Publications

chloromonilicin, a new antifungal metabolite produced by monilinia fructicola.		1985	3839228
a new antifungal substance, bromomonilicin, and its precursor produced by monilinia fructicola.		1986	3949629
inermin associated with pisatin in peas inoculated with the fungus monilinia fructicola.		1972	5059671
enzymes of glucose catabolism in monilinia fructicola.		1969	5768608
use of ssu rdna group-i intron to distinguish monilinia fructicola from m. laxa and m. fructigena.	monilinia fructicola, m. laxa and m. fructigena are the causal agents of brown rot of pome and stone fruits. m. fructicola is not present in europe and is classed as a quarantine pathogen in eu countries. a 418-bp group-i intron has been located in the small subunit (ssu) rdna gene of m. fructicola which is absent from m. laxa and m. fructigena. pcr primers specific to the 3'-region of the intron together with the ssu rdna primer ns5 were able to amplify a 444-bp product from m. fructicola and f ...	1997	9435113
affinity purification and characterization of a cutinase from the fungal plant pathogen monilinia fructicola (wint.) honey.	trifluoromethyl ketones (tfk) are potent inhibitors of a variety of serine hydrolases. the tfk inhibitor, 3-(4-mercaptobutylthio)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone (mbtfp), was found to competitively inhibit cutinase activity (i50 = 9.4 x 10(-3)) from the fungal plant pathogen monilinia fructicola and to serve as an effective affinity ligand for the purification of cutinases from culture filtrates. the tfk inhibitors, 3-n-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone (otfp) and 3-n-pentylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro- ...	2000	11051094
the effects of some polyamine biosynthetic inhibitors on growth and morphology of phytopathogenic fungi.	we have studied the effects of two polyamine biosynthetic inhibitors, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo) and alpha-difluoromethylarginine (dfma), and of polyamines (pas), alone and in combination, on mycelial growth and morphology of four phytopathogenic fungi: botrytis sp, b. cinerea, rhizoctonia solani and monilinia fructicola. the inhibitors were added to a czapek agar medium to get final concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mm. dfmo and dfma, suicide inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase ( ...	1985	11541300
molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of a redox-responsive cutinase from monilinia fructicola (wint.) honey.	cdna clones encoding a cutinase expressed in cutin-induced cultures of the plant pathogen monilinia fructicola were isolated using a protein-based strategy. the largest cdna (mfcut1) was found to contain an open reading frame of 603 bp that predicted a 20.2-kda protein of 201 amino acids with a 20-amino-acid secretory signal peptide and a pi of 8.4. the predicted protein contained cutinase/lipase consensus sequences with active site serines and potential protein kinase phosphorylation sites. com ...	2002	11929215
cloning and expression analysis of the atp-binding cassette transporter gene mfabc1 and the alternative oxidase gene mfaox1 from monilinia fructicola.	brown rot, caused by moniliniafructicola (g wint) honey, is a serious disease of peach in all commercial peach production areas in the usa, including south carolina where it has been primarily controlled by pre-harvest application of 14-alpha demethylation (dmi) fungicides for more than 15 years. recently, the qo fungicide azoxystrobin was registered for brown rot control and is currently being investigated for its potential as a dmi fungicide rotation partner because of its different mode of ac ...	2003	14561072
identification and characterization of benzimidazole resistance in monilinia fructicola from stone fruit orchards in california.	low and high levels of resistance to the benzimidazole fungicides benomyl and thiophanate-methyl were observed in field isolates of monilinia fructicola, which is the causative agent of brown rot of stone fruit. isolates that had low levels of resistance (hereafter referred to as lr isolates) and high levels of resistance (hereafter referred to as hr isolates) were also cold and heat sensitive, respectively. results from microsatellite dna fingerprints showed that genetic identities among the po ...	2003	14660360
biosynthesis of lambertellols based on the high specific incorporation of the 13c-labeled acetates and their biological properties.	biosyntheses of lambertellols a (1) and b (2) as well as lambertellin (3) were investigated by isotope labeling experiments. nearly 40% of specific incorporation of [1,2-(13)c(2)]acetate was achieved, and all the carbons in 1 and 2 were labeled. this high incorporation of the labeled acetate was realized by providing inadequate spectra by employing only 0.4 and 0.7 mg of 1 and 2, respectively. our studies revealed that 1-3 are biogenetically synthesized via loss of two carbons from octameric ace ...	2004	15281810
mycoviruses in monilinia fructicola.	dsrnas were detected in 36 of 49 monilinia fructicola isolates from stone fruit orchards in new zealand. the dsrna profiles were highly variable, even between isolates from a single tree. comparison of pathogenicity on detached fruit, in vitro growth rate, and sporulation of 14 isolates showed no obvious correlation with presence of dsrnas. partially purified extracts from four isolates were examined for the presence of virus-like particles by transmission electron microscopy. one isolate contai ...	2004	15449595
evaluation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic kaolin particle films for peach crop, arthropod and disease management.	hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic kaolin particle film treatments to peach (prunus persica (l) batsch) trees were evaluated for crop and pest management capabilities in six studies from 1997 to 2000. unsprayed control and standard treatments, the latter consisting of a commercial pesticide program, were included for comparison. treatments in initial studies were applied via handgun, which resulted in a uniform and heavy deposit of kaolin after the first application. in contrast, treatments in subse ...	2005	15593071
effects of a biocontrol agent and methyl jasmonate on postharvest diseases of peach fruit and the possible mechanisms involved.	to investigate effects of application of 200 micromol l(-1) methyl jasmonate [meja (200)] and cryptococcus laurentii alone or in combination against postharvest diseases (monilinia fructicola and penicillium expansum) in peach fruit stored at 25 and 0 degrees c, and to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved.	2005	15752341
agrobacterium t-dna-mediated integration and gene replacement in the brown rot pathogen monilinia fructicola.	a transformation system utilizing agrobacterium tumefaciens was developed for targeted gene disruption in monilinia fructicola, a fungal pathogen that causes brown rot disease of stone fruits. transformation with a vector containing the neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii) cassette flanked with 4 kb cutinase gene (mfcut1) flanking sequences resulted in an average of 13 transformants per 10(5) spores. when assayed by pcr and dna blot analyses, more than 50% of the transformants recovered had in ...	2006	16468040
combination of antagonistic yeasts with two food additives for control of brown rot caused by monilinia fructicola on sweet cherry fruit.	to evaluate beneficial effect of two food additives, ammonium molybdate (nh4-mo) and sodium bicarbonate (nabi), on antagonistic yeasts for control of brown rot caused by monilinia fructicola in sweet cherry fruit under various storage conditions. the mechanisms of action by which food additives enhance the efficacy of antagonistic yeasts were also evaluated.	2006	16478490
molecular characterization of the two-component histidine kinase gene from monilinia fructicola.	brown rot of stone fruit caused by monilinia fructicola (g. wint) honey is one of the most common fungal diseases in california. in this study, two laboratory-induced iprodione-resistant (lir) mutants of m. fructicola were characterized by osmotic sensitivity, virulence on prune and sequence of the two-component histidine kinase gene (mfos-1). the lir mutants showed more sensitivity to osmotic stress and lower virulence on prune than their wild-type parent. analysis of deduced amino acid of mfos ...	2006	16900578
phenotyping and genotyping of haemonchus contortus isolates reveals a new putative candidate mutation for benzimidazole resistance in nematodes.	in order to monitor and eventually control the spread of drug-resistant haemonchus contortus, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance is essential. here we phenotypically and genotypically characterize three multidrug-resistant h. contortus field isolates from australia and south africa. all were significantly less susceptible to thiabendazole than a sensitive reference strain in an in vitro egg-hatch assay. the sensitivity was further reduced in a surviving population after ...	2007	17101226
the strange case of a biofilm-forming strain of pichia fermentans, which controls monilinia brown rot on apple but is pathogenic on peach fruit.	a biofilm-forming strain of pichia fermentans proved to be most effective in controlling brown rot on apple fruit when coinoculated into artificial wounds with a phytopathogenic isolate of monilinia fructicola. culture filtrates and autoclaved cells had no significant influence on the disease. when sprayed onto the apple fruit surface, this yeast formed a thin biofilm but failed to colonize the underlying tissues. when inoculated into wounds artificially inflicted to peach fruit or when sprayed ...	2007	17727660
in vitro inhibition of postharvest pathogens of fruit and control of gray mold of strawberry and green mold of citrus by aureobasidin a.	aureobasidin a (aba), an antifungal cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic produced by aureobasidium pullulans r106, has previously been shown to be effective against a wide range of fungi and protozoa. here we report the inhibitory effects of aba on spore germination, germ tuber elongation and hyphal growth of five pathogenic fungi including penicillium digitatum, p. italicum, p. expansum, botrytis cinerea and monilinia fructicola, which are major pathogens causing postharvest diseases of a variety of ...	2007	17765990
quantification of allele e198a in beta-tubulin conferring benzimidazole resistance in monilinia fructicola using real-time pcr.	thiophanate-methyl, a member of the benzimidazole class of fungicides, is used in california to control brown rot of stone fruit caused by monilinia fructicola (g. wint.) honey. the goal of this study was to develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay as an efficient method to quantify the e198a allele of beta-tubulin that confers benzimidazole resistance.	2007	17912681
effect of hexanal vapor on the growth of postharvest pathogens and fruit decay.	the effect of the natural volatile hexanal was studied as an antifungal agent on the major postharvest fungal pathogens botrytis cinerea, monilinia fructicola, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, alternaria alternata, and colletotrichum gloeosporioides. the antifungal effect of hexanal vapor was dependent on concentration and treatment duration, but sensitivity of the pathogens varied. all spores of b. cinerea and m. fructicola were killed after exposure to 900 microl/l for 12 h at 20 degrees c, and almos ...	2007	17995777
the cytochrome p450 lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase gene is a demethylation inhibitor fungicide resistance determinant in monilinia fructicola field isolates from georgia.	resistance in monilinia fructicola to demethylation inhibitor (dmi) fungicides is beginning to emerge in north america, but its molecular basis is unknown. two potential genetic determinants of dmi fungicide resistance including the 14alpha-demethylase gene (mfcyp51) and the atp-binding cassette transporter gene mfabc1, were investigated in six resistant (dmi-r) and six sensitive (dmi-s) field isolates. no point mutations leading to an amino acid change were found in the mfcyp51 gene. the consti ...	2008	18024679
the benefits of combining elemental sulfur with a dmi fungicide to control monilinia fructicola isolates resistant to propiconazole.	management of demethylation inhibitor (dmi) fungicide resistance in monilinia fructicola (g. winter) honey is a priority in peach orchards of the southeastern united states, but dmi fungicides are still an important component of antiresistance strategies in view of the few effective alternatives. the goal of this study was to investigate potential benefits of a sulfur/propiconazole mixture for the control of propiconazole-resistant isolates.	2008	18069653
antifungal effect of gaseous nitric oxide on mycelium growth, sporulation and spore germination of the postharvest horticulture pathogens, aspergillus niger, monilinia fructicola and penicillium italicum.	to evaluate the antifungal activity of nitric oxide (no) against the growth of the postharvest horticulture pathogens aspergillus niger, monilinia fructicola and penicillium italicum under in vitro conditions.	2008	18444976
effect of microbial biocontrol agents on alleviating oxidative damage of peach fruit subjected to fungal pathogen.	levels of protein carbonylation in peach fruits inoculated with four antagonistic yeasts (pichia membranaefaciens, cryptococcus laurentii, candida guilliermondii and rhodotorula glutinis) were significantly reduced in response to reactive oxygen species (ros) caused by monilinia fructicola. in control fruit without yeast treatments, proteins carbonylation obviously increased after inoculation with m. fructicola, ranging from molecular mass 20 to 120 kda. however, in yeast-treated fruits, no prot ...	2008	18558450
development of biocontrol agents from food microbial isolates for controlling post-harvest peach brown rot caused by monilinia fructicola.	an unconventional strategy of screening food microbes for biocontrol activity was used to develop biocontrol agents for controlling post-harvest peach brown rot caused by monilinia fructicola. forty-four microbial isolates were first screened for their biocontrol activity on apple fruit. compared with the pathogen-only check, seven of the 44 isolates reduced brown rot incidence by >50%, including four bacteria: bacillus sp. c06, lactobacillus sp. c03-b and bacillus sp. t03-c, lactobacillus sp. p ...	2008	18573559
evaluation of messenger plant activator as a preharvest and postharvest treatment of sweet cherry fruit under a controlled atmosphere.	the preservation methods as an alternative to chemical control to prevent postharvest quality losses of sweet cherry were examined. the efficacy of preharvest and postharvest messenger (m) treatments on sweet cherry cv. '0900 ziraat' was tested under a controlled atmosphere in 2004 and 2005. the factors investigated included the separate or combined effect of low oxygen, high carbon dioxide and m on the quality and fungal pathogens of sweet cherries in a normal atmosphere (na) and in a controlle ...	2008	18671163
expression analysis of a plum pathogenesis related 10 (pr10) protein during brown rot infection.	plant pr10 is one of the pathogenesis related proteins, induced upon exposure to different stress conditions including fungal infection. pr10 proteins have been implicated in fungal disease resistance in some species; however its transcriptional regulation is not well understood. in the present work we cloned a pr10 gene from european plums (prunus domestica l.) and monitored the quantitative changes in its transcript levels as a result of fungal infection in two varieties. we also studied the p ...	2009	18815787
adaptation to fungicides in monilinia fructicola isolates with different fungicide resistance phenotypes.	the ability to develop fungicide resistance was assessed in monilinia fructicola isolates with different fungicide sensitivity phenotypes by adapting mycelium and conidia to increasing concentrations of selective fungicides and uv mutagenesis. results showed that adaptation to quinone outside inhibitor (qoi) fungicide azoxystrobin and sterol demethylation inhibitor (dmi) fungicide propiconazole was more effective in conidial-transfer experiments compared to mycelial-transfer experiments. dmi-res ...	2008	18943200
instability of propiconazole resistance and fitness in monilinia fructicola.	abstract the fitness and the dynamics of demethylation inhibitor fungicide (dmi) sensitivity in isolates of monilinia fructicola sensitive (no growth at 0.3 mg/liter propiconazole) and resistant (>/=50% relative growth at 0.3 mg/liter propiconazole) to propiconazole were investigated. overall, there was no considerable compromise in the fitness of resistant isolates compared to sensitive isolates of m. fructicola at the time of collection. resistant and sensitive isolates differed in their sensi ...	2007	18943285
risk analysis for latent infection of prune by monilinia fructicola in california.	abstract the quantitative relationships between incidence of latent infection (ili) of prune by monilinia fructicola and wetness duration (wd) for different bloom and fruit developmental stages and different inoculum concentrations were obtained. three levels of ili were considered as criteria for low, moderate, and high risks of latent infection, respectively. seasonal patterns of wd leading to different risk levels of latent infection were obtained for low (ip(l)) and high (ip(h)) inoculum pot ...	2001	18943335
inoculum dynamics, fruit infection, and development of brown rot in prune orchards in california.	abstract brown rot, caused by monilinia fructicola, is a destructive disease of stone fruit in california. disease management requires information on inoculum dynamics and development of latent and visible fruit infections during the season to help make decisions on timing of fungicide treatments and choice of cultural practices. in this study, the daily spore concentration (ascospores and conidia) of m. fructicola in the air was monitored with spore traps in two prune orchards during the growin ...	2005	18943464
induction, regulation, and role in pathogenesis of appressoria in monilinia fructicola.	abstract monilinia fructicola, which causes brown rot in stone fruit, forms appressoria on plant and artificial surfaces. on nectarine, the frequency of appressoria produced by conidial germlings depends to a large degree on the stage of fruit development, with numerous appressoria formed on immature (stage ii) nectarine fruit, and no appressoria observed on fully mature fruit (late stage iii). on polystyrene surfaces, appressorium formation was increased from <10% of germinated conidia to >95% ...	2006	18943495
species-specific detection of monilinia fructicola from california stone fruits and flowers.	abstract a set of molecular diagnostics was developed for monilinia fructicola, causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, capable of sensitive detection of the pathogen in planta. species-specific repetitive sequences were identified from a partial library of 312 recombinant clones hybridized with total dna, followed by subsequent screening for specificity. one hundred isolates, comprising 12 fungal species common to california stone fruits, were surveyed for specificity. three clones hybridize ...	2001	18943587
fruit exocarp phenols in relation to quiescence and development of monilinia fructicola infections in prunus spp.: a role for cellular redox?	abstract monilinia fructicola causes brown rot of prunus species and usually remains quiescent on immature fruit but reactivates when fruit are mature. the dihydroxycinnamates caffeic acid and its quinate ester, chlorogenic acid, abundant in the exocarp of peach fruit, had no effect on fungal growth but markedly inhibited the production of the cell wall degrading enzymes polygalacturonase and cutinase in m. fructicola cultures. this inhibition was related to changes in the electrochemical redox ...	2007	18943645
enhancement of biocontrol activity of cryptococcus laurentii by silicon and the possible mechanisms involved.	abstract exogenous application of silicon (si) in the form of sodium metasilicate reduced disease development caused by penicillium expansum and monilinia fructicola in sweet cherry fruit at 20 degrees c. the inhibition of fruit decay was correlated closely with si concentrations. silicon at concentrations of 1%, in combination with the biocontrol agent cryptococcus laurentii at 1 x 10(7) cells per ml, provided synergistic effects against both diseases. population dynamics of c. laurentii were s ...	2005	18943838
risk analysis of brown rot blossom blight of prune caused by monilinia fructicola.	experiments under controlled environmental conditions were conducted during bloom of prune (prunus domestica, l.) in 1999 and 2000 to assess the effects of inoculum concentration (ic), wetness duration (wd), temperature, and bloom stages on development of brown rot blossom blight of prunes. branches from trees of a prune orchard were inoculated with monilinia fructicola at different bloom stages and incubated at different temperatures with different periods of wd. the proportion of blighted blos ...	2001	18944033
development of spontaneous hygromycin b resistance in monilinia fructicola and its impact on growth rate, morphology, susceptibility to demethylation inhibitor fungicides, and sporulation.	abstract agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with plasmids carrying the hygromycin b resistance gene hph frequently is being used for inserting genes into fungal spores and mycelial cells and for conducting insertional mutagenesis to identify genes connected to a particular phenotype. in this article, we report that stable hygromycin b resistance can develop spontaneously in germinating conidia from monilinia fructicola and that the mutants exhibit altered phenotypes. one spontaneo ...	2003	18944062
threshold conditions that lead latent infection to prune fruit rot caused by monilinia fructicola.	abstract inoculations were performed six to eight times in each of 10 prune orchards located in nine counties of california. in each inoculation, branches that bore 40 to 60 blossoms or 30 to 40 fruit were inoculated with conidial suspensions of monilinia fructicola. three inoculum concentrations and 14 to 16 h of humidity were used for each inoculation. all inoculated fruit were maintained on trees and harvested separately 2 weeks before commercial harvest. the incidence of latent infection (il ...	2003	18944163
factors affecting latent infection of prune fruit by monilinia fructicola.	abstract experiments were conducted in three prune orchards in california. in each orchard, inoculations with monilinia fructicola, the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, were performed on branches of trees at bloom and fruit developmental stages. five inoculum concentrations were used in each inoculation. six and four wetness durations were created for each inoculum concentration at bloom and fruit developmental stages, respectively. fruit were harvested 3 weeks before commercial harves ...	2001	18944232
early brown rot infections in sweet cherry fruit are detected by monilinia-specific dna primers.	abstract visible and nonvisible quiescent infections of immature and mature fruit are an integral component of the disease cycle of brown rot of sweet cherry in california. detection of these infections is critical for developing efficient and efficacious fungicide management programs. the previously published dna amplification primers mfs3 and ns5 for the identification of monilinia fructicola were very specific in amplifying dna of m. fructicola only and not m. laxa. this primer set, however, ...	2000	18944605
influence of incubation-period humidity on the development of brown rot blossom blight of sour cherry.	abstract when detached sour cherry (prunus cerasus) blossoms were inoculated with conidia of monilinia fructicola and subjected to a standard 8-h wetting treatment at 20 degrees c, blossom blight incidence was proportional to relative humidity (rh) when rh was held constant during the subsequent 6-day incubation period (frequency = 1.0 at the maximum rh of 92%; frequency = 0.38 at the minimum rh of 57%). similarly, when a primary incubation period at 87% rh was followed by a secondary incubation ...	1997	18945152
morphology and description of bursaphelenchus platzeri n. sp. (nematoda: parasitaphelenchidae), an associate of nitidulid beetles.	bursaphelenchus platzeri n. sp., an associate of nitidulid beetles in southern california, is described and illustrated. adult males and females of b. platzeri n. sp. were examined by scanning electron microscopy for ultrastructural comparisons with other members of the genus. bursaphelenchus cocophilus (red ring nematode) appears to be the closest related taxon to b. platzeri n. sp. based upon shared morphological features of the fused spicules, female tail shape, phoresy with non-scolytid beet ...	2006	19259440
bursaphelenchus anatolius n. sp. (nematoda: parasitaphelenchidae), an associate of bees in the genus halictus.	bursaphelenchus anatolius n. sp., a phoretic associate of halictus bees from ankara, turkey, is described and illustrated. bursaphelenchus anatolius n. sp. is closest to b. kevini, which is phoretically associated with halictus bees from the pacific northwest. bursaphelenchus anatolius n. sp. and b. kevini appear to be sister taxa based upon several shared morphological features, similar life histories involving phoresy with soil-dwelling halictus bees, and molecular analysis of the near-full-le ...	2005	19262882
description of bursaphelenchus abruptus n. sp. (nemata: aphelenchoididae), an associate of a digger bee.	bursaphelenchus abruptus n. sp., an associate of the digger bee, anthophora abrupta (hymenoptera: anthophoridae), is described and illustrated. bursaphelenchus abruptus n. sp. can be differentiated from other species of bursaphelenchus by the absence of head annules, stylet length, length of the postuterine sac, shape of female tail, spicule morphology, and male caudal papillae arrangement. two plant-pathogenic fungi, monilinia fructicola and botrytis cinerea, and a monilia sp. isolated from an ...	1993	19279754
solarization for nematode disinfestation of small volumes of soil.	several polyethylene plastics were evaluated as potential materials for disinfesting small volumes of soil containing nematodes. bursaphelenchus seani, cultured on the fungus monilinia fructicola in petri dishes, was used to bioassay the survival and reproductive capability of nematodes buried 7.5 cm deep in margate fine sand (soil moisture = 4.9%). the soil was exposed to sunlight for 6 days in may 1987. the highest mean temperatures recorded at 7.5 cm deep were 38 +/- 1 c, 43 +/- 1 c, 43 +/- 1 ...	1988	19290301
evaluation of food additives as alternative or complementary chemicals to conventional fungicides for the control of major postharvest diseases of stone fruit.	to evaluate potential alternatives to conventional fungicides to control decay, more than 20 food additives and generally regarded as safe compounds were tested at three concentrations in in vivo primary screenings with several cultivars of california peaches, nectarines, and plums that had been artificially inoculated with seven major postharvest pathogens: monilinia fructicola, botrytis cinerea, geotrichum candidum, alternaria alternata, penicillium expansum, mucor piriformis, and rhizopus sto ...	2009	19517732
effect of temperature and water activity on in vitro germination of monilinia spp.	this study evaluated the effect of temperature (0-38 degrees c) and water activity (a(w): 0.87-0.99) on the lag phase prior to germination and the percentage of germination over time for monilinia laxa, monilinia fructicola and monilinia fructigena.	2010	19519666
a new selective medium for the recovery and enumeration of monilinia fructicola, m. fructigena, and m. laxa from stone fruits.	isolation of monilinia spp. from stone and pome fruit surfaces is difficult due to the presence of several fast-growing fungal species such as rhizopus, alternaria, and penicillium spp. therefore, a new selective medium (acidified potato dextrose agar [ph 3.6] amended with fosetyl-aluminum [fosetyl-al] at 500 microg/ml) (apda-f500) was developed for the recovery of monilinia propagules. the antifungal agents fosetyl-al, dichloran, ammonium molybdate, and 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dd-glucose) were tes ...	2009	19740034
overexpression of a redox-regulated cutinase gene, mfcut1, increases virulence of the brown rot pathogen monilinia fructicola on prunus spp.	a 4.5-kb genomic dna containing a monilinia fructicola cutinase gene, mfcut1, and its flanking regions were isolated and characterized. sequence analysis revealed that the genomic mfcut1 carries a 63-bp intron and a promoter region with several transcription factor binding sites that may confer redox regulation of mfcut1 expression. redox regulation is indicated by the effect of antioxidants, shown previously to inhibit mfcut1 gene expression in cutin-induced cultures, and in the present study, ...	2010	20064061
genetic diversity of populations of monilinia fructicola (fungi, ascomycota, helotiales) from china.	the genetic variation among 128 isolates of monilinia fructicola (fungi, ascomycota, helotiales) from china was analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) markers and compared with those of samples from california, usa and new zealand. a total of 72 reproducible dna fragments were scored, of which 87.5% (63/72) were polymorphic. the nei's gene diversity and shannon's diversity indices of three chinese regional populations were very similar to that from california. however, several differ ...	2010	20113378
yeasts associated with nectarines and their potential for biological control of brown rot.	resident fruit microflora has been the source of biocontrol agents for the control of postharvest decay of fruits and the active ingredient in commercialized biocontrol products. with the exception of grapes and apples, information on the resident microflora of other fruits is only fragmentary, but greater knowledge in this area can be very helpful in developing biocontrol strategies. we characterized the yeast microflora of nectarines ('croce del sud') from the early stages of fruit development ...	2010	20225339
synergistic effect of oligochitosan and silicon on inhibition of monilinia fructicola infections.	oligochitosan has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and shows an obvious inhibitory effect on phytopathogens. in addition, as an exogenous elicitor, it can induce various defence responses, including affecting the activities of several defence-related enzymes and substances in some plants. owing to this dual function of oligochitosan, it can be used to control postharvest diseases of fruits. silicon, like oligochitosan, also has a dual function. in this study the synergistic effect of oligoc ...	2010	20355091
synthesis, characterization, and antifungal activity of novel quaternary chitosan derivatives.	three novel quaternary chitosan derivatives were successfully synthesized by reaction of chloracetyl chitosan (cacs) with pyridine (pacs), 4-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-pyridine (chpacs), and 4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-pyridine (bhpacs). the chemical structure of the prepared chitosan derivatives was confirmed by fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) and (13)c nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)c nmr) and their antifungal activity against cladosporium cucumerinum, monilinia fructic ...	2010	20615498
gamma-polyglutamic acid (gamma-pga) produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens c06 promoting its colonization on fruit surface.	bacillus amyloliquefaciens c06, an effective biological agent in controlling brown rot of stone fruit caused by monilinia fructicola, was also found to produce extra-cellular mucilage and form mucoid colonies on semi-solid surfaces. this study aimed to characterize the extra-cellular mucilage produced by b. amyloliquefaciens c06 using transposon mutagenesis and biochemical and physical analyses. the mucilage production in b. amyloliquefaciens c06 was demonstrated to be associated with ywsc gene ...	2010	20638145
culturable bacterial microflora associated with nectarine fruit and their potential for control of brown rot.	microflora of fruit surfaces have been the best source of antagonists against fungi causing postharvest decay of fruit. however, there is little information on microflora colonizing surfaces of fruits other than grape, apple, and citrus. we characterized bacterial microflora on nectarine fruit surfaces from the early stage of development until harvest. identification of bacterial strains was made using midi (fatty acid methyl ester analysis) and biolog systems. biolog identified 35% and midi 53% ...	2010	20657618
postharvest management of gray mold and brown rot on surfaces of peaches and grapes using electrolyzed oxidizing water.	this study evaluated the potential use of near-neutral (ph=6.3-6.5) electrolyzed oxidizing water (eo water) to inactivate pure cultures of botrytis cinerea and monilinia fructicola and to mitigate fungal infection of these organisms on fruit surfaces. treatment of these organisms, in pure culture, with eo water at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100ppm total residual chlorine (trc) and 10 min of contact time resulted in a 6 log(10) spores/ml reduction of both organisms. a dip treatment or a di ...	2010	20696490
an intron in the cytochrome b gene of monilinia fructicola mitigates the risk of resistance development to qoi fungicides.	the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene is a key genetic determinant for quinone outside inhibitor (qoi) fungicide resistance in plant pathogenic fungi. a mutation at amino acid position g143 can cause qualitative resistance unless it is part of the recognition site for a self-splicing intron. the objective of this study was to clone and sequence the cyt b gene from monilinia fructicola (wint.) honey, the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, and to assess the risk for the development of a mutation a ...	2010	20814880
variations in sequence and occurrence of ssu rdna group i introns in monilinia fructicola isolates.	a group i intron of 418 base pairs in the monilinia fructicola ribosomal small-subunit sequence was characterized. the absence of such an intron in m. laxa and m. fructigena led to a pcr test for m. fructicola identification based on the presence of this intron. the failure to amplify a pcr fragment for some isolates of m. fructicola recently lead to speculation that the intron might not be present always in m. fructicola. in this study, we analyzed 13 isolates of m. fructicola and found that th ...	2004	21148851
evaluation of commercial essential oil samples on the growth of postharvest pathogen monilinia fructicola (g. winter) honey.	to assess the effect of several commercial essential oils samples australian lemon myrtle (backhousia citriodora), cinnamon bark (cinnamomum zeylanicum), oregano (origanum vulgare), thyme oil (thymus vulgaris), clove bud (eugenia caryophyllata), valerian (valeriana officinalis) and australian tea tree oil (melaleuca alternifolia) on mycelium growth and spore germination of monilinia fructicola. the effectiveness of lemon myrtle essential oil as a fumigant for the control of brown rot in nectarin ...	2011	21294758
functions of lipopeptides bacillomycin d and fengycin in antagonism of bacillus amyloliquefaciens c06 towards monilinia fructicola.	in previous studies, bacillus amyloliquefaciens c06 has been proven to be effective in controlling brown rot of stone fruit caused by monilinia fructicola. when tested in vitro, cell-free filtrate of b. amyloliquefaciens c06 significantly inhibited mycelial growth and conidial germination of the fungal pathogen. this study aimed to determine the role of the antifungal compound(s) in the cell-free filtrate of b. amyloliquefaciens c06 by an approach combining a dna-based suppression subtractive hy ...	2011	21335978
characterization of the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene from monilinia species causing brown rot of stone and pome fruit and its significance in the development of qoi resistance.	quinone outside inhibitor (qoi) resistance as a consequence of point mutations in the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene has been reported in numerous plant pathogenic fungi. to examine the potential for qoi resistance development in those monilinia species causing brown rot of stone and pome fruits [monilinia fructicola (g winter) honey, m. laxa (aderhold & ruhland) honey and m. fructigena (aderhold & ruhland) honey], an examination was made of the sequence and exon/intron structure of their cyt b genes ...	2010	21394871
prunus domestica pathogenesis-related protein-5 activates the defense response pathway and enhances the resistance to fungal infection.	pathogenesis-related protein-5 (pr-5) has been implicated in plant disease resistance and its antifungal activity has been demonstrated in some fruit species. however, their roles, especially their interactions with the other defense responses in plant cells, are still not fully understood. in this study, we have cloned and characterized a new pr-5 cdna named pdpr5-1 from the european plum (prunus domestica). expression of pdpr5-1 was studied in different cultivars varying in resistance to the b ...	2011	21448276
Monilinia species causing brown rot of peach in China.	In this study, 145 peaches and nectarines displaying typical brown rot symptoms were collected from multiple provinces in China. A subsample of 26 single-spore isolates were characterized phylogenetically and morphologically to ascertain species. Phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), ß-tubulin (TUB2) revealed the presence of three distinct Monilinia species. These species included Monilinia fructicola, Monili ...	2011	21980371
Endospore production allows using spray-drying as a possible formulation system of the biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis CPA-8.	The role of endospore production by Bacillus subtilis CPA-8 on survival during spray-drying was investigated by comparison with a non-spore-forming biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2. Endospore formation promoted heat resistance in CPA-8 depending on growth time (72 h cultures were more resistant than 24 h ones). The survival of CPA-8 and CPA-2 after spray-drying was determined after being grown in optimised media for 24 and 72 h. Spray-dried 72 h CPA-8 had the best survival (32%), while ...	2011	22187082
capillary and gel electromigration techniques and maldi-tof ms--suitable tools for identification of filamentous fungi.	microbial strains are now spreading out of their original geographical areas of incidence and previously adequate morphological identification methods often must be accompanied by a phenotypic characterization for the successful microbial identification. the fungal genus monilinia represents a suitable example. monilinia species represent important fruit pathogens responsible for major losses in fruit production. four closely related spp. of monilinia: monilinia laxa, monilinia fructigena, monil ...	2011	22284891