despite the availability of an effective vaccine, the incidence of tbev is increasing worldwide. importantly, up to 30% of affected individuals develop long-term neurologic sequelae. we investigated the role of chemokine receptor ccr5 in a mouse model of tbev infection using the naturally attenuated tick-borne flavivirus l ... | 2016 | 27183602 |
| immune cell targets of infection at the tick-skin interface during powassan virus transmission. | powassan virus (powv) is a tick-borne flavivirus that can result in a severe neuroinvasive disease with 50% of survivors displaying long-term neurological sequelae. human powv cases have been documented in canada, the united states, and russia. although the number of reported powv human cases has increased in the past fifteen years, powv remains one of the less studied human pathogenic flaviviruses. ixodes ticks are the vectors for powv, and the virus is transmitted to a host's skin very early d ... | 2016 | 27203436 |
| transcriptome analysis reveals a signature profile for tick-borne flavivirus persistence in hek 293t cells. | tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfvs) cause febrile illnesses, which may progress to severe encephalitis and/or death in humans globally. most people who recover from severe acute disease suffer from debilitating neurological sequelae, which may be due to viral persistence, infection-induced neurological cell damage, host response, or some combination of these. acute tbfv infection of human embryonic kidney (hek) 293t cells in vitro results in the death of >95% of infected cells by day 5. however, rep ... | 2016 | 27222466 |
| stability of a tick-borne flavivirus in milk. | the tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfv) occur worldwide and the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) members of the group often cause severe, debilitating neurological disease in humans. although the primary route of infection is through the bite of an infected tick, alimentary infection through the consumption of tbev-contaminated dairy products is also well-documented and is responsible for some disease in endemic areas. experimental infection of goats, cattle, and sheep with tbev shows that the vi ... | 2016 | 27243000 |
| development of a subgenomic clone system for kyasanur forest disease virus. | emerging tropical viruses pose an increasing threat to public health because social, economic and environmental factors such as global trade and deforestation allow for their migration into previously unexposed populations and ecological niches. among such viruses, kyasanur forest disease virus (kfdv) deserves particular recognition because it causes hemorrhagic fever. this work describes the completion of an antiviral testing platform (subgenomic system) for kfdv that could be used to quickly a ... | 2016 | 27357207 |
| limited effects of type i interferons on kyasanur forest disease virus in cell culture. | the tick-borne flavivirus, kyasanur forest disease virus (kfdv) causes seasonal infections and periodic outbreaks in south-west india. the current vaccine offers poor protection with reported issues of coverage and immunogenicity. since there are no approved prophylactic therapeutics for kfdv, type i ifn-α/β subtypes were assessed for antiviral potency against kfdv in cell culture. | 2016 | 27479197 |
| concurrent micro-rna mediated silencing of tick-borne flavivirus replication in tick vector and in the brain of vertebrate host. | tick-borne viruses include medically important zoonotic pathogens that can cause life-threatening diseases. unlike mosquito-borne viruses, whose impact can be restrained via mosquito population control programs, for tick-borne viruses only vaccination remains the reliable means of disease prevention. for live vaccine viruses a concern exists, that spillovers from viremic vaccinees could result in introduction of genetically modified viruses into sustainable tick-vertebrate host transmission cycl ... | 2016 | 27620807 |
| analysis of the langat virus genome in persistent infection of an ixodes scapularis cell line. | tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfvs) cause a broad spectrum of disease manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to mild febrile illness and life threatening encephalitis. these single-stranded positive-sense (ss(+)) rna viruses are naturally maintained in a persistent infection of ixodid ticks and small-medium sized mammals. the development of cell lines from the ixodid ticks has provided a valuable surrogate system for studying the biology of tbfvs in vitro. when we infected ise6 cells, an ixodes sc ... | 2016 | 27626437 |
| fast type i interferon response protects astrocytes from flavivirus infection and virus-induced cytopathic effects. | neurotropic flaviviruses such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), west nile virus (wnv), and zika virus (zikv) are causative agents of severe brain-related diseases including meningitis, encephalitis, and microcephaly. we have previously shown that local type i interferon response within the central nervous system (cns) is involved in the protection of mice against tick-borne flavivirus infection. however, the cells responsible for mounting this protective ... | 2016 | 27776548 |
| transmission bottlenecks and rnai collectively influence tick-borne flavivirus evolution. | arthropod-borne rna viruses exist within hosts as heterogeneous populations of viral variants and, as a result, possess great genetic plasticity. understanding the micro-evolutionary forces shaping these viruses can provide insights into how they emerge, adapt, and persist in new and changing ecological niches. while considerable attention has been directed toward studying the population dynamics of mosquito-borne viruses, little is known about tick-borne virus populations. therefore, using a mo ... | 2016 | 28058113 |
| modeling powassan virus infection in peromyscus leucopus, a natural host. | the tick-borne flavivirus, powassan virus (powv) causes life-threatening encephalitis in humans in north america and europe. powv is transmitted by ixodid tick vectors that feed on small to medium-sized mammals, such as peromyscus leucopus mice, which may serve as either reservoir, bridge or amplification hosts. intraperitoneal and intracranial inoculation of 4-week old peromyscus leucopus mice with 103 pfu of powv did not result in overt clinical signs of disease. however, following intracrania ... | 2017 | 28141800 |
| powassan virus: an emerging arbovirus of public health concern in north america. | powassan virus (powv, flaviviridae) is the only north american member of the tick-borne encephalitis serogroup of flaviviruses. it is transmitted to small- and medium-sized mammals by ixodes scapularis, ixodes cookei, and several other ixodes tick species. humans become infected with powv during spillover transmission from the natural transmission cycles. in humans, powv is the causative agent of a severe neuroinvasive illness with 50% of survivors displaying long-term neurological sequelae. pow ... | 2017 | 28498740 |
| synchronous langat virus infection of haemaphysalis longicornis using anal pore microinjection. | the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) serocomplex of flaviviruses consists of arboviruses that cause important diseases in animals and humans. the transmission of this group of viruses is commonly associated with tick species such as ixodes spp., dermacentor spp., and hyalomma spp. in the case of haemaphysalis longicornis, the detection and isolation of flaviviruses have been previously reported. however, studies showing survival dynamics of any tick-borne flavivirus in h. longicornis are sti ... | 2017 | 28714929 |
| escape of tick-borne flavivirus from 2' -c-methylated nucleoside antivirals is mediated by a single conservative mutation in ns5 that has a dramatic effect on viral fitness. | tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) causes a severe and potentially fatal neuroinfection in humans. despite its high medical relevance, no specific antiviral therapy is currently available. here we demonstrate that treatment with a nucleoside analog, 7-deaza-2' -c-methyladenosine (7-deaza-2' -cma), substantially improved disease outcome, increased survival, and reduced signs of neuroinfection and viral titers in the brains of mice infected with a lethal dose of tbev. to investigate the mechanis ... | 2017 | 28814513 |
| flavivirus infection of ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick) ex vivo organotypic cultures and applications for disease control. | ixodes scapularis ticks transmit many infectious agents that cause disease, including tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfvs). tbfv infections cause thousands of human encephalitis cases worldwide annually. in the united states, human tbfv infections with powassan virus (powv) are increasing and have a fatality rate of 10 to 30%. additionally, langat virus (lgtv) is a tbfv of low neurovirulence and is used as a model tbfv. tbfv replication and dissemination within i. scapularis organs are poorly charact ... | 2017 | 28830948 |
| dendritic transport of tick-borne flavivirus rna by neuronal granules affects development of neurological disease. | neurological diseases caused by encephalitic flaviviruses are severe and associated with high levels of mortality. however, little is known about the detailed mechanisms of viral replication and pathogenicity in the brain. previously, we reported that the genomic rna of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), a member of the genus flavivirus, is transported and replicated in the dendrites of neurons. in the present study, we analyzed the transport mechanism of the viral genome to dendrites. we ide ... | 2017 | 28847946 |
| rapid detection of powassan virus in a patient with encephalitis by metagenomic sequencing. | we describe a patient with severe and progressive encephalitis of unknown etiology. we performed rapid metagenomic sequencing from cerebrospinal fluid and identified powassan virus, an emerging tick-borne flavivirus that has been increasingly detected in the united states. | 2018 | 29020227 |
| peromyscus leucopus mouse brain transcriptome response to powassan virus infection. | powassan virus (powv) is a tick-borne flavivirus responsible for life-threatening encephalitis in north america and some regions of russia. the ticks that have been reported to transmit the virus belong to the ixodes species, and they feed on small-to-medium-sized mammals, such as peromyscus leucopus mice, skunks, and woodchucks. we previously developed a p. leucopus mouse model of powv infection, and the model is characterized by a lack of clinical signs of disease following intraperitoneal or ... | 2017 | 29147886 |
| transcriptional immunoprofiling at the tick-virus-host interface during early stages of tick-borne encephalitis virus transmission. | emerging and re-emerging diseases transmitted by blood feeding arthropods are significant global public health problems. ticks transmit the greatest variety of pathogenic microorganisms of any blood feeding arthropod. infectious agents transmitted by ticks are delivered to the vertebrate host together with saliva at the bite site. tick salivary glands produce complex cocktails of bioactive molecules that facilitate blood feeding and pathogen transmission by modulating host hemostasis, pain/itch ... | 2017 | 29250492 |
| exosomes serve as novel modes of tick-borne flavivirus transmission from arthropod to human cells and facilitates dissemination of viral rna and proteins to the vertebrate neuronal cells. | molecular determinants and mechanisms of arthropod-borne flavivirus transmission to the vertebrate host are poorly understood. in this study, we show for the first time that a cell line from medically important arthropods, such as ticks, secretes extracellular vesicles (evs) including exosomes that mediate transmission of flavivirus rna and proteins to the human cells. our study shows that tick-borne langat virus (lgtv), a model pathogen closely related to tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), p ... | 2018 | 29300779 |
| a roadmap for tick-borne flavivirus research in the "omics" era. | tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfs) affect human health globally. human vaccines provide protection against some tbfs, and antivirals are available, yet tbf-specific control strategies are limited. advances in genomics offer hope to understand the viral complement transmitted by ticks, and to develop disruptive, data-driven technologies for virus detection, treatment, and control. the genome assemblies of ixodes scapularis, the north american tick vector of the tbf, powassan virus, and other tick vec ... | 2017 | 29312896 |
| development of single step rt-pcr for detection of kyasanur forest disease virus from clinical samples. | kyasanur forest disease (kfd), a tick borne flavivirus, which was earlier endemic to karnataka state, india, has been confirmed and detected from neighboring states of tamil nadu, maharashtra, goa and kerala states in india. increased human and vector surveillance therefore becomes essential for the identification of kfd affected regions and control of further spread of the disease. currently, available kfd detection assays include realtime rt-pcr and nested rt-pcr assays. here we describe the d ... | 2018 | 29560461 |
| increased relative risk of tick-borne encephalitis in warmer weather. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is a serious acute neuroinfection of humans caused by a tick-borne flavivirus. the disease is typically seasonal, linked to the host-seeking activity of ixodes ricinus (predominantly nymphs), the principal european tick vector species. to address the need for accurate risk predictions of contracting tbe, data on 4,044 tbe cases reported in the czech republic during 2001-2006 were compared with questing activity of i. ricinus nymphs monitored weekly at a defined loca ... | 2018 | 29623261 |
| powassan virus disease in the united states, 2006-2016. | powassan virus (powv) is a tick-borne flavivirus that causes rare, but often severe, disease in humans. powv neuroinvasive disease was added to the u.s. nationally notifiable disease list in 2001 and nonneuroinvasive disease was added in 2004. the only previous review of the epidemiology of powv disease in the united states based on cases reported to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) covered the period from 1999 through 2005. | 2018 | 29652642 |
| generation of a lineage ii powassan virus (deer tick virus) cdna clone: assessment of flaviviral genetic determinants of tick and mosquito vector competence. | the flavivirus genus comprises a diverse group of viruses that utilize a wide range of vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. the genus includes viruses that are transmitted solely by mosquitoes or vertebrate hosts as well as viruses that alternate transmission between mosquitoes or ticks and vertebrates. nevertheless, the viral genetic determinants that dictate these unique flaviviral host and vector specificities have been poorly characterized. in this report, a cdna clone of a flavivirus tha ... | 2018 | 29782238 |
| viral determinants of virulence in tick-borne flaviviruses. | tick-borne flaviviruses have a global distribution and cause significant human disease, including encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever, and often result in neurologic sequelae. there are two distinct properties that determine the neuropathogenesis of a virus. the ability to invade the central nervous system (cns) is referred to as the neuroinvasiveness of the agent, while the ability to infect and damage cells within the cns is referred to as its neurovirulence. examination of laboratory variants, ... | 2018 | 29914165 |
| tick-borne flaviviruses and the type i interferon response. | flaviviruses are globally distributed pathogens causing millions of human infections every year. flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses and are mainly transmitted by either ticks or mosquitoes. mosquito-borne flaviviruses and their interactions with the innate immune response have been well-studied and reviewed extensively, thus this review will discuss tick-borne flaviviruses and their interactions with the host innate immune response. | 2018 | 29933625 |
| the role of mammalian reservoir hosts in tick-borne flavivirus biology. | small-to-medium sized mammals and large animals are lucrative sources of blood meals for ixodid ticks that transmit life-threatening tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfvs). tbfvs have been isolated from various organs obtained from wild-caught myodes and apodemus species in europe and asia. thus, these rodents are well-established reservoirs of tbfvs. wild-caught peromyscus species have demonstrated seropositivity against powassan virus, the only tbfv known to circulate in north america, suggesting tha ... | 2018 | 30234026 |
| [tick-borne encephalitis]. | tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) belongs to the flaviviridae family and flavivirus genus. tbev is maintained in transmission cycles between ixodid ticks and wild mammalian hosts, particularly rodents. a wide range of animal species are also infected with tbev by the bite of infected ticks, and tbev infection causes fatal encephalitis in humans. tbev is endemic widely in the eurasian continent, and more than 10,000 cases of the disease are reported annually. in japan, the 1st confirmed case o ... | 2017 | 30369538 |
| kyasanur forest disease virus infection activates human vascular endothelial cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. | kyasanur forest disease virus (kfdv) is a highly pathogenic tick-borne flavivirus enzootic to india. in humans, kfdv causes a severe febrile disease. in some infected individuals, hemorrhagic manifestations, such as bleeding from the nose and gums and gastrointestinal bleeding with hematemesis and/or blood in the stool, have been reported. however, the mechanisms underlying these hemorrhagic complications remain unknown, and there is no information about the specific target cells for kfdv. we in ... | 2018 | 30401896 |
| detection of a novel tick-borne flavivirus and its serological surveillance. | tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), a flavivirus that causes severe neurological symptoms in humans, has been found in hokkaido, japan. in the present study, we detected sequences from a novel tick-borne flavivirus, designated yamaguchi virus (ygv), in liver and serum samples obtained from a wild boar in the yamaguchi prefecture, japan. phylogenetic analysis revealed that ygv belongs to the tbev complex and is closely related to langat virus (lgtv). ygv was also detected by specific rt-pcr fro ... | 2019 | 30902589 |
| tick-borne flavivirus reproduction inhibitors based on isoxazole core linked with adamantane. | infections caused by flaviviruses pose a huge threat for public health all over the world. the search for therapeutically relevant compounds targeting tick-borne flaviviruses requires the exploration of novel chemotypes. in the present work a large series of novel polyfunctionalized isoxazole derivatives bearing substituents with various steric and electronic effects was obtained by our unique versatile synthetic procedure and their antiviral activity against tick-borne encephalitis, omsk hemorr ... | 2019 | 30947098 |