Publications

epr studies of higher plant mitochondria. i ubisemiquinone and its relation to alternative respiratory oxidations.	an epr investigation of the region of the higher plant respiratory chain involving ubiquinone and center s-3 of succinate dehydrogenase is reported. at temperatures close to those of liquid helium, first derivative spectra corresponding to center s-3 (gmax = 2.017) and a signal split around g = 2.00 (major features of peaks and troughs at g values of 2.045, 2.03, 1.985, 1.97 and 1.96) were observed in mung bean (phaseolus aureus), arum maculatum spadix, sauromatum guttatum spadix and tulip bulb ...	1977	202304
trypanocidal coq analogues: their effect on other mitochondrial systems.	1. a comparative study of compounds which inhibit the respiration of the infective form of the protozoan parasite trypanosoma brucei brucei, such as salicylhydroxamic acid, other substituted benzhydroxamic acid, esters of 2,3- and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and structurally related compounds, showed that they have a remarkable degree of selectivity for the trypanosome as compared to rat liver mitochondria even though they are putative coq analogues and both respiratory systems are dependent on co ...	1989	2591192
determination of molecular mass of the aroid alternative oxidase by radiation-inactivation analysis.	the functional molecular mass of the cyanide-resistant salicylhydroxamate-sensitive duroquinol oxidase activity from sympocarpus foetidus (skunk cabbage) and sauromatum guttatum spadix mitochondria was determined by radiation-inactivation analysis. the functional molecular mass for the oxidase activity was found to be 26,700 da for skunk cabbage and 29,700 da for sauromatum guttatum mitochondria frozen at -70 degrees c. irradiation of dried mitochondrial samples resulted in a larger target size ...	1988	2844151
cyanide-insensitive respiration. i. the steady states of skunk cabbage spadix and bean hypocotyl mitochondria.		2015	4349864
heat production and temperature regulation in eastern skunk cabbage.	the spadix of symplocarpus foetidus l. maintains an internal temperature 15 degrees to 35 degrees c above ambient air temperatures of -15 degrees to +15 degrees c. for at least 14 days it consumes oxygen at a rate comparable to that of homeothermic animals of equivalent size. temperature regulation is accomplished by variations in respiratory rate.	2015	4417289
the respiratory chain of plant mitochondria. iv. oxidation rates of the respiratory carriers of mung bean mitochondria in the presence of cyanide.	the half-time for oxidation of cytochrome b(557) in mitochondria from etiolated mung bean (phaseolus aureus) hypocotyls is 5.8 milliseconds at 24 celsius in the absence or presence of 0.3 mm kcn, when the oxidation is carried out by injecting a small amount of oxygenated medium into a suspension of mitochondria made anaerobic in the presence of succinate plus malonate. since oxygen is consumed by the alternate, cyanide-insensitive respiratory pathway of these mitochondria, cycles of oxidation an ...	1970	5427115
specific inhibition of the cyanide-insensitive respiratory pathway in plant mitochondria by hydroxamic acids.	hydroxamic acids, r-conhoh, are inhibitors specific to the respiratory pathway through the alternate, cyanide-insensitive terminal oxidase of plant mitochondria. the nature of the r group in these compounds affects the concentration at which the hydroxamic acids are effective, but it appears that all hydroxamic acids inhibit if high enough concentrations are used. the benzhydroxamic acids are effective at relatively low concentrations; of these, the most effective are m-chlorobenzhydroxamic acid ...	1971	5543780
the respiratory chain of plant mitochondria. i. electron transport between succinate and oxygen in skunk cabbage mitochondria.	the kinetics of oxidation of ubiquinone, flavoprotein, cytochrome c, and the cytochrome b complex in skunk cabbage (symplocarpus foetidus) mitochondria made anaerobic with succinate have been measured spectrophotometrically and fluorimetrically in the absence of respiratory inhibitor and in the presence of cyanide or antimycin a. no component identifiable by these means was oxidized rapidly enough in the presence of one or the other inhibitor to qualify for the role of alternate oxidase. cycles ...	1969	5775846
the respiratory chain of plant mitochondria. ii. oxidative phosphorylation in skunk cabbage mitochondria.	mitochondria were prepared from the spadices of skunk cabbage (symplocarpus foetidus) whose respiratory rate with succinate and malate showed 15% to 30% sensitivity to cyanide inhibition, and which showed respiratory control by added adp. the observed respiratory control ratios ranged from 1.1 to 1.4. the change in ph of the mitochondrial suspension was recorded simultaneously with oxygen uptake: alkalinization of the medium, expected for phosphorylation of adp, coincided with the period of acce ...	1969	5775847
peroxidase associated with higher plant mitochondria.	the presence of peroxidase in mitochondria from etiolated mung bean hypocotyls and skunk cabbage spadices, suggested by carbon monoxide difference spectra and the spectral response to methyl hydroperoxide, was shown to result from contamination of the isolated mitochondria by a denser particle fraction with high peroxidase activity. the mitochondria themselves have no peroxidatic activity. analysis of the homogenate of mung bean hypocotyls revealed that over 90% of the peroxidase was soluble, as ...	1967	6045295
identification and partial purification of a stage-specific 33 kda mitochondrial protein as the alternative oxidase of the trypanosoma brucei brucei bloodstream trypomastigotes.	the glycerophosphate oxidase (gpo), the unique terminal oxidase of bloodstream trypanosome (tao), appears to be functionally similar to the alternative oxidases of some plants and higher fungi. immunoblotting of mitochondrial proteins of bloodstream trypomastigotes of trypanosoma brucei with monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies to sauromatum guttatum (voodoo lily) and symplocarpus foetidus (skunk cabbage) alternative oxidases respectively revealed two proteins of about 33 kda (p33) and 68 kda (p6 ...	1995	7581322
partial purification of the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase of skunk cabbage (symplocarpus foetidus) mitochondria.	a partial purification of the cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase from skunk cabbage (symplocarpus foetidus l.) spadix mitochondria is described. skunk cabbage mitochondria were solubilized in n,n-bis-(3-d-glucon-amido-propyl)deoxycholamide and the alternative oxidase was purified using a batch deae-cellulose treatment, followed by precipitation with extracti-gel and chromatography on sephadex g-200. following pooling and concentrating of the most active fractions from the gel filtration colu ...	1993	8278491
antifungal nitro compounds from skunk cabbage (lysichitum americanum) leaves treated with cupric chloride.	two nitro compounds, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-nitroethane named as lysichitalexin and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-nitroethane were isolated as stress metabolites from the leaves of lysichitum americanum hultén and st. john treated with cupric chloride. their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods and chemical reactions. the former compound showed antifungal activities against fusarium oxysporum and cladosporium herbarum. both compounds were isolated for the first time from this species and t ...	2000	10656408
structural requirements for the perception of ambient temperature signals in homeothermic heat production of skunk cabbage (symlocarpus foetidus).	the spadix of skunk cabbage, symplocarpus foetidus, is capable of maintaining an internal temperature of around 20 degrees c even when the ambient temperature drops to around 0 degrees c. to determine the crucial structure that is required for detection of ambient temperature signals, detailed measurements of the temperatures of the spadix were made under field conditions. the spadix temperature was well regulated even when the spathe or the leaf of the plant was removed. furthermore, maintenanc ...	2003	12803607
temperature-triggered periodical thermogenic oscillations in skunk cabbage (symplocarpus foetidus).	the natural occurrence of temperature-triggered and light-independent thermogenic oscillation in the spadix of skunk cabbage, symplocarpus foetidus, was discovered. the identified thermogenic oscillator had an accurate periodical cycle (ca. 60 min per cycle) that apparently responded to an increase or decrease in the spadix temperature with a threshold of less than 0.9 degrees c. neither a constant ambient air temperature nor transient changes in the ambient air temperature within 10 min (19 deg ...	2004	15047873
changes in the composition of xylem sap during development of the spadix of skunk cabbage (symplocarpus foetidus).	the spadix of skunk cabbage, symplocarpus foetidus, is thermogenic and maintains an internal temperature of around 20 degrees c even when the ambient air temperature drops below freezing. this homeothermic heat production is observed only during the stigma stage, and thereafter ceases at the male stage when pollen is shed. to clarify the regulatory mechanism by which the stigma stage-specific heat production occurs in the spadix, sugars, organic acids, and amino acids in xylem sap were analyzed ...	2005	15973047
nonlinear dynamics of homeothermic temperature control in skunk cabbage, symplocarpus foetidus.	certain primitive plants undergo orchestrated temperature control during flowering. skunk cabbage, symplocarpus foetidus, has been demonstrated to maintain an internal temperature of around 20 degrees c even when the ambient temperature drops below freezing. however, it is not clear whether a unique algorithm controls the homeothermic behavior of s. foetidus, or whether such an algorithm might exhibit linear or nonlinear thermoregulatory dynamics. here we report the underlying dynamics of temper ...	2005	16383647
oxidative phosphorylation and functional cytochromes in skunk cabbage mitochondria.		1958	16655072
the electron transfer system of skunk cabbage mitochondria.		1959	16655173
kinetics of cytochrome oxidation in skunk cabbage mitochondria.		1965	16656205
the respiratory chain components of higher plant mitochondria.	tightly coupled mitochondria have been prepared from a variety of plant sources: white potato (solanum tuberosum), jerusalem artichoke (heliantus tuberosus), cauliflower buds (brassica oleracea), and mung bean hypocotyls (phaseolus aureus). mitochondria with no appreciable coupling were also prepared from skunk cabbage spadices (symplocarpus foetidus).room temperature difference spectra show that these mitochondria are very similar in the qualitative and quantitative composition of their electro ...	1968	16656837
the respiratory chain of plant mitochondria: vii. kinetics of flavoprotein oxidation in skunk cabbage mitochondria.	the oxidation kinetics of the two high potential flavo-proteins, one (fp(hf)) fluorescent and the other (fp(ha)) nonfluorescent, in mitochondria from skunk cabbage (symplocarpus foetidus) spadices have been measured by combined spectrophotometry and fluorimetry. in the absence of respiratory inhibitors, both flavoproteins are oxidized at nearly the same rate with half-times between 120 and 160 milliseconds at 24 c. when slight differences in rate are observed, it is fp(ha) which consistently has ...	1970	16657516
cyanide-insensitive respiration in plant mitochondria.	pathways of electron transport have been studied in mitochondria isolated from hypocotyls of etiolated mung bean seedlings and skunk cabbage spadices that show cyanide-resistant respiratory activity. the residual flux through cytochrome c oxidase is shown to be small in comparison with the flux through an unidentified alternative oxidase that is known to have a high affinity for oxygen. this alternative oxidase is not a cytochrome. skunk cabbage and mung bean mitochondria contain cytochromes a a ...	1971	16657603
the respiratory chain of plant mitochondria: x. oxidation-reduction potentials of the flavoproteins of skunk cabbage mitochondria.	the oxidation-reduction potentials of the flavoproteins of skunk cabbage (symplocarpus foetidus) mitochondria have been measured under anaerobic conditions by means of a combined spectrophotometric or fluorimetric-potentiometric method. five components were resolved whose oxidation-reduction reactions corresponded to two-electron changes, as expected for flavoproteins. the midpoint potentials at ph 7.2 are as follows, listed in order of increasingly negative potential: +170 millivolts, +110 mill ...	1971	16657824
the respiratory chain of plant mitochondria: xvii. flavoprotein-cytochrome b(562) interaction in antimycin-treated skunk cabbage mitochondria.	during the transition from the aerobic steady state with succinate as substrate to anaerobiosis, in suspensions of skunk cabbage (symplocarpus foetidus) mitochondria treated with antimycin a, cytochrome b(562) becomes reoxidized to the extent of about 20%, synchronously with the reduction of cytochrome c(549). this reoxidation occurs in both the absence and presence of m-chlorobenzhydroxamic acid, a specific inhibitor for the alternate terminal oxidase of plant mitochondria. a flavoprotein compo ...	1974	16658802
respiratory chain of plant mitochondria: xviii. point of interaction of the alternate oxidase with the respiratory chain.	oxidation of the respiratory chain carriers of anaerobic, co-saturated skunk cabbage (symplocarpus foetidus) mitochondria, by means of an o(2) pulse, proceeds primarily through the cyanide-insensitive alternate oxidase, since the oxidation of cytochromes a and a(3) takes place with a half-time of 3 seconds, corresponding to the rate of dissociation of co from reduced cytochrome a(3). ubiquinone and part of the flavoprotein are oxidized within 1 second under these conditions, and this rapid rate ...	1976	16659709
alternative respiratory path capacity in plant mitochondria: effect of growth temperature, the electrochemical gradient, and assay ph.	influence of growth temperature on the capacity of the mitochondrial alternative pathway of electron transport was investigated using etiolated corn (zea mays l.) seedlings. these seedlings were grown to comparable size in either a warm (30 degrees c) or a cold (13 degrees c) temperature regime, and then their respiration rates were measured as o(2) uptake at 25 degrees c. the capacity of the alternative pathway (kcn-insensitive o(2) uptake) was found essentially to double in shoots of cold-grow ...	1986	16664629
functional analysis of skunk cabbage sfucpb, a unique uncoupling protein lacking the fifth transmembrane domain, in yeast cells.	skunk cabbage, symplocarpus foetidus, expresses two uncoupling proteins (ucps), termed sfucpa and sfucpb, in the thermogenic organ spadix. sfucpb exhibits unique structural features characterized by the absence of the putative fifth transmembrane domain (tm5) observed in sfucpa, which is structurally similar to ucp1, and is abundantly expressed in the thermogenic spadix. here, we conducted a series of comparative analyses of ucps with six transmembrane domains, sfucpa and rat ucp1, and tm5-defic ...	2006	16935264
modeling of the thermoregulation system in the skunk cabbage: symplocarpus foetidus.	this paper presents a model of the thermoregulation system of the spadix of skunk cabbage symplocarpus foetidus which regulates its internal temperature at around 20 degrees c during flowering even when the ambient air temperature drops below freezing. from the temperature responses of the spadix to changing ambient air temperature, we assumed that the thermoregulation system of the spadix is probably one of negative feedback control. the feedback signals are based on the rate of temperature cha ...	2007	17930282
pyruvate-sensitive aox exists as a non-covalently associated dimer in the homeothermic spadix of the skunk cabbage, symplocarpus renifolius.	the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase (aox) is a homodimeric protein whose activity can be regulated by the oxidation/reduction state and by alpha-keto acids. to further clarify the role of aox in the skunk cabbage, symplocarpus renifolius, we have performed expression and functional analyses of the encoding gene. among the various tissues in the skunk cabbage, sraox transcripts were found to be specifically expressed in the thermogenic spadix. moreover, our data demonstrate that the sraox p ...	2007	18060878
functional coexpression of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase and uncoupling protein underlies thermoregulation in the thermogenic florets of skunk cabbage.	two distinct mitochondrial energy dissipating systems, alternative oxidase (aox) and uncoupling protein (ucp), have been implicated as crucial components of thermogenesis in plants and animals, respectively. to further clarify the physiological roles of aox and ucp during homeothermic heat production in the thermogenic skunk cabbage (symplocarpus renifolius), we identified the thermogenic cells and performed expression and functional analyses of these genes in this organism. thermographic analys ...	2008	18162588
characterization of the plant uncoupling protein, srucpa, expressed in spadix mitochondria of the thermogenic skunk cabbage.	in mammalian brown adipose tissue, uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1), an integral inner mitochondrial membrane protein, triggers a proton leak and converts the energy generated by the resulting electron flow into heat. although the recent finding of plant ucps in non-thermogenic tissues has questioned their involvement in thermogenesis, there are few studies of plant ucps in thermogenic tissues. therefore, in this work, two cloned ucp cdnas, srucpa and srucpb, isolated from the thermogenic spadix of s ...	2008	18308738
molecular identity of uncoupling proteins in thermogenic skunk cabbage.	thermogenic skunk cabbage has been reported to have two types of uncoupling protein (ucp), a typical 6-transmembrane (tm) srucpa and an atypical 5-tm srucpb. to verify further the role of srucps in thermogenic skunk cabbage, we examined the molecular identity of srucps in more detail. both mrna and genomic analyses supported the presence of srucpa, but not srucpb. furthermore, srucp protein purified from spadix mitochondria was identified as srucpa by mass spectrometry. these results clearly ind ...	2008	18974196
functional expression of plant alternative oxidase decreases antimycin a-induced reactive oxygen species production in human cells.	alternative oxidase (aox) plays a pivotal role in cyanide-resistance respiration in the mitochondria of plants, fungi and some protists. here we show that aox from thermogenic skunk cabbage successfully conferred cyanide resistance to human cells. in galactose medium, hela cells with mitochondria-targeted aox proteins were found to have significantly less reactive oxygen species production in response to antimycin-a exposure, a specific inhibitor of respiratory complex iii. these results suggest ...	2009	19059403
effects of floral thermogenesis on pollen function in asian skunk cabbage symplocarpus renifolius.	the effects of temperature on pollen germination and pollen tube growth rate were measured in vitro in thermogenic skunk cabbage, symplocarpus renifolius schott ex tzvelev, and related to floral temperatures in the field. this species has physiologically thermoregulatory spadices that maintain temperatures near 23 degrees c, even in sub-freezing air. tests at 8, 13, 18, 23, 28 and 33 degrees c showed sharp optima at 23 degrees c for both variables, and practically no development at 8 degrees c. ...	2009	19364718
in vivo redox state of the ubiquinone pool in the spadices of the thermogenic skunk cabbage, symplocarpus renifolius.	in vivo ubiquinone (uq) reduction levels were determined in thermogenic stigma and post-thermogenic male stages of spadices of the skunk cabbage, symplocarpus renifolius. in contrast to arum maculatum, in which the uq pool is almost fully reduced during thermogenesis, the reduction levels of uq9 and uq10 were not affected by the thermogenic status or developmental stage of individual s. renifolius spadices. moreover, these levels were controlled within the ranges 40-75% and 35-60%, respectively. ...	2009	19462157
developmental changes and organelle biogenesis in the reproductive organs of thermogenic skunk cabbage (symplocarpus renifolius).	sex-dependent thermogenesis during reproductive organ development in the inflorescence is a characteristic feature of some of the protogynous arum species. one such plant, skunk cabbage (symplocarpus renifolius), can produce massive heat during the female stage but not during the subsequent male stage in which the stamen completes development, the anthers dehisce, and pollen is released. unlike other thermogenic species, skunk cabbage belongs to the bisexual flower group. although recent studies ...	2009	19640927
what is critical for plant thermogenesis? differences in mitochondrial activity and protein expression between thermogenic and non-thermogenic skunk cabbages.	thermogenesis during the blooming of inflorescence is found in several but not all aroids. to understand what is critical for thermogenesis, we investigated the difference between thermogenic and non-thermogenic skunk cabbages (symplocarpus renifolius and lysichiton camtschatcensis), which are closely related in morphology and phylogeny. critical parameters of mitochondrial biogenesis, including density, respiratory activity, and protein expression were compared between these two species. mitoch ...	2009	19859730
the occurrence of antigoitrous substances in plants.	the development of simple goiter in rabbits, which results when they are fed on a diet consisting chiefly of cabbage (or other brassica) can be prevented by the feeding of certain fresh plants. lawn grass, fresh alfalfa, skunk cabbage and steamed cabbage press juice have been found effective. washing brassicae with water improves their goiter-producing action, probably by the removal of goiter-preventing substances. the antigoitrous effect of plant juices was found to vary with the amount of red ...	1933	19870116
palynological insights of the eastern asian and eastern north american disjunct genus symplocarpus (araceae).	symplocarpus l. (araceae) is a disjunct genus including s. foetidus (l.) nutt. var. latissimus (makino) s. hara, s. nipponicus makino, and s. nabekuraensis otsuka & k. inoue in temperate eastern asia; s. egorovii n. s. pavlova & v. a. nechaev in the russian far east; and s. foetidus (l.) nutt. in temperate northeastern north america. for the first time, pollen morphology of symplocarpus was investigated by light and scanning electron microscopes. symplocarpus foetidus var. latissimus and s. foet ...	2010	20393780
antimycobacterial screening of traditional medicinal plants using the microplate resazurin assay.	multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains have rapidly become a global health concern. north american first nations communities have used traditional medicines for generations to treat many pulmonary infections. in this study, we evaluated the antimycobacterial activity of 5 medicinal plants traditionally used as general therapeutics for pulmonary illnesses and specifically as treatments for tuberculosis. aqueous extracts of aralia nudicaulis, symplocarpus foetidus, heracleum maximu ...	2010	20657619
the gene expression landscape of thermogenic skunk cabbage suggests critical roles for mitochondrial and vacuolar metabolic pathways in the regulation of thermogenesis.	floral thermogenesis has been described in several plant species. because of the lack of comprehensive gene expression profiles in thermogenic plants, the molecular mechanisms by which floral thermogenesis is regulated remain to be established. we examined the gene expression landscape of skunk cabbage (symplocarpus renifolius) during thermogenic and post-thermogenic stages and identified expressed sequence tags from different developmental stages of the inflorescences using super serial analysi ...	2012	21955303
isolation and gene expression analysis of a papain-type cysteine protease in thermogenic skunk cabbage (symplocarpus renifolius).	skunk cabbage (symplocarpus renifolius) spadices contain abundant transcripts for cysteine protease (cp). from thermogenic spadices, we isolated srcpa, a highly expressed cp gene that encoded a papain-type cp. srcpa is structurally similar to other plant cps, including the senescence-associated cps found in aroids. the expression of srcpa increased during floral development, and was observed in all floral tissues except for the stamens.	2012	23047088
[heat-production and respiration control in eastern skunk cabbage].		2012	23240540
differential fractionation of oxygen isotopes by cyanide-resistant and cyanide-sensitive respiration in plants.	stable-isotope discrimination factors (d) for the uptake of oxygen during respiration by a variety of plant materials were determined by measuring (18)o enrichment in a closed system. baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae meyer) and mitochondrial preparations from baker's yeast and from castor bean (ricinus communis l.) endosperm, all of which are fully sensitive to cyanide, discriminated againt (18)o by about 16-18‰. whole medicago sativa l. seedlings, isolated intact asparagus sprengeri rege ...	1989	24212490
surface micro/nanotopography, wetting properties and the potential for biomimetic icephobicity of skunk cabbage symplocarpus foetidus.	lotus (nelumbo nucifera) is known for its two remarkable properties: superhydrophobicity and thermogenesis; however, the relationship between these two properties remains obscure. most botanists agree that thermogenesis helps to attract pollinators, while non-wetting helps to catch pollinators and prevents contamination. here we investigate the surface micro- and nanotopography and wetting properties of eastern skunk cabbage (symplocarpus foetidus), another thermogenic plant, which is known for ...	2014	25144747
the oxygen supply to thermogenic flowers.	thermogenic flowers produce heat by intense respiration, and the rates of o2 consumption (ṁo2) in some species can exceed those of all other tissues of plants and most animals. by exposing intact flowers to a range of o2 pressures (po2) and measuring ṁo2, we demonstrate that the highest respiration rates exceed the capacity of the o2 diffusive pathway and become diffusion limited in atmospheric air. the male florets on the inflorescence of arum concinnatum have the highest known mass-specific ṁo ...	2015	25256124
chemical composition and aroma evaluation of essential oils from skunk cabbage (symplocarpus foetidus).	two sample preparation methods, namely hydrodistillation (hd) and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (safe), have been used to investigate the essential oils of the aerial parts (leaves and stems) of symplocarpus foetidus, a plant with a characteristic odor, by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (gc-ms). characteristic aroma-active compounds in the oils were detected by gc-olfactometry (gc-o) and aroma extract dilution analysis (aeda). from the hd method, the main compounds in the oil were fo ...	0	26632948
the biochemical basis for thermoregulation in heat-producing flowers.	thermoregulation (homeothermy) in animals involves a complex mechanism involving thermal receptors throughout the body and integration in the hypothalamus that controls shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. the flowers of some ancient families of seed plants show a similar degree of physiological thermoregulation, but by a different mechanism. here, we show that respiratory control in homeothermic spadices of skunk cabbage (symplocarpus renifolius) is achieved by rate-determining biochemica ...	2016	27095582
characterization of two pebp genes, srft and srmft, in thermogenic skunk cabbage (symplocarpus renifolius).	floral thermogenesis has been found in dozens of primitive seed plants and the reproductive organs in these plants produce heat during anthesis. thus, characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying flowering is required to fully understand the role of thermogenesis, but this aspect of thermogenic plant development is largely unknown. in this study, extensive database searches and cloning experiments suggest that thermogenic skunk cabbage (symplocarpus renifolius), which is a member of t ...	2016	27389636
metabolic interplay between cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and mitochondrial alternative oxidase in thermogenic skunk cabbage, symplocarpus renifolius.	skunk cabbage (symplocarpus renifolius) blooms in early spring and its inflorescence, referred to as the spadix, can produce enough heat to melt snow. here, we investigated glycolytic carbon flow at the pep branch-point in thermogenic spadices. our analyses revealed that petals and pistils in thermogenic florets exhibited higher expression of srpepc and sraox transcripts than those of srpk, srpepck, and srpeptase. moreover, enzymatic analyses showed high activities of pepc in the extracts from t ...	2016	27739913
jack of one trade, master of none: host choice by drosophila magnaquinaria.	host selection by phytophagous insects is generally thought to be based on chemical or nutritional characteristics of the host. this is especially true for monophagous insects. however, many other factors may influence host choice. the present study examines host selection by drosophila magnaquinaria, whose sole host is the yellow skunk cabbage, lysichitum americanum. utilization of skunk cabbage was tested relative to a set of alternative hosts. in the pre-alighting stage of host selection, sku ...	1991	28313208
respiration of thermogenic inflorescences of skunk cabbage symplocarpus renifolius in heliox.	the respiration rate of the thermogenic inflorescences of japanese skunk cabbage symplocarpus renifolius can reach 300 nmol s-1 g-1 , which is sufficient to raise spadix temperature (ts ) up to 15 °c above ambient air temperature (ta ). respiration rate is inversely related to ta , such that the ts achieves a degree of independence from ta , an effect known as temperature regulation. here, we measure oxygen consumption rate (ṁo2 ) in air (21% o2 in mainly n2 ) and in heliox (21% o2 in he) to inv ...	2018	29121698