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gastrointestinal helminths of the cetaceans phocoena spinipinnis (burmeister, 1865) and cephalorhynchus eutropia (gray, 1846) from the southern coast of chile.gastrointestinal helminths of the cetaceans cephalorhynchus eutropia and phocoena spinipinnis accidentally entangled in gillnets off the coast of queule, chile, were identified from 1989 to 1990. pseudoterranova sp., polymorphus (polymorphus) cetaceum and synthesium tursionis occurred in both cetaceans. additionally, anisakis sp. and braunina cordiformis were found in c. eutropia, and anisakis simplex was identified from p. spinipinnis. the species with the highest prevalence and mean intensity ...19921602588
evidence of poxvirus in dusky dolphin (lagenorhynchus obscurus) and burmeister's porpoise (phocoena spinipinnis) from coastal peru.in 1990, 74 dusky dolphins (lagenorhynchus obscurus) and 10 burmeister's porpoises (phocoena spinipinnis) were examined for the presence of hyperpigmented marks and pinhole lesions on the skin (tattoo lesions) at the fishing terminal of pucusana, central peru. prevalences of tattoo lesions were 8.1% and 30% in the dolphins and porpoises, respectively. intracytoplasmic poxviruses were demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy in ultrathin sections of three of eight samples of infected epid ...19938383251
phylogenetic relationships among the true porpoises (cetacea:phocoenidae).portions of the cytochrome b gene and control region of the mitochondrial dna molecule were sequenced to investigate systematic relationships among the six extant species of true porpoises, (cetacea: phocoenidae). phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences support a close relationship between burmeister's porpoise, phocoena spinipinnis, and the vaquita, phocoena sinus, and the association of these two species with the spectacled porpoise, australophocaena dioptrica. the latter ...19958747302
serological evidence of morbillivirus infection in small cetaceans from the southeast pacific.the presence of morbillivirus-specific serum antibodies was examined by an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) and virus neutralization tests in serum samples from 30 dusky dolphins (lagenorhynchus obscurus), 8 long-snouted common dolphins (delphinus capensis), 2 inshore and 6 offshore bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) and 20 burmeister's porpoises (phocoena spinipinnis) taken in fisheries off central peru in 1993-1995. the sera from six dusky dolphins, one common dolphin ...19989549850
a review of virus infections of cataceans and the potential impact of morbilliviruses, poxviruses and papillomaviruses on host population dynamics.viruses belonging to 9 families have been detected in cetaceans. we critically review the clinical features, pathology and epidemiology of the diseases they cause. cetacean morbillivirus (family paramyxoviridae) induces a serious disease with a high mortality rate and persists in several populations. it may have long-term effects on the dynamics of cetacean populations either as enzootic infection or recurrent epizootics. the latter presumably have the more profound impact due to removal of sexu ...199910590929
serological evidence of brucella species infection in odontocetes from the south pacific and the mediterranean.sera from 58 odontocetes taken in fisheries off peru in 1993 to 1995 and from 24 cetaceans stranded along the spanish coast of the mediterranean in 1997 to 1999 were tested for the presence of brucella species antibodies in competitive and indirect elisas (celisa and ielisa). among the animals from peru, 21 of 27 (77.8 per cent) lagenorhynchus obscurus, three of six delphinus capensis, one of two inshore and two of three offshore tursiops truncatus and five of 20 (25 per cent) phocoena spinipinn ...200111400986
isolation and characterization of the first american bottlenose dolphin papillomavirus: tursiops truncatus papillomavirus type 2.a novel papillomavirus (pv) was isolated from a genital condyloma of a free-ranging bottlenose dolphin inhabiting the coastal waters of charleston harbor, sc, usa: tursiops truncatus papillomavirus type 2 (ttpv2). this novel virus represents the first isolated north american cetacean pv and the first american bottlenose dolphin pv. after the viral genome was cloned, sequenced and characterized genetically, phylogenetic analyses revealed that ttpv2 is most similar to the only published cetacean p ...200617098971
genital warts in burmeister's porpoises: characterization of phocoena spinipinnis papillomavirus type 1 (pspv-1) and evidence for a second, distantly related pspv.we identified sequences from two distantly related papillomaviruses in genital warts from two burmeister's porpoises, including a pv antigen-positive specimen, and characterized phocoena spinipinnis papillomavirus type 1 (pspv-1). the pspv-1 genome comprises 7879 nt and presents unusual features. it lacks an e7, an e8 and a bona fide e5 open reading frame (orf) and has a large e6 orf. pspv-1 l1 orf showed the highest percentage of nucleotide identity (54-55 %) with human papillomavirus type 5, b ...200717554024
genetic drift vs. natural selection in a long-term small isolated population: major histocompatibility complex class ii variation in the gulf of california endemic porpoise (phocoena sinus).although many studies confirm long-term small isolated populations (e.g. island endemics) commonly sustain low neutral genetic variation as a result of genetic drift, it is less clear how selection on adaptive or detrimental genes interplay with random forces. we investigated sequence variation at two major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii loci on a porpoise endemic to the upper gulf of california, méxico (phocoena sinus, or vaquita). its unique declining population is estimated around ...200717727623
parasites in stranded cetaceans of patagonia.there is an increasing interest in parasites of marine mammals of argentina. here, we examined several poorly known cetaceans, i.e., 2 spectacled porpoises and 1 burmeister's porpoise (phocoenidae), and 1 gray's beaked whale and 1 cuvier's beaked whale (ziphidae); we also updated the parasite information for 1 sperm whale (physeteridae). these hosts strand only occasionally. we found anisakis simplex s.l. in 2 spectacled porpoises and the burmeister's porpoise, and recorded its distribution amon ...200818576713
genomic characterization of novel dolphin papillomaviruses provides indications for recombination within the papillomaviridae.phylogenetic analysis of novel dolphin (tursiops truncatus) papillomavirus sequences, ttpv1, -2, and -3, indicates that the early and late protein coding regions of their genomes differ in evolutionary history. sliding window bootscan analysis showed a significant a change in phylogenetic clustering, in which the grouped sequences of ttpv1 and -3 move from a cluster with the phocoena spinipinnis pspv1 in the early region to a cluster with ttpv2 in the late region. this provides indications for a ...200818579177
epidemiological pattern of tattoo skin disease: a potential general health indicator for cetaceans.the presence of tattoo skin disease (tsd) was examined in 1392 free-ranging and dead odontocetes comprising 17 species from the americas, europe, south africa, new zealand and greenland. we investigated whether tsd prevalence varied with sex, age and health status. tsd was encountered in cetaceans from the pacific and atlantic oceans as well as in those from the north, mediterranean and tasman seas. no clear patterns related to geography and host phylogeny were detected, except that prevalence o ...200919750811
papillomavirus antibody prevalence in free-ranging and captive bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus).genital epithelial tumors of atlantic bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus [tt]) and burmeister's porpoises (phocoena spinipinnis) were formerly shown to be associated with papillomavirus (pv) infection. papillomaviruses are highly prevalent viruses involved in the development of various tumor types in a wide range of animals, and so-called high-risk pvs contribute to malignant progression. in marine mammals, the incidence and prevalence of pv infection, transmission pathways, and persistence ...201020090026
interspecific variation of ontogeny and skull shape among porpoises (phocoenidae).all extant members of phocoenidae (porpoises) have been characterized as pedomorphic based on skeletal characters. to investigate the ontogenetic background for pedomorphosis and assess interspecific differences in ontogeny among phocoenids, samples of the six extant species were compared in terms of development of both epiphyseal and cranial suture fusion. across all species, full maturity of the vertebral column was rare. vertebral epiphyseal development did not progress so far in most phocoen ...201020967830
comparative morphology of porpoise (cetacea: phocoenidae) pterygoid sinuses: phylogenetic and functional implications.high-resolution x-ray computed tomographic scans were used to examine pterygoid sinus morphology within extant porpoise species and one delphinid (tursiops truncatus), in order to consider: 1) intraspecific and interspecific variation among the studied species; 2) the most parsimonious sequence of character acquisition; and 3) the potential functional roles of the preorbital lobes of the sinuses in sound reflection. scans revealed that the pterygoid/palatine regions are mediolaterally broader in ...201322965565
choroid plexus cyst in a neonatal burmeister's porpoise (phocoena spinipinnis).neuroectodermal developmental anomalies are reported rarely in cetaceans and central nervous system cysts are not described. we describe the gross, microscopical, histochemical and immunohistochemical features of a neuraxial myelencephalic cyst in a stranded neonatal burmeister's porpoise (phocoena spinipinnis). grossly, a subdural, extra-axial, well-demarcated, yellow fluid-filled cystic structure (1.9 × 1.6 × 1 cm) expanded the left foramen of luschka, the left caudolateral cerebellar recess a ...201728735671
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