Publications

muscle spindle supply to the masticatory muscles in the japane ermine (carnivora).	histological examination of the jaw muscles of the japanese ermine showed that 4 jaw-closing muscles have 13 muscle spindles on one side of the face. the temporal muscle has 99 muscle spindles, 68 being in the anterior vertical and 31 in the posterior horizontal belly. the masseter muscle has 33 muscle spindles, 23 being in the profound and 10 in the superficial belly. the medial pterygoid muscle has 7 muscle spindles and the zygomaticomandibular muscle contains 4 muscle spindles. the lateral pt ...	1979	160761
powassan virus in ixodes cookei and mustelidae in new england.	powassan virus was recovered from a pool of 3 nymphal and 1 adult female ixodes cookei removed from a striped skunk (mephitis mephitis) trapped in massachusetts during 1967 and from a pool of 9 nymphal i. cookei from a long-tailed weasel (mustela frenata) captured in connecticut during 1978. virus was detected in the blood of both mammals. hemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibody to powassan virus was demonstrated in 16.0% of the skunks sampled in connecticut, and neutralizing antibody was dete ...	1979	230364
agonistic behaviour and dominance in stoats (mustela erminea l.).	behavioural mechanisms underlying distribution in a stoat (mustela erminea) population were examined experimentally in an enclosure simulating natural habitats with living prey. agonistic behaviours, displayed by individual stoats of different sex and age while being tested in pairs in various combinations were recorded. dominance relationships between different categories of stoats (femalefemale, adult and juvenile male male) were examined, as was social dominance between individual stoats of t ...	1977	563152
[pathogenicity of the shigella isolated from wild and game animals of the far north of the ussr].	experiments were conducted on guinea pigs. a study was made of the pathogenicity of brucellae culture isolated from various wild and game animals of the extreme north of the ussr (wolf, polar fox, ermine, glutton). the majority of the cultures under study proved to be highly pathogenic. observations carried out led to the conclusion that brucella cultures circulating between the wild and domestic reindeers and migrating to other species of animals presented definite danger to the health of man.	1978	665050
[observations of fleas of small mammals at the gran paradiso national park (italian occidental alps)].	the siphonaptera of small mammals (nearly 200 rodents, insectivora and mustelids) of the parco nazionale del gran paradiso (western italian alps) have been collected and studied during the years 1973-75. all the animals have been captured at altitudes ranging from 1570 to 2400 m during different seasons. twelve genera and sixteen species have been identified, namely: chaetopsylla (c.) homoea homoea from mustela erminea; hystrichopsylla (h.) talpae talpae from clethrionomys glareolus; rhadinopsyl ...	1975	1233394
field immobilization of american martens (martes americana) and short-tailed weasels (mustela erminea).	ketamine hydrochloride (kh) and a 5:1 combination of kh and xylazine hydrochloride (xh) were used successfully to immobilize short-tailed weasels (mustela erminea) and american martens (martes americana), respectively. four adult male martens were intramuscularly injected with 30 to 82 mg/kg kh and 8.0 to 16.4 mg/kg xh. three adult male short-tailed weasels were intramuscularly injected with 20.8 to 42.1 mg/kg kh. mean (+/- se) induction times for martens and short-tailed weasels were 1.8 +/- 0. ...	1992	1474670
[importance of the wild boar in the epidemiology of wild trichinellosis in piedmont and liguria].	muscle samples from 1,508 wild boars (sus scrofa) harvested in piedmont and liguria between 1987 and 1990 were examined for larvae of trichinella sp. by trichinelloscopy and peptic digestion. no wild boar was infected, though trichinellosis was present in foxes (vulpes vulpes) from the same areas (14 positives out of 608) with the highest prevalence in the mountain range (25.0%). infection was also not found in 40 stone martens, 5 badgers and 3 stoats. five vulpine isolates were identified as be ...	1990	2132444
helminth parasitism in martens (martes americana) and ermines (mustela erminea) from washington, with comments on the distribution of trichinella spiralis.	helminths are reported for the first time from ermines (mustela erminea) and martens (martes americana) in washington (usa). among 22 adult ermines, 41% were infected by one or more of five species (taenia mustelae, alaria mustelae, molineus patens, m. mustelae and trichinella spiralis). among 78 adult martens from three geographic localities, the prevalence was 83%. nine species were identified (mesocestoides sp., t. mustelae and t. martis americana, euryhelmis squamula, m. patens, baylisascari ...	1990	2250320
ectoparasites of the irish stoat.	a sample of 196 irish stoats mustela ermineae hibernica thomas & barrett-hamilton (carnivora: mustelidae) were examined and yielded 2580 arthropod ectoparasites, including 1819 larval mites neotrombicula autumnalis (shaw) from a single host. other ectoparasites recovered included lice (99% trichodectes ermineae (hopkins], ticks (mostly ixodes hexagonus leach) and four species of fleas. the ticks and fleas were considered to have come mainly from nests of other hosts. the flea species did not ref ...	1989	2519665
the ermine phenotype: pigmentary-hearing loss heterogeneity.	the term ermine phenotype has been chosen to describe patients with white hair with black tufts. the patients also have sensorineural hearing loss. this rare phenotype may come about either by failure of migration of melanocytes or by an autoimmune mechanism. examples of each are cited. the authors describe a possible third type. comparison with other pigment loss-sensorineural hearing loss syndromes is made.	1988	3055988
brief exposure to a natural predator, the short-tailed weasel, induces benzodiazepine-sensitive analgesia in white-footed mice.	exposure to a natural predator, the short-tailed weasel, mustela erminea, elicited significant increases in the nociceptive responses of wild male white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus. a short (30 sec), ecologically relevant, nonvisual exposure to a weasel elicited a relatively brief (15 min) analgesia that was insensitive to the opiate antagonist, naloxone (1.0 mg/kg), and was blocked by either pre- or post-exposure injections of the benzodiazepine antagonist, ro15-1788 (10 mg/kg), or agonist ...	1988	3145512
[chromosomal localization and evolutionary age of satellite dnas of mustelidae].	dna reassociation kinetics were studied in the european mink (mustela lutreola), the american mink (m. vison), the marbled polecat (vormela peregusna). variation in dna quantity and heterochromatin amount occurs in connection with changes in the size of all kinetic fractions. moderately repetitive genome component is the most variable in these three species. cryptic cscl satellite of the stoat (m. erminea), ag+/cs2so4 satellites of the m. vison, v. peregusna were used for in situ homo- and heter ...	1988	3250906
a key to the genus lutrilichus fain and description of a new species from the ermine, mustela erminea, in canada (acarina: sarcoptiformes).		2015	4451908
reproduction in the male stoat, mustela erminea.		1974	4452973
ovarian cycle and plasma progesterone levels in the female stoat, mustela erminea.		1972	4648138
reciprocal fertilization between the ferret and short-tailed weasel with special reference to the development of ferret eggs fertilized by weasel sperm.		1973	4697405
plasma progesterone levels in the stoat.		1974	4819321
effect of pituitary autografts on hair color in the short-tailed weasel.		1968	5726275
hair color, molt, and testis size in male, short-tailed weasels treated with melatonin.	melatonin in beeswax was implanted in male weasels (mustela erminea). brown weasels and white animals undergoing the spring change to the brown pelage and reproductive activity molted, grew a new white coat, and became reproductively quiescent after treatment. controls retained or acquired the brown coat and developed or maintained enlarged testes. treated weasels with pituitary autografts under the kidney capsule grew brown hair after hair growth was initiated by plucking. it is suggested that ...	1969	5816328
[the chromosomes of mustela erminea cicognanii bonaparte (mammalia-carnivora)].		1967	6079740
thermoregulation of polecat and raccoon dog: a comparative study with stoat, mink and blue fox.	1. oxygen consumption (ml x kg0.75 per min) in relation to ambient temperature (ta) in the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides), polecat (mustela putorius), mink (mustela vison) and stoat (mustela erminea) is described by equations y = 14.2 - 0.23x, y = 26.3 - 0.47x, y = 26.9 - 0.33x and y = 39.0 - 1.06x, respectively. resting metabolic rate (rmr) of blue fox (alopex lagopus) could be measured only at thermoneutrality. 2. in polecats, calorigenic response to noradrenaline was about 40% above t ...	1983	6131765
a comparative chromosome study by means of g-, c-, and nor-bandings of the weasel, the pygmy weasel and the stoat (mustela, carnivora, mammalia).		1980	6160121
electrophoretic variation in large mammals. ii. the red fox, vulpes vulpes, the stoat, mustela erminea, the weasel, mustela nivalis, the pole cat, mustela putorius, the pine marten, martes martes, the beech marten, martes foina, and the badger, meles meles.		1982	7107306
concepts of veterinary practice in wild mammals.	at the beginning of this article, we described the challenge faced by wildlife veterinarians in extrapolating treatment regimens and finding data bases of physiologic variables with which to assess health or depth of anesthesia in wild mammals. for example, we might wish to administer injectable ivermectin to a 75-kg deer and a 75-g squirrel for treatment of intestinal nematodes. an effective dose of ivermectin for the 75-kg deer is 0.2 mg/kg sc, and for the 75 g (0.075 kg) squirrel is 1.3 mg/kg ...	1994	8109073
[the preimplantation embryonic development of 2 species of mammals from the family mustelidae (mustela erminea and mustela vison)].	the preimplantation development of common weasel and american mink embryos was studied using light microscopy. oocytes and blastomeres of these embryos are rich with lipids synthesized during oogenesis. apparently, most lipids are utilized during the trophoblast formation. large spherical blastomeres protecting zona pellucida are formed by the stage of implantation. the shape of the blastocyst, as well as central superficial implantation, are typical for carnivores and distinguish the studied or ...	2010	8152724
[superovulation induced by the administration of pmsg to mustelids].	in this paper, we have attempted to use the technique of superovulation in mustelids. ermine (mustela erminea) and several species of ferret (mustela eversmanni, mustela putorius, mustela putorius furo [correction of hamster (putorius eversmanni, putorius putorius, putorius putorius furo)] have been used as experimental models. we have conducted a detailed study of superovulation and early embryonic development in animals of these species treated with pmsg [correction of gpms]. we have shown tha ...	1997	9411315
studies of bioaccumulation and biotransformation of pcbs in mustelids based on concentration and congener patterns in predators and preys.	bioaccumulation of non-, mono-, and di-ortho-substituted chlorobiphenyls (cbs) was investigated in four species of mustelids (weasel, stoat, polecat, and otter) and their preys, from a restricted area in the northern part of the netherlands. diets of these mustelids ranged from terrestrial (weasel, stoat, and polecat) to aquatic (otter). diet-specific biomagnification factors (bmfs), cb in diet relative to cb in mustelids, were calculated for the sum of 28 congeners (sigmacb), for the sum of the ...	1998	9776784
microsatellite markers for american mink (mustela vison) and ermine (mustela erminea).		1999	10507871
ingestion of neospora caninum tissue cysts by mustela species.	dogs are a definitive host of neospora caninum, a protozoal parasite that causes abortion in cattle. mustelids were tested to determine if they could also be definitive hosts. the procedures used were the same as those previously used to test dogs. ermine (mustela erminea), weasels (mustela frenata) and ferrets (mustela putorius) were fed n. caninum-infected mice. neospora caninum oocysts were not observed. mustelid faeces were fed to mice. the mice did not seroconvert and n. caninum was not det ...	1999	10608439
live fast--die young. the life history of stoats and weasels.	rarely seen but endowed with a larger-than-life reputation, stoats and weasels are among our most common and yet most enigmatic predators. they are the world's smallest carnivores and they spend much of their short lives in a frenetic search for prey. their quicksilver behaviour and 'burn-out not fade-away' lifestyle provide many puzzles for biologists and conservationists alike.	2000	11190243
paratuberculosis infection of nonruminant wildlife in scotland.	recent reports of natural paratuberculosis (or johne's disease) in rabbits, foxes, and stoats has focused debate on the presence and importance of wildlife reservoirs in the epidemiology of this disease. this paper describes an extensive study investigating 18 nonruminant wildlife species for evidence of paratuberculosis. using both culture and histopathological analysis, fox, stoat, weasel, crow, rook, jackdaw, rat, wood mouse, hare, and badger were found to harbor mycobacterium avium subsp. pa ...	2001	11283080
mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: pathogen, pathogenesis and diagnosis.	johne's disease, or paratuberculosis, is a chronic intestinal infection caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. the usually fatal disease is characterised by cachexia, and in some species diarrhoea, after a long pre-clinical phase. treatment is ineffective and economically impracticable. the infection primarily affects domestic and free-ranging ruminants, but has also been reported in primates, rabbits, stoats and foxes. since paratuberculosis is often subclinical, under-reporting ...	2001	11288509
echinococcus multilocularis in carnivores from the klatovy district of the czech republic.	a unique human case of alveolar echinococcosis was described in 1979 from the klatovy district of the czech republic. however, there were no previous epidemiological studies in this area focusing on detection of the source of infection--echinococcus multilocularis adults producing eggs. during the period june 1997 to april 1999, 29 out of a total of 46 (63.3%) red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in the klatovy district and one of four foxes (25.0%) in the pilsen south district were found to be infected wi ...	2001	11345074
mycobacterium bovis infection in wildlife in new zealand.	bovine tuberculosis (tb) is the most important disease of livestock in new zealand, and it puts at risk the nation's trade in dairy, beef and venison products. elimination of the disease from livestock is based on a herd test and slaughter programme and carcass inspection at abbatoirs. however, this programme has not been as successful as expected, because the disease also occurs in wild or feral animals acting as vectors of the disease to livestock. brushtail possums are the major wildlife vect ...	2001	11466031
influence of primary sedimentation on pre-denitrification system performances.	the effects of suppressing primary sedimentation on nitrogen removal efficiency of a pre-denitrification system have been evaluated for a large municipal wastewater treatment plant. simulations have been carried out using the stoat model. for both the process schemes with and without primary sedimentation, nitrification efficiencies are calculated for increasing influent loads of cod, total n and suspended solids. the sensitivity analysis shows that for the usual carbon to nitrogen ratios in the ...	2001	11496661
helminth fauna of the stoat (mustela erminea linneaus, 1758) and the weasel (m. nivalis linnaeus, 1758) in belorussian polesie.	helminthological examinations of 30 stoat and 31 weasel carcasses were carried out in belorussian polesie (southern part of belarus, brest and gomel regions) between 1980 and 1999. the total rate of helminth infection of these animals was 78.7%. a total of 23 stoats and 25 weasels were infected by helminths. the animals were hosts for 20 species of helminths.	2001	11511009
the ability of various chemicals to elicit olfactory beta-waves in the pyriform cortex of meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) and laboratory rats (rattus norvegicus).	previous research has shown that, in freely moving laboratory rats, the odors of benzyl alcohol, camphor, carvacrol, isopentenyl methyl sulfide, 2-propylthietane, salicylaldehyde, trimethylthiazoline, and xylene (plus other compounds) elicit high amplitude bursts of roughly 20-hz waves (beta-waves) in the olfactory bulb and pyriform cortex. since all these compounds are effective antifeedants in a variety of small herbivores, a more extensive test of the effect of the odor of a variety of antife ...	2002	11750900
histological evidence of disease in wild stoats (mustela erminea) in england.	forty-four free-living stoats were collected from five game estates in england and examined for evidence of disease. all the macroscopic lesions were attributable to the trauma associated with being trapped or shot. there were no significant microscopic lesions in 27 (61 per cent) of the stoats. there was evidence of nematode parasitism in the intestines of six stoats (14 per cent), and in the lungs of five stoats (11 per cent), and of pulmonary granulomatous inflammation or microgranulomas in f ...	2001	11765324
the effect of extended in-sewer storage on wastewater treatment plant performance.	a project funded by ukwir is under way in the uk to develop a relatively simple methodology whereby the effects of the introduction of extended in-sewer storage at csos on downstream sewerage and treatment can be assessed. recent legislation (uk and european) has compelled many sewer system operators to introduce systems which increase in-sewer retention times, and also retain more flow and load within sewer networks. the project has reviewed existing knowledge about the interaction between in-s ...	2002	11902475
phylogeography of endemic ermine (mustela erminea) in southeast alaska.	the north pacific coast (npc) of north america is a region of high mammalian endemism, possibly due to its highly fragmented landscape and complex glacial history. for example, four island and one mainland subspecies of ermine, mustela erminea, have been described as endemic to southeast alaska alone. to better understand the role of past climatic change in generating diversity in the region, we examined dna sequence variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 210 ermine from across nort ...	2002	11972765
phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among mustelids (mammalia: carnivora) based on nucleotide sequences of the nuclear interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein and mitochondrial cytochrome b genes.	phylogenetic relationships among 20 species-group taxa of mustelidae, representing mustelinae (mustela, martes, gulo), lutrinae (enhydra), and melinae (meles), were examined using nucleotide sequences of the nuclear interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (irbp) and mitochondrial cytochrome b genes. neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic analyses on these genes separately and combined were conducted. while irbp performed better than cytochrome b in recovering more-inclusive clad ...	2003	12655187
[the constrictor mechanism in the blood vessels leading to and from the liver in the ermine].		1952	12996261
hormonal control of pelage cycles in the short tailed weasel (mustela erminea bangsi).		1965	14321940
cyclic dynamics in a simple vertebrate predator-prey community.	the collared lemming in the high-arctic tundra in greenland is preyed upon by four species of predators that show marked differences in the numbers of lemmings each consumes and in the dependence of their dynamics on lemming density. a predator prey model based on the field-estimated predator responses robustly predicts 4-year periodicity in lemming dynamics, in agreement with long-term empirical data. there is no indication in the field that food or space limits lemming population growth, nor i ...	2003	14593179
cranial variation in british mustelids.	nineteen measurements were made on 136 skulls belonging to seven mustelid species: meles meles (eurasian badger), mustela nivalis, (weasel), mustela erminea (stoat), mustela putorius (polecat), lutra lutra (otter), mustela furo (ferret), and mustela vison (american mink), and polecat-ferret hybrids. to investigate shape, size-related effects were eliminated by dividing all measurements by their geometric means. canonical variate analysis was used to reveal major interspecies distinctions. exclud ...	2004	15052596
efficacy of piper (piperaceae) extracts for control of common home and garden insect pests.	extracts from three species of the plant family piperaceae, piper nigrum [l.], piper guineense [schum & thonn, and piper tuberculatum [jacq.], were tested for efficacy against insects from five orders. all three species contain isobutyl amides, plant secondary compounds that act as neurotoxins in insects. these materials are considered safe to mammals because piper spp. were used for centuries for spice and medicinal purposes. when 24-h p. nigrum lc50 values were compared between common insect p ...	2004	15384353
antibody responses to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in predators, scavengers, and hares in new zealand during epidemics in sympatric rabbit populations.	to test for antibodies to rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd) virus (rhdv) in sera from mammals and birds associated with rabbit populations infected with rhdv.	2004	15768102
chemical constraints on the evolution of olfactory communication channels of moths.	it is estimated there are over 100,000 moth species (lepidoptera) that produce sex pheromones comprising communication channels used in specific-mate-recognition systems (smrs) involved in pre-zygotic mating isolation and speciation. about 1572 moth species have been found to use 377 pheromone components, the majority being alcohols, aldehydes or acetate esters of olefinic chains of 10-22 carbons. since there are limited numbers of possible unsaturated (double bonded) e- and z-configured isomers ...	2005	15862589
prevalence and spatial distribution of bovine tuberculosis in brushtail possums on a forest-scrub margin.	tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis was diagnosed in 36 of 68 (53%) brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula) trapped in august 1992 from a population of exceptionally low density (trap catch <3%) on a forest-scrub margin in westland, new zealand. the prevalence of tuberculosis in possums, based solely on gross lesions, was at least twice that previously recorded in new zealand, and was about seven times that recorded from the same population in 1980. more male (66%) than female (33%) pos ...	1994	16031762
the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) infections in feral populations of cats (felis catus), ferrets (mustela furo) and stoats (mustela erminea) in otago and southland, new zealand.	twenty-one properties in the otago region of the south island of new zealand were surveyed for the presence of gross lesions due to mycobacterium bovis infection in feral cats (felis catus), ferrets (mustela furo) and stoats (mustela erminea) during 1993 and 1994. in total, 1293 cats, ferrets, stoats and weasels (mustela nivalis) were examined for the presence of tuberculous lesions. the properties surveyed were selected according to the history and incidence of bovine tuberculosis infection in ...	1995	16031875
filaroides infections in wild ferrets (mustela putorius) and stoats (mustela erminea).		1996	16031937
detection and isolation of helicobacter mustelae from stoats in new zealand.	to determine the incidence of helicobacter mustelae in stoats (mustela erminea) in new zealand.	2003	16032314
volatile compounds from anal glands of the wolverine, gulo gulo.	dichloromethane extracts of wolverine (gulo gulo, mustelinae, mustelidae) anal gland secretion were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the secretion composition was complex and variable for the six samples examined: 123 compounds were detected in total, with the number per animal ranging from 45 to 71 compounds. only six compounds were common to all extracts: 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, phenylacetic acid, alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol, and a compound tentatively ...	2005	16132215
comparative phylogeography between the ermine mustela erminea and the least weasel m. nivalis of palaearctic and nearctic regions, based on analysis of mitochondrial dna control region sequences.	phylogeography of the ermine mustela erminea and the least weasel m. nivalis from palaearctic and nearctic regions were investigated based on mitochondrial dna control region sequences. mustela erminea exhibited a very low level of genetic variation, and geographic structures among populations were unclear. this may indicate that m. erminea recently reoccupied a wide territory in eurasia following the last glacial retreat. in comparison with m. erminea, genetic variations within and among popula ...	2005	16286718
bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the south-west region of england: a survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle.	in the united kingdom, badgers are implicated in the transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle, but little information is available on the potential role of other wild mammals. this paper presents the results of the largest systematic uk survey of m. bovis infection in other wild mammals. mammal carcasses (4715) from throughout the south-west region of england were subjected to a systematic post mortem examination, microbiological culture of tissues and spoligotyping of isolates. infection w ...	2007	16434219
unexpected consequences of vertebrate pest control: predictions from a four-species community model.	although indirect effects are important structuring forces in ecological communities, they are seldom considered in the design of pest control operations. however, such effects may cause unpredicted and deleterious changes in other populations that could reduce or even negate the benefit to endangered species for which control is undertaken. furthermore, the complexity and nonlinearities inherent in interacting ecological communities may cause thresholds in the strength of pest control, on eithe ...	2006	16827002
bioeconomic modeling in conservation pest management: effect of stoat control on extinction risk of an indigenous new zealand passerine, mohua ochrocephala.	pest control is a key activity undertaken to conserve threatened and declining species. although bioeconomic analysis has been used to contrast the relative efficiency of control strategies where pests affect economic resources, the same approaches have been adopted rarely in conservation settings. the mohua (mohoua ochrocephala) is an insectivorous passerine indigenous to beech (nothofagus spp.) forests in new zealand's south island. mohua have undergone a 75% range contraction since stoats (mu ...	2006	16903109
bait-delivered pimozide causes precocious embryo implantation in mink: a fertility control option for the exotic stoat?	stoats (mustela erminea), an exotic pest in new zealand, threaten the conservation of several ground-nesting bird species and broad-scale methods for their control are sought. females are seasonally monestrous, show a 9-month period of obligatory diapause and usually do not breed more than once in their lives. a bait-delivered agent that terminates diapause and results in a non-viable embryo may have a significant impact on their reproductive success. prolactin (prl) is hypothesised to be the on ...	2006	16930517
parasites of carnivorous mammals in białowieza primeval forest.	although the parasitofauna of wild carnivorous mammals in poland is quite well recognized, there has been only one research carried on this issue so far in białowieza forest--the last lowland primeval forest of temperate zone in europe.	2006	17007336
acceptance by stoats (mustela erminea) of 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate) in small-volume baits and its effect on behaviour and time to death.	to assess whether stoats (mustela erminea) would eat small baits containing 0.1% sodium monofluoroacetate (1080); whether they would die from it; how long it would take to kill them; and to document the behaviour of 1080-intoxicated stoats.	2006	17151737
olfactory receptors on the maxillary palps of small ermine moth larvae: evolutionary history of benzaldehyde sensitivity.	in lepidopterous larvae the maxillary palps contain a large portion of the sensory equipment of the insect. yet, knowledge about the sensitivity of these cells is limited. in this paper a morphological, behavioral, and electrophysiological investigation of the maxillary palps of yponomeuta cagnagellus (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) is presented. in addition to thermoreceptors, co(2) receptors, and gustatory receptors, evidence is reported for the existence of two groups of receptor cells sensitive ...	2007	17372741
stoats (mustela erminea) provide evidence of natural overland colonization of ireland.	the current irish biota has controversial origins. ireland was largely covered by ice at the last glacial maximum (lgm) and may not have had land connections to continental europe and britain thereafter. given the potential difficulty for terrestrial species to colonize ireland except by human introduction, we investigated the stoat (mustela erminea) as a possible cold-tolerant model species for natural colonization of ireland at the lgm itself. the stoat currently lives in ireland and britain a ...	2007	17412682
histological and serological evidence of disease among invasive, non-native stoats mustela erminea.	invasive, non-native species are a major threat to global biodiversity. stoats were introduced from britain to new zealand in the 1880s and have since caused grave conservation problems. a histopathological and serological survey of disease and infection in stoats from new zealand was undertaken to identify agents that might be used or modified to control this population. of 60 stoats examined, 63% exhibited inflammation of the lung, mostly occurring as local or diffuse interstitial pneumonia, 3 ...	2008	17434325
prevalence of cryptosporidium species in wildlife populations within a watershed landscape in southeastern new york state.	a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium in wildlife in the new york city (nyc) watershed in southeastern new york state. a total of 6227 fecal samples were collected and evaluated from 5892 mammals (38 species), 263 birds (14 species), 2 reptiles (2 species), 8 amphibians (4 species), and 62 fish (15 species). cryptosporidium was detected in 30 species. of the species found positive for cryptosporidium, 16 represented new records for this parasite-alo ...	2007	17466459
understanding contributions of cohort effects to growth rates of fluctuating populations.	1. understanding contributions of cohort effects to variation in population growth of fluctuating populations is of great interest in evolutionary biology and may be critical in contributing towards wildlife and conservation management. cohort-specific contributions to population growth can be evaluated using age-specific matrix models and associated elasticity analyses. 2. we developed age-specific matrix models for naturally fluctuating populations of stoats mustela erminea in new zealand beec ...	2007	17714273
early sexual maturity in the female short-tailed weasel.		1958	17793282
geographic and host range of the nematode soboliphyme baturini across beringia.	the nematode soboliphyme baturini petrov, 1930, was found to represent a single species with a relatively broad geographic range across beringia and northwestern north america on the basis of the assessment of molecular sequence data for adult and juvenile parasites. refuted are hypotheses suggesting that several cryptic species could be partitioned either among an array of mustelid definitive hosts or across the vast region that links north america and eurasia. host specificity for this species ...	2007	18163341
intrageneric diversity of the cytochrome b gene and phylogeny of eurasian species of the genus mustela (mustelidae, carnivora).	to illuminate molecular phylogenetic relationships among eurasian species of the genus mustela (mustelidae, carnivora), we determined nucleotide sequences of the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene region (1,140 base pairs). molecular phylogenetic trees, constructed using the neighbor-joining and the maximum likelihood methods, showed the common topology of species relationships to each other. the american mink m. vison first branched off and was positioned very remotely from the other spec ...	2000	18517304
isolation of mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacterial species from ferrets and stoats.	as part of wildlife surveillance for bovine tuberculosis, pooled lymph nodes from 21,481 ferrets, 1056 stoats and 83 weasels were cultured for mycobacteria. a total of 268 isolates of mycobacterium bovis were obtained from ferrets, 2 from stoats and none from weasels, demonstrating the presence of a wildlife reservoir of infection in ferrets. dna typing by restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) of 48 selected isolates of m. bovis revealed 23 rea types. twenty-one of these types had previously b ...	2008	18632227
genetic identification of mammalian carnivore species in the kushiro wetland, eastern hokkaido, japan, by analysis of fecal dna.	to identify mammalian carnivore species distributed in the kushiro wetland, eastern hokkaido, japan, we developed molecular-genetic methods for identification of the species from fecal samples collected from the field. species-specific primers and pcr programs were established for five native and six alien species of carnivores: martes zibellina, mustela nivalis, mustela erminea, vulpes vulpes, and nyctereutes procyonoides as native species, and neovison vison, martes melampus, mustela itatsi, c ...	2008	18828658
phenotypic and microscopic description of a new case of ermine phenotype.	we describe a new case of ermine phenotype. the patient had the striking pattern of skin and hair involvement that characterize the condition, global developmental delay, growth retardation, microcephaly, and bilateral hearing loss. results of extensive workup for several other neurologic, metabolic, mitochondrial, genetic and chromosomal conditions were normal. microscopic examination demonstrated normal numbers of melanocytes and variable amounts of pigment depending on the degree of pigmentat ...	2009	19449401
the roles of predator maturation delay and functional response in determining the periodicity of predator-prey cycles.	population cycles in small mammals have attracted the attention of several generations of theoretical and experimental biologists and continue to generate controversy. top-down and bottom-up trophic regulations are two recent competing hypotheses. the principal purpose of this paper is to explore the relative contributions of a variety of ecological factors to predator-prey population cycles. here we suggest that for some species - collared lemmings, snowshoe hares and moose in particular - matu ...	2009	19563815
[new animal hosts of rabies virus in mountain areas in zhejiang province].	to understand the prevalence of rabies among wild animals and the animal species in rabies epidemic areas of zhejiang province.	2009	19731524
angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a stoat.		2010	20139386
the first record of molineus patens (dujardin, 1845) (nematoda, molineidae) in the ermine (mustela erminea l.) in poland.	a single specimen of the nematode molineus patens (dujardin, 1845) was isolated from the intestine of the ermine (mustela erminea l.) found dead on a road in lubuskie voivodeship (western poland) in july 2008. since this is the first record of the parasite in the ermine from poland, description, biometrical data and figures are given.	2009	20209821
field vole (microtus agrestis) seasonal spacing behavior: the effect of predation risk by mustelids.	there are numerous studies showing that predation risk may change different aspects of the behavior of prey, such as habitat use, activity pattern, and foraging. prey should exhibit the strongest antipredatory response against their most deadly predator. small mustelids are considered the most important mammalian predators of voles. nevertheless, there is no general agreement as to whether strong antipredatory reactions exist in natural free-living populations of voles. here, we studied the fiel ...	2010	20352179
molecular phylogeny of the small ermine moth genus yponomeuta (lepidoptera, yponomeutidae) in the palaearctic.	the small ermine moth genus yponomeuta (lepidoptera, yponomeutidae) contains 76 species that are specialist feeders on hosts from celastraceae, rosaceae, salicaceae, and several other plant families. the genus is a model for studies in the evolution of phytophagous insects and their host-plant associations. here, we reconstruct the phylogeny to provide a solid framework for these studies, and to obtain insight into the history of host-plant use and the biogeography of the genus.	2010	20360968
evolution of multicomponent pheromone signals in small ermine moths involves a single fatty-acyl reductase gene.	fatty-acyl coa reductases (far) convert fatty acids into fatty alcohols in pro- and eukaryotic organisms. in the lepidoptera, members of the far gene family serve in the biosynthesis of sex pheromones involved in mate communication. we used a group of closely related species, the small ermine moths (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) as a model to investigate the role of fars in the biosynthesis of complex pheromone blends. homology-based molecular cloning in three yponomeuta species led to the identif ...	2010	20534481
vulnerability of black grouse hens to goshawk predation: result of food supply or predation facilitation?	the plant cycle hypothesis says that poor-quality food affects both herbivorous voles (microtinae spp.) and grouse (tetraonidae spp.) in vole decline years, leading to increased foraging effort in female grouse and thus a higher risk of predation by the goshawk accipiter gentilis. poor-quality food (mainly the bilberry vaccinium myrtillus) for these herbivores is induced by seed masting failure in the previous year, when the bilberry is able to allocate resources for chemical defence (the mast d ...	2011	21181416
functional flexibility as a prelude to signal diversity?: role of a fatty acyl reductase in moth pheromone evolution.	sex pheromones are the hallmark of reproductive behavior in moths. mature females perform the task of mate signaling and release bouquets of odors that attract conspecific males at long range. the pheromone chemistry follows a relatively minimal design but still the combinatorial action of a handful of specialized pheromone production enzymes has resulted in remarkably diverse sexual signals that subtly vary in structure and in number and ratio of components. in a recent article,1 we showed that ...	2010	21331247
development of a new humane toxin for predator control in new zealand.	the endemic fauna of new zealand evolved in the absence of mammalian predators and their introduction has been responsible for many extinctions and declines. introduced species including possums (trichosurus vulpecula kerr), ship rats (rattus rattus l.) and stoats (mustela erminea l.) are targeted to protect native birds. control methodologies currently rely largely on labor-intensive trapping or the use of increasingly unpopular poisons, or poisons that are linked with low welfare standards. he ...	2010	21392319
concentrations of anticoagulant rodenticides in stoats mustela erminea and weasels mustela nivalis from denmark.	anticoagulant rodenticides are widely used to control rodent populations but they also pose a risk of secondary poisoning in non-target predators. studies on anticoagulant rodenticide exposure of non-target species have mainly reported on frequency of occurrence. they have rarely analyzed variations in residue concentrations. we examine the occurrence and concentrations of five anticoagulant rodenticides in liver tissue from 61 stoats (mustela erminea) and 69 weasels (mustela nivalis) from denma ...	2011	21477845
habitat selection, reproduction and predation of wintering lemmings in the arctic.	snow cover has dramatic effects on the structure and functioning of arctic ecosystems in winter. in the tundra, the subnivean space is the primary habitat of wintering small mammals and may be critical for their survival and reproduction. we have investigated the effects of snow cover and habitat features on the distributions of collared lemming (dicrostonyx groenlandicus) and brown lemming (lemmus trimucronatus) winter nests, as well as on their probabilities of reproduction and predation by st ...	2011	21701915
unexpected consequences of control: competitive vs. predator release in a four-species assemblage of invasive mammals.	ecology letters (2011) abstract: invasive species are frequently the target of eradication or control programmes to mitigate their impacts. however, manipulating single species in isolation can lead to unexpected consequences for other species, with outcomes such as mesopredator release demonstrated both theoretically and empirically in vertebrate assemblages with at least two trophic levels. less is known about the consequences of species removal in more complex assemblages where a greater numb ...	2011	21806747
[adaptive intraspecific divergence: an example using the animal cytochrome b gene].	the topologies of phylogenetic trees characterized by a high level of intraspecific divergence between the phylogenetic dna groups (clades) are often explained in terms of the theory of pleistocene refugia. to elucidate the issue of the adaptive role of intraspecific divergence, the changes in the physicochemical properties of amino acids in the course ofcladogenesis (mm01 model of the treesaap 3.2 package) were analyzed in this work using as an example the nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome ...	2011	21954619
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in wildlife on three deer farms with a history of Johne's disease.	To determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) infection in wildlife, in pastoral landscapes with a recent history of clinical Johne's disease in livestock.	2011	22040334
the nature of lemming cycles on wrangel: an island without small mustelids.	lemming cycles are a key process in the functioning of tundra ecosystems. although it is agreed that trophic interactions are important in causing the cycles, the actual mechanism is disputed. some researchers attribute a major role to predation by small mustelids such as stoats and least weasels. here we present a 40-year time series of lemming dynamics from wrangel island and show statistically that lemmings do exhibit population cycles in the absence of small mustelids. the observed density f ...	2012	22526937
response of an arctic predator guild to collapsing lemming cycles.	alpine and arctic lemming populations appear to be highly sensitive to climate change, and when faced with warmer and shorter winters, their well-known high-amplitude population cycles may collapse. being keystone species in tundra ecosystems, changed lemming dynamics may convey significant knock-on effects on trophically linked species. here, we analyse long-term (1988-2010), community-wide monitoring data from two sites in high-arctic greenland and document how a collapse in collared lemming c ...	2012	22977153
investigating the role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of bovine neosporosis.	neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite, primarily associated with bovine abortion. the only definitive hosts discovered to date are carnivores. this study aimed to identify the role of mammalian carnivores in the epidemiology of bovine neosporosis. a sample bank of serum, fecal and brain samples was established: american mink (mustela vison), red foxes (vulpes vulpes), pine martens (martes martes), badgers (meles meles), stoats (mustela erminea), otters (lutra lutra) and feral ferrets (mustela ...	2013	23068142
detection of neospora caninum in wild carnivorans in great britain.	samples of brain and other tissues were collected from 99 ferrets (mustela furo), 83 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 70 european polecats (mustela putorius), 65 american mink (neovison vison), 64 eurasian badgers (meles meles) and 9 stoats (mustela erminea), from around great britain. dna was extracted from approximately 1g of tissue and tested by specific nested its1 pcr for neospora caninum. the results from the pcr demonstrated that neospora specific dna was detected in all species of wild carnivo ...	2013	23102760
measuring and selecting scales of effect for landscape predictors in species-habitat models.	wildlife managers often use habitat models to determine species habitat requirements and to identify locations for conservation efforts, uses which depend on accurate specification of species-habitat relationships. prior study suggests that model performance may be influenced by the way we measure environmental predictors. we hypothesized that species responses to landscape predictors are best represented by landscape composition-based measurements, rather than distance-based measurements. we al ...	2012	23387125
aleutian mink disease virus in furbearing mammals in nova scotia, canada.	aleutian mink disease virus (amdv) is widespread among ranched and free-ranging american mink in canada, but there is no information on its prevalence in other wild animal species. this paper describes the prevalence of amdv of 12 furbearing species in nova scotia (ns), canada.	2013	23394546
optimising camera traps for monitoring small mammals.	practical techniques are required to monitor invasive animals, which are often cryptic and occur at low density. camera traps have potential for this purpose, but may have problems detecting and identifying small species. a further challenge is how to standardise the size of each camera's field of view so capture rates are comparable between different places and times. we investigated the optimal specifications for a low-cost camera trap for small mammals. the factors tested were 1) trigger spee ...	2013	23840790
understanding attitudes toward the control of nonnative wild and feral mammals: similarities and differences in the opinions of the general public, animal protectionists, and conservationists in new zealand (aotearoa).	lethal control is used extensively in new zealand to control nonnative nonhuman mammals. respondents were surveyed about 8 mammal groups considered pests and their attitudes toward their control and pest status. they also identified the most appropriate method of control for the 8 different mammals. information was gathered from 3 groups of respondents: nonhuman animal protectionists, conservationists, and the general public. conservationists routinely rated all animal groups as more severe pest ...	2014	23927074
evidence of the three main clonal toxoplasma gondii lineages from wild mammalian carnivores in the uk.	toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic pathogen defined by three main clonal lineages (types i, ii, iii), of which type ii is most common in europe. very few data exist on the prevalence and genotypes of t. gondii in the uk. wildlife can act as sentinel species for t. gondii genotypes present in the environment, which may subsequently be transmitted to livestock and humans. dna was extracted from tissue samples of wild british carnivores, including 99 ferrets, 83 red foxes, 70 polecats, 65 mink, 64 bad ...	2013	23953298
predicted responses of invasive mammal communities to climate-related changes in mast frequency in forest ecosystems.	predicting the dynamics and impacts of multiple invasive species can be complex because ecological relationships, which occur among several trophic levels, are often incompletely understood. further, the complexity of these trophic relationships exacerbates our inability to predict climate change effects on invaded ecosystems. we explore the hypothesis that interactions between two global change drivers, invasive vertebrates and climate change, will potentially make matters worse for native biod ...	2013	23967576
using genetic techniques to quantify reinvasion, survival and in situ breeding rates during control operations.	determining the origin of individuals caught during a control/eradication programme enables conservation managers to assess the reinvasion rates of their target species and evaluate the level of success of their control methods. we examine how genetic techniques can focus management by distinguishing between hypotheses of 'reinvasion' and 'survivor', and defining kin groups for invasive stoats (mustela erminea) on secretary island, new zealand. 205 stoats caught on the island were genotyped at 1 ...	2013	24033616
use of predator odors to protect chick-peas from predation by laboratory and wild mice.	synthetic stoat odor (3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane and 2-propylthietane) and fox fecal odor (2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline) at various concentrations were applied to chick-peas (cicer arietinum) at sowing in an investigation aimed at reducing damage caused by house mice (mus musculus). stoat odor at 10% concentration exerted a measure of protection, as did 1% fox odor against predation by laboratory mice. wild mice were less affected by synthetic predator odor and appeared to have a shorter m ...	1993	24249004
invasive mammals and habitat modification interact to generate unforeseen outcomes for indigenous fauna.	biotic invasions and habitat modification are two drivers of global change predicted to have detrimental impacts on the persistence of indigenous biota worldwide. few studies have investigated how they operate synergistically to alter trophic interactions among indigenous and nonindigenous species in invaded ecosystems. we experimentally manipulated a suite of interacting invasive mammals, including top predators (cat felis catus, ferret mustela furo, stoat m. erminea), herbivores (rabbit orycto ...	2013	24261050
apple ermine moth,yponomeuta malinellus zeller two components of female sex pheromone gland highly effective in field trapping tests.	when electroantennographic responses of maleyponomeuta malinellus zeller to model compounds were determined at dosages of 0.3-30 ng, the strongest responses were obtained from (z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate (z9-12∶ac). also, strong responses were obtained from (z)-11-tetradecenal (z11-14∶a1) and (z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (zl1-14∶oh). at a dosage of 0.3 ng,z11-14∶a1 produced a stronger response thanz11-14∶oh, while at a dosage of 30 ng,z11-14∶oh andz11-14∶a1 produced equal responses. gas chromatographic ...	1990	24263504