Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| observations on malaria vectors of the anopheles punctulatus complex in the british solomon islands protectorate. | 1975 | 1123827 | |
| seasonal abundance and biting behaviour of anopheles punctulatus and an. koliensis in malaita province, solomon islands, and a trial of permethrin impregnated bednets against malaria transmission. | seasonal abundance of the malaria vectors anopheles punctulatus dönitz and an.koliensis owen in bilimanu, an isolated inland village with forty-two houses in malaita province of the solomon islands, was monitored over 28 months by means of all-night landing/biting catches at one site during june 1985 to september 1987. totals of 1250 an.punctulatus and 141 an.koliensis were collected, the latter being the largest number of this species ever caught at any locality in the solomons. bednets impregn ... | 1992 | 1463904 |
| field evaluation of an insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen, against anopheles punctulatus on north guadalcanal, solomon islands. | five pools containing immature stages of anopheles punctulatus were treated with pyriproxyfen at 4 different dosages. inhibition of adult emergence was observed in pupae collected from the test pools and/or those obtained by rearing of the 4th instar larvae. adult emergence was inhibited completely for 2 months at a dosage of 0.1 ppm, for one month at 0.05 ppm and 0.01 ppm, and for 20 days at 0.02 ppm. death of test insects were observed at the pupal stage and at adult emergence. the mortality r ... | 1991 | 1787406 |
| the anopheles punctulatus complex: dna probes for identifying the australian species using isotopic, chromogenic, and chemiluminescence detection systems. | isotopic and enzyme-labeled species-specific dna probes were made for the three known members of the anopheles punctulatus complex of mosquitoes in australia (anopheles farauti nos. 1, 2, and 3). species-specific probes were selected by screening total genomic libraries made from the dna of individual species with 32p-labeled dna of homologous and heterologous mosquito species. the 32p-labeled probes for a. farauti nos. 1 and 2 can detect less than 0.2 ng of dna while the 32p-labeled probe for a ... | 1991 | 2055298 |
| the prevalence of naturally acquired multiple infections of wuchereria bancrofti and human malarias in anophelines. | malaria and filaria infection rates were determined for anopheline mosquitoes collected whilst biting and resting in village houses in papua new guinea. the number of anophelines infected with both parasites was greater than expected from the infection rates of each parasite and this difference was significant in resting collections. the excess of multiply infected mosquitoes is probably a result of a vector population composed of individuals with differing numbers of opportunities to become inf ... | 1990 | 2194153 |
| how many species are in the anopheles punctulatus group? | 1990 | 2222033 | |
| human host selection by anophelines: no evidence for preferential selection of malaria or microfilariae-infected individuals in a hyperendemic area. | host selection among humans by anopheles punctulatus was studied in an area of papua new guinea endemic for malaria and filariasis. blood films were made from the stomach contents of freshly engorged mosquitoes found resting on the walls of houses in which the parasite status of the occupants was known. engorgement rates on humans were non-random but could not be consistently related to the parasite status of individuals in the houses for either malaria or filaria. in some households, anopheline ... | 1989 | 2771444 |
| an analysis of some factors determining the sporozoite rates, human blood indexes, and biting rates of members of the anopheles punctulatus complex in papua new guinea. | the degree to which anopheles punctulatus complex members feed on humans in different papua new guinea villages has a significant effect on sporozoite rates. among villages, the human blood index (hbi) of the members of the complex varied with the average number of persons sharing a bednet. although dogs are the preferred hosts by the 3 malaria vector species, the number of dogs did not significantly affect the hbi. the hbi was dependent upon the human-biting rate, implying increased avoidance o ... | 1989 | 2929848 |
| human malaria transmission studies in the anopheles punctulatus complex in papua new guinea: sporozoite rates, inoculation rates, and sporozoite densities. | malaria sporozoite rates and inoculation rates were measured over periods up to 25 months in the different anopheline species biting humans in 13 villages in madang province, papua new guinea. analysis of three members of the anopheles punctulatus complex, 68,458 an. farauti, 36,779 an. koliensis, and 11,667 an. punctulatus caught in landing catches was made using monoclonal antibody based elisas to detect sporozoites of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. sporozoite rates ranged from 0%-5.5% in ... | 1988 | 3044151 |
| reduction in incidence and prevalence of plasmodium falciparum in under-5-year-old children by permethrin impregnation of mosquito nets. | the malaria incidence and prevalence rates among children who slept under permethrin-impregnated mosquito nets in four villages near madang, papua new guinea, were compared with the rates among children who slept under unimpregnated nets in four paired control villages. immediately following a parasitological survey in the eight villages, malaria parasites were cleared from the children with chemotherapy, and the mosquito nets in the four experimental villages were impregnated with permethrin. f ... | 1987 | 3325185 |
| a mark-recapture experiment with the filariasis vector anopheles punctulatus in papua new guinea. | a capture-recapture experiment with the filariasis vector anopheles punctulatus from papua new guinea (png) is described. eight hundred and ninety-seven engorged females collected indoor resting or in landing catches were released, and 82 were subsequently recaptured. infection rates were higher in recaptured mosquitoes than in unmarked ones. recapture rates declined exponentially with distance from the release site, but an infected female was recaptured 1.8 km from the release site. the estimat ... | 1987 | 3328568 |
| mixed blood feeding by the malaria vectors in the anopheles punctulatus complex (diptera: culicidae). | 1988 | 3404539 | |
| the ecology of the anopheles punctulatus group of mosquitoes from papua new guinea: a review of recent work. | 1986 | 3463014 | |
| impregnated bed nets for the control of filariasis transmitted by anopheles punctulatus in rural papua new guinea. | 1987 | 3478922 | |
| vectors of wuchereria bancrofti in the sepik provinces of papua new guinea. | the vectors of wuchereria bancrofti were investigated in two areas of the sepik provinces of papua new guinea. at the village of yauatong, indoor-resting anopheles punctulatus had an infection rate of 47.3% and an infective rate of 3.4%. no infections occurred in 382 culex annulirostris obtained in night-landing catches. at the village of yankok only an. koliensis contained infective larvae but an. punctulatus and cx quinquefasciatus were infected. probit values of the cumulative percentages of ... | 1986 | 3523861 |
| studies on the anopheles punctulatus complex. i. identification by proboscis morphological criteria and by cross-mating experiments. | 1973 | 4777435 | |
| studies on the anopheles punctulatus complex. ii. hybridization of the member species. | 1973 | 4777436 | |
| studies on the anopheles punctulatus complex. 3. mating behaviour of the f1 hybrid adults from crosses between anopheles farauti no.1 and anopheles farauti no. 2. | 1973 | 4777438 | |
| a new species of the anopheles punctulatus complex. | 1970 | 5462492 | |
| biting prevalence and malaria transmission patterns in the anopheles punctulatus complex (diptera: culicidae) in papua new guinea. | seasonal prevalence and malaria transmission patterns of anopheles farauti, an. punctulatus and an. koliensis were studied in two coastal and two inland villages in the madang district of northern papua new guinea. the monthly manbiting rates (average biting density of vector mosquitoes per man per night) were observed over a two-year period to establish typical seasonal prevalence patterns. observations on the frequency of feeding and the human blood index were combined to derive the manbiting ... | 1980 | 7447791 |
| discrimination of all members of the anopheles punctulatus complex by polymerase chain reaction--restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | a method has been developed to identify the members of the anopheles punctulatus complex using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp). members of the an. punctulatus complex are the most important vectors of malaria in the southwest pacific and consist of 10 cryptic species, an. farauti no. 1-7, an. punctulatus, an. sp. near punctulatus, and an. koliensis. for each species, pcr amplification of the ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer produced a 750-ba ... | 1995 | 7485705 |
| a new species within the anopheles punctulatus complex in western province, papua new guinea. | specimens identified morphologically as anopheles punctulatus revealed 2 genetically distinct entities in samples collected in the western province of papua new guinea. we regard one of these species as conspecific with an. punctulatus and the other as a new species designated here as an. sp. near punctulatus. | 1995 | 7616178 |
| the anopheles punctulatus group of mosquitoes in the solomon islands and vanuatu surveyed by allozyme electrophoresis. | four species within the anopheles punctulatus group of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were identified by allozyme analysis of samples collected from thirty-three localities in guadalcanal, makira, malaita, temotu and western provinces in the solomon islands and six localities on efate, espiritu santo, maewo and malekula islands in vanuatu. three of these species are members of the an.farauti complex. a key is given to identify five species of the an.punctulatus group known to occur in the solom ... | 1994 | 7841489 |
| microscopic visualization of wuchereria and brugia larval stages in intact cleared mosquitoes. | over the past several decades, epidemiologic data from filarial vectors typically has been obtained by mass dissection or by dissection of individual specimens. the former is quick and easy to do on large numbers of insects but provides no information on the frequency distribution of infection, presence of early developmental stages, or larval location; the latter is labor-intensive and tedious. we describe a new technique that can provide data comparable to those obtained by individual dissecti ... | 1994 | 7943576 |
| dna probes for identifying the members of the anopheles punctulatus complex in papua new guinea. | genomic dna probes were made for five members of the anopheles punctulatus complex of mosquitoes found in papua new guinea. specific dna probes were developed for an. punctulatus, an. koliensis, and three sibling species, an. farauti no. 4, an. farauti no. 5, and an. farauti no. 6, by differentially screening total genomic dna libraries of individual species and sibling species with homologous dna against heterologous dna labeled with 32p. probes ranged from 273 to 630 bp. identification of spec ... | 1994 | 8116817 |
| allozyme analysis reveals six species within the anopheles punctulatus complex of mosquitoes in papua new guinea. | among samples collected from nineteen localities in papua new guinea, we have identified six species within the anopheles punctulatus complex of mosquitoes, by means of cellulose acetate allozyme electrophoresis. an.punctulatus dönitz sensu stricto was collected from seven villages in the madang area and from buksak, sausi mission and an area 18 km sw of tari; an.koliensis owen from eight villages in the madang area, from popondetta and brown river near karema; and an.farauti no. 1 from ten coas ... | 1993 | 8435487 |
| electrophoretic keys to identify members of the anopheles punctulatus complex of vector mosquitoes in papua new guinea. | electrophoretic keys are given for the six species of the anopheles punctulatus complex (diptera: culicidae) known from papua new guinea plus an.farauti no. 2 and no. 3 from australia. the categories 'faster', 'standard' and 'slower' are used in keys to relate allozyme band migration following cellulose acetate electrophoresis to the standard pattern. alternative keys are given depending on the availability of different species for use as standards. | 1993 | 8435488 |
| filarial vector studies in a diethylcarbamazine-treated and in untreated villages in papua new guinea. | entomological studies were undertaken in three villages in the east sepik province of papua new guinea. the inhabitants of one village, nanaha, had been treated with diethylcarbamazine (dec) to reduce the prevalence and density of microfilaraemia of wuchereria bancrofti. no intervention was undertaken in the other two villages, yauatong and musenau, in which bancroftian filariasis was present but with markedly different human prevalence rates and mean parasite densities. in yauatong, infection r ... | 1995 | 8544229 |
| dna probes for the anopheles punctulatus complex. | genomic dna probes were made for two recently identified members of the anopheles punctulatus complex; anopheles sp. near punctulatus from papua new guinea and anopheles farauti no. 7 from the solomon islands. the probes are species-specific and with the use of 32p labeling sensitive enough so that a squash blot of only a small segment of the mosquito is required for identification. the 119-basepair (bp) probe for an. sp. near punctulatus and the 1,106-bp probe for an. farauti no. 7 have been se ... | 1996 | 8615454 |
| transmission dynamics of wuchereria bancrofti in east sepik province, papua new guinea. | bancroftian filariasis is endemic in many areas of papua new guinea. this study describes the entomologic indices of transmission near dreikikir in east sepik province, papua new guinea. a total of 1,735 culicine mosquitoes, including culex and mansonia species, were dissected, but none were infected with filarial larvae. in contrast, anopheles punctulatus and an. koliensis were found to be potential vectors: 7.3% of anopheles were infected and the mean number of first- to third-stage larvae per ... | 1996 | 8686774 |
| malaria transmission by anopheles punctulatus in the highlands of irian jaya, indonesia. | a 21-month (1991-1992) assessment of malaria and the relative contribution of anopheles punctulatus and an. koliensis to its transmission was conducted in oksibil, a highland community in irian jaya, indonesia. nearly all (98%) of the 2577 anopheles from indoor or outdoor human-landing collections were an. punctulatus. nineteen (0.75%) of the 2518 an. punctulatus tested were positive when tested for malaria circumsporozoite protein (csp) by elisa: nine (45% of positives) for plasmodium vivax-210 ... | 1996 | 8729625 |
| malaria parasites enhance blood-feeding of their naturally infected vector anopheles punctulatus. | we investigated the blood-feeding behaviour of a natural population of the human-feeding mosquito anopheles punctulatus in iguruwe, papua new guinea. in particular we investigated the relationship between the mosquitoes' blood-feeding behaviour and their infection by the malaria parasites plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. female mosquitoes were caught at 4 times of the night, the amount of blood they had obtained was measured and their status of infection was evaluated. among uninfected mosqui ... | 1996 | 8760311 |
| systematics of mosquito disease vectors (diptera, culicidae): impact of molecular biology and cladistic analysis. | the field of medical entomology, by nature of its association with problems of human health, has been conservative in its application of molecular and computer technologies to systematic research. recently, however, these methods have opened new interpretations for systematics of disease vectors. medically important insects, particularly mosquitoes, are among those more thoroughly described by conventional taxonomy, and thereby provide a secure framework for testing congruencies with molecular d ... | 1997 | 9017898 |
| transmission intensity and its relationship to infection and disease due to wuchereria bancrofti in papua new guinea. | this study describes the relationship between transmission intensity and infection and disease due to wuchereria bancrofti in an endemic area of papua new guinea. the prevalence of microfilaremia in the entire study population was 66%. of 1892 persons examined, 6.2% and 12.3% had lymphedema of the legs and hydroceles, respectively. the prevalences of microfilaremia and clinical morbidity were lowest in persons <20 years old and increased progressively with age. annual transmission potential and ... | 1997 | 9207373 |
| temporal variation of the merozoite surface protein-2 gene of plasmodium falciparum. | extensive polymorphism of key parasite antigens is likely to hamper the effectiveness of subunit vaccines against plasmodium falciparum infection. however, little is known about the extent of the antigenic repertoire of naturally circulating strains in different areas where malaria is endemic. to address this question, we conducted a study in which blood samples were collected from parasitemic individuals living within a small hamlet in western irian jaya and subjected to pcr amplification using ... | 1998 | 9423864 |
| randomised community-based trial of annual single-dose diethylcarbamazine with or without ivermectin against wuchereria bancrofti infection in human beings and mosquitoes. | who has targeted lymphatic filariasis for elimination. studies of vector-parasite relations of wuchereria bancrofti suggest that a reduction in the microfilarial reservoir by mass chemotherapy may interrupt transmission and thereby eliminate infection. however, no field data exist on the impact of chemotherapy alone on vector efficiency and transmission intensity of w bancrofti. we compared the impact of an annual community-wide single-dose treatment with diethylcarbamazine alone or with ivermec ... | 1998 | 9449870 |
| health impact assessments of malaria and ross river virus infection in the southern highlands province of papua new guinea. | malaria at an elevation of 1050 metres is common and highly endemic in the tagari valley in the southern highlands of papua new guinea. health impact assessments showed that the risks of malaria and epidemic polyarthritis at a gasfield development project in this area were high. baseline malariometric surveys were conducted in four villages in june and august 1990 and two follow-up surveys (may and december 1991) were made in the village of nogolitogo near the gasfield pioneer base camp. a total ... | 1997 | 10365566 |
| dna sequence analysis of the ribosomal dna its2 region for the anopheles punctulatus group of mosquitoes. | the internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) from the ribosomal dna was sequenced and characterized for ten cryptic species in the anopheles punctulatus group, the members of which are major vectors of malaria and filariasis in the south-west pacific. the length of the its2 ranged from 549 bp to 565 bp and displayed levels of sequence variation ranging from 2.3% to 24.3% due mainly to indels of simple sequences. the gc content varied from 61.3% to 70.9%. these values were higher than those found in ... | 1999 | 10469255 |
| mass treatment with ivermectin for filariasis control in papua new guinea: impact on mosquito survival. | field studies were carried out to determine the impact of mass human treatment with ivermectin on the survival of anthropophagic mosquitoes of the anopheles punctulatus complex (diptera: culicidae), the vectors of lymphatic filariasis and malaria in papua new guinea. in a village where mass treatment had been given, using 400 microg/kg ivermectin plus 6 mg/kg diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec), we performed pre- and post-treatment collections of freshly blood-engorged mosquitoes from the same nine ... | 1999 | 10484157 |
| systematics of malaria vectors with particular reference to the anopheles punctulatus group. | the appearance of groups and complexes of closely related cryptic or sibling species in many of the anopheline taxa has impeded studies on malaria transmission and the evaluation of control strategies which have relied on morphological characters to identify the vector species involved. the advantages of morphological identification are low cost, speed and simplicity, which allow large numbers of specimens to be processed rapidly in the field. the need for accurate identification is crucial, as ... | 2000 | 10675739 |
| populations of the south-west pacific malaria vector anopheles farauti s.s. revealed by ribosomal dna transcribed spacer polymorphisms. | malaria in the south-west pacific is transmitted by members of the anopheles punctulatus group which comprises 12 cryptic species with overlapping morphology. the most widely distributed species of the group is anopheles farauti s.s. (an. farauti 1) found throughout northern australia, papua new guinea, eastern indonesia, the solomon islands and vanuatu. a study of the population structure of this species using pcr-rflp analysis on the ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer 1 reveals five gen ... | 2000 | 10762395 |
| a probability model of vector behavior: effects of ddt repellency, irritancy, and toxicity in malaria control. | a probability model of how ddt residues may function within a malaria control program is described. a step-wise organization of endophagic behaviors culminates in a vector acquiring a human blood meal inside the house. different vector behaviors are described, epidemiologically defined, temporally sequenced, and quantified with field data. components of vector behavior and the repellent, irritant, and toxic actions of insecticide residues are then assembled into a probability model. the sequence ... | 2000 | 10925797 |
| el niño and associated outbreaks of severe malaria in highland populations in irian jaya, indonesia: a review and epidemiological perspective. | perennial malaria is a major public health problem for most coastal, lowland and foothill populations in irian jaya (western new guinea), the largest and easternmost province of indonesia. malaria at higher elevations above 1,500 m is considered intermittent and highly unstable, providing a constant threat of epidemics. beginning in late august 1997, a significant increase of unexplained deaths was reported from the central highland district of jayawijaya. the alarming number of fatalities rapid ... | 1999 | 10928348 |
| differential ecology of anopheles punctulatus and three members of the anopheles farauti complex of mosquitoes on guadalcanal, solomon islands, identified by pcr-rflp analysis. | from a series of larval collections made across northern guadalcanal during the dry season, october-november 1997, four members of the anopheles punctulatus group of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were identified using pcr-rflp analysis. anopheline larvae were found in 54/57 (95%) of the sites sampled, comprising an. farauti laveran sensu stricto (32 sites), an. farauti species no. 2 (39 sites), an. farauti no. 7 (36 sites) and an. punctulatus dönitz (10 sites). anopheles punctulatus occurred o ... | 2000 | 11016439 |
| subset partitioning of the ribosomal dna small subunit and its effects on the phylogeny of the anopheles punctulatus group. | a phylogenetic study, based on maximum parsimony, of ten species in the anopheles punctulatus group of malaria vectors from the south-west pacific was performed using structural and similarity-based dna sequence alignments of the nuclear small ribosomal subunit (ssu = 18s). the structural alignment proved to be more informative than a computer generated similarity-based alignment. analyses involving the full structural sequence alignment (2169 bp) and the helical regions (1547 bp) resolved a sin ... | 2000 | 11029670 |
| application of a polymerase chain reaction-elisa to detect wuchereria bancrofti in pools of wild-caught anopheles punctulatus in a filariasis control area in papua new guinea. | chemotherapy-based eradication programs are aimed at stopping transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by its obligatory mosquito vector. this study compares one year post-treatment w. bancrofti infection rates of anopheles punctulatus, the main vector of lymphatic filariasis in papua new guinea, using traditional dissection techniques and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based elisa of a parasite-specific ssp i repeat. a total of 633 mosquitoes in 35 batches were dissected. six batches contained w ... | 2000 | 11037778 |
| rediscovery of anopheles (cellia) clowi (diptera: culicidae), a rarely recorded member of the anopheles punctulatus group. | anopheline specimens collected in papua new guinea were morphologically identified as the rarely recorded anopheles clowi rozeboom & knight. amplification of the rdna its2 region of this material revealed a fragment of 750 bp confirming its placement in the anopheles punctulatus group. this group contains 12 species and includes the major malaria vectors in the islands of the southwest pacific. digestion of the its2 with the restriction enzyme mspi produced restriction fragment-length polymorphi ... | 2000 | 11126538 |
| a phylogenetic study of the anopheles punctulatus group of malaria vectors comparing rdna sequence alignments derived from the mitochondrial and nuclear small ribosomal subunits. | a phylogenetic study of the members of the anopheles punctulatus group was performed using structural and similarity-based dna sequence alignments of the small ribosomal subunit (ssu) from both the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes. the mitochondrial ssu gene (12s, approximately 650 bp) proved to be highly restricted by its secondary structure and displayed little informative sequence variation. consequently, it was considered unsuitable for a phylogenetic study of these closely related mosq ... | 2000 | 11133197 |
| current status of malaria and potential for control. | malaria remains one of the world's worst health problems with 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths annually; these deaths are primarily among children under 5 years of age and pregnant women in sub-saharan africa. of significance, more people are dying from malaria today than 30 years ago. this review considers the factors which have contributed to this gloomy picture, including those which relate to the vector, the female anopheline mosquito; to human activity such as creating new mosquito breeding sites, ... | 2001 | 11148010 |
| a simplified model for predicting malaria entomologic inoculation rates based on entomologic and parasitologic parameters relevant to control. | malaria transmission intensity is modeled from the starting perspective of individual vector mosquitoes and is expressed directly as the entomologic inoculation rate (eir). the potential of individual mosquitoes to transmit malaria during their lifetime is presented graphically as a function of their feeding cycle length and survival, human biting preferences, and the parasite sporogonic incubation period. the eir is then calculated as the product of 1) the potential of individual vectors to tra ... | 2000 | 11289661 |
| the potential impact of integrated malaria transmission control on entomologic inoculation rate in highly endemic areas. | we have used a relatively simple but accurate model for predicting the impact of integrated transmission control on the malaria entomologic inoculation rate (eir) at four endemic sites from across sub-saharan africa and the southwest pacific. the simulated campaign incorporated modestly effective vaccine coverage, bed net use, and larval control. the results indicate that such campaigns would reduce eirs at all four sites by 30- to 50-fold. even without the vaccine, 15- to 25-fold reductions of ... | 2000 | 11289662 |
| the availability of potential hosts as a determinant of feeding behaviours and malaria transmission by african mosquito populations. | a simple model for the influence of host availability on vector bloodmeal choice is applied to estimate the relative availabilities of humans, cattle and other host populations to malaria vectors in african communities, using published human blood indices and ratios of cattle to humans. cattle were bitten < 0.01, 0.021 +/- 0.11, 1.61 +/- 0.16 and 1.61 +/- 0.46 times as often as humans by anopheles funestus, an. gambiae sensu stricto and an. arabiensis in segera, tanzania, and an. gambiae sensu l ... | 2001 | 11706651 |
| speciation and distribution of the members of the anopheles punctulatus (diptera: culicidae) group in papua new guinea. | mosquito collections were made throughout the mainland of papua new guinea to identify the members of the anopheles punctulatus group present and to determine their distribution. identification was made using morphology, dna hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-rflp analysis. nine members of the group were identified: an. farauti s.s. laveran, an. farauti 2, an. koliensis owen, and an. punctulatus dönitz, were common and widespread; an. farauti 4 was restricted to the north of the ... | 2002 | 11931251 |
| towards eliminating lymphatic filariasis in papua new guinea: impact of annual single-dose mass treatment on transmission of wuchereria bancrofti in east sepik province. | the impact of annual single-dose community-wide treatment on the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti was investigated in 5 villages in the east sepik province where pretreatment prevalence of microfilaraemia ranged from 34% to 73%. anopheles punctulatus and an. koliensis were the only carriers of the parasite. 3 villages received diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) in combination with ivermectin (ivr) and 2 received dec alone. the rate and intensity of microfilaraemia were both reduced in all 5 vi ... | 2000 | 11939298 |
| distribution and evolution of the anopheles punctulatus group (diptera: culicidae) in australia and papua new guinea. | the members of the anopheles punctulatus group are major vectors of malaria and bancroftian filariasis in the southwest pacific region. the group is comprised of 12 cryptic species that require dna-based tools for species identification. from 1984 to 1998 surveys were carried out in northern australia, papua new guinea and on islands in the southwest pacific to determine the distribution of the a. punctulatus group. the results of these surveys have now been completed and have generated distribu ... | 2002 | 11943229 |
| impact of untreated bednets on prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti transmitted by anopheles farauti in papua new guinea. | despite the growing evidence that insecticide-treated mosquito nets reduce malaria morbidity and mortality in a variety of epidemiological conditions, their value against lymphatic filariasis infection and disease is yet to be established. the impact of untreated bednets on the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) (nematoda: filarioidea) infection and disease was investigated on bagabag island in papua new guinea, where both malaria and filariasis are transmitted by the same vector mosqu ... | 2002 | 11963977 |
| malaria vectors on buka and bougainville islands, papua new guinea. | anophelines were sampled from 82 locations on buka and bougainville islands in papua new guinea by larval collections, carbon dioxide-baited mosquito traps, and human biting catches. anopheles farauti s.s. was collected in larval surveys but infrequently in mosquito traps on both islands; on buka island this species was readily collected in human biting catches. anopheles farauti 2 was commonly collected in larval surveys on both islands; however, it was not collected in either mosquito traps or ... | 2002 | 12083350 |
| host-specific cues cause differential attractiveness of kenyan men to the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | many studies have suggested that variability in the attractiveness of humans to host-seeking mosquitoes is caused by differences in the make-up of body emanations, and olfactory signals in particular. most investigations have either been laboratory-based, utilising odour obtained from sections of the body, or have been done in the field with sampling methods that do not discriminate between visual, physical and chemical cues of the host. accordingly, evidence for differential attractiveness base ... | 2002 | 12513703 |
| the application of geographical information systems to important public health problems in africa. | africa is generally held to be in crisis, and the quality of life for the majority of the continent's inhabitants has been declining in both relative and absolute terms. in addition, the majority of the world's disease burden is realised in africa. geographical information systems (gis) technology, therefore, is a tool of great inherent potential for health research and management in africa. the spatial modelling capacity offered by gis is directly applicable to understanding the spatial variati ... | 2002 | 12537589 |
| lymphatic filariasis in papua new guinea: prospects for elimination. | lymphatic filariasis is a significant public health problem in several pacific island countries. papua new guinea is one of the most populous countries in this region, and 39% of its residents are estimated to be infected with wuchereria bancrofti. the ministries of health of the 22 islands and territories in the pacific region are committed to taking action against lymphatic filariasis. accordingly, a regional collaborative effort aimed at the control of filariasis has been organized under the ... | 2003 | 12592558 |
| geographical structure of diversity and differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic infections for plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate ama1. | plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (ama1) is a prime malaria vaccine candidate. antigenic diversity within parasite populations is one of the main factors potentially limiting the efficacy of any asexual-stage vaccine, including one based on ama1. the dna coding for the most variable region of this antigen, domain i, was sequenced in 168 samples from the wosera region of papua new guinea, including samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. neutrality tests applied to the ... | 2003 | 12595459 |
| pcr and mosquito dissection as tools to monitor filarial infection levels following mass treatment. | background: entomological methods may provide important tools for monitoring the progress of lymphatic filariasis elimination programs. in this study, we compared dissection of the vector, culex quinquefasciatus, with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to assess filarial infection levels in mosquitoes in the context of a lymphatic filariasis elimination program in leogane, haiti. methods: mosquitoes were collected using gravid traps located in 4 sentinel communities with wuchereria bancrofti mi ... | 2003 | 12890288 |
| complex patterns of malaria epidemiology in the highlands region of papua new guinea. | a cross-sectional malaria survey of the pabrabuk area in the western highlands province found that all 4 human malaria species were present in a single village, with an overall parasite prevalence rate of 27%. plasmodium falciparum was the most frequently detected infection (14%) followed by p. vivax (11%), p. malariae (5%) and p. ovale (3%). 10 of the 51 infections were mixed. anopheles punctulatus was the most frequent vector species in the area, but both an. farauti no. 6 and an. karwari were ... | 2002 | 12968790 |
| a pilot project of residual-insecticide spraying to control malaria transmitted by the anopheles punctulatus group in netherlands new guinea. | the authors report on preliminary observations carried out in three experimental houses in netherlands new guinea, the object of which was to determine whether residual spraying with insecticides might be expected to give good results in the control of malaria transmitted by mosquitos of the anopheles punctulatus group and by a. karwari. one house was sprayed with ddt, another with dieldrin, and the third was left unsprayed. from the kills recorded of mosquitos entering these houses at night it ... | 0 | 13209312 |
| a pilot project of residual-insecticide spraying to control malaria transmitted by the anopheles punctulatus group in netherlands new guinea. | 1956 | 13381872 | |
| spatial variation of anopheles-transmitted wuchereria bancrofti and plasmodium falciparum infection densities in papua new guinea. | the spatial variation of wuchereria bancrofti and plasmodium falciparum infection densities was measured in a rural area of papua new guinea where they share anopheline vectors. the spatial correlation of w. bancrofti was found to reduce by half over an estimated distance of 1.7 km, much smaller than the 50 km grid used by the world health organization rapid mapping method. for p. falciparum, negligible spatial correlation was found. after mass treatment with anti-filarial drugs, there was negli ... | 2003 | 14525619 |
| ecological distribution of mosquito larvae of the anopheles punctulatus group on niolam (lihir) island, papua new guinea. | we surveyed the larval habitats of members of the anopheles punctulatus group of mosquitoes on niolam (lihir) island, papua new guinea. identification of this group was undertaken by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the amplified internal transcribed spacer unit 2 of rdna, because morphologic separation of member species is unreliable. the most widespread malaria vector species and their most common larval habitats were identified to aid source-reduc ... | 2001 | 14529085 |
| zooprophylaxis or zoopotentiation: the outcome of introducing animals on vector transmission is highly dependent on the mosquito mortality while searching. | zooprophylaxis, the diversion of disease carrying insects from humans to animals, may reduce transmission of diseases such as malaria. however, as the number of animals increases, improved availability of blood meals may increase mosquito survival, thereby countering the impact of diverting feeds. | 2003 | 14565850 |
| a morphological study of the anopheles punctulatus group (diptera: culicidae) in the solomon islands, with a description of anopheles (cellia) irenicus schmidt, sp.n. | a description of anopheles (cellia) irenicus schmidt, sp.n. (formerly a. farauti no. 7) is provided. this species is one of six recorded from the solomon islands within the a. punctulatus group, which contains the major vectors of the causative agents of malaria and lymphatic filariasis in the southwest pacific. morphological markers are described for adult females, fourth-instar larvae and pupae that identify most specimens of a. irenicus. keys are presented to distinguish members of the a. pun ... | 2003 | 14704098 |
| mosquito appetite for blood is stimulated by plasmodium chabaudi infections in themselves and their vertebrate hosts. | arthropod vectors of disease may encounter more than one infected host during the course of their lifetime. the consequences of super-infection to parasite development are rarely investigated, but may have substantial epidemiological and evolutionary consequences. | 2004 | 15151700 |
| polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and the changing pattern of vector ecology and malaria transmission dynamics in papua new guinea. | the ecology and behavior of most of the 11 known members of the anopheles punctulatus group remain unresolved and only the morphologic species an. farauti, an. koliensis, and an. punctulatus are known as vectors of malaria in papua new guinea. of 1,582 mosquitoes examined morphologically, 737 were identified as an. farauti s.l., 719 as an. koliensis, and 126 as an. punctulatus. all specimens identified morphologically as an. punctulatus were shown to be an. punctulatus by polymerase chain reacti ... | 2004 | 15381806 |
| are insecticide-treated bednets more protective against plasmodium falciparum than plasmodium vivax-infected mosquitoes? | the outcomes of insecticide-treated bednet (itn) interventions for malaria control in papua new guinea tend to suggest a differential protective effect against plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. little is known about the impact of itns on the relative abundance of mosquitoes infected with either p. falciparum or p. vivax. this paper describes the biting cycle of p. falciparum and p. vivax-infected mosquitoes and the impact of an itn intervention on the proportion of mosquitoes infected ... | 2006 | 16504027 |
| a real-time pcr-based assay for detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna in blood and mosquitoes. | we developed and evaluated real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays for detecting wuchereria bancrofti dna in human blood and in mosquitoes. an assay based on detection of the w. bancrofti "ldr" repeat dna sequence was more sensitive than an assay for wolbachia 16s rdna. the ldr-based assay was sensitive for detecting microfilarial dna on dried membrane filters or on filter paper. we also compared real-time pcr with conventional pcr (c-pcr) for detecting w. bancrofti dna in mosquito samp ... | 2006 | 16687688 |
| the argument for integrating vector control with multiple drug administration campaigns to ensure elimination of lymphatic filariasis. | there is a danger that mass drug administration campaigns may fail to maintain adequate treatment coverage to achieve lymphatic filariasis elimination. hence, additional measures to suppress transmission might be needed to ensure the success of the global program for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis. | 2006 | 16914040 |
| the anopheline fauna of papua new guinea. | surveys for anopheline mosquitoes were conducted throughout the mainland of papua new guinea from 1992 to 1998 with the aim of mapping the distribution of the anopheline fauna. larval collections, adult trap, and human landing collections indicated the presence of seven species (other than those belonging to the anopheles punctulatus group); these were an. bancroftii, an. annulipes, an, karwari, an. longirostris, an. meraukensis, an. novaguinensis, and an. subpictus. the distribution and ecology ... | 2006 | 17019766 |
| host choice and human blood index of anopheles pseudopunctipennis in a village of the andean valleys of bolivia. | the human blood index (hbi, proportion of bloodmeals of a mosquito population obtained from man) is relevant to epidemiological assessment and to the modification of measures to interrupt malaria transmission since the vectorial capacity of the vector varies as the square of the hbi. anopheles pseudopunctipennis is a main malaria vector in south america. unfortunately, few data exist concerning hbi values in its range of distribution and none from bolivia where this species is considered as an i ... | 2007 | 17241459 |
| an elaborated feeding cycle model for reductions in vectorial capacity of night-biting mosquitoes by insecticide-treated nets. | insecticide treated nets (itns) are an important tool for malaria control. itns are effective because they work on several parts of the mosquito feeding cycle, including both adult killing and repelling effects. | 2007 | 17254339 |
| revisiting the basic reproductive number for malaria and its implications for malaria control. | the prospects for the success of malaria control depend, in part, on the basic reproductive number for malaria, r0. here, we estimate r0 in a novel way for 121 african populations, and thereby increase the number of r0 estimates for malaria by an order of magnitude. the estimates range from around one to more than 3,000. we also consider malaria transmission and control in finite human populations, of size h. we show that classic formulas approximate the expected number of mosquitoes that could ... | 2007 | 17311470 |
| persistence of brugia malayi dna in vector and non-vector mosquitoes: implications for xenomonitoring and transmission monitoring of lymphatic filariasis. | xenomonitoring (detection of filarial larvae or their dna in mosquitoes) is a sensitive marker for assessing the endemicity of filariasis and a useful tool for evaluating elimination programs. to examine the fate of microfilariae (mf) and filarial dna in vector competent and non-competent mosquito strains, we compared the detection of brugia malayi parasites by dissection and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in three different mosquito strains. we conclude that pcr is mu ... | 2007 | 17360875 |
| dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artesunate-amodiaquine: superior efficacy and posttreatment prophylaxis against multidrug-resistant plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria. | antimalarial drug resistance is now well established in both plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. in southern papua, indonesia, where both strains of plasmodia coexist, we have been conducting a series of studies to optimize treatment strategies. | 2007 | 17366451 |
| population genomics of the immune evasion (var) genes of plasmodium falciparum. | var genes encode the major surface antigen (pfemp1) of the blood stages of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. differential expression of up to 60 diverse var genes in each parasite genome underlies immune evasion. we compared the diversity of the dblalpha domain of var genes sampled from 30 parasite isolates from a malaria endemic area of papua new guinea (png) and 59 from widespread geographic origins (global). overall, we obtained over 8,000 quality-controlled dblalpha sequences ... | 2007 | 17367208 |
| multiply infected vectors. | 2007 | 17403941 | |
| "sexual" population structure and genetics of the malaria agent p. falciparum. | the population genetics and structure of p. falciparum determine the rate at which malaria evolves in response to interventions such as drugs and vaccines. this has been the source of considerable recent controversy, but here we demonstrate the organism to be essentially sexual, in an area of moderately high transmission in the lower shire valley, malawi. seven thousand mosquitoes were collected and dissected, and genetic data were obtained on 190 oocysts from 56 infected midguts. the oocysts we ... | 2007 | 17637829 |
| population structure and gene flow of anopheles farauti s.s. (diptera: culicidae) among ten sites on five islands of vanuatu: implications for malaria control. | the anopheles punctulatus (diptera: culicidae) group is the main vector for malaria and bancroftian filariasis in vanuatu. anopheles larvae were collected from 10 localities on five islands of vanuatu during the 2004 dry season for species identification as well as for estimating population structure and gene flow within and among islands. species identification was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 r ... | 2007 | 17695014 |
| monitoring lymphatic filariasis interventions: adult mosquito sampling, and improved pcr - based pool screening method for wuchereria bancrofti infection in anopheles mosquitoes. | monitoring and evaluation are essential to the successful implementation of mass drug administration programmes for lf elimination. monitoring transmission when it is low requires both large numbers of mosquito vectors and sensitive methods for detecting wuchereria bancrofti infections in them. pcr-based methods are preferred over classical dissections but the best protocol so far achieved detection of one l3 wuchereria bancrofti larva in a pool of 35-50 anopheles mosquitoes. it also lacks consi ... | 2007 | 18047647 |
| contributions of different mosquito species to the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in central nigeria: implications for monitoring infection by pcr in mosquito pools. | members of the anopheles gambiae complex are important vectors of lymphatic filariasis (lf) in sub-saharan africa, but little is known about the relative contributions of all mosquitoes to lymphatic filariasis transmission in this area. | 2007 | 18047673 |
| laboratory breeding of anopheles punctulatus punctulatus, dönitz. | 1949 | 18130375 | |
| the association between distance to water pipes and water bodies positive for anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in the urban community of malindi, kenya. | the increasing risk of mosquito-borne diseases in african urban environments has been partly attributed to failed planning and resource underdevelopment. though engineered systems may reduce mosquito proliferation, there are few studies describing this relationship. this study investigates how engineered systems such as roads and piped water systems affect the odds of anopheline immatures (i.e., larvae and pupae) occurring in water bodies located in malindi, kenya. anopheles gambiae s.s. (giles) ... | 2007 | 18260524 |
| host choice and multiple blood feeding behaviour of malaria vectors and other anophelines in mwea rice scheme, kenya. | studies were conducted between april 2004 and february 2006 to determine the blood-feeding pattern of anopheles mosquitoes in mwea kenya. | 2008 | 18312667 |
| adverse pregnancy outcomes in an area where multidrug-resistant plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum infections are endemic. | plasmodium falciparum infection exerts a considerable burden on pregnant women, but less is known about the adverse consequences of plasmodium vivax infection. | 2008 | 18419439 |
| natural relapses in vivax malaria induced by anopheles mosquitoes. | monthly malaria cases in finland during 1750-1850 revealed regionally different peaks. the main peak was in late spring in the whole country, but additional peaks occurred in august and december in some regions of finland. both primary infections and relapses caused deaths from malaria. the cause and timing of relapses are analysed. | 2008 | 18430203 |
| a physiological time analysis of the duration of the gonotrophic cycle of anopheles pseudopunctipennis and its implications for malaria transmission in bolivia. | the length of the gonotrophic cycle varies the vectorial capacity of a mosquito vector and therefore its exact estimation is important in epidemiological modelling. because the gonotrophic cycle length depends on temperature, its estimation can be satisfactorily computed by means of physiological time analysis. | 2008 | 18655724 |
| malaria morbidity in papua indonesia, an area with multidrug resistant plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum. | multidrug resistance has emerged to both plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum and yet the comparative epidemiology of these infections is poorly defined. | 2008 | 18673572 |
| a qpcr-based multiplex assay for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti, plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax dna. | the purpose of this study was to develop real-time multiplex quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays for the simultaneous detection of wuchereria bancrofti (wb), plasmodium falciparum (pf) and p. vivax (pv) in mosquitoes. we optimized the assays with purified dna samples and then used these assays to test dna samples isolated from anopheles punctulatus mosquitoes collected in villages in papua new guinea where these infections are co-endemic. singleplex assays detected wb, pf and pv dna in 32%, 19% and 1 ... | 2009 | 18801545 |
| genetic diversity in two sibling species of the anopheles punctulatus group of mosquitoes on guadalcanal in the solomon islands. | the mosquito anopheles irenicus, a member of the anopheles punctulatus group, is geographically restricted to guadalcanal in the solomon islands. it shows remarkable morphological similarities to one of its sibling species, an. farauti sensu stricto (an. farauti s.s.), but is dissimilar in host and habitat preferences. to infer the genetic variations between these two species, we have analyzed mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit ii (coii) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 ... | 2008 | 19025663 |
| the impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole on bancroftian filariasis in papua new guinea. | this study employed various monitoring methods to assess the impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration (mda) on bancroftian filariasis in papua new guinea, which has the largest filariasis problem in the pacific region. | 2008 | 19065257 |
| global warming and malaria: knowing the horse before hitching the cart. | speculations on the potential impact of climate change on human health frequently focus on malaria. predictions are common that in the coming decades, tens - even hundreds - of millions more cases will occur in regions where the disease is already present, and that transmission will extend to higher latitudes and altitudes. such predictions, sometimes supported by simple models, are persuasive because they are intuitive, but they sidestep factors that are key to the transmission and epidemiology ... | 2008 | 19091037 |
| in vivo and in vitro efficacy of amodiaquine monotherapy for treatment of infection by chloroquine-resistant plasmodium vivax. | amodiaquine retains efficacy against infection by chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum; however, little information is available on its efficacy against infection by chloroquine-resistant plasmodium vivax. patients presenting to a rural clinic with a pure p. vivax infection that recurred after recent antimalarial treatment were retreated, this time with amodiaquine monotherapy, and the risk of further recurrence within 4 weeks was assessed. of the 87 patients with pure p. vivax infection, ... | 2009 | 19104023 |
| internal repetition and intraindividual variation in the rdna its1 of the anopheles punctulatus group (diptera: culicidae): multiple units and rates of turnover. | the rapid divergence of repetitive sequences makes them desirable markers for phylogenetic studies of closely related groups, provided that a high level of sequence homogeneity has been maintained within species. intraspecific polymorphisms are found in an increasing number of studies now, and this highlights the need to determine why these occur. in this study we examined intraindividual variation present in the first ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its1) from a group of cryptic mosquito ... | 2009 | 19123014 |
| micro-geographic risk factors for malarial infection. | knowledge of geography is integral to the study of insect-borne infectious disease such as malaria. this study was designed to evaluate whether geographic parameters are associated with malarial infection in the east sepik province of papua new guinea (png), a remote area where malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. | 2009 | 19216781 |