Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| quantitative aspects of the transformations of sulphur in sheep. | 1. [35s]sulphate was used to obtain quantitative estimates of the transfer of sulphur between the blood, rumen and postruminal tract of four sheep given brome grass (bromus inermis) pellets or lucerne (medicago sativa) pellets at the rate of 33 or 66 g/h. sodium sulphate (0-4 g s/d) was infused into the rumen or abomasum of sheep given brome grass during four periods of 19 d and was not infused into the sheep during a subsequent period in which lucerne was given. the flow of sulphide, sulphate, ... | 1978 | 619981 |
| transfer of urea from the blood to the rumen of sheep. | 1. the rate of transfer of plasma urea-nitrogen to rumen ammonia was measured by infusion of 15nh4cl and [15n]urea into sheep given brome grass (bromus inermis) or lucerne (medicago sativa) pellets. urea was infused into the rumen or abomasum of two sheep given brome grass in order to increase the concentration of rumen ammonia. 2. from 6.2 to 9.8 g/d of plasma urea-n were transferred to the rumen of sheep given brome grass pellets and a measurement of 1.3 g nitrogen/d was obtained for a sheep g ... | 1978 | 666998 |
| the effect of cold exposure of sheep on digestion, rumen turnover time and efficiency of microbial synthesis. | 1. six closely shorn sheep were given brome grass (bromus inermis) pellets at 1 h intervals and maintained at ambient temperatures of --i to idegree and 18--21degrees for 28 d. measurements of digestion were made during the last 10 d of temperature exposure. 2. cold exposure resulted in a reduction in apparent dry matter (dm) digestibility from 0-482 to 0-450, and of apparent digestibility of organic matter (om) from 0-511 to 0-477. neither apparent digestibility nor retention of nitrogen was af ... | 1976 | 952836 |
| cantharidin decreases in vitro digestion of alfalfa and smooth bromegrass. | blister beetles (coleoptera:meloidae) containing the toxin cantharidin can be incorporated with alfalfa (medicago sativa l) during forage conservation. cantharidin inadvertently ingested with animal feed may cause illness or death. little information is available on the effects of cantharidin on ruminant microbial digestion. the objective of our study was to determine cantharidin effects on digestibility of alfalfa and smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss) by measuring in vitro digestible dry ... | 1990 | 2238434 |
| a quantitative model of reticulo-rumen particle degradation and passage. | labelled particles were prepared by mordanting low concentrations (0.1 or 5 g/kg dry matter) of chromium to neutral-detergent-extracted stems (1-2 mm or 10 mm in length) of bromegrass (bromus inermis). these were used in the study of reticulo-rumen particle kinetics of four steers given bromegrass hay and from the results a quantitative model of particle digestion and passage was developed. at the 0.1 g cr/kg concentration there was minimal interference with digestibility of the feedstuff. the r ... | 1989 | 2819027 |
| mefluidide effects on smooth brome composition and grazing cow-calf performance. | mefluidide, a plant growth regulator, was evaluated in two cow-calf grazing trials and one herbage trial on smooth brome (bromus inermis) pastures stocked at recommended densities in eastern nebraska. mefluidide-treated pasture increased cow and calf production during august of 1982 (p = .03) and calf production was greater during july of 1983 (p = .09). mefluidide-treated smooth brome pastures increased calf production over the 1982 grazing season (p = .11) and cow gain over the 1982 (p = .12) ... | 1986 | 3021702 |
| escape protein supplementation of yearling steers grazing smooth brome pastures. | two grazing trials utilizing individually supplemented yearling steers were conducted to study the effect of supplemental escape protein on steer performance during the active growth periods, spring and fall, of smooth brome (bromus inermis). graded levels (0, .11, .23 and .34 kg.head-1.d-1) of an equal-protein-basis mixture of bloodmeal and corn gluten meal were offered daily, replacing corn starch, which was used as the negative control. all steers received 582 g supplemental dry matter per da ... | 1988 | 3366711 |
| effects of cold exposure on feed protein degradation, microbial protein synthesis and transfer of plasma urea to the rumen of sheep. | 1. three diets of barley-canola-seed (brassica campestris), lucerne (medicago sativa) or chopped brome-grass (bromus inermis) were given at intervals of 3 h to closely-shorn suffolk wethers held at a temperature of 1-5 degree (cold) or 22-24 degree (warm). apparent digestibility of organic matter (om) and nitrogen was reduced by 0.08-0.05 and 0.04 units respectively for lucerne and brome-grass diets given to cold-exposed sheep, but no treatment effects on digestibility were observed for the barl ... | 1982 | 7082623 |
| influences of dietary sucrose and urea on transfer of endogenous urea to the rumen of sheep and numbers of epithelial bacteria. | 1. the rates of transfer of plasma urea to the rumen of six sheep given brome grass (bromus inermis) pellets alone or with supplements of sucrose or urea were determined using [14c] urea and 14c-labelled sodium bicarbonate infusions during three periods. 2. the sheep were slaughtered after the third period and samples of rumen epithelium were taken for assessment of numbers of adherent bacteria. 3. maximum transfer (0.31 g nitrogen/h) of urea ot the rumen was observed for sheep given supplements ... | 1981 | 7317347 |
| ruminal degradation of switchgrass, big bluestem, and smooth bromegrass leaf proteins. | two in situ protein disappearance experiments were conducted to determine disappearance rates of leaf protein fractions and characterize individual leaf protein fractions that escaped ruminal degradation. fresh leaf blades of two warm-season grasses, switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) and big bluestem (andropogon gerardii vitman), and one cool-season grass, smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.), were included in exp. 1. only warm-season grasses were used in exp. 2. leaves were harvested from ... | 1995 | 7601796 |
| effects of different supplements on splanchnic oxygen consumption and net fluxes of nutrients in sheep consuming bromegrass (bromus inermis) hay ad libitum. | fifteen sheep (53 kg), with catheters in a hepatic vein, the portal vein and a mesenteric vein and artery, were offered a bromegrass (bromus inermis) hay (104 g crude protein (cp), 700 g neutral-detergent fibre and 65 g acid-detergent lignin/kg dry matter (dm) ad lib. with different supplements to determine the effects on net flux of oxygen and nutrients across the portal-drained viscera (pdv) and liver. the sheep were unsupplemented (control) or received 5 g dm/kg body weight (bw) of ground mai ... | 1994 | 7826993 |
| oviposition and development of face flies in dung from cattle on herbage and supplemented herbage diets. | dung was collected from angus cattle (bos taurus l.) fed (ad libitum) hays of endophyte-free (ef) and endophyte (acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams) infected (ei) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.), red clover (trifolium pratense l.), alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), and alfalfa-smooth bromegrass (1:1 w/w) and green-chopped kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.). samples of dung were subsequently collected from the same animals offered the ... | 1994 | 7886909 |
| abscisic acid-induced heat tolerance in bromus inermis leyss cell-suspension cultures. heat-stable, abscisic acid-responsive polypeptides in combination with sucrose confer enhanced thermostability. | increased heat tolerance is most often associated with the synthesis of heat-shock proteins following pre-exposure to a nonlethal heat treatment. in this study, a bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss cv manchar) cell suspension cultured in a medium containing 75 microm abscisic acid (aba) without prior heat treatment had a 87% survival rate, as determined by regrowth analysis, following exposure to 42.5 degrees c for 120 min. in contrast, less than 1% of the control cells survived this heat treatmen ... | 1994 | 8029349 |
| phylogenetic relationships of 10 grass species: an assessment of phylogenetic utility of the internal transcribed spacer region in nuclear ribosomal dna in monocots. | entire sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (itss) and 5.8s subunit of nuclear ribosomal dna (nrdna) were obtained from nine grass species by direct double-stranded sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified dna fragments. these sequences from subfamily pooideae (triticum aestivum, crithodium monococcum, sitopsis speltoides, hordeum vulgare, secale montanum, avena longiglumis, bromus inermis, brachypodium distachyon) and subfamily panicoideae (sorghum bicolor) together with ... | 1994 | 8181731 |
| molecular cloning of abscisic acid-responsive mrnas expressed during the induction of freezing tolerance in bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss) suspension culture. | abscisic acid (aba) increases the freezing tolerance of bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss) cell-suspension cultures at 23 degrees c and elicits many metabolic changes similar to those observed during cold acclimation. induction and maintenance of freezing tolerance by aba is accompanied by the expression of novel polypeptides and translatable rnas. the objective of this study was to isolate and characterize aba-responsive cdnas associated with aba-induced freezing tolerance in bromegrass cell cul ... | 1993 | 8310047 |
| influence of aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on forage intake, site of digestion, in situ degradability, and duodenal amino acid flow in steers grazing cool-season pasture. | ten ruminally and duodenally cannulated (326 +/- 28 kg) and four esophageally fistulated (394 +/- 23 kg) steers grazing cool-season pasture throughout the growing season were used to evaluate the influence of aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (ao) supplementation on intake, forage nutrient utilization, and duodenal amino acid flow. steers grazed a predominantly smooth brome (bromus inermis l.) pasture, and measurements were taken in three periods (june, july, and august). steers were dosed ... | 1993 | 8385089 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the triticeae (poaceae) based on rpoa sequence data. | a phylogenetic analysis was conducted on 31 diploid species representing 21 of the 24 monogenomic genera of the triticeae. the data used were derived from a 1343- to 1358-bp region of the plastid genome spanning the entire rpoa gene plus minor parts of the petd and rps11 genes and the two intergenic spacers surrounding rpoa. bromus inermis (bromeae) was used as an outgroup. a total of 68 variable sites, 25 of them phylogenetically informative, and seven length mutations were detected. the length ... | 1997 | 9126564 |
| an aldose reductase homolog from the resurrection plant xerophyta viscosa baker. | an aldose reductase homologue (aldrxv4) was cloned from the resurrection plant xerophyta viscosa baker using complementation by functional sufficiency in escherichia coli. a cdna library constructed from x. viscosa leaves dehydrated to 85%, 37% and 5% relative water contents (rwc) was converted into an infective phagemid library. escherichia coli (sr1::tn10) cells transformed with ds-pbluescript phagemids were selected on minimal medium plates supplemented with 1 mm isopropyl beta-d-thiogalactop ... | 2000 | 11089682 |
| inheritance of resistance in smooth bromegrass to the crown rust fungus. | common smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.) is octoploid, 2n = 8x = 56, with a genome structure of aaaab1b1b2b2. tetrasomic inheritance patterns have been observed in smooth bromegrass, but disomic inheritance is also expected from cytologic observations. smooth bromegrass is susceptible to the crown rust fungus (puccinia coronata corda.). the objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of smooth bromegrass resistance to p. coronata. seven smooth bromegrass clones, three suscep ... | 2000 | 11218086 |
| species and nitrogen effect on growth rate, tiller density, and botanical composition in grass hay production. | numerous studies have evaluated growth, stand dynamics, and botanical composition of grass swards separately, but little information is available on the interaction of these factors. the objectives of this study were to determine the response of growth rate, tiller density, and botanical composition in orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.), smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.), and timothy (phleum pratense l.) to different n levels. growth rates ranged from 8.6 to 1.54, 9.14 to 0.67, and 4.1 ... | 2002 | 11756276 |
| dispersal of adult european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) within and proximal to irrigated and non-irrigated corn. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), causes economic damage to corn, zea mays l., throughout the corn belt. because this insect has become the primary target of bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) transgenic corn, current efforts addressing the management of o. nubilalis resistance to bt corn require information on adult european corn borer dispersal and factors affecting its dispersal. in 1998 we conducted mark-release-recapture, release-recapture, and caged-mating studies to ... | 2001 | 11777038 |
| bioavailable phosphorus in runoff from alfalfa, smooth bromegrass, and alfalfa-smooth bromegrass. | runoff from sloping landscapes cropped with established alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) may contain bioavailable p (bap) which accelerates eutrophication of surface water bodies. such bap exists as either dissolved reactive p (drp) or bioavailable reactive particulate p (bpp). we hypothesized that before and after harvest, sod-forming smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.) or alfalfa-smooth bromegrass mixtures would have less bap, drp, and bpp runoff losses than taprooted alfalfa. swards establi ... | 2013 | 11837433 |
| evaluation of hay-type and grazing-tolerant alfalfa cultivars in season-long or complementary rotational stocking systems for beef cows. | alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) persistence and forage and cow-calf production were evaluated on pastures containing smooth bromegrass with or without grazing-tolerant or hay-type alfalfa cultivars rotationally stocked in either a season-long or complementary system. in 1997, six 2.02-ha pastures were seeded with smooth bromegrass, a mixture of a grazing-tolerant alfalfa (amerigraze variety) and smooth brome-grass, or a mixture of a hay-type alfalfa (affinity variety) and smooth bromegrass to be us ... | 2002 | 11890414 |
| effects of abscisic acid metabolites and analogs on freezing tolerance and gene expression in bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss) cell cultures. | optical isomers and racemic mixtures of abscisic acid (aba) and the aba metabolites abscisyl alcohol (aba alc), abscisyl aldehyde (aba ald), phaseic acid (pa), and 7[prime]hydroxyaba (7[prime]ohaba) were studied to determine their effects on freezing tolerance and gene expression in bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss) cell-suspension cultures. a dihydroaba analog (dhaba) series that cannot be converted to pa was also investigated. racemic aba, (+)-aba, ([plus or minus])-dhaba, and (+)-dhaba were t ... | 1994 | 12232245 |
| comparison of dehydrin gene expression and freezing tolerance in bromus inermis and secale cereale grown in controlled environments, hydroponics, and the field. | there have been very few reports on the expression of stress-responsive genes in field-grown material. a barley dehydrin cdna was used to investigate the expression of dehydrin-like transcripts after low-temperature and abscisic acid-induced acclimation of bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss) suspension cells and of bromegrass and rye (secale cereale) plants grown in the field and under controlled environmental conditions. field-acclimated plants accumulated high levels of dehydrin transcripts and ... | 1994 | 12232403 |
| morphological variation in different host populations of abacarus hystrix (acari: prostigmata: eriophyoidea). | the present systematic classification of eriophyoidea is widely recognised as artificial and not reflecting plant-herbivore linkage. quantitative description of host-related morphological variation can provide the basic information needed to improve the eriophyoid taxonomic system and enhance our understanding of mechanisms generating this variation. the purpose of this study was to investigate quantitative morphological traits of populations of cereal rust mite abacarus hystrix (nalepa 1896) li ... | 2002 | 12537292 |
| ability of cold-tolerant plants to grow in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. | phytoremediation of hydrocarbons in soil involves plants and their associated microorganisms. differences in environmental conditions and restrictions on species importation mean that each country may need to identify indigenous plants to use for phytoremedation. screening plants for hydrocarbon tolerance before screening for degradation ability may prove more economical than screening directly for degradation. thirty-nine cold-tolerant plants native, or exotic and naturalized, in western canada ... | 2003 | 12929494 |
| the effect of five forage species on transport and transformation of atrazine and isoxaflutole (balance) in lysimeter leachate. | a field lysimeter study with bare ground and five different ground covers was established to evaluate the effect of forage grasses on the fate and transport of two herbicides in leachate. the herbicides were atrazine (atr; 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) and isoxaflutole [ixf; 5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methylsulfonyl-4-trifluormethyl-benzoyl)isoxazole], which has the commercial name balance (aventis crop science, strasbourg, france). the ground covers included orchardgrass (dacty ... | 2013 | 14674520 |
| vegetation establishment on a deposit of zinc mine wastes. | field trials concerning the establishment of plant cover on a deposit of wastes from the ammeberg zinc mine in central sweden were carried out during 1976-1985. different soil conditioners and manures were applied and plant species cultivars were evaluated with regard to plant biomass, vigour, durability and content of zinc, lead and cadmium. sewage sludge and topsoil led to better establishment of grasses than did municipal waste, straw and hydraulic seeding. after 2 years, festuca rubra and po ... | 1989 | 15092483 |
| a lipid transfer protein gene bg-14 is differentially regulated by abiotic stress, aba, anisomycin, and sphingosine in bromegrass (bromus inermis). | the objective was to investigate the expression of a lipid transfer protein gene (ltp) both in bromegrass (bromus inermis) cells and seedlings after exposure to abiotic stresses, abscisic acid (aba), anisomycin, and sphingosine. a full-length cdna clone bg-14 isolated from bromegrass suspension cell culture encodes a polypeptide of 124 amino acids with typical ltp characteristics, such as a conserved arrangement of cysteine residues. during active stages of cold acclimation ltp expression was up ... | 2004 | 15128032 |
| overland and near-surface transport of cryptosporidium parvum from vegetated and nonvegetated surfaces. | understanding microbial pathogen transport patterns in overland flow is important for developing best management practices for limiting microbial transport to water resources. knowledge about the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips (vfs) to reduce pathogen transport from livestock confinement areas is limited. in this study, overland and near-surface transport of cryptosporidium parvum has been investigated. effects of land slopes, vegetation, and rainfall intensities on oocyst transport w ... | 2004 | 15224935 |
| in situ dynamics of phosphorus in the rhizosphere solution of five species. | root activity can modify the chemistry of the rhizosphere and alter phosphorus (p) availability and uptake. however, until recently, relatively little was known about the dynamics of soil solution p at the root surface because of our inability to measure in situ changes in solution p at the plant root. a mini-rhizotron experiment with corn (zea mays l. cv. stine 2250), soybean [glycine max (l.) merr. cv. pioneer 3563), cottonwood (populus deltoids l.), smooth brome (bromus inermis leyss.), and s ... | 2013 | 15254121 |
| identification and immunogold localization of a novel bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss) peroxisome channel protein induced by aba, cold and drought stresses, and late embryogenesis. | a cdna (bg-15) was isolated through differential screening of a cdna library made from an aba-treated bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss) suspension cell culture. the 819 bp pair cdna encoded a 174 amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 18.08 kd and isolectric point of 7.50. the deduced amino acid sequences for the cdna were 29.5% and 32.6% homologous to the known amino acid-selective channel proteins of the chloroplastic outer membrane in pea and barley, but were highly homolo ... | 2005 | 16226403 |
| effect of growth phase on survival of bromegrass suspension cells following cryopreservation and abiotic stresses. | cryopreservation is a practical method of preserving plant cell cultures and their genetic integrity. it has long been believed that cryopreservation of plant cell cultures is best performed with cells at the late lag or early exponential growth phase. at these stages the cells are small and non-vacuolated. this belief was based on studies using conventional slow prefreezing protocols and survival determined with fluorescein diacetate staining or 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride assays. this ... | 2006 | 16390844 |
| capillary zone electrophoretic determination of phenolic compounds in chess (bromus inermis l.) plant extracts. | a simple cze method for quantification of phenolic compounds (vanillin, cinnamic, sinapic, chlorogenic, syringic, ferulic, benzoic, p-coumaric, vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic, rosmarinic, caffeic, gallic and protocatechuic acids) in less than 10 min using 20 mm sodium tetraborate (ph 9.2) with 5% v/v methanol as a bge and with uv detection at 254 nm is described. the lods (3 s/n) ranged between 0.02 and 0.12 microg/ ml. repeatabilities (rsds) were 0.66-1.8 and 1.56-4.23% for migration times and peak ... | 2006 | 16524108 |
| determination of undegradable intake protein digestibility of forages using the mobile nylon bag technique. | two experiments were conducted using 2 ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers to determine the digestibility of undegradable intake protein (uip) of smooth bromegrass (bromis inermis), birdsfoot trefoil (lotus coniculatus l.), and heat-treated alfalfa (medicago sativa) using the mobile nylon bag technique. undegradable intake protein was determined using neutral detergent insoluble cp at a single in situ incubation time point based on 75% of the total mean retention time estimated from ivdmd ... | 2006 | 16543566 |
| structure-activity relationships of abscisic acid analogs based on the induction of freezing tolerance in bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss) cell cultures. | the induction of freezing tolerance in bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss) cell culture was used to investigate the activity of absisic acid (aba) analogs. analogs were either part of an array of 32 derived from systematic alterations to four regions of the aba molecule or related, pure optical isomers. alterations were made to the functional group at c-1 (acid replaced with methyl ester, aldehyde, or alcohol), the configuration at c-2, c-3 (cis double bond replaced with trans double bond), the bo ... | 1992 | 16653234 |
| factors influencing the induction of freezing tolerance by abscisic acid in cell suspension cultures of bromus inermis leyss and medicago sativa l. | a 2-gram fresh weight inoculum of bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss. culture bg970) cell suspension culture treated with 7.5 x 10(-5) molar abscisic acid (aba) for 7 days at 25 degrees c survived slow cooling to -60 degrees c. over 80% of the cells in aba treated cultures survived immersion in liquid n(2) after slow cooling to -40 or -60 degrees c. in contrast, a 6-gram fresh weight inoculum only attained a hardiness level of -28 degrees c after 5 days of aba treatment. ethanol (2 x 10(-2) molar) ... | 1987 | 16665261 |
| protein synthesis in bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss) cultured cells during the induction of frost tolerance by abscisic acid or low temperature. | bromus inermis leyss cell cultures treated with 75 micromolar abscisic acid (aba) at both 23 and 3 degrees c developed more freezing resistance than cells cultured at 3 degrees c. protein synthesis in cells induced to become freezing tolerant by aba and low temperature was monitored by [(14)c]leucine incorporation. protein synthesis continued at 3 degrees c, but net cell growth was stopped. most of the major proteins detected at 23 degrees c were synthesized at 3 degrees c. however, some protein ... | 1987 | 16665607 |
| identification of proteins correlated with increased freezing tolerance in bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss. cv manchar) cell cultures. | cellular and extracellular protein profiles from bromus inermis leyss. cv manchar cell suspension cultures cold hardened by low temperature and abscisic acid (aba) treatment were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. cellular proteins (25, 165, 190, and 200 kilodaltons) increased by low temperature growth and cellular proteins (20, 25, 28, 30, 32, 37, 40, 45, 200 kilodaltons) increased by exogenous aba treatment were identified. low tempe ... | 1988 | 16665909 |
| water content during abscisic acid induced freezing tolerance in bromegrass cells. | changes in water content and dry weight were determined in control cells and those induced to cold harden in response to abscisic acid (aba) treatment (7.5 x 10(-5) molar). bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss cv manchar) cells grown in suspension culture at room temperature (23 degrees c) for 7 days acclimated to -28 degrees c (lt(50)) when treated with aba, or to -5 degrees c when untreated. aba significantly reduced cell growth rates at 5 and 7 days after treatment. growth reduction was due to a ... | 1990 | 16667488 |
| abscisic acid increases terrestrial plant cell resistance to hydrostatic pressure. | cells of the terrestrial plant species bromegrass (bromus inermis l.) are not naturally adapted to withstand the hydrostatic pressures encountered in aquatic environments. however, after treatment with the natural plant growth hormone abscisic acid (75 micromolar), bromegrass cells survived a hydrostatic pressure of 101.3 megapascals, approximating the limits of ocean depth (10,860 m). the increased resistance to hydrostatic pressure from 1 to 7 days of abscisic acid treatment paralleled the ind ... | 1992 | 16668704 |
| utilization of biosolids during the phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. | addition of anaerobically digested sewage sludge (biosolids) to soil may improve conditions for phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons (phcs) through improved soil chemical, biological, and physical properties. a 32-wk greenhouse study investigated three rates of biosolids addition (0, 13.34, and 26.68 g oven-dry biosolids kg(-1) oven-dry soil) and the presence or absence of smooth brome (bromus inermis leyss. cv. carlton) plants on the removal of diesel (3.5 g kg(-1) oven-dry soil) in an in ... | 2013 | 16738382 |
| cell wall composition of smooth bromegrass plants selected for divergent fiber concentration. | neutral detergent fiber (ndf) is considered the single best laboratory predictor of voluntary intake by ruminant livestock, creating interest in using ndf as a selection criterion in forage breeding programs. because genetic reductions in ndf lead to increases in dry matter digestibility but not to changes in digestibility of the ndf fraction, we postulated that low-ndf plants do not have altered compositions of their cell walls. we tested this hypothesis using clones of smooth bromegrass (bromu ... | 2006 | 17032030 |
| landscape context outweighs local habitat quality in its effects on herbivore dispersal and distribution. | past studies with spatially structured herbivore populations have emphasized the primacy of intrinsic factors (e.g., patch quality), patch geometry (e.g., patch size and isolation), and more recently landscape context (e.g., matrix composition) in affecting local population abundance and dispersal rate. however, few studies have examined the relative importance of each factor, or how they might interact to affect herbivore abundance or dispersal. here, we performed a factorial field experiment t ... | 2007 | 17120056 |
| the impact of invasive grasses on the population growth of anemone patens, a long-lived native forb. | negative impacts of invasive plants on natives have been well documented, but much less is known about whether invasive plants can cause population level declines. we used demographic models to investigate the effects of two invasive grasses on the demography and population growth of anemone patens, a long-lived native perennial of north american grasslands. demographic data of a. patens growing in patches characterized by bromus inermis, poa pratensis, or native grasses were used to parameteriz ... | 2006 | 17249243 |
| pathogenic fungal species isolated from leaves and seeds of smooth brome (bromus inermis leyss.). | authors made mycological investigations on smooth brome (bromus inermis leyss.) cultivar 'k51'. during the vegetation period presence and dominance of fungal species were revealed and seed infection rates were tested in two winter season. puccinia recondita, puccinia coronata, stagnospora bromi and drechslera dictyoides were dominated on the leaves, but saprotrophic fungal genera (alternaria, epicoccum, cladosporium, pithomyces) were also identified. considerable rate of seed infection were obse ... | 2006 | 17390865 |
| a fertile polyhaploid in bromus inermis. | 1948 | 18123088 | |
| [effects of sand burying on caryopsis germination and seedling growth of bromus inermis leyss]. | this paper studied the effects of different depth sand burying on the caryopsis germination, seedling emergence and growth of bromus inermis leyss., a perennial gramineous grass dominated on othidag sandy land. the results showed that the maximum burying depth for b. inermis caryopsis germination and seedling emergence was 12 cm and 8 cm, respectively. below the thresholds, the percentages of caryopsis germination and seedling emergence decreased with increasing depth of sand burying. all the 1- ... | 2007 | 18260444 |
| characterization of cold-responsive extracellular chitinase in bromegrass cell cultures and its relationship to antifreeze activity. | a cold-responsive chitinase gene, bicht1, was isolated from bromegrass (bromus inermis) 'manchar' suspension cells. bicht1 messenger rna was detected at low levels in nonstressed bromegrass cells, whereas its accumulation was induced by incubation at 10 degrees c and 4 degrees c as detected by northern- and western-blot analyses. bicht1 was highly homologous to rye cht9, known to encode an antifreeze protein. bicht1 was overexpressed in escherichia coli and bromegrass cells using genetic transfo ... | 2008 | 18359848 |
| soil sulfur amendments suppress selenium uptake by alfalfa and western wheatgrass. | selenium (se) is a potential soil contaminant in many parts of the world where it can pose a health risk to livestock and wildlife. phosphate ore mining in southeast idaho has resulted in numerous waste rock dumps revegetated with forages to stabilize the dumps and support grazing. alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), smooth brome (bromus inermis leyss.), and western wheat grass [pascopyrum smithii (rydb.) a. löve] are the dominant forage species on these lands. to demonstrate the feasibility of using ... | 2014 | 18453397 |
| genomic organization of ribosomal rna genes in bromus (poaceae). | restriction site maps of the rdna genes of nine bromus species are described. the rdna repeat units ranged from 8.2 to 11.1 kbp in length. intraspecific length variation was observed in the bamhi digestions in three of the nine species. restriction site variation was observed mainly in the intergenic spacer (igs) but was also detected in the coding region. a unique kpni site was present in the igs of bromus tectorum and bromus sericeus (subgenus stenobromus); in addition, b. sericeus contained a ... | 1996 | 18469887 |
| diffusion models for animals in complex landscapes: incorporating heterogeneity among substrates, individuals and edge behaviours. | 1. animals move commonly through a variety of landscape elements and edges in search of food, mates and other resources. we developed a diffusion model for the movement of an insect herbivore, the planthopper prokelisia crocea, that inhabits a landscape composed of patches of its host plant, prairie cordgrass spartina pectinata, embedded in a matrix of mudflat or smooth brome bromus inermis. 2. we used mark-release-resight experiments to quantify planthopper movements within cordgrass-brome and ... | 2008 | 18557959 |
| competition intensity along a productivity gradient in a low-diversity grassland. | competition among plants often shifts from roots to shoots as productivity increases and species composition changes. we examined competition in an old field with low diversity to test whether this shift occurred along a productivity gradient without species turnover. forty plots received one of four nitrogen treatments (0, 5, or 15 g added n m-2 yr-1 or 400 g m-2 yr-1 of sawdust added to immobilize n) annually for 5 yr. all n levels were dominated by the perennial grasses agropyron cristatum an ... | 1998 | 18811320 |
| interference of condensed tannin in lignin analyses of dry bean and forage crops. | legumes with high concentrations of condensed tannin (pinto bean [phaseolus vulgaris l.], sainfoin [onobrychis viciifolia scop.], and big trefoil [lotus uliginosus hoff.]), were compared to a selection of forages, with low or zero condensed tannin (smooth bromegrass [ bromus inermis leyss], lotus japonicus [regel] k. larsen, and alfalfa [medicago sativa l.]), using four methods to estimate fiber or lignin. protocols were validated by using semipurified condensed tannin polymers in adulteration a ... | 2008 | 18841900 |
| de-inking sludge and phosphorus effects on growth and symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in forage legumes. | the de-inking process produces a waste by-product, called de-inking paper sludge (ds), that contains paper fibers, clay particles and inks and high carbon (c) concentrations combined with low nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) concentrations. the use of high rates of ds to increase the soil organic matter thus requires provision of high rates of n and p for adequate plant growth. using dinitrogen (n2)-fixing forage legumes is an alternative to n fertilization under such circumstances. in a greenhou ... | 2007 | 19070161 |
| effect of between and on row distance of first development, tillering, yield and yield components in wheat cultivars (triticum sp.). | this study was carried out at the university of ankara, faculty of agriculture, haymana research and application farm, haymana county, ankara, turkey during 1987/1990 with the aim of to determine the effect of between and on row distances (b(rd) and o(rd), respectively) on the first development, tillering, yield and yield components in wheat cultivars (triticum sp.). five wheat cultivars (bezostaja-i, gerek 79, haymana 79; triticum aestivum l., cakmak 79 and kunduru 1149; triticum durum desf.) w ... | 2007 | 19093497 |
| edge behaviour in a minute parasitic wasp. | 1. changes in the density of an organism near a boundary elements (edge effects) are often thought to be generated by changes in movement behaviour, but in most cases the mechanism underlying these effects is unknown. 2. we quantified the movement behaviour of a minute parasitic wasp, anagrus columbi, in relation to edges in its habitat. this wasp attacks eggs of the planthopper prokelisia crocea, which inhabits a wet prairie ecosystem composed of patches of its host plant prairie cordgrass (spa ... | 2010 | 20002230 |
| macrosporogenesis and fertilization in bromus inermis. | 1947 | 20267530 | |
| differential effect of sample preservation methods on plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal dna. | a wide range of methods are commonly used for preserving environmental samples prior to molecular analyses. however, the effect of these preservation methods on fungal dna is not understood. the objective of this study was to test the effect of eight different preservation methods on the quality and yield of dna extracted from bromus inermis and daucus carota roots colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus, glomus intraradices. the total dna concentration in sample extracts was quantif ... | 2010 | 20470836 |
| brome mosaic virus, good for an rna virologist's basic needs. | abstract taxonomic relationship: type member of the bromovirus genus, family bromoviridae. a member of the alphavirus-like supergroup of positive-sense single-stranded rna viruses. physical properties: virions are nonenveloped icosahedrals made up of 180 coat protein subunits (fig. 1). the particles are 26 nm in diameter and contain 22% nucleic acid and 78% protein. the bmv genome is composed of three positive-sense, capped rnas: rna1 (3.2 kb), rna2 (2.9 kb), rna3 (2.1 kb) (fig. 2). viral protei ... | 2000 | 20572956 |
| self-fertility and other distinguishing characteristics of a new morphotype of puccinia coronata pathogenic on smooth brome grass. | a new morphotype of puccinia coronata, pathogenic to bromus inermis, a common roadside and pasture grass in the northern united states, was discovered in the 1990s and described as p. coronata f. sp. bromi by delgado et al in 2001. puccinia coronata f. sp. bromi does not require fertilization of pycnia to produce aecia on its alternate host, whereas fertilization is required in all other varieties or formae speciales of p. coronata with aecial hosts in the family rhamnaceae and for which life cy ... | 2003 | 21156592 |
| [photosystem ii characteristics of nine gramineae species in southern taklamakan desert]. | taking the gramineae species elytrigia intermedia, avena sativa, bromus inermis, elymus sibiricus, leymus tianschanicus, elymus dahuricus, festuca elata, agropyron cristatum, and puccinellia distans at the edge of cele oasis in southern taklimakan desert as test objects, this paper monitored their fast chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics after 20 minutes adaptation in darkness, compared their photosystem ii (ps ii) characteristics, and analyzed their adaptability to the local environment. among th ... | 2011 | 22263463 |
| the potential use of n-alkanes, long-chain alcohols and long-chain fatty acids as diet composition markers: indoor validation with sheep and herbage species from the rangeland of inner mongolia of china. | to investigate the potential use of n-alkanes (alkanes), long-chain alcohols (alcohols) and long-chain fatty acids (acids) for estimating the diet composition of sheep, in a feeding trial. a total of 18 sheep were assigned randomly to three different diets (diet a, diet b and diet c) containing up to eight herbage species (leymus chinensis, leymus dasystachys, elymus sibiricum, chenopodium album, puccinellia chinampoensis, medicago sativa, saussurea sinuata and bromus inermis). faecal recoveries ... | 2012 | 22436224 |
| effects of increased dietary sulfur on beef steer mineral status, performance, and meat fatty acid composition. | ninety-six crossbred yearling steers (321 ± 29 kg bw) were used to determine the effects of feeding cattle a high s diet on pasture before receiving a high s diet in the feedlot. steers were blocked by bw, allocated to 2.4-ha bromegrass (bromus inermis l.) pastures (n = 4 plots per treatment), and supplemented at 1% bw with either low s dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs; 0.34% total diet s; ls) or ls ddgs with additional s (0.47% total diet s; hs) from naso(4) for 36 d. on d 37, steers ... | 2012 | 22665674 |
| plant species differ in their ability to reduce allocation to non-beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. | theory suggests that cheaters threaten the persistence of mutualisms, but that sanctions to prevent cheating can stabilize mutualisms. in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, reports of parasitism suggest that reductions in plant carbon allocation are not universally effective. i asked whether plant species differences in mycorrhizal responsiveness would affect both their susceptibility to parasitism and their reduction in allocation to non-beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in high- ... | 2012 | 22690621 |
| the effect of nitrogen addition on biomass production and competition in three expansive tall grasses. | a large increase of grasses calamagrostis epigejos, bromus inermis and brachypodium pinnatum has often been observed in many regions enriched by higher nitrogen (n) wet deposition inputs. competitive relationships between these grasses under enhanced n loads have not yet been studied. therefore an outdoor experiment was established which involved monocultures of calamagrostis, bromus and brachypodium and their 1:1 mixtures in containers under two n treatments, i.e., unfertilized and fertilized ( ... | 2012 | 22835500 |
| dietary sulfur concentration affects rumen hydrogen sulfide concentrations in feedlot steers during transition and finishing. | angus steers (n = 96; 321 ± 29 kg bw) were used to determine how previous exposure to increased dietary s would affect ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations ([h(2)s]) in the feedlot, to investigate the effects of dietary s on ruminal [h(2)s] during transition and finishing, and to determine if dietary s affects the glutathione status of finishing cattle. steers were strip-grazed on smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis l.) over a 35 d period and received a dry distillers grains plus solubles (ddgs ... | 2012 | 23255818 |
| resource availability and imbalance affect plant-mycorrhizal interactions: a field test of three hypotheses. | ecological stoichiometry can explain major trends in how interactions among species change across fertility gradients, but important questions remain. for example, stoichiometry predicts that fertilization should cause plants to reduce carbon allocation to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and, consequently, reduce fungal abundance, but responses in the field are highly variable. in a field experiment, we tested three hypotheses that could drive this variation: (1) fungi are nitrogen limited in very ... | 2013 | 23600241 |
| assessing radiation exposure of herbaceous plant species at the east-ural radioactive trace. | the east-ural radioactive trace (eurt) is a result of the mayak production association accident that occurred in 1957 in russia. radiological assessment improves the interpretation of biological effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. therefore a modeling approach was used to estimate dose rates on leonurus quinquelobatus, silene latifolia, stellaria graminea and bromus inermis. soil-to-organism transfer parameter values are delivered from empirical data of (90)sr and (137)cs soil and vegetat ... | 2013 | 23694686 |
| characterization of a family of tandemly repeated dna sequences in triticeae. | the recombinant plasmid dpta1 has an insert of relic wheat dna that represents a family of tandemly organized dna sequences with a monomeric length of approximately 340 bp. this insert was used to investigate the structural organization of this element in the genomes of 58 species within the tribe triticeae and in 7 species representing other tribes of the poaceae. the main characteristic of the genomic organization of dpta1 is a classical ladder-type pattern which is typical for tandemly organi ... | 1994 | 24177832 |
| chloroplast genome organization of bromegrass, bromus inermis leyss. | a physical map of the bromus inermis chloroplast genome was constructed using heterologous probes of barley and wheat chloroplast dna (cpdna) to locate restriction sites. the map was aligned from data obtained from filter hybridization experiments on single and double enzyme digests. cleavage sites for the enzymes psti, sali, kpni, xhoi and pvuii were mapped. the chloroplast genome of b. inermis is similar in physical organization to that of other grasses. the circular cpdna molecule of b. inerm ... | 1993 | 24193470 |
| callus initiation and plant regeneration from inflorescence primordia of the intergeneric hybrid agropyron repens (l.) beauv.xbromus inermis leyss. cv. nanus on a modified nutritive medium. | plant regeneration from callus of intergeneric hybrid agropyron repens (l.) beauv. x bromus inermis leyss cv. nanus (agromus) was carried out on a new culture medium designated medium-f. within 21 days of the plating of inflorescence primordia the initiated callus showed globular structures. from the 21st day of culture, one step plant regeneration occurred on the callus without subculture. the new basal medium reported in this work was effective in callus initiation and plant regeneration of th ... | 1992 | 24203137 |
| selection strategies for developing smooth bromegrass cell wall ideotypes. | a random sample of 80 families of the b8hd smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.) population were tested in three environments for forage yield and cell wall constituents. expected progress from one cycle of family selection was computed for single-trait selection and multiple-trait restricted selection. expected gains were compared to desired goals and actual results from one cycle of phenotypic selection. desired goals were: model i = reduced lignin and cellulose, with increased hemicellulo ... | 1989 | 24226005 |
| ultrastructure of the cell wall of bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss) cell suspension culture. | thin sections of a bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss) cell suspension culture, examined electron microscopically, revealed unusual, often lens-shaped, spaces in cell walls. freeze-fracture replicas of similar material demonstrated the presence of lamellae within the cell walls, both within comparable lens-shaped spaces and more extensively at cell wall surfaces. the cell wall also displayed strong yellow-green autofluorescence. it is proposed that lipidic material is present in these cell walls, ... | 1986 | 24248403 |
| combining ability analyses of stability parameters and forage yield in smooth bromegrass. | twenty-one progenies of smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.) from a 7 x 7 half diallel cross, with their parents, were evaluated for three years at four locations in alberta for the genetic variation of stability in expression of their annual yield. the linear response and deviation from linear response for each genotype were the two stability parameters considered, together with mean performance in the evaluation of each genotype. four high yielding genotypes, namely 12, 13, 16, and 26, ha ... | 1980 | 24301013 |
| immunological methods for the agglutination of protoplasts from cell suspension cultures of different genera. | protoplasts from cell suspension cultures of vicia hajastana grossh., soybean (glycine max l.) and brome grass (bromus inermis leyss.) were tightly agglutinated by immune sera prepared against them in rabbits. after incubation, the aggregated protoplasts became adpressed over a considerable area of their surface. antibody prepared against vicia protoplasts agglutinated both vicia and soybean protoplasts alone, as well as a mixture of the two. soybean and bromegrass antibody likewise cross-reacte ... | 1973 | 24469782 |
| embryogenesis and production of albino plants from cell cultures of bromus inermis. | embryogenesis occurs in cells from brome grass grown in suspension culture in defined medium. exogenous hormones are not required. the embryos develop into plants which lack chlorophyll. | 1970 | 24497150 |
| aspen (populus tremuloides michx.) intake and preference by mammalian herbivores: the role of plant secondary compounds and nutritional context. | aspen (populus tremuloides michx.) has evolved a chemical defense system comprised of phenolic glycosides (pg), which effectively deter insect herbivory. however, much less is known about the role of pg and the nutritional quality of the associated plant community on aspen browse susceptibility to mammalian herbivores. in three successive periods during the growing season, we conducted experiments with sheep by offering leaves from two aspen stands with different concentrations of pg (low, high) ... | 2014 | 25284606 |
| bioassay guided fractionation of an anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus flavonoid from bromus inermis leyss inflorescences. | plants are considered as promising sources of new antibacterial agents as well as bioassay guided fractionation. | 2014 | 25741430 |
| biases underlying species detection using fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphisms yielded from roots. | roots of different plant species are typically morphologically indistinguishable. of the dna-based techniques, fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphisms (faflps) are considered reliable, high throughput, inexpensive methods to identify roots from mixed species samples. false-negatives, however, are not uncommon and their underlying causes are poorly understood. we investigated several sources of potential biases originating in dna extraction and amplification. specifically, we examined ... | 2015 | 26113872 |
| retention of functional genes for s19 ribosomal protein in both the mitochondrion and nucleus for over 60 million years. | ribosomal protein genes occasionally undergo successful migration from the mitochondrion to the nucleus in flowering plants and we previously presented evidence that the s19 ribosomal protein gene (rps19) had been transferred to the nucleus in the common ancestor of poaceae grasses. in many lineages, the mitochondrial copy was subsequently lost or pseudogenized, although in rice it was retained and the nuclear copy lost. we have now determined that functional rps19 genes are present in both the ... | 2015 | 26141567 |
| reaction of five non-cereal grasses to five races and two host selective toxins of pyrenophora tritici-repentis. | alternative hosts increase the difficulty of disease management in crops because these alternate hosts provide additional sources of primary inoculum or refuges for diversity in the pathogen gene pool. agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), bromus inermis (smooth bromegrass), pascopyrum smithii (western wheatgrass), stipa viridula (green needlegrass), and thinopyrum intermedium (intermediate wheatgrass), commonly identified in range, prairie, verge, and soil reclamation habitats, serve as add ... | 2015 | 26361472 |
| relative performance of non-local cultivars and local, wild populations of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) in competition experiments. | the possibility of increased invasiveness in cultivated varieties of native perennial species is a question of interest in biofuel risk assessment. competitive success is a key factor in the fitness and invasive potential of perennial plants, and thus the large-scale release of high-yielding biomass cultivars warrants empirical comparisons with local conspecifics in the presence of competitors. we evaluated the performance of non-local cultivars and local wild biotypes of the tallgrass species p ... | 2016 | 27120201 |
| mowing and fertilization effect on productivity and spectral reflectance in bromus inermis plots. | experiments were conducted to examine the potential role of grazing on ecosystem-level parameters as part of the nasa-sponsored first isabela (international satellite land surface climatology programmed) field experiment (fife) conducted at konza prairie research natural area in 1987. here we report results of one experiment conducted in a field consisting primarily of bromus inermis, a cool season c3 grass. the experiment involved four simulated grazing components (unmowed control, 20-, 10-, an ... | 1991 | 27755674 |
| archaea and bacteria mediate the effects of native species root loss on fungi during plant invasion. | although invasive plants can drive ecosystem change, little is known about the directional nature of belowground interactions between invasive plants, native roots, bacteria, archaea and fungi. we used detailed bioinformatics and a recently developed root assay on soils collected in fescue grassland along a gradient of smooth brome (bromus inermis leyss) invasion to examine the links between smooth brome shoot litter and root, archaea, bacteria and fungal communities. we examined (1) aboveground ... | 2017 | 28140393 |