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poncimarin, a new coumarin from poncirus trifoliata l.a new coumarinic derivative (poncimarin; c19h22o5; m.p. 140 c degrees) was isolated from unripe fruits of poncircus trifoliata l. which from spectroscopic evidences was formulated as 7-(2,3-epoxy-3-methyl butyloxy)-8-(2,3-epoxy-3-methyl butyl) coumarin.2002126585
effects of herbs and drugs during pregnancy and lactation.prior to considering the effects of herbs and drugs during pregnancy and lactation, attention is directed to the relevance of herbal medicines to human patients. when a drug is taken orally, its absorption, biotransformation, and excretion will affect its blood level. it then makes its way to the capillaries surrounding the alveoli of the breast, and the drug must cross the endothelium of the capillaries into the alveolar cells of the breast and then be excreted into the lumen with the milk. ...1979262485
antiplatelet actions of some coumarin compounds isolated from plant sources.xanthyletin, xanthoxyletin, suberosin (all from citrus grandis), aurapten (from severinia huxifolia) and poncitrin (from poncirus trifoliata) were isolated and their chemical structures were characterized to be coumarin compounds. all these coumarin compounds except xanthyletin inhibited the aggregation and atp release of rabbit platelets induced by arachidonic acid, collagen, adp, platelet-activating factor (paf) or u46619 (a thromboxane a2 analog). thrombin-induced atp release, but not the agg ...19921523611
ponfolin: a new coumarin from trifoliate orange. 19863815612
furocoumarins from the seeds of citrus trifoliata l. 20094272177
coumarins form the seeds of poncirus trifoliata l. 20164277039
[studies on the chemical components of rutaceae plants. i. components of the root of poncirus trifoliata rafinesque (1)]. 19685750289
[studies on the chemical components of rutaceae plants. ii. components of the root of poncirus trifoliata rafinesque. 2]. 19685751319
[synthesis of poncirin, an isosakuranetin-7-beta-neohesperidoside from poncirus trifoliata raf]. 19695802852
an unusual group 2 lea gene family in citrus responsive to low temperature.six cdnas representing unique cold-induced sequences have been cloned from the hardy citrus relative poncirus trifoliata. among these, pbcorc115 and pbcorc119 were found to belong to the same gene family. sequencing data indicated that pbcorc115 and pbcorc119 each contained an open reading frame, coding for a 19.8 kda protein (cor19) and a smaller 11.4 kda protein (cor11) respectively. inspection of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed three large repeats in cor19, but only one was present ...19957579157
an evaluation of sequence tagged microsatellite site markers for genetic analysis within citrus and related species.microsatellites, also called sequence tagged microsatellite sites (stmss), have become important markers for genome analysis but are currently little studied in plants. to assess the value of stmss for analysis within the citrus plant species, two example stmss were isolated from an intergeneric cross between rangpur lime (citrus x limonia osbeck) and trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf.). unique flanking primers were constructed for polymerase chain reaction amplification both withi ...19957774802
interspecific somatic hybrid of ichang papeda with valencia orange.protoplasts from the leaf of ichang papeda (citrus ichangensis swingle) were fused with the protoplasts of embryogenic suspension culture of valencia orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) in vitro by polyethylene glycol (peg)-induced fusion. the regenerated embryoids were malformed and were transferred onto shoot induction medium. the shoots were then grafted on 15-day-old seedlings of trifoliate orange in vitro. chromosome counts of the young leaves showed that the parents were diploids, 2n = 2x = 18 ...19938199318
the persistence of engineered agrobacterium tumefaciens in agroinfected plants.several plant species, including tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), gynura aurantiaca, avocado (persea americana), and grapefruit (citrus paradisi) grafted on troyer citrange (poncirus trifoliata x c. sinensis) were "agro-infected" with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba-4404, carrying a mini-ti plasmid with a dimeric cdna of citrus exocortis viroid (cevd). extracts prepared from tissues of the agroinfected plants 38-90 days after inoculation were plated on selective media and found to contain ...19938274776
antianaphylactic activity of poncirus trifoliata fruit extract.the effect of an aqueous extract of poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf. (rutaceae) fruits (ptfe) on compound 48/80-induced mortality associated with anaphylaxis was studied in rats. ptfe inhibited compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis 100% with a dose of 1.6 mg/g body weight (bw) 1 h before or 5 min after injection of compound 48/80. ptfe inhibited compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis almost 100% with doses above 0.4 mg/g bw intraperitoneally administered. ptfe (1-1000 micrograms/ml) also dose-dependently ...19968953421
detection of cytosine methylation and mapping of a gene influencing cytosine methylation in the genome of citrus.a new method was developed to detect dna methylation in the citrus genome using random amplification coupled with restriction enzyme digestion. genomic dna from citrus grandis (l.) osb., poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf., and their f1 hybrid was amplified using 7 individual 10-mer random primers. prior to amplification the dna templates were digested with 2 pairs of restriction endonucleases (hpaii-mspi and (or) sau3ai-ndeii) with different sensitivities to cytosine methylation and after pcr amplifi ...19968984000
effects of poncirus trifoliata on type i hypersensitivity reaction.a study was carried out to examine the effect of an aqueous extract from immature fruit of poncirus trifoliata l. (rutaceae) (ptife) on the type i hypersensitivity reaction. forty-eight hour pca (passive cutaneous anaphylaxis) in rats was significantly inhibited by the oral administration of ptife (200 mg/kg). it also inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (rpmc) induced by mouse anti-dinitrophenyl (dnp)-ige and dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin (dnp-hsa). these results sugge ...19979166997
the chromosomes of citrus and poncirus species and hybrids: identification of characteristic chromosomes and physical mapping of rdna loci using in situ hybridization and fluorochrome banding.in situ hybridization of 18s-5.8s-25s rdna probes labeled with biotin or rhodamine and 5s rdna probes labeled with digoxigenin was used to locate rdna sites on root-tip metaphase chromosomes of citrus sinensis l. (2n = 2x = 18), poncirus trifoliata l. raf. (2n = 2x = 18), and citrus x poncirus hybrids (2n = 2x = 18). counterstaining with the fluorochromes chromomycin a3 and dapi uniquely identified many but not all chromosomes. c. sinensis had five 18s-25s rdna sites, p. trifoliata had seven, an ...20009487679
a high-resolution linkage map of the citrus tristeza virus resistance gene region in poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf.resistance to citrus tristeza virus (ctv) was evaluated in 554 progeny of 10 populations derived from poncirus trifoliata. a dominant gene (ctv) controlled ctv resistance in p. trifoliata. twenty-one dominant pcr-based dna markers were identified as linked to ctv by bulked segregant analysis. of the 11 closest markers to ctv, only 2 segregated in all populations. ten of these markers were cloned and sequenced, and codominant rflp markers were developed. seven rflp markers were then evaluated in ...19989755216
relationship between volatile components of citrus fruit essential oils and antimicrobial action on penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum.this study examined the effect of volatile components of citrus fruit essential oils on p. digitatum and p. italicum growth. the hydrodistilled essential oils of orange (citrus sinensis cvv. "washington navel", "sanguinello", "tarocco", "moro", "valencia late", and "ovale"), bitter (sour) orange (c. aurantium), mandarin (c. deliciosa cv. "avana"), grapefruit (c. paradisi cvv. "marsh seedless" and "red blush"), citrange (c. sinensis x poncirus trifoliata cvv. "carrizo" and "troyer"), and lemon (c ...19989761340
anti-helicobacter pylori activity of the metabolites of poncirin from poncirus trifoliata by human intestinal bacteria.poncirin was isolated from water extract of the fruits of poncirus trifoliata and metabolized by human intestinal bacteria. the inhibitory effect of poncirin and its metabolites by these bacteria on the growth of helicobacter pylori (hp) was investigated. among them, ponciretin (5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone), the main metabolite most potently inhibited the growth of hp, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of 10-20 microg/ml. however, poncirin and its metabolites except ponciretin ...199910328566
inhibition of immunoglobulin e production by poncirus trifoliata fruit extract.immunoglobulin e (ige) is the principal immunoglobulin involved in immediate hypersensitivities and chronic allergic diseases. the effect of an aqueous extract of poncirus trifoliata (l) raf. (rutaceae) fruits (ptfe) on in vivo and in vitro ige production was investigated. ptfe dose-dependently inhibited the active systemic anaphylaxis and serum ige production induced by immunization with ovalbumin, bordetella pertussis toxin and aluminum hydroxide gel. ptfe strongly inhibited interleukin 4 (il- ...199910473174
identification of sources of plant resistance to diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae) by three bioassays.host plant resistance to the root weevil diaprepes abbreviatus (l.) was assessed for 3 citrus rootstock cultivars, 5 promising hybrid rootstocks, and 3 citroid fruit trees using 3 bioassay methods: a pot bioassay with 1-yr seedlings; a new, 21-cm plastic cell bioassay with 5-mo seedlings; and a diet incorporation bioassay. the plastic cell bioassay is a more rapid screening method and is capable of evaluating a larger number of entries in a shorter period compared with current methods. the 3 bio ...199910504899
evaluation of auraptene content in citrus fruits and their products.auraptene quantities in tanaka's 77 citrus species (including 14 varieties and cultivars), 5 fortunella species, one poncirus species, 27 hybrids between citrus species, and 51 intergeneric hybrids between citrus and poncirus have been evaluated. the genus citrus has been divided into eight groups. auraptene is found in all of the species of cephalocitrus group, a part of the species of aurantium group, and most of the species of osmocitrus group. the citrus species contain a small amount of aur ...200010820092
larval growth of diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae) and resulting root injury to three citrus varieties in two soil types.larval growth and intraspecific competition of diaprepes abbreviatus (l.) larvae and consequent root injury in container-grown citrus in the greenhouse were evaluated. roots of carrizo citrange, citrus sinesis l. osbeck x poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf.; cleopatra mandarin, c. reticulata blanco, and swingle citrumelo, c. paradisi macf. x p. trifoliata (l.) raf. rootstock seedlings grown in candler fine sand and potting soil were colonized with different populations of d. abbreviatus larvae. larvae ...200010826189
characterization of the low affinity transport system for no(3)(-) uptake by citrus roots.three-month old citrange troyer (hybrid of citrus sinensis x poncirus trifoliata) seedlings were grown hydroponically and, after a period of no(3)(-) starvation, plants were transferred to solutions enriched with k(15)no(3) (96% atoms 15n excess) to measure 15no(3)(-) uptake rates as a function of external 15no(3)(-) concentrations. two different no(3)(-) uptake systems were found. between 1 and 50 mm 15no(3)(-) in the uptake solution medium, the uptake rate increased linearly due to the low aff ...200011164581
construction of a 1.2-mb contig including the citrus tristeza virus resistance gene locus using a bacterial artificial chromosome library of poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf.the citrus tristeza virus resistance gene (ctv) is a single dominant gene in poncirus trifoliata, a sexually compatible relative of citrus. to clone this gene, a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library has been constructed from an individual plant that was homozygous for ctv. this library contains 45,696 clones with an average insert size of 80 kb, corresponding to 9.6 genome equivalents. screening of the bac library with five chloroplast dna probes indicated that 0.58% of the bac clones c ...200111444697
fine genetic mapping and bac contig development for the citrus tristeza virus resistance gene locus in poncirus trifoliata (raf.).a map-based cloning strategy has been employed to isolate ctv, a single dominant gene from poncirus trifoliata that confers resistance to citrus tristeza virus (ctv), the most important viral pathogen of citrus. cloning of this gene will allow development of commercially acceptable, virus-resistant cultivars. a high-resolution genetic linkage map of the ctv locus region was developed using a backcross population of 678 individuals. three dna markers that were closely linked or co-segregated with ...200111459195
characterization and regulation of ammonium transport systems in citrus plants.we have investigated both the kinetics and regulation of 15nh4+ influx in roots of 3-month-old hydroponically grown citrus (citrus sinensis l. osbeck x poncirus trifoliata blanco) seedlings. the 15nh4+ influx is saturable below an external ammonium concentration of 1 mm, indicating the action of a high-affinity transport system (hats). the hats is under feedback repression by the n status of the plant, being down-regulated in plants adequately supplied with n during growth, and up-regulated by n ...200111762176
[inheritance of organelle genomes of the somatic hybrid between cleopatra mandarin (citrus reticulata) and flying dragon (poncirus trifoliata)].cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (caps) was successfully applied to analyze the organelle composition of three eight-year-old trees of the somatic hybrid between cleopatra mandarin (citrus reticulata) and flying dragon (poncirus trifoliata). five chloroplast and five mitochondrial universal primer pairs were used. all chloroplast primer pairs (rbcl-rbcl, rbcl-psa i, trnh-trnk, trnd-trnt, trnk-trnk) and three (nad 1 exon b-nad 1 exon c, 18s rrna-5s rrna, nad 4 exon 1-nad 4 exon 2) of the fi ...200211985273
identification of a grapefruit cdna belonging to a unique class of citrus dehydrins and characterization of its expression patterns under temperature stress conditions.citrus fruits are sensitive to low temperatures and this often results in the development of chilling injuries during postharvest storage. in order to gain more insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the acquisition of fruit chilling tolerance, we initiated a grapefruit (citrus paradisi, cv. marsh seedless) flavedo cdna sequencing project and used it to identify a cdna similar to other poncirus trifoliata and citrus unshiu dehydrin genes reported to be responsive to low temperatures. ...200212121466
inheritance of organelle dna sequences in a citrus-poncirus intergeneric cross.many land plants deviate from the maternal pattern of organelle inheritance. in this study, heterologous mitochondrial and chloroplast probes were used to investigate the inheritance of organelle genomes in the progeny of an intergeneric cross. the seed parent was lb 1-18 (a hybrid of citrus reticulata blanco cv. clementine x c. paradisi macf. cv. duncan) and the pollen parent was the cross-compatible species poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf. all 26 progeny examined exhibited maternal inheritance of ...200212195032
[studies on chinese drugs zhiqiao and zhishi origin investigation and merchandise identification].to sort out the main original plants of chinese drugs zhiqiao and zhishi.199912205880
[factors affecting agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf].establishing an effective system for the agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of poncirus trifoliata, so as to lay a foundation for improving breeds and introducing foreign genes.199912242794
is there meaningful plant resistance to diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae) in citrus rootstock germplasm?host plant resistance to the diaprepes root weevil, diaprepes abbreviatus (l.) was assessed for seedlings of 54 poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf. selections and two families of progeny from crosses between citrus and p. trifoliata. weight gain was consistently lower when larvae were reared in pots containing the progeny of citrus reticulata blanco 'sunki' x p. trifoliata 'flying dragon' compared with larvae reared on progeny of 'pearl' (c. reticulata x c. paradisi macf.) x 'flying dragon'. this is t ...200212403435
effects of rootstock on the composition of bergamot (citrus bergamia risso et poiteau) essential oil.this paper reports the composition of bergamot oils obtained from plants grafted on the following rootstocks: sour orange, carrizo citrange, trifoliate orange, alemow, volkamerian lemon, and troyer citrange. the aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using rootstocks other than sour orange, checking their effect on the composition of the essential oil. results are reported for analysis of 203 bergamot oils during the years 1997-1998, 1998-1999, and 1999-2000. the oils were analyzed ...200312502409
[plant regeneration from agobacterium-mediated ctv-cp gene transformation of poncirus trifoliata raf].to lay a foundation for the resistant breeding, the anti-virus ctv-cp gene was transformed into the epicotyles mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens in poncirus trifoliata.200112525114
chloride absorption in salt-sensitive carrizo citrange and salt-tolerant cleopatra mandarin citrus rootstocks is linked to water use.in this work, seedlings of two citrus rootstocks, the salt-tolerant cleopatra mandarin (citrus reshni hort. ex tan.) and the salt-sensitive carrizo citrange (citrus sinensis [l.] osb. x poncirus trifoliata [l.] raf.) were used to study the relationship between chloride and water uptake. the results indicated that net chloride uptake rates in both genotypes were alike and decreased linearly with the time of salinity exposure, although they were more rapidly reduced in the tolerant genotype. in ea ...200312554725
the in vitro inhibitory effects of crude extracts of traditional chinese herbs on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase on vero cells.cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of death in western countries. epidemiological studies have shown that hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. clinical trials of lipid lowering therapy with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a (hmg co-a) reductase inhibitor have been shown to decrease coronary events and mortality. flavonoids are polyphenolic natural antioxidants occurring in natural products such as traditional chinese herbs, fruits and bevera ...200212568290
sequence analysis of a 282-kilobase region surrounding the citrus tristeza virus resistance gene (ctv) locus in poncirus trifoliata l. raf.citrus tristeza virus (ctv) is the major virus pathogen causing significant economic damage to citrus worldwide, and a single dominant gene, ctv, provides broad spectrum resistance to ctv in poncirus trifoliata l. raf. ctv was physically mapped to a 282-kb region using a p. trifoliata bacterial artificial chromosome library. this region was completely sequenced to about 8x coverage using a shotgun sequencing strategy and primer walking for gap closure. sequence analysis predicts 22 putative gene ...200312586873
comparison between poncirus and citrus genetic linkage maps.five genetic linkage maps were constructed for the parents of three progenies: citrus aurantium (a) x poncirus trifoliata var. flying dragon (pa), c. volkameriana (v) x p. trifoliata var. rubidoux (pv) and a self-pollination of p. trifoliata var. flying dragon (pp). the number of polymorphic markers assayed ranged from 48 for pa to 120 for a according to the heterozygosity of each parental. as our focus was on genome comparison, most of the markers were newly generated simple sequence repeats. i ...200312647056
an in vitro system combined with an in-house quantitation assay for screening hepatitis c virus inhibitors.hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is a serious global health problem. interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) and ribavirin have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of hcv infection; however, these therapies display many side effects. to screen the anti-hcv compounds from plants, we established an in vitro model for inoculation of hcv by centrifugation-facilitated method. the hcv rna molecules were then quantitated by nested competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (crt-pcr) using flu ...200312767467
interaction between warfarin and the herbal product quilinggao.to describe a patient with loss of anticoagulation control and bleeding after consumption of the combination herbal product quilinggao.200312773074
phylogenetic relationships among citrus and its relatives as revealed by ssr markers.phylogenetic relationships among 29 accessions belonging to citrus, poncirus, fortunella, microcitrus, eremocitrus, atlantia and severinia were investigated using ssr markers. seven ssr primers generated 114 polymorphic alleles, with an average of 16.3 alleles per primer. cluster analysis via neighbour-joining method showed that microcitrus was close to citrus; poncirus was distant from citrus, which suggested that poncirus could not be derived from citrus. high frequency of the homozygous ssr l ...200312812081
effects of baicalein, berberine, curcumin and hesperidin on mucin release from airway goblet cells.baicalein, berberine, curcumin and hesperidin are the major components derived from scutellaria baicalensis, coptis japonica, curcuma longa and poncirus trifoliata, respectively. these plants have been used for the treatment of diverse chronic inflammatory diseases including respiratory disease in oriental medicine and their respective major components were reported to have various biological effects including anti-inflammatory activity. in the present study, we investigated whether these four n ...200312865970
identification and genomic distribution of gypsy like retrotransposons in citrus and poncirus.transposable elements might be importantly involved in citrus genetic instability and genome evolution. the presence of gypsy like retrotransposons, their heterogeneity and genomic distribution in citrus and poncirus, have been investigated. eight clones containing part of the pol coding region of gypsy like retrotransposons have been isolated from a commercial variety of citrus clementina, one of the few sexual species in citrus. four of the eight clones might correspond to active elements give ...200312937896
[poncirus trifoliata and citrus meyeri--new sources of limonin]. 196414232475
[essential oils from the rind of the fruit of citrus trifoliata l]. 196114488435
regulation of gibberellin 20-oxidase gene expression and gibberellin content in citrus by temperature and citrus exocortis viroid.a cdna clone coding for a gibberellin (ga) 20-oxidase ( ccga20ox1), an enzyme of ga biosynthesis, which when expressed in vitro catalyzed the conversion of ga(12) to ga(9) and of ga(53) to ga(20), was isolated from the citrus hybrid carrizo citrange (c itrus sinensis x poncirus trifoliata). transcripts of ccga20ox1 were abundant in the apex and leaves and much less abundant in internodes, nodes and roots. seedlings of carrizo citrange cultured under a 32 degrees c/27 degrees c (day/night) regime ...200314520571
effect of benzyladenine on recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips of grapevine and citrus cultured in vitro.the effect of n6-benzyladenine (ba) on the recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips of the ln33 hybrid (vitis l.) and troyer citrange [poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf. x citrus sinensis [l.] osbeck.] cultured in vitro was examined. for the ln33 hybrid, the presence of ba in the recovery medium was essential for survival of control and cryopreserved shoot tips, although the ba concentration did not influence the survival percentage. ba at 5, 2, and 5 microm or higher induced callus formation in control, ...201614566389
qtl analysis of citrus tristeza virus-citradia interaction.citrus tristeza virus (ctv) has caused the death of millions of trees grafted on sour orange ( citrus aurantium). however, this rootstock is very well adapted to the mediterranean, semi-arid conditions. the aim of the present research is to genetically analyze the accumulation of ctv in a progeny derived from the cross between c. aurantium and poncirus trifoliata, both resistant to ctv isolate t-346. graft propagation of 104 hybrids was done on healthy sweet orange as a rootstock. three months l ...200414614564
expressed sequence enrichment for candidate gene analysis of citrus tristeza virus resistance.several studies have reported markers linked to a putative resistance gene from poncirus trifoliata ( ctv-r) located at linkage group 4 that confers resistance against one of the most important citrus pathogens, citrus tristeza virus (ctv). to be successful in both marker-assisted selection and transformation experiments, its accurate mapping is needed. several factors may affect its localization, among them two are considered here: the definition of resistance and the genetic background of prog ...200414624336
the dwarfing mechanism of citrus rootstocks f&a 418 and #23 is related to competition between vegetative and reproductive growth.the annual development of navelina (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) trees budded on three hybrid citrus rootstocks was studied. two rootstocks, named #23 and #24, were obtained from the cross of troyer citrange (c. sinensis x poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf.) x cleopatra mandarin (c. reshni hort. ex tan.). the third rootstock, named f&a 418, came from a cross of troyer citrange x common mandarin (c. deliciosa ten.). rootstocks #23 and f&a 418 are dwarfing rootstocks and reduce the size of the scion by ...200414676038
effects of 15n application frequency on nitrogen uptake efficiency in citrus trees.two irrigation systems were used to compare nitrogen uptake efficiency in citrus trees and to evaluate the no3- runoff in "navelina" orange trees [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] on carrizo citrange rootstock (citrus sinensis x poncirus trifoliata raf.). these were fertilized with 125 g n as labelled k15no3 and grown outdoors in containers filled with a sand-loamy soil. two groups of 3 trees received this n dose either in five equally split applications by a flooding irrigation system or in 66 appl ...200314717433
poncirus trifoliata fruit induces apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia cells.substances inducing apoptosis have shown efficacy in the treatment of cancers. poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf. (rutaceae) fruits (ptf) has been used for the treatment of various cancers among korean oriental medical doctors.200414734210
[effect of the wilding poncirus trifoliata on certain physiological properties of citrus grandis. osb]. 195114793437
offsetting effects of reduced root hydraulic conductivity and osmotic adjustment following drought.root hydraulic conductivity (l(p)) and leaf osmotic potential at full turgor (psi(pi,o)) were measured in young, drought-stressed and nonstressed peach (prunus persica (l.) batsch), olive (olea europaea l.), citrumelo (poncirus trifoliata raf. x citrus paradisi macf.) and pistachio (pistachia integerrima l.). drought stress caused a 2.5- to 4.2-fold reduction in l(p), depending on species, but psi(pi,o) was reduced only in citrumelo and olive leaves by 0.34 and 1.4 mpa, respectively. no differen ...199514965946
cloning and sequence analysis of a low temperature-induced gene from trifoliate orange with unusual pre-mrna processing.exposure of cold-hardy rubidoux trifoliate orange [poncirus trifoliata (l) raf.] plants to temperatures from 28 degrees c to -5 degrees c enabled us to isolate and characterize a novel citrus low-temperature gene (clt) with two transcripts, called clta and cltb, from leaves and stems. clta was produced when plants were subjected to low temperatures (starting at 10 degrees c), while cltb was constitutively expressed. both clta and cltb have the same open reading frame (orf) of 165 nucleotides and ...200415138696
effects of betaine, coumarin and flavonoids on mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial cells.betaine, coumarin, hesperidin and kaempferol are the components derived from lycium chinense, angelicae decursiva, poncirus trifoliata and polygonatum odoratum, respectively. these plants have been used for the treatment of respiratory diseases in oriental medicine and their respective components were reported to have various biological effects. in this study, we investigated whether these natural products affect mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial cells and compared ...200415162365
non-equilibrium cooling of poncirus trifoliata (l.) embryonic axes at various water contents.the present study investigated the rate of temperature change within axes of poncirus trifoliata during cooling and warming by various methods. cooling rates ranged between 0.17 and 170 degree (c per second, and warming rates of 1.25 and 600 degree c per second were measured when axes were warmed at room temperature or in water at 40 degree c, respectively. partial drying increased the cooling rate within axes in direct contact with the cryogen, but did not affect the cooling or warming rates wi ...201315216393
the influence of water content, cooling and warming rate upon survival of embryonic axes of poncirus trifoliata (l.).the present study investigated the relative contributions of water content and non-equilibrium cooling and warming rates to the survival of cryopreserved axes of recalcitrant p. trifoliata seeds. reducing water contents from 1.7 and 0.26 g water per g dry mass is believed to increase cytoplasmic viscosity. cooling to -196 degree c was done at rates averaging between 0.17 and 1300 degree c per second, and warming at 600 or 1.35 degree c per second. survival was assessed after 4 weeks in vitro. ra ...201315216394
nitrate improves growth in salt-stressed citrus seedlings through effects on photosynthetic activity and chloride accumulation.we analyzed the effects of nitrate availability on growth of navelina (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) scions grafted on three citrus rootstocks differing in salt tolerance: carrizo citrange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck x poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf.), citrus macrophylla wester and cleopatra mandarin (citrus reshni hort. ex tanaka). salt stress reduced total plant biomass by 27-38%, whereas potassium nitrate supplementation partially counteracted this effect by increasing dry matter and new leaf a ...200415234900
introduction of a citrus blight-associated gene into carrizo citrange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbc. x poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf.] by agrobacterium-mediated transformation.the protein p12 accumulates in leaves of trees with citrus blight (cb), a serious decline of unknown cause. the function of p12 is not known, but sequence analysis indicates it may be related to expansins. in studies to determine the function of p12, sense and antisense constructs were used to make transgenic carrizo citrange using an agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. homogeneous beta-glucuronidase+ (gus+) sense and antisense transgenic shoots were regenerated using kanamycin as a se ...200415248084
gish, aflp and pcr-rflp analysis of an intergeneric somatic hybrid combining goutou sour orange and poncirus trifoliata.intergeneric somatic hybrids combining goutou sour orange (citrus aurantium l.) with trifoliate orange poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf] were produced by electrofusion and their genetic inheritance analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp), genomic in situ hybridization (gish), and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp). sixteen mini-calluses were obtained after 20 days of culture; they all developed into embryoids on eme500 medium. following several subcultures on s ...200415252694
a novel repetitive dna sequence in lemon [citrus limon (l.) burm.] and related species bruna.repetitive dna sequences constitute a significant component of most eukaryotic genomes, and the isolation and characterization of such sequences provide an insight into the organization of the genome of interest. here, we report the isolation and molecular characterization of a novel repetitive dna sequence from the genome of citrus limon. digestion of c. limon dna with mboi produced a prominent fragment of approximately 600 bp. southern blotting revealed a ladder composed of dna fragments that ...200415306722
cold acclimation induced genes of trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata).commercial citrus varieties are sensitive to low temperature. poncirus trifoliata is a close relative of citrus species and has been widely used as a cold-hardy rootstock for citrus production in low-temperature environments. mrna differential display-reverse transcription (ddrt)-pcr and quantitative relative-rt-pcr were used to study gene expression of p. trifoliata under a gradual cold-acclimation temperature regime. eight up-regulated cdna fragments were isolated and sequenced. these fragment ...200515449021
[effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth and osmotic adjustment matter content of trifoliate orange seedling under water stress].the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi glomus mosseae on plant growth and osmotic adjustment matter content of trifoliate orange [poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf.] seedlings under water stress were studied in potted culture. the results showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation could increase plant growth, such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and plant dry weight, when the water content of soil was 20%, 16% and 12%. arbuscular mycorrhizal ...200415627714
passive cutaneous anaphylaxis-inhibitory activity of flavanones from citrus unshiu and poncirus trifoliata.this study examined the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis-inhibitory activity of the flavanones isolated from the pericarp of citrus unshiu (family rutaceae) and the fruit of poncirus trifoliata (family rutaceae). naringenin, hesperetin and ponciretin potently inhibited ige-induced beta-hexosaminidase release from rbl-2h3 cells and the pca reaction. among the flavanones examined, naringenin was the most potent with an ic50 value for beta-hexosaminidase release from rbl-2h3 cells of 0.029 mm. intrape ...200515678369
genetic analysis of citrus leafminer susceptibility.damage caused by the citrus leafminer (clm), phyllocnistis citrella, is highly dependent on the citrus flushing pattern. chemical control is only required in young trees, both in nurseries and in newly established orchards. however, this situation is completely different in countries where the causal agent of citrus canker, the bacterium xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri exists. clm infestation results in a higher incidence of citrus canker infection. among preventive control strategies that prov ...200515834698
viral-like symptoms induced by the ectopic expression of the p23 gene of citrus tristeza virus are citrus specific and do not correlate with the pathogenicity of the virus strain.ectopic expression of the p23 gene from a severe (t36) strain of citrus tristeza virus (ctv) induces viral-like symptoms in mexican lime. here, we report that expressing the same gene from a mild strain induced similar symptoms that correlated with accumulation of p23 protein irrespective of the source strain. ctv inoculation of transgenic limes showing ctv-like leaf symptoms and high p23 accumulation did not modify symptoms initially, with the virus titer being as in inoculated nontransgenic co ...200515915642
[effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza on drought tolerance of poncirus trifoliata].this paper evaluated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on the growth and drought tolerance of poncirus trifoliata in a potted culture under natural water stress and resuming water supply. the results showed that the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization by glomus mosseae 93 could significantly increase the plant height, stem diameter, and fresh weight of myocrrhizal plant. by the end of the experiment, the survival percentage of transplanted mycorrhizal plant was 7.1% higher than ...200515943357
[effects of am fungi on drought tolerance of citrus grafting seedling trifoliate orange/cara cara].with pot experiment in a greenhouse, this paper studied the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi glomus mosseae on the drought tolerance of citrus grafting seedling trifoliate orange/cara cara under natural water stress and rewatering. the results showed that inoculation with am fungi significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and shoot length of test seedling. at the 4th day of rewatering, mycorrhizal plant had significantly higher root soluble protein content a ...200516110660
identification of cold acclimated genes in leaves of citrus unshiu by mrna differential display.citrus unshiu is freeze tolerant to -10 degrees c when fully acclimated after exposure to cold, nonfreezing temperatures. to gain an understanding of its cold tolerance mechanism, mrna differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (ddrt-pcr) and quantitative relative rt-pcr were used to study gene expression under a gradual cold-acclimation temperature regime. six up-regulated and two down regulated genes were identified based on their amino acid sequences. the identified ...200516125877
expression analysis of a cold responsive transcript from trifoliate orange by real-time pcr and rt-pcr.clta and cltb are two transcripts produced by the citrus clt gene. cltb is constitutively expressed, while clta is a low temperature responsive transcript expressed in temperatures below 10 degrees c during the acclimation process of some species of citrus. real-time pcr was used to study clta expression pattern in trifoliate orange during acclimation, gradual deacclimation and abrupt deacclimation. a standard curve of nine dilution series from 10 x 10(6) to 10 x 10(-3) fg was constructed, using ...200516151814
effect of an aqueous extract of dried immature fruit of poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf. on intestinal transit in rodents with experimental gastrointestinal motility dysfunctions.the effect of an aqueous extract of the dried immature fruit of poncirus trifoliata raf. (rutaceae) (pf-w) on gastrointestinal (gi) motor function was investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rate (itr) of evans blue in rats and mice with experimental gi motility dysfunctions (gmds). gmd was induced by appropriate surgery or by the administration of acetic acid, atropine, l-dopa, or morphine to the animals. the itr in these gmd animals was significantly retarded compared to normal animal ...200516169174
prokinetic activity of an aqueous extract from dried immature fruit of poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf.aqueous extracts from dried immature fruit of poncirus trifoliata raf. (rutaceae) (pf-w) are used as a traditional korean folk medicine for the treatment of digestive dysfunction. in the present study, pf-w exhibited no significant toxicity even at a dose of 5 g/kg when orally administered to mice. the effect of pf-w on gastrointestinal (gi) motor function was investigated by examining its effect on the serum concentration of orally administered ranitidine, a putative indicator of gi motility, i ...200516191468
ectopic expression of an ft homolog from citrus confers an early flowering phenotype on trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata l. raf.).citrus ft (cift) cdna, which promoted the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase in arabidopsis thaliana, when constitutively expressed was introduced into trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata l. raf.). the transgenic plants in which cift was expressed constitutively showed early flowering, fruiting, and characteristic morphological changes. they started to flower as early as 12 weeks after transfer to a greenhouse, whereas wild-type plants usually have a long juvenile period ...200516245161
identification of qtls associated with citrus resistance to phytophthora gummosis.citrus gummosis, caused by phytophthora spp., is an important citrus disease in brazil. almost all citrus rootstock varieties are susceptible to it to some degree, whereas resistance is present in poncirus trifoliata, a closely related species. the objective of this study was to detect qtls linked to citrus phytophthora gummosis resistance. eighty individuals of the f1 progeny, obtained by controlled crosses between sunki mandarin citrus sunki (susceptible) and poncirus trifoliata cv. rubidoux ( ...200616424605
fatty acid methyl ester profiles for characterization of glomalean fungi and their endomycorrhizae.arbuscule-forming fungi in the order glomales form obligate endomycorrhizal associations with plants that make them difficult to quantify, and taxonomy of the group is only beginning to be objectively understood. fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles were analyzed to assess the diversity and quantity of fatty acids in 53 isolates of 24 glomalean species. spores and endomycorrhizal roots of sudan grass (sorghum sudanense) and the citrus rootstock carrizo citrange (poncirus trifoliata x citrus s ...199516534923
anti-inflammatory effect of poncirus trifoliata fruit through inhibition of nf-kappab activation in mast cells.mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation is involved in many diseases such as asthma, sinusitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. mast cells induce synthesis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and interleukin (il)-6 with immune regulatory properties. we investigated the effect of the fruits of poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf (rutaceae) (fpt) on expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by activated human mast cell line, hmc-1. fpt dose dependently decre ...200616574371
analysis of microsatellites in citrus unigenes.simple sequence repeats (ssrs) were investigated in the unigene sequences from expressed sequence tags (est) of sweet orange (citrus sinensis osbeck), trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata raf.) and other citrus species and cultivars. a total of 37 802 citrus unigene sequences corresponding to 23.29 mb were searched, resulting in the identification of 8,218 ssrs. among them there were 4,913 (59.8%) mono-, 1,419 (17.3%) di-, 1,709 (20.8%) tri-, 114 (1.39%) tetra-, 23 (0.28%) penta- and 40 (0.49% ...200616625833
photosynthate partitioning in split-root citrus seedlings with mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal root systems.photosynthate partitioning was examined in seedings of sour orange (citrus aurantium l.) and carrizo citrange (poncirus trifoliata [l.] raf. x c. sinensis [l.] osbeck) grown with split root systems inoculated on one side with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (glomus intraradices schenck and smith). source-sink relations were studied without mitigating differences in mineral content or physiological age that can occur in separate plant comparisons, because phosphorus was evenly distributed ...198416663589
de novo arginine biosynthesis in leaves of phosphorus-deficient citrus and poncirus species.young, fully expanded leaves from 7-month-old p-deficient citrus rootstock seedlings had levels of nonprotein arginine that were 10- to 50-fold greater than those from p-sufficient control plants. arginine content of the protein fraction increased 2- to 4-fold in p-deficient leaves. total arginine content, which averaged 72 +/- 6 micromoles per gram dry weight of p-sufficient leaf tissue (mean +/- se, n = the four rootstocks) was 207, 308, 241, and 178 micromoles in p-deficient leaves from citru ...198416663918
carbon cost of the fungal symbiont relative to net leaf p accumulation in a split-root va mycorrhizal symbiosis.translocation of (14)c-photosynthates to mycorrhizal (+ +), half mycorrhizal (0+), and nonmycorrhizal (00) split-root systems was compared to p accumulation in leaves of the host plant. carrizo citrange seedlings (poncirus trifoliata [l.] raf. x citrus sinensis [l.] osbeck) were inoculated with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices schenck and smith. plants were exposed to (14) co(2) for 10 minutes and ambient air for 2 hours. three to 4% of recently labeled photosyntha ...198816665934
potent protective effect of isoimperatorin against aflatoxin b1-inducible cytotoxicity in h4iie cells: bifunctional effects on glutathione s-transferase and cyp1a.typically chemopreventive agents either induce phase ii detoxifying enzymes or inhibit the cytochrome p450 enzymes (cyps) that are required for the metabolism of carcinogens. in this study, we isolated a coumarin compound, isoimperatorin from poncirus trifoliata raf., and studied its protective effects against aflatoxin b1 (afb1)-induced cytotoxicity in h4iie cells. isoimperatorin (>0.3 microm) significantly inhibited the cytotoxic effect of afb1. cdnb [1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene; glutathine s- ...200616829687
refinement of the citrus tristeza virus resistance gene (ctv) positional map in poncirus trifoliata and generation of transgenic grapefruit (citrus paradisi) plant lines with candidate resistance genes in this region.citrus tristeza virus (ctv) is a major pathogen of citrus. a single dominant gene ctv present in the trifoliate relative of citrus, poncirus trifoliata confers broad spectrum resistance against ctv. refinement of genetic maps has delimited this gene to a 121 kb region, comprising of ten candidate ctv resistance genes. the ten candidate genes were individually cloned in agrobacterium based binary vector and transformed into three ctv susceptible grapefruit varieties. two of the candidate r-genes, ...200616830176
[arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal growth on citrus roots and its correlations with soil available phosphorus content and phosphatase activity].in 2004, a field investigation was made on the mycorrhizal infection rate, spore density, soil available phosphorus content, and soil phosphatase activity in the guoqing no. 1 (citrus unshiu )/trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata) and guoqing no. 4 (c. unshiu)/trifoliate orange (p. trifoliata) plantations, aimed to approach the correlations between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal growth on citrus roots and the available phosphorus content and phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil. the res ...200616836102
characterization of a novel satellite dna sequence from flying dragon (poncirus trifoliata).repetitive sequences constitute a significant component of most eukaryotic genomes, and the isolation and characterization of repetitive dna sequences provide an insight into the organization of the genome of interest. here, we report the isolation and the molecular analysis and methylation status of a novel tandemly organized repetitive dna sequence from the genome of poncirus trifoliata. digestion of p. trifoliata dna with afa i produced a prominent fragment of approximately 400 bp. southern b ...200616850212
a simple chromosomal marker can reliably distinguishes poncirus from citrus species.several chromosome types have been recognized in citrus and related genera by chromomycin a(3 )(cma) banding patterns and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). they can be used to characterize cultivars and species or as markers in hybridization and backcrossing experiments. in the present work, characterization of six cultivars of p. trifoliata ("barnes", "fawcett", "flying dragon", "pomeroy", "rubidoux", "usda") and one p. trifoliata x c. limonia hybrid was performed by sequential analyses ...200716897447
identification and expression analysis of cold-regulated genes from the cold-hardy citrus relative poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf.citrus is a cold-sensitive genus and most commercially important varieties of citrus are susceptible to freezes. on the other hand, poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf. is an interfertile citrus relative that can tolerate temperatures as low as -26 degrees c when fully cold acclimated. therefore, it has been used for improving cold tolerance in cold-sensitive commercial citrus rootstock varieties and in attempts to improve scion varieties. in this study, cdna libraries were constructed from both 2-day ...200616900323
efficient production of transgenic citrus plants using isopentenyl transferase positive selection and removal of the marker gene by site-specific recombination.the presence of marker genes conferring antibiotic resistance in transgenic plants represents a serious obstacle for their public acceptance and future commercialization. in citrus, selection using the selectable marker gene nptii, that confers resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin, is in general very effective. an attractive alternative is offered by the mat system (multi-auto-transformation), which combines the ipt gene for positive selection with the recombinase system r/rs for removal of ma ...200716927091
screening of potential chemopreventive compounds from poncirus trifoliata raf.chemopreventive agents induce a battery of genes whose protein products can protect cells from chemical-induced carcinogenesis. in this study, we isolated three different coumarins compounds (1; poncimarin, 2; heraclenol 3'-methyl ester and 3; oxypeucedanin methanolate) from poncirus trifoliata raf., and studied whether these compounds increase glutathione s-transferase (gst) expression and activity in the h4iie cell-line (a rat hepatocyte cell line). cdnb (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene; gst subty ...200617020159
reactive oxygen metabolism in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal citrus (poncirus trifoliata) seedlings subjected to water stress.the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus, glomus versiforme, on growth and reactive oxygen metabolism of trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata) seedlings was studied in potted plants under well-watered (ww) and water stressed (ws) conditions. water stress significantly decreased root colonization. shoot dry weight, plant height and stem diameter were higher in am than in non-am seedlings regardless of the water status. inoculation with g. versiforme increased root dry weight and lea ...200617032615
cloning and molecular characterization of a ring zinc-finger gene of hevea brasiliensis.using the information about the sequence from a differentially expressed clone (designated as hbssh10) encodes a protein specifying a cysteine-rich sequence containing a putative "ring finger" or "c3hc4" consensus motif that was cloned recently by the subtractive hybridization between latex and leaves from rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis). a full-length cdna encoding c3hc4 type zinc-finger protein was isolated and characterized from rubber tree. sequence analysis revealed that the orfs of hbrzf ...200617167198
analysis of 13000 unique citrus clusters associated with fruit quality, production and salinity tolerance.improvement of citrus, the most economically important fruit crop in the world, is extremely slow and inherently costly because of the long-term nature of tree breeding and an unusual combination of reproductive characteristics. aside from disease resistance, major commercial traits in citrus are improved fruit quality, higher yield and tolerance to environmental stresses, especially salinity.200717254327
molecular characterization of cevd strains that induce different phenotypes in gynura aurantiaca: structure-pathogenicity relationships.two citrus exocortis viroid isolates (cevd-s and cevd-129) that induce severe and mild symptoms in gynura aurantiaca, respectively, have been characterized. they present nucleotide sequences in the pathogenicity motifs p(l), c and p(r) similar to those of "class a" and "class b". infectivity and symptom expression in g. aurantica and tomato were evaluated with a selection of sequence variants recovered from both isolates. as expected, the two variants selected from cevd-s induced severe symptoms ...200717393070
differential display analysis of gene expression in etrog citron leaves infected by citrus viroid iii.citrus are natural hosts of several viroids, which are plant pathogens composed exclusively of a non-protein-coding, small single-stranded circular rna that is able to replicate autonomously in susceptible hosts. they are responsible for symptoms such as stunting, leaf epinasty, and chlorosis. citrus viroid iii (cvd-iii) has been long regarded as a possible dwarfing agent of citrus grafted on trifoliate orange and its hybrids. to investigate molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis, the mes ...200717475349
volatile organic sulfur-containing constituents in poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf. (rutaceae).during our screening of plant materials to find new natural fragrance and flavor ingredients, we discovered two series of 3-sulfanylalkyl alkanoates in a peel extract of fruits of wild-growing poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf. (rutaceae), a species closely related to citrus. the two series belong to alkanoates of 3-methyl-3-sulfanylbutan-1-ol and 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol, respectively, and thus are members of a family of natural molecules having in common a 1,3-positioned o,s moiety. the alkanoate resid ...200717488024
inhibition of colon cancer cell growth and antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds from poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf.recently several plant derived natural compounds have been screened for their anticancer activity in order to identify putative compounds with novel structures or mechanism of action. in the present study, fruits of poncirus trifoliata were extracted with acetone and loaded onto silica gel column chromatography. the column was eluted with different solvents to obtain two bioactive compounds. the purity of compounds was analyzed by hplc and their structures were identified by 1h and 13c nmr exper ...200717512744
leaf water relations and net gas exchange responses of salinized carrizo citrange seedlings during drought stress and recovery.since salinity and drought stress can occur together, an assessment was made of their interacting effects on leaf water relations, osmotic adjustment and net gas exchange in seedlings of the relatively chloride-sensitive carrizo citrange, citrus sinensis x poncirus trifoliata.200717575285
anti-inflammatory activity of 21(alpha, beta)-methylmelianodiols, novel compounds from poncirus trifoliata rafinesque.the fruits of poncirus trifoliata (l.) are widely used in oriental medicine as a remedy for allergic inflammation. as a part of our program to screen medicinal plants for potential anti-inflammatory compounds, 21alpha-methylmelianodiol (21alpha-mmd) and 21beta-methylmelianodiol (21beta-mmd), which are two isomers of 21-methylmelianodiol isolated from the fruits of p. trifoliata for the first time, were found to inhibit nitric oxide (no) production in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated raw 264.7 ...200717662711
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