Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| an account of the ticks of the northeastern of spain (acarina: ixodidae). | the tick species commonly collected at the northeast of spain are reported in this paper. data on hosts, temperature and humidity requirements, vegetation relationships, altitudinal distribution, and seasonal activity are included. r. sanguineus is commonly collected in areas with mediterranean vegetation, esteppe, and semi-desertic esteppe, ranging from 190 to 1,000 meters above the sea level. r. sanguineus is related with sparse vegetal areas, and it is absent from areas with dense shrub or fo ... | 1992 | 1290375 |
| isolation of functional rna from plant tissues rich in phenolic compounds. | a method for the isolation of rna from different tissues of trees (seedlings, saplings, and adult trees) is described. using this procedure it is possible to remove large amounts of disturbing polyphenolic compounds from nucleic acids. the method involves an acetone treatment of the freeze-dried and powdered plant material, the use of high salt concentrations in the extraction buffer and an aqueous two-phase system. these steps were combined with the conventional phenol/chloroform extraction and ... | 1991 | 1719845 |
| induction kinetics of delayed fluorescence of sun and shade leaves of fagus sylvatica in the ms-range. | induction kinetics of luminescence (= delayed chlorophyll fluorescence or delayed light emission) were measured with sun and shade leaves of a tall beech tree (fagus sylvatica 'pendula', weeping beech). the kinetics detected in the ms-range are contrasted for the upper and the lower leaf side. the influence of the following parameters is demonstrated: time of dark-adaptation prior to the measurement, intensity of the excitation light and photoinhibitory treatment. the effects are discussed with ... | 1990 | 2339196 |
| [lignin contents of the cell walls in sun and shade leaves of the copper beech (fagus sylvatica l. cv. atropunicea)]. | 1966 | 5983885 | |
| bacterial degradation of lignified wood cell walls in anaerobic aquatic habitats. | test blocks of beech (fagus sylvatica) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris) were buried in fresh, brackish, and seawater anaerobic muds for periods ranging between 1 and 18 months. at appropriate time intervals the test blocks were recovered and examined for changes in weight and for bacterial attack of lignified wood cell walls. only small weight losses occurred. scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that there was extensive superficial bacterial erosion of beech wood cell walls. the decay ... | 1983 | 6639026 |
| the relationship between acetyl content and sugar composition in expanding leaves of beech (fagus sylvatica l.). | samples of beech (fagus sylvatica) leaves were taken from the time of leaf emergence until leaf fall. they were extracted with boiling aqueous ethanol and the residues analysed for their acetyl-group content and their content of sugars released by acid hydrolysis. the accumulation of acetyl groups closely paralled that of xylose, and the two were present in approximately equimolecular proportions, except during the period of leaf expansion, when the acetyl-group/xylose ratio exceeded 3:2. the ga ... | 1980 | 7396822 |
| transcripts of a gene, encoding a small gtp-binding protein from fagus sylvatica, are induced by aba and accumulated in the embryonic axis of dormant seeds. | a cdna clone was selected from a cdna library constructed using mrna from aba-treated fagus sylvatica l dormant seeds as a template. the clone is highly expressed in the presence of aba and tends to disappear in stratified seeds. a search of sequence databases showed that the clone encodes a small gtp-binding protein. by means of in situ hybridization, the mrna has been located in the apical meristem of the embryonic axis and in the central vascular cylinder. its possible involvement in growth r ... | 1998 | 9484489 |
| the expression of an abscisic acid-responsive glycine-rich protein coincides with the level of seed dormancy in fagus sylvatica. | by differential screening of a cdna library constructed from poly (a+) rna of aba-treated seeds of fagus sylvatica l., we have isolated an aba-responsive clone that is present in dormant seeds and under conditions that maintain dormancy, but it tends to disappear under conditions breaking seed dormancy. a search of the sequence data bases showed that the clone codes for a glycine-rich protein and has sequence similarity to rna-binding proteins. the clone, which exibits the characteristics of lea ... | 1997 | 9522463 |
| comparative phylogeography and postglacial colonization routes in europe. | the quaternary cold periods in europe are thought to have heavily influenced the amount and distribution of intraspecific genetic variation in both animals and plants. the phylogeographies of 10 taxa, including mammals (ursus arctos, sorex spp., crocidura suaveolens, arvicola spp.), amphibians (triturus spp.), arthropods (chorthippus parallelus), and plants (abies alba, picea abies, fagus sylvatica, quercus spp.), were analysed to elucidate general trends across europe. only a small degree of co ... | 1998 | 9628000 |
| cambium pre-activation in beech correlates with a strong temporary increase of calcium in cambium and phloem but not in xylem cells. | using secondary ion mass spectrometry (sims), calcium was imaged in cambium cells and in the adjacent secondary phloem and xylem cells during the different phases of cambium functioning in beech (fagus sylvatica l.). at the end of the period of quiescence, immediately before the resumption of cell divisions (i.e. at the cambium pre-activation phase), a strong temporary increase of calcium concentration was observed to take place in cambium and phloem but not in xylem cells. | 1998 | 9883274 |
| influence of the moisture content on the composition of the liquid smoke produced in the pyrolysis process of fagus sylvatica l. wood. | the pyrolysis of several samples of sawdust of fagus sylvatica l. wood with different moisture contents was carried out, keeping all other smoke generation parameters constant. however, parameters such as smoke production length and maximum temperature reached were affected by the moisture content of the sample and varied in the different pyrolytic runs. the acidity and the composition of the liquid smokes obtained were determined, this latter by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and ... | 1999 | 10552778 |
| high genetic diversity in a population of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete laccaria amethystina in a 150-year-old beech forest | the genetic structure of a population of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete laccaria amethystina (bolt. ex hooker) murr. was assessed in a closed 150-year-old beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forest in the vosges mountains in northeastern france. during the autumn of 1994 and 1997, sporophores were collected from three 100-m2 sampling plots located along a 120-m transect crossing the beech stand. the genetic variation of 676 sporophores was initially estimated using heteroduplex analysis of the ribosom ... | 1999 | 10632852 |
| genetic variation of european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) along an altitudinal transect at mount vogelsberg in hesse, germany. | allelic and genotypic variation at 13 different enzyme loci of autochthonous european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) was investigated in six 110-160-year-old stands growing at elevations between 150 and 660 m above sea level on the western slope of mount vogelsberg in central germany. the highest elevated population showed the highest number of effective alleles (ne), the highest total heterozygosity (he) and the highest population differentiation deltat. also, the genotype skd-a2a3 of shikimate deh ... | 2000 | 10972774 |
| retention index database for identification of general green leaf volatiles in plants by coupled capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | a series of ubiquitously occurring saturated and monounsaturated six-carbon aldehydes, alcohols and esters thereof is summarised as 'green leaf volatiles' (glvs). the present study gives a comprehensive data collection of retention indices of 35 glvs on commonly used non-polar db-5, mid-polar db-1701, and polar db-wax stationary phases. seventeen commercially not available compounds were synthesised. thus, the present study allows reliable identification of most known glv in natural plant volati ... | 2000 | 11009035 |
| a dual 13c and 15n long-term labelling technique to investigate uptake and translocation of c and n in beech (fagus sylvatica l.). | a continuous dual 13co2 and 15nh4(15)no3 labelling experimental set-up is presented that was used to investigate the c and n uptake and allocation within 3-year old beech (fagus sylvatica l.) during one growing season. the c and n allocation pattern was determined after six, twelve and eighteen weeks of growth. the carbon uptake was distinctly different in the three phases examined: the first six weeks after budbreak were dedicated to leaf growth with a r/s (root to shoot) ratio of 0.14 for the ... | 2000 | 11022326 |
| winter north atlantic oscillation effects on the tree rings of the italian beech (fagus sylvatica l.). | climatic signals in beech tree-ring width series from central italy have been studied over different periods of time. prewhitened tree-ring chronologies respond mainly to summer precipitation and they do not correlate in a significant manner with the winter north atlantic oscillation (nao) index. in this high-frequency pattern the nao signs are only found on a small number of rings characterized by being very narrow or wide. by contrast, tree-ring width chronologies in which all the frequency co ... | 2000 | 11049000 |
| diverging trends between heterozygosity and allelic richness during postglacial colonization in the european beech. | variation at 12 polymorphic isozyme loci was studied in the european beech on the basis of an extensive sample of 389 populations distributed throughout the species range. special emphasis was given to the analysis of the pattern of geographic variation on the basis of two contrasting measures of genetic diversity, gene diversity (h) and allelic richness, and to their relationship. measures of allelic richness were corrected for variation in sample size by using the rarefaction method. as expect ... | 2001 | 11139519 |
| ozone exposure thresholds and foliar injury on forest plants in switzerland. | canton ticino in southern switzerland is exposed to some of the highest concentrations of tropospheric ozone in europe. during recent field surveys in canton ticino, foliar symptoms identical to those caused by ozone have been documented on native tree and shrub species. in europe, the critical ozone level for forest trees has been defined at an aot40 of 10 ppm.h o3 (10 ppm.h accumulated exposure of ozone over a threshold of 40 ppb) during daylight hours over a six-month growing season. the obje ... | 2001 | 11202736 |
| mechanisms of xylem recovery from winter embolism in fagus sylvatica. | hydraulic conductivity in the terminal branches of mature beech trees (fagus sylvatica l.) decreased progressively during winter and recovered in the spring. the objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms involved in recovery. two periods of recovery were identified. the first recovery of hydraulic conductivity occurred early in the spring, before bud break, and was correlated with the occurrence of positive xylem pressure at the base of the tree trunk. active refilling of the embol ... | 2001 | 11260821 |
| temperature response of leaf photosynthetic capacity in seedlings from seven temperate tree species. | seedlings of seven temperate tree species (acer pseudoplatanus l., betula pendula roth, fagus sylvatica l., fraxinus excelsior l., juglans regia l., quercus petraea matt. liebl. and quercus robur l.) were grown in a nursery under neutral filters transmitting 45% of incident global irradiance. during the second or third year of growth, leaf photosynthetic capacity (i.e., maximal carboxylation rate, vcmax, maximal photosynthetic electron transport rate, jmax, and dark respiration, rd) was estimate ... | 2001 | 11276416 |
| influence of tree internal n status on uptake and translocation of c and n in beech: a dual 13c and 15n labeling approach. | influence of plant internal nitrogen (n) stocks on carbon (c) and n uptake and allocation in 3-year-old beech (fagus sylvatica l.) was studied in two 15n- and 13c-labeling experiments. in the first experiment, trees were grown in sand and received either no n nutrition (-n treatment) or 4 mm unlabeled n (+n treatment) for 1 year. the -n- and +n-pretreated trees were then supplied with 4 mm 15n and grown in a 13co2 atmosphere for 24 weeks. in the second experiment, trees were pretreated with 4 mm ... | 2001 | 11282579 |
| a new protein phosphatase 2c (fspp2c1) induced by abscisic acid is specifically expressed in dormant beechnut seeds. | an abscisic acid (aba)-induced cdna fragment encoding a putative protein phosphatase 2c (pp2c) was obtained by means of differential reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction approach. the full-length clone was isolated from a cdna library constructed using mrna from aba-treated beechnut (fagus sylvatica) seeds. this clone presents all the features of plant type pp2c and exhibits homology to members of this family such as athpp2ca (61%), abi1 (48%), or abi2 (47%), therefore it was named fs ... | 2001 | 11299374 |
| seasonal dynamics of soil carbon dioxide efflux and simulated rhizosphere respiration in a beech forest. | respiration of the rhizosphere in a beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forest was calculated by subtracting microbial respiration associated with organic matter decomposition from daily mean soil co2 efflux. we used a semi-mechanistic soil organic matter model to simulate microbial respiration, which was validated against "no roots" data from trenched subplots. rhizosphere respiration exhibited pronounced seasonal variation from 0.2 g c m(-2) day(-1) in january to 2.3 g c m(-2) day(-1) in july. rhizosph ... | 2001 | 11303645 |
| fate of nitrogen released from 15n-labeled litter in european beech forests. | the decomposition and fate of 15n-labeled beech litter was monitored in three european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forests (aubure, france; ebrach, germany; and collelongo, italy) for 3 years. circular plots around single beech trees were isolated from roots of neighboring trees by soil trenching, and annual litterfall was replaced by 15n-labeled litter. nitrogen was continuously released from the decomposing litter. however, over a 2-year period, this release was balanced by the incorporation of ... | 2001 | 11303646 |
| glacial refugia: sanctuaries for allelic richness, but not for gene diversity. | glacial refugia are generally expected to harbor higher levels of genetic diversity than are areas that have been colonized after the retreat of the glaciers because colonization often involves only a few individuals. a new paper by comps et al. challenges this expectation by demonstrating a more complex situation in the european beech fagus sylvatica, for which some measures of genetic diversity are higher in newly colonized areas than in refugia. the key to understanding this counter-intuitive ... | 2001 | 11369091 |
| variation of gas exchange within native plant species of switzerland and relationships with ozone injury: an open-top experiment. | gas exchange and ozone-induced foliar injury were intensively measured during a 6-day period in mid-august 1998 on leaves of acer pseudoplatanus, betula pendula, corylus avellana, fagus sylvatica, fraxinus excelsior, morus nigra, prunus avium, prunus serotina, rhamnus cathartica, and viburnum lantana at a forest nursery site in canton ticino, switzerland. plants were grown in four open plots (aa), four open-top chambers receiving carbon-filtered (cf) air, and four receiving non-filtered (nf) air ... | 2001 | 11383335 |
| molecular identification of fine roots of trees from the alps: reliable and fast dna extraction and pcr-rflp analyses of plastid dna. | fine roots of trees are intensively used as indicators to assess soil alterations, e.g. those owing to atmospheric inputs of acidifying substances, but their identification to species with morphological criteria is difficult. in this study, we established molecular techniques in order to identify fine roots of the 30 most common tree species of the alps. we developed a protocol for efficient isolation of dna from fine roots with extraction of dna in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) and ... | 2001 | 11555251 |
| canopy gradients in delta(18)o of organic matter as ecophysiological tool. | we determined vertical oxygen isotope gradients of leaf organic matter for a grassland in switzerland and a mountain beech forest (fagus sylvatica) in northern italy. a distinctly positive (18)o/(16)o gradient with height above ground was found for the grassland (7.9/1000 m(-1), p < 0.001), whereas the gradient was negative for the forest (-0.077/1000 m(-1), p < 0.001). the results are consistent with microclimatic measurements, although large isotope variations between the species have to be ta ... | 2001 | 11558653 |
| phenolics in selected european hardwood species by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. | the phenols in beech (fagus sylvatica), birch (betula pendula) and ash (fraxinus excelsior) wood dusts were compared using a mass spectrometer fitted with an electrospray ionisation interface with liquid chromatographic separation. hardwood dust is a carcinogen, and an analysis of the polyphenol profile is a useful method for identifying the dust source in workplace air. the mass spectrometer was operated in both the negative and positive ion modes. phenolic compounds were identified by comparin ... | 2001 | 11592645 |
| influence of tree internal nitrogen reserves on the response of beech (fagus sylvatica) trees to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. | we examined the influence of plant internal nitrogen (n) reserves on the response of 3-year-old beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees to elevated atmospheric co2 concentration ([co2]) in a dual 15n and 13c long-term labeling experiment. trees were grown on sand and received either no n nutrition (-n treatment) or 4 mm n (+n treatment) for 1 year. the -n and +n pretreated trees were then placed in growth chambers and grown in 350 (ambient) or 700 ppm (elevated) of a 13co2 atmosphere for 24 weeks. in a ... | 2002 | 11772554 |
| selection effects of air pollution on gene pools of norway spruce, european silver fir and european beech. | the effects of industrial pollution on allelic and genotypic structures of norway spruce. european silver fir and european beech were investigated by means of isozyme analysis. in a mixed norway spruce-silver fir forest stand in an area heavily polluted by sulphur dioxide and heavy metals in the region of spis (eastern slovakia), pairs of neighbouring damaged and apparently healthy trees were selected in two replicates (44 and 69 pairs in a heavily and moderately damaged stand, respectively). pa ... | 2001 | 11789921 |
| ga(3)-induced expression of a new functional aaa-atpase (fsa1) is correlated with the onset of germination in fagus sylvatica l. seeds (beechnuts). | a full-length cdna clone, named fsa1, has been isolated from a cdna library constructed using mrna from fagus sylvatica l. dormant seeds (beechnuts). this clone shows high identity with members of the aaa superfamily, for atpases associated with a variety of cellular activities, encoding subunit 8 of the 26s proteasome or tat binding proteins (tbps). direct biochemical evidence supporting mg(2+)-dependent atpase activity has been obtained by expressing fsa1 in escherichia coli as histidine tag f ... | 2002 | 11828019 |
| differences in salt sensitivity of four deciduous tree species to soil or airborne salt. | seedlings of four deciduous tree species maple (acer pseudoplatanus), beech (fagus sylvatica), horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) and lime (tilia cordata) were exposed to de-icing salt (nacl) either through the soil or applied to the above ground plant parts. a soil solution of 1.65 g l-1 nacl was maintained from the start of the experiment in january 1999 until termination in june 1999. the main effects caused by salt treatment through the soil were a reduction in photosynthesis of up to 5 ... | 2002 | 11903969 |
| lignification in beech (fagus sylvatica) grown at elevated co2 concentrations: interaction with nutrient availability and leaf maturation. | beech (fagus sylvatica l.) seedlings were grown in an ambient or elevated co2 concentration ([co2]) either in small stands in microcosms for three to four seasons or individually in pots fertilized at different nutrient supply rates. leaves at different stages of development, as well as stems and roots at the end of the growing season, were used for analysis of structural biomass and lignin. in elevated [co2], lignification of leaves was slightly retarded compared with structural biomass product ... | 2002 | 11986050 |
| influence of odor from wood-decaying fungi on host selection behavior of deathwatch beetle, xestobium rufovillosum. | adult females of xestobium rufovillosum de geer demonstrated anemotactic orientation when exposed to an odor plume containing volatiles generated by wood-decaying fungi (coriolus versicolor, donkioporia expansa) and decayed oak wood (quercus petraea, quercus robur). they did not orient towards undecayed oak wood, beech (fagus sylvatica), or pine wood (pinus sylvestris). although all insects tested showed anemotactic orientation, responses were nonlinear with respect to insect age. adult females ... | 2002 | 12035923 |
| pb and 206pb/207pb isotopic analysis of a tree bark pocket near sheffield, uk recording historical change in airborne pollution during the 20th century. | a section of tree trunk (beech, fagus sylvatica) containing a bark pocket progressively enclosed at the junction of two branches was collected from a semi-rural location near sheffield, uk. according to the annual growth rings, the bark pocket formed between ca. 1919 and 1998 (the date of felling). the bark pocket was divided into consecutive samples of differing radial depth (and thus age), that were analysed by icp mass spectrometry. the pb concentration varied from 7 to 78 mg kg (-1) and the ... | 2002 | 12049393 |
| consequences of elevated co2, augmented nitrogen-deposition and soil type on the soluble nitrogen and sulphur in the phloem of beech (fagus sylvatica) and spruce (picea abies) in a competitive situation. | mixed spruce-beech plantations grown in large open-top chambers (otc) were used to study consequences of elevated co2, nitrogen-deposition and soil type on plant internal nitrogen and sulphur cycling of juvenile beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and spruce (picea abies karst.) in a competitive situation. processes of re-cycling as a consequence of protein turnover during leaf senescence in autumn were of further interest. for this purpose, phloem sap was collected in september 1998 and analysed for the ... | 2002 | 12060244 |
| molecular cloning of a functional protein phosphatase 2c (fspp2c2) with unusual features and synergistically up-regulated by aba and calcium in dormant seeds of fagus sylvatica. | phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of proteins is a general mechanism of hormonal signal transduction, including aba, and serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2c (pp2c, ec 3.1.3.16) have been suggested to play an important role in this process. by means of differential reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and further screening of a cdna library made from mrna of aba-treated fagus sylvatica l. seeds, a full-length cdna clone (fspp2c2) encoding a putative pp2c was obtained. com ... | 2002 | 12060271 |
| alcoholism in cockchafers: orientation of male melolontha melolontha towards green leaf alcohols. | chemical orientation of the european cockchafer, melolontha melolontha l., a serious pest in agriculture and horticulture, was investigated by field tests and electrophysiological experiments using plant volatiles. in total, 16 typical plant volatiles were shown to elicit electrophysiological responses in male cockchafers. funnel trap field bioassays revealed that green leaf alcohols (i.e. (z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (e)-2-hexen-1-ol and 1-hexanol) attracted males, whereas the corresponding aldehydes and ... | 2002 | 12146792 |
| in situ ageing of fine beech roots (fagus sylvatica) assessed by transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy: description of microsites and evolution of polyphenolic substances. | root biomass is quantitatively and qualitatively important in most ecosystems, but its contribution to the pool of organic matter in the soil is not clear. this work was designed to specify root ageing on an ultrastructural scale by transmission electron microscopy combined with microanalysis by electron energy loss spectroscopy. this approach is very suitable for studying the soil/plant interface, and for semi-quantitative analysis of the evolution of polyphenolic substances during root evoluti ... | 2002 | 12148242 |
| decline in diversity and abundance of endophytic fungi in twigs of fagus sylvatica l. after experimental long-term exposure to sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (sdbs) aerosol. | sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (sdbs) is an anionic synthetic detergent found in polluted sea aerosol and is known for its harmful effects on leaf surface ultrastructure on conifers and broadleaved trees. four-year-old saplings of european beech were sprayed weekly for three consecutive growing seasons with either a 50 mg l(-1) solution of sdbs in deionized water or with pure deionized water (control). two- to three- year-old twigs were collected from sdbs-treated and control plants during the ... | 2002 | 12460277 |
| contrasting distribution and seasonal dynamics of carbohydrate reserves in stem wood of adult ring-porous sessile oak and diffuse-porous beech trees. | we tested the hypothesis that broad-leaved forest species with contrasting wood anatomy and hydraulic system (ring-porous versus diffuse-porous) also differ in distribution and seasonal dynamics of carbohydrate reserves in stem wood. total nonstructural carbohydrate (tnc) reserves (starch and sugars) were measured enzymatically in the 10 youngest stem xylem rings of adult oak (quercus petraea (matt.) liebl.) and beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees during an annual cycle. radial distribution of carb ... | 2002 | 12464573 |
| the effect of drought on mycorrhizas of beech (fagus sylvatica l.): changes in community structure, and the content of carbohydrates and nitrogen storage bodies of the fungi. | in a water-exclusion experiment, five different ecotypes of beech (fagus sylvatica l.; representing regions of different environmental and climatic conditions in baden-württemberg, germany) were subjected to drought conditions of different severity between july and september of two consecutive years. drought stress as characterised by the water content and the pre-dawn water potential of the leaves was related to the degree of mycorrhization, the type of ectomycorrhiza, and the physiological pro ... | 2002 | 12466918 |
| comparison of different methods for lignin determination as a basis for calibration of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and implications of lignoproteins. | three commonly employed methods for lignin determination, i.e., the thioglycolic acid (tga), the acetylbromide (ab), and the acid detergent fiber (adf) method, were compared using leaves and xylem tissue from five species (nicotiana tabacum, populus x canescens, fagus sylvatica, quercus robur, and picea abies). in each case, cell walls were isolated before lignin determination. each of the three methods estimated a different lignin concentration in a given tissue, except for spruce wood. the "li ... | 2002 | 12564795 |
| maldi-tof mass spectrometry and psd fragmentation as means for the analysis of condensed tannins in plant leaves and needles. | maldi-tof mass spectrometry and 13c nmr spectroscopy were applied to unveil typical characteristics of condensed tannins of leaves and needles from willow (salix alba), spruce (picea abies) and beech (fagus sylvatica) of three tree species that are ubiquitous in german forests and landscapes. for further evaluation, lime (tilia cordata) was included. the 13c nmr spectroscopy confirmed the purity of the condensed tannin fractions and the efficiency of the procedure used for their extraction. whil ... | 2003 | 12591272 |
| stoichiometry of foliar carbon constituents varies along light gradients in temperate woody canopies: implications for foliage morphological plasticity. | foliar morphology and chemical composition were examined along a light gradient in the canopies of five deciduous temperate woody species, ranked according to shade-tolerance as populus tremula l. < fraxinus excelsior l. < tilia cordata mill. = corylus avellana l. < fagus sylvatica l. foliar carbon was divided between structural (cell-wall polysaccharides, lignin) and nonstructural (proteins, ethanol-soluble carbohydrates, starch) fractions. foliar morphology of all species was strongly affected ... | 1998 | 12651358 |
| a model of dry matter partitioning in trees. | in mechanistic growth models, the description of assimilate allocation or dry matter partitioning plays a key role. although theoretical concepts of allocation exist, they include many parameters that cannot be quantified. therefore, many growth models use descriptive keys that represent the proportions of dry matter or carbohydrates assigned to each plant component. i have developed a model to describe the dynamic partitioning of dry matter in individual trees, and used it to investigate the ef ... | 1998 | 12651393 |
| nitrogen-related root variables of trees along an n-deposition gradient in europe. | we measured fine root n concentration, root in vivo nitrate reductase activity (nra) and root uptake capacity for (15)nh(4) (+) and (15)no(3) (-) along an n-deposition gradient from northern sweden to central europe, encompassing a variation in n deposition rates of < 5 to about 40 kg n ha(-1) year(-1). the focus was on picea abies (l.) karst., but fagus sylvatica l. in central europe and pinus sylvestris l. and betula spp. in northern sweden were also studied. we assumed that, with an increased ... | 1998 | 12651404 |
| genetic diversity and bark physiology of the european beech (fagus sylvatica): a coevolutionary relationship with the beech scale (cryptococcus fagisuga). | in 1994 and 1995, the degree of infestation by the beech scale (cryptococcus fagisuga lind.) was recorded on 120 beech trees (fagus sylvatica l.) in the pless forest near göttingen, germany. simultaneously, the trees were characterized genetically and compounds of primary and secondary metabolism of beech bark were analyzed. a correlation was established between beech scale infestation and the genotype of the host trees, based on gene locus a of isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh-a). the fraction of ... | 2000 | 12651444 |
| volume growth and survival graphs: a method for evaluating process-based forest growth models. | we investigated the relationships within forest stands between tree size and (a) stem volume growth rate and (b) risk of mortality for individual trees. values of both x and y variables were plotted relative to the largest value in the stand. we refer to the resultant presentations as relative volume growth and relative survival graphs (vgss). a pair of vgss can be produced readily from an individual-tree growth model. it can also be constructed from consecutive sets of field measurements. compa ... | 2000 | 12651451 |
| leaf photosynthetic characteristics of beech (fagus sylvatica) saplings during three years of exposure to elevated co(2) concentration. | beech (fagus sylvatica l.) seedlings were cultivated from seeds sown in pots or directly in the ground in outdoor chambers that were transparent to solar radiation, and provided either ambient air or co(2)-enriched air (ambient + 350 &mgr;mol mol(-1)). the rooting volume was high in all experiments. in the short-term experiment, potted plants were assigned to a factorial co(2) x nutrient treatment (optimal nutrient supply and severe nutrient shortage) for 1 year. in the long-term experiment, pla ... | 2000 | 12651460 |
| spatial and temporal variability of foliar mineral concentration in beech (fagus sylvatica) stands in northeastern france. | foliar mineral concentration may provide a basis for monitoring the consequences of long-term environmental changes, such as eutrophication and acidification of soils, or increase in atmospheric co(2) concentration. however, analytical drifts and inter-tree and year-to-year variations may confound environmental effects on long-term changes in foliar mineral concentration. we have characterized the relative effects of these potentially confounding factors on foliar carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, c ... | 2000 | 12651522 |
| water and lipid relations in beech (fagus sylvatica l.) seeds and its effect on storage behaviour. | beech (fagus sylvatica l.) seeds indicate intermediate storage behaviour. properties of water in seed tissues were studied to understand their requirements during storage conditions. water sorption isotherms showed that at the same relative humidity (rh) the water content is significantly higher in embryo axes than cotyledons. this tendency maintains also after recalculating the water content for zero amount of lipids in tissues. differential thermal analysis (dta) indicated water crystallizatio ... | 2003 | 12667610 |
| epiphytic lichens as sentinels for heavy metal pollution at forest ecosystems (central italy). | the results of a study using epiphytic lichens (parmelia caperata) as sentinels for heavy metal deposition at six selected forest ecosystems of central italy are reported. the woods investigated are characterized by holm oak (quercus ilex), turkey oak (quercus cerris) and beech (fagus sylvatica) and represent the typical forest ecosystems of central italy at low, medium and high elevations, respectively. the results showed that levels of heavy metals in lichens were relatively low and consequent ... | 2003 | 12685761 |
| effects of stream acidification on fungal biomass in decaying beech leaves and leaf palatability. | we examined the effect of surface water acidification on rates of decomposition, ergosterol concentrations (as a measure of fungal biomass), and palatability to shredders of common beech leaves (fagus sylvatica l.) in five mountain streams (ph 4.7-7.1). leaf decomposition was significantly faster in the circumneutral streams (ph 6.4-7.1; k > or = 0.00175 d(-1)), when compared to acidic streams (ph 4.7-4.9; k < or = 0.00100 d(-1)). fungal biomass showed no particular trend along the acidification ... | 2003 | 12688687 |
| physiology-based phenology models for forest tree species in germany. | models of phenology are needed for the projection of effects of a changing climate on, for example, forest production, species competition, vegetation-atmosphere feedback and public health. a new phenology model for deciduous tree bud burst is developed and parameters are determined for a wide geographical range (germany) and several forest tree species. the new model is based on considerations of simple interactions between inhibitory and promotory agents that are assumed to control the develop ... | 2003 | 12698325 |
| three-dimensional lamina architecture alters light-harvesting efficiency in fagus: a leaf-scale analysis. | modification of foliage exposition and morphology by seasonal average integrated quantum flux density (qint) was investigated in the canopies of the shade-tolerant late-successional deciduous tree species fagus orientalis lipsky and fagus sylvatica l. because the leaves were not entirely flat anywhere in the canopy, the leaf lamina was considered to be three-dimensional and characterized by the cross-sectional angle between the leaf halves (theta). both branch and lamina inclination angles with ... | 2003 | 12750051 |
| ozone sensitivity of fagus sylvatica and fraxinus excelsior young trees in relation to leaf structure and foliar ozone uptake. | during the summer of 2001, 2-year-old fraxinus excelsior and fagus sylvatica plants were subjected to ozone-rich environmental conditions at the regional forest nursery at curno (northern italy). atmospheric ozone concentrations and stomatal conductance were measured, in order to calculate the foliar fluxes by means of a one-dimensional model. the foliar structure of both species was examined (thickness of the lamina and of the individual tissues, leaf mass per area, leaf density) and chlorophyl ... | 2003 | 12804831 |
| regeneration of mature norway spruce stands: early effects of selective cutting and clear cutting on seepage water quality and soil fertility. | the cutting of trees influences element turnover in the forest ecosystem. the reduction of plant uptake, as well as an increased mineralization and nitrification due to higher soil temperature and soil moisture, can lead to considerable losses of nutrients from the main rooting zone. this may result in a reduced soil fertility and a decrease in drinking water quality due to high nitrate concentrations in the seepage water. in bavaria (germany) selective cutting is preferred to clear cutting when ... | 2001 | 12805805 |
| ecophysiological relevance of cuticular transpiration of deciduous and evergreen plants in relation to stomatal closure and leaf water potential. | the water permeability of the leaves of three deciduous plants (acer campestre, fagus sylvatica, quercus petraea) and two evergreen plants (hedera helix, ilex aquifolium) was analysed in order to assess its role as a mechanism of drought resistance. cuticular permeances were determined by measurement of the water loss through adaxial, astomatous leaf surfaces. minimum conductances after complete stomatal closure were obtained by leaf drying curves. the comparison of the water permeabilities dete ... | 2003 | 12815029 |
| crown condition surveys in italian forests: issues in reporting findings. | this study examines defoliation and discoloration findings collected throughout the italian level i network between 1997 and 2000. prior to this period no quality assurance procedures had been implemented, so that earlier findings cannot be considered reliable. the aim of the study is to compare different indices used in reporting findings, in order to determine the full potential and limitations of each. in international surveys, findings are normally expressed in terms of individual trees pres ... | 2003 | 12841687 |
| spatial variation in springtime food resources influences the winter body mass of roe deer fawns. | it is well established that the dynamics of mammalian populations vary in time, in relation to density and weather, and often in interaction with phenotypic differences (sex, age and social status). habitat quality has recently been identified as another significant source of individual variability in vital rates of deer, including roe deer where spatial variations in fawn body mass were found to be only about a tenth of temporal variations. the approach used was to classify the habitat into blo ... | 2003 | 12920639 |
| phytophthora pseudosyringae sp. nov., a new species causing root and collar rot of deciduous tree species in europe. | in several studies of oak decline in europe, a semi-papillate homothallic phytophthora taxon was consistently isolated, together with other phytophthora species, from rhizosphere soil samples. it was also found associated with necrotic fine roots and stem necroses of fagus sylvatica and alnus glutinosa. due to morphological and physiological similarities, the semi-papillate isolates were previously identified as p. syringae by various authors. the morphology, physiology and pathogenicity against ... | 2003 | 12967204 |
| negative regulation of abscisic acid signaling by the fagus sylvatica fspp2c1 plays a role in seed dormancy regulation and promotion of seed germination. | fspp2c1 was previously isolated from beech (fagus sylvatica) seeds as a functional protein phosphatase type-2c (pp2c) with all the conserved features of these enzymes and high homology to abi1, abi2, and pp2ca, pp2cs identified as negative regulators of aba signaling. the expression of fspp2c1 was induced upon abscisic acid (aba) treatment and was also up-regulated during early weeks of stratification. furthermore, this gene was specifically expressed in aba-treated seeds and was hardly detectab ... | 2003 | 12970481 |
| on the pigment of chaetomium sp., the cause of green stain of heartwood in fagus sylvatica. | 1954 | 13141965 | |
| the timing of bud burst and its effect on tree growth. | a phenology model for estimating the timings of bud burst--one of the most influential phenological phases for the simulation of tree growth--is presented in this study. the model calculates the timings of the leafing of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and oak (quercus robur l.) and the may shoot of norway spruce (picea abies l.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) on the basis of the daily maximum temperature. the data for parameterisation and validation of the model have been taken from 40 climate ... | 2004 | 14564495 |
| a rapd, aflp and ssr linkage map, and qtl analysis in european beech (fagus sylvatica l.). | the genetic linkage map of european beech ( fagus sylvatica l.) that we report here is the first to our knowledge. based on a total of 312 markers (28 rapds, 274 aflps, 10 ssrs) scored in 143 individuals from a f(1) full-sib family. two maps (one for each parent) were constructed according to a "two-way pseudo-testcross" mapping strategy. in the male map 119 markers could be clustered in 11 major groups (971 cm), while in the female map 132 markers were distributed in 12 major linkage groups (84 ... | 2004 | 14574454 |
| detecting differences in crown transparency assessments between countries using the image analysis system croco. | estimates of crown transparency calculated using the semi-automatic image analysis system croco were compared with the visual estimates of survey teams from 12 european countries. for each of five european species (norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.), silver fir (abies alba mill.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), beech (fagus sylvatica l.), oak (quercus robur l.)) 15 trees were assessed. in 64% of the comparisons, croco estimates and the survey teams' scores differed significantly, while d ... | 2003 | 14632089 |
| morphological and physiological responses of beech (fagus sylvatica) seedlings to grass-induced below ground competition. | we examined morphological and physiological responses of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) seedlings to grass-induced below ground competition in full-light conditions. two-year-old beech seedlings were grown during two growing seasons in 160-l containers in bare soil or with a mixture of five grass species widely represented in semi-natural meadows of central france. at the end of the second growing season, beech seedlings in the presence of grass showed significant reductions in diameter and height g ... | 2004 | 14652213 |
| measuring and modelling plant area index in beech stands. | for some beech ( fagus sylvatica l.) stands with different stand densities the plant area index (pai) was measured by means of a licor lai-2000 plant canopy analyser. the stands are located on the slopes of a valley in south-west germany and had been treated by different types of silvicultural management (heavy shelterwood felling, light shelterwood felling, control plot). the analyser was used (a) to investigate the light conditions on plots of the same thinning regime, (b) to quantify the diff ... | 2004 | 14750004 |
| interdependence of ph, malate concentration, and calcium and magnesium concentrations in the xylem sap of beech roots. | the presence and concentration of mineral nutrients and organic acids were analyzed in root xylem sap of mature beech trees (fagus sylvatica l.). an interdependence between malate concentration, ph, and calcium and magnesium concentrations was observed. significant correlations were found between low ph values and high calcium and magnesium concentrations, low ph values and high malate concentration, and high malate concentration and high total calcium and magnesium concentrations. the observed ... | 1997 | 14759841 |
| influence of photosynthetic photon flux density on growth and transpiration in seedlings of fagus sylvatica. | beech seedlings (fagus sylvatica l.) were grown in various combinations of three photosynthetic photon flux densities (ppfd, 0.7, 7.3 or 14.5 mol m(-2) day(-1)) for two years in a controlled environmental chamber. dry mass of leaves, stem and roots, leaf area and number of leaves, and unit leaf rate were affected by both previous-year and current-year ppfd. number of shoots and length of the main shoot were affected by previous-year ppfd but not by current-year ppfd. number of leaves per shoot d ... | 1997 | 14759883 |
| nutrient contents and concentrations in relation to growth of picea abies and fagus sylvatica along a european transect. | mineral nutrition of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and beech (fagus sylvatica l.) was investigated along a transect extending from northern sweden to central italy. nitrogen (n) concentrations of needles and leaves in stands growing on acid soils did not differ significantly between central italy and southern sweden (1.0 +/- 0.1 mmol n g(-1) for needles and 1.9 +/- 0.14 mmol n g(-1) for leaves). in both species, foliar n concentrations were highest in germany (1.2 mmol n g(-1) for need ... | 1997 | 14759887 |
| effects of elevated co(2) concentration on leaf characteristics and photosynthetic capacity of beech (fagus sylvatica) during the growing season. | two-year-old beech (fagus sylvatica l.) saplings were planted directly in the ground at high density (100 per m(2)), in an experimental design that realistically mimicked field conditions, and grown for two years in air containing co(2) at either ambient or an elevated (ambient + 350 ppm) concentration. plant dry mass and leaf area were increased by a two-year exposure to elevated co(2). the saplings produced physiologically distinct types of sun leaves associated with the first and second growt ... | 1996 | 14871728 |
| leaching of dissolved organic carbon and carbon dioxide emission after compost application to six nutrient-depleted forest soils. | the objective of this study was to assess the effect of compost application on soil respiration and dissolved organic carbon (doc) output of nutrient-depleted forest soils. an amount of 6.3 kg m(-2) mature compost was applied to the forest floor of european beech (fagus sylvatica l.), norway spruce (picea abies karst.), and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands at soiling and unterlüss, germany. cumulative soil respiration significantly increased by 499 g c m(-2) in the spruce stand at unterlü ... | 2004 | 14964362 |
| uptake and distribution of calcium and phosphorus in beech (fagus sylvatica) as influenced by aluminum and nitrogen. | we studied the effects of excess nitrogen added as nitrate (no(3) (-)) or ammonium (nh(4) (+)), or both, on mineral nutrition and growth of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) plants grown at ph 4.2 in al-free nutrient solution or in solutions containing 0.1 or 1.0 mm alcl(3). a high external concentration of nh(4) (+) increased the concentration of nitrogen in roots, stems and leaves. the root/shoot dry weight ratio was less in plants grown in the presence of nh(4) (+) than in plants grown in the presen ... | 1994 | 14967634 |
| evapotranspiration of beech stands and transpiration of beech leaves subject to atmospheric co(2) enrichment. | beech trees (fagus sylvatica l.) show reduced stomatal conductance and increased leaf area index in response to increased atmospheric co(2) concentration. to determine whether the reduction in stomatal conductance results in lower stand evapotranspiration, we compared transpiration on a leaf-area basis and stand evapotranspiration on a ground-area basis in young european beech trees growing in greenhouses at ambient (360 +/- 34 micro mol mol(-1)) and elevated (698 +/- 10 micro mol mol(-1)) co(2) ... | 2004 | 14967665 |
| xylem sap composition of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees: seasonal changes in the axial distribution of sulfur compounds. | during different phases of the annual growth cycle, xylem sap was collected from trunk segments of adult beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees by the water displacement technique. irrespective of the height of the trunk, both sulfate and reduced sulfur compounds were detected in the xylem sap throughout the year. sulfate was the predominant sulfur compound in all samples analyzed. its concentration in the xylem sap varied between 10 and 350 micro mol l(-1), with highest concentrations in april, short ... | 1994 | 14967689 |
| influence of nitrogen fertilization on minerals, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolic compounds in beech (fagus sylvatica l.) leaves. | beginning in 1985, plots in a 120-year-old beech (fagus sylvatica l.) stand in the province of scania, southern sweden were fertilized annually with ammonium nitrate. in august 1989, leaves from both fertilized and unfertilized trees were analyzed for mineral nutrients, soluble carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolic compounds. leaf concentrations of total nitrogen were increased by n fertilization. ammonium was not detected in the leaves, but no(3) (-) was increased by up to 65% as a result of ... | 1992 | 14969878 |
| rapid response of large, drought-stressed beech trees to irrigation. | large, declining beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees (diameter at breast height = 50 cm), growing on heavy clay soils in the highlands near zurich, switzerland, were amply irrigated in late summer. during irrigation, the xylem sap flow rate, q(wt), was measured by the stem-tissue heat balance method with internal heating and sensing. only a gradual and slight increase in q(wt) in response to irrigation was observed in the control trees, whereas q(wt) in the declining trees, whose transpiration rate ... | 1993 | 14969918 |
| seasonal changes in the axial distribution of peroxidase activity in the xylem sap of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees. | xylem sap was collected from trunk segments of adult beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees by water displacement. peroxidase activity was analyzed in xylem saps collected in different phases of the yearly growth cycle and from different heights up the trunks (up to 14 m). the xylem saps contained two major peroxidase isozymes with acidic isoelectric points of 4.1 and 4.6, respectively. mean peroxidase activity was low during the emergence of the new leaves and high in summer and in winter. in the col ... | 1993 | 14969996 |
| bud dormancy in beech (fagus sylvatica l.). effect of chilling and photoperiod on dormancy release of beech seedlings. | two-year-old fagus sylvatica l. seedlings were subjected to natural winter chilling or were overwintered in a heated greenhouse. plants were then grown in controlled environment chambers with photoperiods of 9 or 13 h. renewal of bud growth was found to be mainly determined by winter chilling. there was a slight interaction between chilling and photoperiod. sprouting of apical buds took two to three times as long in unchilled plants as in chilled plants. shoot elongation was influenced by chilli ... | 1990 | 14972934 |
| mineral nutrients, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds in leaves of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) in southern sweden as related to environmental factors. | concentrations of major elements, trace elements, starch, total sugars and phenols were measured in leaves of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees located at 89 sites in the province of scania, southern sweden. concentrations of elements had only a weak relationship to soil variables, but leaf n increased with distance from sources of industrial air pollution. within-site variation in concentrations of most elements was smaller than variation among sites and was lowest for n, p, k and cu and highest ... | 1989 | 14972971 |
| short-term canopy interactions of beech trees: mineral ion leaching and absorption during rainfall. | mineral nutrient composition of the stemflow of 70-120-year-old beech trees fagus sylvatica l. in 26 stands in northwestern switzerland was compared with that of incident precipitation. four mm of precipitation was sufficient to wash-off the bulk of the dry deposition intercepted by the canopy. thereafter, differences in composition between precipitation and stemflow provided a measure of net ion absorption by or leaching from the canopy. depending on the acidity of the rain and on the buffering ... | 1987 | 14975826 |
| factors contributing to forest decline in northwestern switzerland. | possible causes of decline of 37 beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forests in northwestern switzerland were investigated. the trees were assessed for symptoms of damage or disease including loss of leaves, chlorosis and dead shoots. in addition, nutrients and pollutants were analyzed in soil, leaves, stemflow and rainwater. air pollutants were monitored at several sites. the results indicate that a variety of factors may have contributed to forest decline. | 1986 | 14975894 |
| geographic distribution of chloroplast variation in italian populations of beech (fagus sylvatica l.). | the distribution of chloroplast dna (cpdna) variation in italian beech ( fagus sylvatica l.) populations was studied using pcr-rflp and microsatellite markers. in total, 67 populations were analysed, and 14 haplotypes were identified by combining the two marker types. a remarkable subdivision of cpdna diversity in italian beech was found, as indicated by a high level of genetic differentiation ( g(st)=0.855). the highest level of total haplotype diversity ( h(t)=0.822) was estimated for southern ... | 2004 | 15014873 |
| evidence of a cross-talk regulation of a ga 20-oxidase (fsga20ox1) by gibberellins and ethylene during the breaking of dormancy in fagus sylvatica seeds. | gibberellin 20-oxidase (ga 20-oxidase) is an enzyme that catalyses the last three steps in the synthesis of active gas and is a potential control point in the regulation of ga biosynthesis. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with degenerated oligonucleotides conserved among ga 20-oxidases was used to isolate a cdna clone for this enzyme in fagus sylvatica l. seeds. this clone contains all the features and exhibits homology to ga 20 oxidases from several plant species. expression of ... | 2004 | 15032824 |
| vegetation of the selected forest stands and land use in the carpathian mountains. | within the framework of the project "effects of forest health on biodiversity with emphasis on air pollution in the carpathian mountains" 26 permanent study sites were established in the vicinity of the ozone monitoring sites. the study sites were located on the nw-se transect through the western (12 sites), eastern (11 sites) and southern (3 sites) carpathians in forest ecosystems typical of each area. some of the forest monitoring sites were located in national parks, biosphere reserves and ar ... | 2004 | 15046837 |
| chemical and morphological characteristics of key tree species of the carpathian mountains. | concentrations of al, b, ca, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, n, na, p, s and zn in the foliage of white fir (abies alba), norway spruce (picea abies) and common beech (fagus sylvatica) from 25 sites of the carpathian mts. forests (czech republic, poland, romania, slovakia and ukraine) are discussed in a context of their limit values. s/n ratio was different from optimum in 90% of localities when compared with the european limit values. likewise we found increase of fe and cu concentrations compared with thei ... | 2004 | 15046839 |
| the influence of o3, no2 and so2 on growth of picea abies and fagus sylvatica in the carpathian mountains. | at 17 long-term pollution monitoring sites throughout the carpathian mountains, tree growth patterns and variation in growth rate were examined to determine relationship of tree growth to specific pollutants. canopy dominant picea abies and fagus sylvatica were selected at each site. basal area increment (bai) values were calculated from raw ring widths and used as an estimate of tree growth. across all sites, bai chronologies were highly variable, therefore local conditions and forest structure ... | 2004 | 15046841 |
| genetic effects of air pollution on forest tree species of the carpathian mountains. | the effects of air pollution on the genetic structure of norway spruce, european silver fir and european beech were studied at four polluted sites in slovakia, romania and czech republic. in order to reduce potential effects of site heterogeneity on the health condition, pair-wise sampling of pollution-tolerant and sensitive trees was applied. genotypes of sampled trees were determined at 21 isozyme gene loci of spruce, 18 loci of fir and 15 loci of beech. in comparison with norway spruce, fewer ... | 2004 | 15046843 |
| forest health status in the carpathian mountains over the period 1997-2001. | the results of forest health status assessments in the carpathian mountains from the monitoring networks developed by the european union scheme on the protection of forest against atmospheric pollution (eu scheme) and international co-operative programme on assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests (icp-forests), have led to a better understanding of the impact of air pollution and other stressors on forests at the regional scale. during the period 1997-2001, forests in the c ... | 2004 | 15046844 |
| a comparison of lead isotope ratios in the bark pockets and annual rings of two beech trees collected in derbyshire and south yorkshire, uk. | icp-ms analysis of the bark pockets and annual rings of two beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees collected from longshaw, derbyshire and swinton, south yorkshire in the uk recorded differences in the (206)pb/(207)pb isotope ratio. in the longshaw sample, the (206)pb/(207)pb isotope ratio of the bark pockets ( approximately 1914-1998, 78-260 microg g(-1) pb) declined from approximately 1.16 to 1.12, whilst the annual rings (1899-1998, 0.2-2.5 microg g(-1) pb) had a (206)pb/(207)pb ratio of approximat ... | 2004 | 15050389 |
| beech foliage as a bioindicator of pollution near a waste incinerator. | since 1971 unshaded leaves from the top of marked beech trees (fagus sylvatica l.) in the vicinity of a regional waste incinerator have been sampled every year in early september. the unwashed leaf samples were analyzed for the concentration of cl- and, in some years, for 16 other elements. the operation of the waste incinerator distinctly increased the cl- concentration in the foliage. when the flue gas filtration did not work properly, several other elements also accumulated (without any obvio ... | 1994 | 15091675 |
| reversibility of stemflow-induced soil acidification in swedish beech forest. | stemwater running down the trunks of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) has an acidifying effect on soil near the stem. the deposition of acidifying substances may be two to four times higher close to the stem compared to in the stand in general. to study reversibility of soil acidification, 72 stumps of beech trees were chosen from five different year classes of felling (3, 6, 9, 14-15, 25-30), representing the years when stemflow ceased to affect the soil. the h(+) concentration (ph kcl) in the topsoi ... | 1991 | 15092073 |
| general methods and materials. | in the winter of 1982-83 an experiment was initiated at the university of hohenheim to investigate the long-term effects of near ambient concentrations of o(3), so(2), and simulated acidic rain and fog, alone and in combination, on mineral cycling, physiology, biochemistry and anatomy of norway spruce (picea abies l. karst.), silver fir (abies alba mill.) and european beech (fagus silvatica l.) seedlings in model ecosystems. open-top chambers above soil lysimeters were protected with shelters 1 ... | 1990 | 15092174 |
| visible injury responses. | during a five year experiment on the causes of forest disease, symptoms of visible injury and pest infestations in trees treated with various air pollutants in open-top chambers were observed. though the long-term experiment was originally not intended to include such investigations, insect infestation and some discoloration of the trees (beech, fagus sylvatica; fir, abies alba; spruce, picea abies) could not be avoided. abundance and size of some of the insects were measured after two years and ... | 1990 | 15092183 |
| performance of some growth variables. | european beech (fagus sylvatica l.), norway spruce (picea abies l. karst.) and silver fir (abies alba mill.) were exposed to low concentrations of ozone (o(3)) and sulfur dioxide (so(2)), alone and combined, and simulated acid rain (ph 4.0) in sheltered open-top chambers in hohenheim (southwest germany) for almost five years. the concentrations of o(3) and so(2) used were related to annual ambient average found in southern west germany. two control chambers were ventilated with charcoal filtered ... | 1990 | 15092188 |
| effect of ambient ozone and acid mist on aphid development. | the effect of ambient air with increased ozone concentrations and artificial acid mist on the population growth of two different aphid species was studied: aphis fabae on phaseolus vulgaris and phyllaphis fagi on seedings of fagus sylvatica. whereas the ambient air inhibited growth of aphis fabae, it stimulated population growth of phyllaphis fagi. in fagus, analysis of a phloem exudate revealed that the amino acid/sugar ratio was significantly increased by the ambient air compared to filtered a ... | 1989 | 15092475 |
| ozone-induced nitrate formation in needles and leaves of picea abies, fagus sylvatica and quercus robur. | much attention has been paid to ozone as a major cause of novel forest decline in europe. in combination with acidic mist, o(3) has been observed to increase ion leaching. besides cations lake mg(2+), ca(2+), k(+), nh(4)(+), considerable amounts of nitrate were found to be leached by acidic mist from needles of norway spruce. controlled fumigation experiments, with 100, 300, and 600 microg o(3)m(-3) over 22 days continuously, have led to a nitrate accumulation of 94.1 +/- 14.8, 119.4 +/- 28.7 an ... | 1988 | 15092611 |