Publications

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shell thinning and residues of organochlorines and mercury in seabird eggs, eastern canada, 1970-76.organochlorine and mercury concentrations are reported for 252 eggs of leach's storm-petrel (oceanodroma leucorhoa), double-crested cormorant (phalarocorax auritus), common eider (somateria mollissima), common tern (sterna hirundo), razorbill (alca torda), common murre (uria aalge) black guillemot (cepphus grylle), and atlantic puffin (fratercula arctica) from the bay of fundy, the gulf of st. lawrence, and the open atlantic shore of canada during 1970-76. concentrations of all organochlorines e ...1979117427
dde feeding and plasma osmoregulation in ducks, guillemots, and puffins.to assess the possibility that organochlorine pesticide disruption of osmoregulation is responsible for recent large kills of young seabirds, we have studied the effects of dde feeding (10-250 ppm) on plasma osmoregulation and nasal gland function in the following species: mallared and white pekin ducks (both anas platyrhynchos), black guillemot (cepphus grylle), and common (fratercula arctica). other investigators have recently reported that dietary dde (10-1,000 ppm) inhibits nasal gland secre ...1976134641
natural pox infection in a common murre (uria aalge).natural pox infection occurred in a free-living, immature common murre (uria aalge) in northern california. cutaneous and diphtheritic lesions were present. death of the bird was attributed to respiratory insufficiency and starvation resulting from impairment of breathing and feeding, respectively.1978211272
avian pox in a group of common (california) murres (uria aalge). 1988211694
isolation of an influenza virus, similar to a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) from a common murre at sakhalin island in u.s.s.r. (strain a/common murre/sakhalin/1/74).an influenza a virus isolated from the cloaca of a common murre was characterized antigenically as h3n2 and was most closely related to the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain. serological studies of sera collected from common murres in the area of virus isolation showed that 21 per cent of the birds had antibodies to hong kong influenza virus.1977851395
[discovery of natural foci of newcastle disease virus in the ussr].in examination of colonial birds in the volga delta in the astrakhan region (188 bioassays from 229 birds) and in the komandorskie islands of the kamchatka region (244 bioassays from 208 birds) in 1974, 15 strains of newcastle disease virus (ndv) were isolated (8 strains from 7 birds and 7 strains from 12 birds, respectively). the strains were isolated from egretta alba and ardea cinerea, and phalacracorax carbo in the astrakhan region and from lunda cirrhata and uria aalge in the komandorskie i ...1977906443
paired rotation and auditory stimulation of common murre uria aalge aalge embryos and its posthatch effect. 1976971194
the ornithodoros (alectorobius) capensis group (acarina: ixodoidea: argasidae) of the palearctic and oriental regions. o. (a.) maritimus: identity, marine bird hosts, virus infections, and distribution in western europe and northwestern africa.in 1967, vermeil and marguet described ornithodoros coniceps maritimus from larvae reared from larvae taken from marine birds on dumet island (atlantic ocean), basse bretagne, france. we collected o. (a.) coniceps canestrini, 1890, from the type locality (venice, italy) and determined that the taxons coniceps and maritimus each require full species status. we selected a lectotype and paralectotypes for the taxon maritimus from the original dumet island material. the larva of maritimus is redescr ...1976978368
structure of phenolic metabolites of p,p'-dde in rat, wild seal and guillemot. 19751134553
[inborn orientation procedures during feeding in guillemots (uria aalge aalge pont.)].guillemots (uria aalge) swallow fish head first when they are fed, when they pick up fish from the ground and when hunting. the responsible orientation processes in the first two situations are investigated. experiments on over 300 hand-reared chicks, partly food-naive, showed that when they are fed, swallowing the fish head first results from a combination of orientation processes on the part of the parent and the chick. when picking up fish it results solely from characteristics of the fish. i ...19751231419
mercury concentrations in seabirds from colonies in the northeast atlantic.total mercury concentrations were determined in samples of body feathers from a range of common seabird species breeding at låtrabjarg, northwest iceland, st. kilda, foula and the firth of forth, scotland and bleiksøy, syltefjord, and hornøy, norway. seabirds from låtrabjarg generally exhibited the highest mercury concentrations, with a trend of decreasing mercury concentrations in a southwest to northeast direction in seabirds at the other colonies; seabirds at hornøy were generally found to ha ...19921456785
tissue distribution of lipogenesis in vivo in the common murre (uria aalge) and the domestic chicken (gallus domesticus).1. total body lipogenesis was similar in the murre and the chicken. 2. the liver contributes 10.4% to whole body lipogenesis in fed murres when measured in vivo using 3h2o. 3. the liver contributes 28.0% to whole body lipogenesis in the fed chicken. 4. the lower contribution of the liver in the murre may be a consequence of the high fat diet of the murre relative to the chicken.19901977546
long term effects of crude oil on common murres (uria aalge) following rehabilitation. 19912018868
[the "diseased" or "dead" guillemots (uria aalge), three-toed gulls (rissa tridactyla), silver gulls (larus argentatus) and laughing gulls (larus ridibundus) found in the area of the german bay, 1982-1985].between 1982 and 1985 the cadavers of 50 guillemots (uria aalge), 41 kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla), 26 herring gulls (larus argentatus) and 34 black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus) were examined pathological, bacteriological and virological. the probable cause of death was established. parasitosis were particularly prevalent in herring gulls (49%), where the main infection--as in black-headed gulls--was with cestoides. in kittiwakes and guillemots mainly spiruroideae were recorded. the commonest ...19892752934
mixed-function oxidase activity in seabirds and its relationship to oil pollution.1. the hepatic activity of epoxide hydrolase, aldrin epoxidase, aminopyrine n-demethylase, 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase, benzo(a)pyrene 3-hydroxylase and udp glucuronyl transferase was determined in adult herring gulls (larus argentatus) at various stages of the breeding season. 2. mfo activity was measured for adult leach's storm-petrels (oceanodroma leucorhoa), guillemot (uria aalge) and atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica). for most assays the values were highest for the puffin. 3. mfo act ...19872890477
adenovirus-like particles associated with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the kidney of a common murre (uria aalge).adenovirus-like particles were identified by transmission electron microscopy in intranuclear inclusion bodies in the renal collecting tubules of a male common murre. the bird had been trapped in an oil-spill and had been cleaned and held in captivity before euthanasia. the presence of the virus appeared to be causing little or no renal disease. it is thought that this bird suffered activation of a latent viral infection as a result of the stress of oil intoxication, handling, and confinement.19852985038
changes in myoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase in muscle tissues of a diving bird, the pigeon guillemot, during maturation.1. the concentration of myoglobin (mb) and the isozymic distribution and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) in heart and pectoralis muscle were investigated at three stages of maturation of the pigeon guillemot, cepphus columba. 2. mb is not detectable in chick pectoralis; it is present in fledgling pectoralis muscle and increases four-fold in adult pectoralis. mb concentration in heart muscle is similar in chick and fledgling and doubles in the adult. 3. ldh activities in pectoralis muscle ...19883197398
gluconeogenesis in liver and kidney of common murre (uria aalge).phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) in murre liver occurs in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms. during a 3-day fast, hepatic pepck increases from 9.1 u/g with 19% cytosolic to 12.2 u/g with 35% cytosolic. the increase in activity is due almost entirely to increased cytosolic activity. pepck in murre kidney was present only in the mitochondrial compartment. gluconeogenesis in vitro was determined in both hepatocytes and kidney tubules isolated from 3-day-fasted murres. in hepatocytes ...19883381915
thermoregulation in a naturally oil-contaminated black-billed murre uria aalge. 19854027414
guillemots and pcbs. 19714927722
[guillemots. the formation of bird-to-bird relations between young birds and their parents]. 19685714208
ixodes signatus (ixodoidea: ixodidae) parasitizing pigeon guillemots on the channel islands, california. 19817288839
cytochrome b nucleotide sequence variation among the atlantic alcidae.analysis of cytochrome b nucleotide sequences of the six extant species of atlantic alcids and a gull revealed an excess of adenines and cytosines and a deficit of guanines at silent sites on the coding strand. phylogenetic analyses grouped the sequences of the common (uria aalge) and brünnich's (u. lomvia) guillemots, followed by the razorbill (alca torda) and little auk (alle alle). the black guillemot (cepphus grylle) sequence formed a sister taxon, and the puffin (fratercula arctica) fell ou ...19937916741
seasonal variation in heavy metal levels in tissues of common guillemots, uria aalge from northwest scotland.mercury, cadmium, zinc, and copper concentrations were analyzed in three samples of common guillemot (in april, june, and november). levels measured were uniformly low, and not enough to have any toxic effects. adult guillemots had significantly more cadmium in their livers and kidneys than juveniles, with juvenile levels ranging from 25% to 89% of adult levels. mercury concentrations in liver and kidney were also higher in adults. juvenile levels represented from 80% to 94% of adults, but there ...19948060160
diving metabolism and thermoregulation in common and thick-billed murres.the diving and thermoregulatory metabolic rates of two species of diving seabird, common (uria aalge) and thick-billed murres (u. lomvia), were studied in the laboratory. post-absorptive resting metabolic rates were similar in both species, averaging 7.8 w.kg-1, and were not different in air or water (15-20 degrees c). these values were 1.5-2 times higher than values predicted from published allometric equations. feeding led to increases of 36 and 49%, diving caused increases of 82 and 140%, and ...19938320352
phylogenetic relationships within the alcidae (charadriiformes: aves) inferred from total molecular evidence.the alcidae is a unique assemblage of northern hemisphere seabirds that forage by "flying" underwater. despite obvious affinities among the species, their evolutionary relationships are unclear. we analyzed nucleotide sequences of 1,045 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and allelic profiles for 37 allozyme loci in all 22 extant species. trees were constructed on independent and combined data sets using maximum parsimony and distance methods that correct for superimposed changes. ...19968587501
role of metallothioneins in metal regulation by the guillemot uria aalge.guillemots, like other seabird species living in the north sea, appear to be heavily contaminated by copper. metallothioneins are present in both liver and kidney but, at least in the specimens stranded along the belgian coast, fail to maintain constant the copper, zinc and cadmium load of the high molecular weight soluble proteins of both organs, stressing the potential toxic role of these metals, mainly copper.19968646614
the activity periods and life-cycle of the tick ixodes uriae (acari: ixodidae) in relation to host breeding strategies.we investigated the timing of seasonal activity of the seabird tick ixodes uriae by examining engorgement rates of off-host ticks and the prevalence of infested common guillemots (uria aalge) and kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla) on the isle of may, scotland. more than 99% of i. uriae fed during the period late april to early august which coincided with the seabird breeding season. no ticks fed in the autumn and winter, and none over-wintered in the engorged state. peak tick feeding activity was dur ...19968684831
sensitivity of opioid receptor-like receptor orl1 for chemical modification on nociceptin, a naturally occurring nociceptive peptide.nociceptin or orphanin fq is a novel neuropeptide that activates an opioid-like g protein-coupled receptor orl1. this heptadecapeptide fggftgarksarklanq resembles kappa-opioid peptide dynorphin a but exhibits an opposite effect to make animals hyperreactive to nociceptive stimulations (meunier, j.-c., mollereau, c., toll, l., suaudeau, c., moisand, c., alvinerie, p., butour, j.-l., guillemot, j.-c., ferrara, p., monsarrat, b., mazarguil, h., vassart, g., parmentier, m., and costentin, j. (1995) ...19968798582
the suitability of oiled guillemots (uria aalge) as monitoring organisms for geographical comparisons of trace element contaminants.the influence of the nutritional state (condition factor), age, and sex of common guillemots (uria aalge) on trace element levels was examined to investigate the validity of geographical comparisons of metal accumulations in dying and dead oiled seabirds. a quotient of liver mass to kidney mass was calculated as a condition factor. condition factors ranged from 0.85-4.74. sex did not alter the distribution of any of the elements analyzed in immature or adult birds. cadmium concentrations in soft ...19968854830
observations on the helminths of harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) and common guillemots (uria aalge) from the belgian and german coasts.between february 1990 and july 1991, 18 harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) and 248 common guillemots (uria aalge), found dead along the belgian and german coasts, were examined for their burden of helminths. a total of three species were found in the guillemots (one cestode, one nematode and one pentastomid), and six species in the porpoises (one trematode, one cestode and four nematodes). among the guillemots the burden of helminths was not statistically different between juvenile and adult ...19968888560
population differentiation and evolution in the common guillemot uria aalge.common (uria aalge) and brünnich's guillemots (u. lomvia) are colonial seabirds that nest in temperate to arctic oceans throughout the northern hemisphere. they are very similar in the characteristics of ecology, demography and life history that are thought to determine the extent of differentiation among populations, yet geographic variation in morphology is notably greater in common guillemots. despite evidence of strong natal philopatry, previous analyses of allozymes and the mitochondrial cy ...19968981769
fibroblast growth factors are necessary for neural retina but not pigmented epithelium differentiation in chick embryos.during eye development, optic vesicles evaginate laterally from the neural tube and develop into two bilayered eye cups that are composed of an outer pigment epithelium layer and an inner neural retina layer. despite their similar embryonic origin, the pigment epithelium and neural retina differentiate into two very distinct tissues. previous studies have demonstrated that the developmental potential of the pigmented epithelial cells is not completely restricted; until embryonic day 4.5 in chick ...19979043062
the swedish environmental specimen bank--application in trend monitoring of mercury and some organohalogenated compounds.the environmental specimen bank (esb) at the swedish museum of natural history, stockholm, constitutes a base for ecotoxicological research as well as for spatial and trend monitoring of contaminants in swedish fauna. since the 1960s, tissue samples from more than 150000 organisms have been collected from different groups of animals, habitats and types of landscape. samples from the esb have been utilized for retrospective studies of trace elements, organohalogenated compounds and radionuclides. ...19979159905
heat increment of feeding in brunnich's guillemotthe rate of oxygen consumption (o2), respiratory quotient (rq) and deep body temperature (tb) were recorded during a single, voluntary ingestion of arctic cod boreogadus saida (mean mass 18.9+/-1.1 g, s.e.m., n=13) by five postabsorptive brunnich's guillemots (thick-billed murre, uria lomvia). the birds were resting in air within their thermoneutral zone, and the fish were refrigerated to 0-2 degreesc. the rate of oxygen consumption increased by a factor of 1.4 during the first few minutes after ...19979319663
sequence variation in the guillemot (alcidae: cepphus) mitochondrial control region and its nuclear homolog.we describe sequence variation in the mitochondrial control region and its nuclear homolog in three species and seven subspecies of guillemots (cepphus spp.). nuclear homologs of the 5' end of the control region were found in all individuals. nuclear sequences were approximately 50% divergent from their mitochondrial counterparts and formed a distinct phylogenetic clade; the mitochondrial-nuclear introgression event must have predated the radiation of cepphus. as in other vertebrates, the guille ...19989491605
parent-offspring recognition in thick-billed murres (aves: alcidae).using field experiments, we investigated the development of parent-offspring recognition in the thick-billed murre, uria lomvia. cross-fostering experiments (n=73) showed that the likelihood of parents accepting a foreign chick decreased with chick age. simultaneous-choice playback experiments demonstrated that chicks discriminate between the calls of their parents and both strange and familiar adult conspecifics from as early as 3 days old. in presentation experiments with chicks of fledging ag ...19989632479
avian diving, respiratory physiology and the marginal value theorem.behavioural studies of diving birds have reported that the ratio of dive duration to the duration of the subsequent period on the surface displays a characteristic relation to dive duration. for short dives, the dive to surface ratio increases with dive duration, whereafter the relation peaks, and for longer dives decreases with increasing dive duration. such a relationship is not a general prediction of existing marginal value models which have been used to predict optimal diving behaviour. thi ...19989710474
pathological investigations on guillemots (uria aalge) stranded on the belgian coast during the winter of 1993-94.pathological investigations were carried out on 67 guillemots (uria aalge) washed up on the belgian coast between november 1993 and march 1994. emaciation and acute haemorrhagic gastroenteropathy were observed in more than 70 per cent of the birds. there was no statistical relationship between the level of oil contamination and the severity of the lesions. differences in bodyweight were accounted for by age, sex, emaciation, and acute haemorrhagic gastroenteropathy. the birds had a severe weight ...19989802196
involvement of igf2 and h19 imprinting in choriocarcinoma development.complete hydatidiform mole is an abnormal pregnancy characterized by grossly swollen villi in the absence of a fetus (kajii and ohama 1997, wake et al., 1978, jacobs et al., 1980). it is well known that this abnormal pregnancy product is androgenetic in origin. the entire genome of the molar conceptus is paternally derived. the majority of moles result from fertilization of an empty egg by haploid sperm. the paternally derived haploid set then duplicated without cytokinesis and restores diploidy ...19989833609
early specification of sensory neuron fate revealed by expression and function of neurogenins in the chick embryo.the generation of sensory and autonomic neurons from the neural crest requires the functions of two classes of basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors, the neurogenins (ngns) and mash-1, respectively (fode, c., gradwohl, g., morin, x., dierich, a., lemeur, m., goridis, c. and guillemot, f. (1998) neuron 20, 483-494; guillemot, f., lo, l.-c., johnson, j. e., auerbach, a., anderson, d. j. and joyner, a. l. (1993) cell 75, 463-476; ma, q., chen, z. f., barrantes, i. b., de la pompa, j. ...199910079233
dispersal and distribution of the tick ixodes uriae within and among seabird host populations: the need for a population genetic approach.the aim of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution of the tick ixodes uriae within and among populations of its seabird hosts and to consider the potential insight that could be gained by a population genetic approach to the issue of dispersal of this tick. analyses of data collected around the avalon peninsula, newfoundland, indicated that both the prevalence and mean abundance of ticks varied significantly among sample locations. whereas ticks were found on all 4 host species e ...199910219295
innervation of the esophagus in mice that lack mash1.the striated muscle of the esophagus differs from other striated muscle, because it develops by the transdifferentiation of smooth muscle, and the motor end plates receive a dual innervation from vagal (cholinergic) motor neurons and nitric oxide synthase (nos)-containing enteric neurons. mash1-/- mice have no enteric neurons in their esophagus and die within 48 hours of birth without milk in their stomachs (guillemot et al. [1993] cell 75:463-476). in this study, the innervation of the esophagu ...199910331576
mechanical versus physiological determinants of swimming speeds in diving brünnich's guillemots.for fast flapping flight of birds in air, the maximum power and efficiency of the muscles occur over a limited range of contraction speeds and loads. thus, contraction frequency and work per stroke tend to stay constant for a given species. in birds such as auks (alcidae) that fly both in air and under water, wingbeat frequencies in water are far lower than in air, and it is unclear to what extent contraction frequency and work per stroke are conserved. during descent, compression of air spaces ...199910359677
identification of dividing, determined sensory neuron precursors in the mammalian neural crest.sensory and autonomic neurons of the vertebrate peripheral nervous system are derived from the neural crest. here we use the expression of lineage-specific transcription factors as a means to identify neuronal subtypes that develop in rat neural crest cultures grown in a defined medium. sensory neurons, identified by expression of the pou-domain transcription factor brn-3.0, develop from dividing precursors that differentiate within 2 days following emigration from the neural tube. most of these ...199910409501
microsatellite loci from common and thick-billed murres, uria aalge and u. lomvia. 200010792710
heavy metals contamination and body condition of wintering guillemots (uria aalge) at the belgian coast from 1993 to 1998.a sample of 166 common guillemots (uria aalge) recovered from belgian beaches during five wintering seasons, from 1993-1994 to 1997-1998, were examined. at necropsy, postmortem examination including body mass, fat reserves, presence or not of intestinal contents, eventual status of oiling, and pathological changes (cachexia, acute hemorrhagic gastroenteropathy (geah)) was attributed to each individual. mild to severe cachexia, a pathology characterized by moderate to severe atrophy of the pector ...200011097805
persistent organochlorine levels in six prey species of the gyrfalcon falco rusticolus in iceland.our previous investigations have revealed very high levels of organochlorines (ocs) in the icelandic gyrfalcon falco rusticolus, a resident top predator. we now examine six potential prey species of birds, both resident and migratory, in order to elucidate the most likely route of the ocs to the gyrfalcon. the ptarmigan lagopus mutus, the most important prey of the gyrfalcon, contained very low levels of ocs. bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and ddts in mallards anas platyrhyn ...200111234542
polybrominated diphenyl ethers: occurrence, dietary exposure, and toxicology.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are used as flame retardants in plastics (concentration, 5--30%) and in textile coatings. commercial products consist predominantly of penta-, octa-, and decabromodiphenyl ether mixtures, and global pbde production is about 40,000 tons per year. pbdes are bioaccumulated and biomagnified in the environment, and comparatively high levels are often found in aquatic biotopes from different parts of the world. during the mid-1970--1980s there was a substantial i ...200111250805
an evaluation of marine bird population trends following the exxon valdez oil spill, prince william sound, alaska.we examined post-spill trends (1989-1998) of marine bird populations in prince william sound (pws) following the exxon valdez oil spill (evos) to evaluate recovery of injured taxa. two criteria were employed. first, we examined population trends of injured taxa only in the oiled area of pws using regression models. second, we examined population trends of injured taxa in the oiled area relative to the unoiled area using homogeneity of the slopes tests. we considered a population recovering if th ...200111381751
biomagnification of organochlorines along a barents sea food chain.to trace the biomagnification of organochlorines in marine food chains near svalbard, which may lead to the high organochlorine concentrations in top predators from the area, we compared concentrations and patterns of organochlorines in selected taxa. the pelagic crustaceans, calanus spp. (copepods), thysanoessa spp. (euphausiids), parathemisto libellula (amphipod), and the fish species, boreogadus saida (polar cod) and gadus morhua (cod) were selected to represent the lower trophic levels in th ...200111383336
chlordane components and metabolites in seven species of arctic seabirds from the northwater polynya: relationships with stable isotopes of nitrogen and enantiomeric fractions of chiral components.the northwater polynya (now) is a large area of year-round open water found in the high arctic between ellesmere island and greenland. now has high biological productivity compared with other arctic marine areas, and supports large populations of several seabird species. seven species of seabirds, dovekie (alle alle, dove), thick-billed murre (uria lomvia, tbmu), black guillemot (cepphus grylle, blgu), black-legged kittiwake (rissa tridactyla, blki), ivory gull (pagophila eburnea, ivgu), glaucou ...200111383340
angiotensin ii-induced transcriptional activation of the cyclin d1 gene is mediated by egr-1 in cho-at(1a) cells.cyclin d1 protein expression is regulated by mitogenic stimuli and is a critical component in the regulation of g(1) to s phase progression of the cell cycle. angiotensin ii (ang ii) binds to specific g protein-coupled receptors and is mitogenic in chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing the rat vascular ang ii type 1a receptor (cho-at(1a)). we recently reported that in these cells, ang ii induced cyclin d1 promoter activation and protein expression in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k ...200111502738
combined effects of experimental heavy-metal contamination (cu, zn, and ch3hg) and starvation on quail's body condition: parallelism with a wild common guillemot (uria aalge) population found stranded at the belgian coast.combined effects of heavy-metal contamination (cu, zn, and ch3hg) and starvation were tested on common quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) and used as a model for comparison with a wild common guillemot (uria aalge) population found stranded at the belgian coast. appropriate heavy-metal levels were given to the quails to obtain concentrations similar to those found in the seabirds's tissues. the contaminated animals were then starved for 4 d to simulate the evident malnutrition symptoms observed ...200111697781
genetic diversity and population history of two related seabird species based on mitochondrial dna control region sequences.geographical variation in two related seabird species, the razorbill (alca torda) and common guillemot (uria aalge), was investigated using sequence analysis of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control regions. we determined the nucleotide sequence of the variable 5' segment of the control region in razorbills and common guillemots from breeding colonies across the atlantic ocean. the ecology and life history characteristics of razorbill and common guillemot are in many respects similar. they are both ...200111703652
influence of age, sex and body condition on zinc, copper, cadmium and metallothioneins in common guillemots (uria aalge) stranded at the belgian coast.the common guillemots, uria aalge, found stranded at the belgian coast, display high levels of cu in both liver and kidneys. the condition index of the animals, defined as the ratio of liver to kidneys mass (wenzel & adelung, 1996, the suitability of oiled guillemots (uria aalge) as monitoring organisms for geographical comparisons of trace element contaminants. archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 31, 368-377), influences both the metal concentration and its binding to metall ...200111763147
examination of the bioaccumulation of halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles in an arctic marine food web using stable nitrogen isotope analysis.concentrations of four possibly naturally produced organohalogens--1,1'-dimethyl-3,3',4-tribromo-4,5,5'-trichloro-2,2'-bipyrrole (dbp-br3cl3), 1,1'-dimethyl-3,3',4,4'-tetrabromo-5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-bipyrrole (dbp-br4cl2), 1,1'-dimethyl-3,3',4,4',5-pentabromo-5'-chloro-2,2'-bipyrrole (dbp-br5cl) and 1,1'-dimethyl-3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexabromo-2,2'-bipyrrole (dbp-br6)--were quantitated and the extent of their magnification through an entire arctic marine food web [measured as integrated trophic magnific ...200211808557
contaminant residues in seabird eggs from the canadian arctic. ii. spatial trends and evidence from stable isotopes for intercolony differences.eggs of glaucous gulls (larus hyperboreus), black-legged kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla), thick-billed murres (uria lomvia) and black guillemots (cepphus grylle) were collected from several sites throughout the canadian arctic. samples were analyzed for organochlorines as well as mercury and selenium. glaucous gulls breeding at sites in the high arctic showed higher levels of organochlorine contamination than those in the western low arctic. this was likely due to dietary differences among colonie ...200211843528
evaluation of two direct immunoassays for rapid detection of petroleum products on marine birds.to reduce rehabilitation time and improve survival, a practical, objective test is needed to determine if marine birds are contaminated with oil before they enter captivity. the rapid assays and envirogard immunoassays for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in soil were evaluated for their ability to detect petroleum on feather samples from 30 intermediate fuel oil contaminated and 30 uncontaminated common murres (uria aalge). sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative pre ...200212146821
mitochondrial dna sequence evolution and phylogeny of the atlantic alcidae, including the extinct great auk (pinguinus impennis).the atlantic auk assemblage includes four extant species, razorbill (alca torda), dovekie (alle alle), common murre (uria aalge), and thick-billed murre (u. lomvia), and one recently extinct species, the flightless great auk (pinguinus impennis). to determine the phylogenetic relationships among the species, a contiguous 4.2-kb region of the mitochondrial genome from the extant species was amplified using pcr. this region included one ribosomal rna gene, four transfer rna genes, two protein-codi ...200212200471
embryotoxic potential of persistent organic pollutants extracted from tissues of guillemots (uria aalge) from the baltic sea and the atlantic ocean.the baltic sea is a heavily polluted area. to assess the current contaminant pressure on the common guillemot (uria aalge) living there, whole-body extracts of guillemots from the baltic sea were prepared and subdivided over six fractions, which differed in composition due to lipophilicity and polarity of the contaminants. the fractions were tested in the chicken embryo assay and compared to fractions of atlantic guillemot extracts. fertilized chicken eggs were injected with 0.03, 0.3, or 3 bird ...200212389920
stroke and glide of wing-propelled divers: deep diving seabirds adjust surge frequency to buoyancy change with depth.in order to increase locomotor efficiency, breath-holding divers are expected to adjust their forward thrusts in relation to changes of buoyancy with depth. wing propulsion during deep diving by brünnich's guillemots (uria lomvia) was measured in the wild by high-speed (32 hz) sampling of surge (tail-to-head) and heave (ventral-to-dorsal) accelerations with bird-borne data loggers. at the start of descent, the birds produced frequent surges (3.2 hz) during both the upstroke and the downstroke ag ...200312641902
cadmium, zinc, copper, arsenic, selenium and mercury in seabirds from the barents sea: levels, inter-specific and geographical differences.trace elements cd, zn, cu, as, se and hg were analysed in muscle and liver of brünnich's guillemot, common guillemot, puffin, black guillemot, little auk, razorbill, common eider, king eider, glaucous gull, herring gull, black-legged kittiwake, northern fulmar and arctic tern collected in 1991-1992 at the main breeding colonies in the barents sea. the highest levels of the most toxic elements cd and hg were found in birds nesting north of spitsbergen. extremely high levels of as were detected in ...200312699923
unconventional ventral attachment of time-depth recorders as a new method for investigating time budget and diving behaviour of seabirds.we tested the use of commercially available electronic time-depth recorders (tdrs) to quantify activities and thus total time budgets of seabirds. this new method involved first fitting tdrs onto the birds' bellies (not on their backs), and, secondly, analysing continuous recordings of temperature, light and pressure to differentiate activities on land and at sea. the birds studied were 12 common guillemots (uria aalge) rearing chicks at hornøya, in northern norway. the method successfully recor ...200312728014
biological effects of marine pcb contamination on black guillemot nestlings at saglek, labrador: liver biomarkers.black guillemots (cepphus grylle) in saglek bay, labrador have elevated polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) concentrations due to marine sediment contamination around a former military site. we measured liver biomarkers and sigmapcb concentrations in 31 nestlings from three pcb-exposure groups: reference group (range: 15-46 ng/g liver, wet wt.), moderately exposed islands group (24-150 ng/g), and highly exposed beach group (170-6200 ng/g). biomarker responses were dose-dependent and in some cases sex ...201512739867
levels and trends of polybrominated diphenylethers and other brominated flame retardants in wildlife.in this paper, we review the available data for polybrominated diphenylethers (pbdes) and other flame retardants in wildlife, with the exception of fishes from europe and north america which are covered in more detail elsewhere. more data are available for pbdes than for other compounds, and these show that some of these compounds have become widely distributed in the environment, being found in samples from europe, australia, azerbaijan, north america and the arctic. most available data relate ...200312850094
polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congener concentrations in seabirds found dead in mortality incidents around the british coast.livers from 121 birds killed in mortality incidents in u.k. coastal waters between 1991 and 1996 were analyzed for 16 pcb congeners (iupac numbers 8, 18, 28, 31, 52, 77, 101, 118, 126, 128, 138, 149, 153, 169, 170, and 180). species analyzed were guillemot (uria aalge), shag (phalacrocorax arisotelis), kittiwake (rissa tridactyla), puffin (fratercula arctica), razorbill (alca torda), fulmar (fulmarus glacialis), gannet (sula bassana), and herring gull (larus argentatus). this is the first report ...200312948183
comparison of organochlorine concentrations and patterns between free-ranging zooplankton and zooplankton sampled from seabirds' stomachs.to investigate the use of predators' stomach contents to measure the organochlorine load in free-ranging prey, the two zooplankton species thysanoessa inermis (euphausiids) and themisto libellula (amphipods) were collected simultaneously from the water column and from the seabird brünnich's guillemot (uria lomvia)'s stomach (from crop to proventriculus). the organochlorine compounds' concentrations and relative proportion of pcb-153 generally did not differ between the two sampling methods (leas ...200312962718
temporal trend studies on tetra- and pentabrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in guillemot egg from the baltic sea.guillemot eggs from the baltic sea, sampled between 1969 and 2001, were analyzed for tetra- and pentabromodiphenyl ethers (2,2',4,4'-tetrabde (bde-47), 2,2',4,4',5-pentabde (bde-99), and 2,2',4,4',6-pentabde (bde-100)), and hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd). this temporal trend study indicates that the concentrations of the polybrominated diphenyl ether compounds increased from the 1970s to the 1980s, peaking around the mid- to the late-1980s. these peaks are then followed by a rapid decrease in con ...200314717156
persistent halogenated compounds in black guillemots (cepphus grylle) from greenland--levels, compound patterns and spatial trends.twenty-seven black guillemot eggs and 39 livers were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), chlorinated pesticides including chlordane-related compounds and toxaphene, and polybrominated diphenylethers (pbdes). the samples were collected at qeqertarsuaq (godhavn, west greenland) and ittoqqortoormiit (scoresbysund, east greenland). the concentrations of halogenated organic compounds in samples from east greenland were somewhat higher than the corresponding concentrations from west greenla ...200414725882
identification of long-chain perfluorinated acids in biota from the canadian arctic.recently it was discovered that humans and animals from various urban and remote global locations contained a novel class of persistent fluorinated contaminants, the most pervasive of which was perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos). lower concentrations of perfluorooctanoate, perfluorohexane sulfonate, and heptadecafluorooctane sulfonamide have also been detected in various samples. although longer perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (pfcas) are used in industry and have been detected in fish following a spi ...200414750710
persistent organic pollutants in alaskan murre (uria spp.) eggs: geographical, species, and temporal comparisons.concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (pops) in eggs of common and thick-billed murres (uria aalge and u. lomvia) from five alaskan nesting colonies were dominated by 4,4'-dde, total polychlorinated biphenyls (totalpcbs; 46 congeners comprised mainly of pcb congeners 153, 118, 138, 99, and 151), hexachlorobenzene (hcb), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-hch), and chlordane compounds (totalchl). concentrations of 4,4'-dde, cis-nonachlor, and heptachlor epoxide were lower than those repor ...200415046330
bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone (bcps) in swedish marine and fresh water wildlife-a screening study.bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone (bcps) is a high production volume chemical (hpvc) applied in thermostable polymers. bcps has been detected as an environmental contaminant both in europe and in north america but it is still not a commonly studied pollutant. in this study, three baltic sea fish species; herring (clupea harengus), salmon (salmo salar) and perch (perca fluviatilis) from the swedish coast, and one inland fish species, arctic char (salvelinus alpinus), were analysed to screen for the occ ...200415051243
polybrominated methoxy diphenyl ethers (meo-pbdes) in fish and guillemot of baltic, atlantic and arctic environments.arctic cod liver samples from vestertana fjord at the arctic coast of norway, salmon and guillemot samples from the baltic sea and the atlantic ocean, and salmon and lamprey larva samples from kymijoki river in southern finland were analysed for the occurrence of tri-, tetra- and pentabromomethoxy diphenyl ethers and their concentration levels were estimated. these compounds have previously been identified by other research groups in salmon, seal and dolphin samples. the aim of this study was to ...200415251291
the effects of intense wing molt on diving in alcids and potential influences on the evolution of molt patterns.large and medium-sized alcids have a very intense wing molt wherein many flight feathers are shed in rapid succession and wing surface area is reduced by as much as 40%. although these birds are rendered flightless during wing molt, they must still use their wings to propel themselves underwater. a molt-induced loss of wing area could simply reduce wing propulsion such that more muscular work would be required to maintain a given speed. alternatively, molt could reduce drag on the wings, making ...200415277555
polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine compounds in biota from the marine environment of east greenland.ten black guillemot eggs, 19 ringed seals, 20 shorthorn sculpins and 20 arctic chars were collected around ittoqqortoormiit (scoresbysund, central east greenland) in summer 2001 and analysed for 11 brominated diphenyl ether congeners (bdes) and organochlorine compounds. congeners bde85 and bde183 were not detected in any sample. sigmabde was highest in black guillemot eggs, with a median value of 80 ng/g lipid weight. this was approximately three times higher than that found for black guillemot ...200415325146
nuclear export of olig2 in neural stem cells is essential for ciliary neurotrophic factor-induced astrocyte differentiation.neural stem cell (nsc) differentiation is precisely controlled by a network of transcription factors, which themselves are regulated by extracellular signals (bertrand, n., d.s. castro, and f. guillemot, 2002. nat. rev. neurosci 3:517-530; shirasaki, r. and s.l. pfaff, 2002. annu. rev. neurosci 25:251-281). one way that the activity of such transcription factors is controlled is by the regulation of their movement between the cytosol and nucleus (vandromme, m., c. gauthier-rouviere, n. lamb, and ...200415452140
temporal trends of organochlorine contamination in black guillemots in iceland from 1976 to 1996.the levels of several different persistent organochlorines (ocs) in black guillemots cepphus grylle, collected during the summers of 1976-1996 at breioafjörour in w-iceland, were investigated. the levels of about 40 different organochlorines (pcbs, ddts, chlordanes, toxaphenes, hch, hcb) were compared with respect to age, sex, fat content, and year of collection. the levels of pcbs correlated very closely with those of dde, indicating long-range transport as the major source of these contaminant ...200515519726
stroke patterns and regulation of swim speed and energy cost in free-ranging brünnich's guillemots.loggers were attached to free-ranging brünnich's guillemots uria lomvia during dives, to measure swim speeds, body angles, stroke rates, stroke and glide durations, and acceleration patterns within strokes, and the data were used to model the mechanical costs of propelling the body fuselage (head and trunk excluding wings). during vertical dives to 102-135 m, guillemots regulated their speed during descent and much of ascent to about 1.6+/-0.2 m s(-1). stroke rate declined very gradually with de ...200415579562
bioaccumulation of pcbs in arctic seabirds: influence of dietary exposure and congener biotransformation.four seabird species and their prey (zooplankton or fish) were collected in the barents sea to determine how dietary exposure, cytochrome p450 (cyp) enzyme activities and sex influenced their hepatic pcb concentrations and accumulation patterns. five males and five females from each seabird species (little auk (alle alle), brunnich's guillemot (uria lomvia), black guillemot (cepphus grylle) and black-legged kittiwake (rissa tridactyla)) were analysed. pcb concentrations could not be explained di ...200515620585
temporal trends of pfos and pfoa in guillemot eggs from the baltic sea, 1968--2003.perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (pfos) and perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) have recently been identified as ubiquitous environmental contaminants. although they have been produced for 50 years, little is known about when they first appeared in the environment and how their concentrations have changed over time, particularly in response to the phase-out of pfos, which began in 2000. in this study temporal trends in the concentrations of pfos and pfoa in the baltic sea marine environmentwere measured ...200515667078
multiple gene segment reassortment between eurasian and american lineages of influenza a virus (h6n2) in guillemot (uria aalge).guillemots banded in the northern baltic sea were screened for influenza a virus (iav). three out of 26 sampled birds tested positive by rt-pcr. two of these were characterized as subtype h6n2. phylogenetic analyses showed that five gene segments belonged to the american avian lineage of iavs, whereas three gene segments belonged to the eurasian lineage. our findings indicate that avian iavs may have a taxonomically wider reservoir spectrum than previously known and we present the first report o ...200515883657
development of an immunoassay for the determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in plasma samples from oiled seabirds.external exposure assessment of oiled seabirds is undertaken by assessment of the percentage oil coverage of the plumage. nondestructive monitoring of the toxic fraction of petroleum oils and diesels (polyaromatic hydrocarbons, pahs) which enters the general circulation (internal exposure burden) of oiled seabirds is rarely undertaken. this is because the traditionally used chromatographic methods for plasma pah analysis require larger sample volumes than those that can be safely collected from ...200515952381
steroids in allantoic waste: an integrated measure of steroid exposure in ovo.recent studies examining patterns and consequences of variation in maternally deposited steroids in avian egg yolk have demonstrated that these maternal hormones can have dramatic effects on chick phenotypes. however, maternal steroids are not the only source for avian embryos, which activate endocrine axes relatively early in development and are capable of producing substantial amounts of endogenous steroids. although organizational effects of steroids have been demonstrated, the interactions b ...200516055853
pcbs in sediments and the coastal food web near a local contaminant source in saglek bay, labrador.polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were measured in marine sediments and the coastal food web in saglek bay, labrador, to investigate the influence of a local pcb source. saglek bay has been the site of a military radar station since the late 1950s and there was pcb-contaminated soil at a beach prior to cleanup in 1997-1999. pcb concentrations in marine sediments during 1997-1999 ranged from 0.24 to 62000 ng/g (dry weight) and decreased exponentially with distance from the contaminated beach. give ...200516085280
pathological features in marine birds affected by the prestige's oil spill in the north of spain.a total of 2,465 seabirds, mainly common murres (uria aalge), razorbills (alca torda), and puffins (fratercula arctica) that beached in the northwestern part of spain after the "prestige" oil spill on 19 november 2002 were examined by pathological methods. birds were divided into three groups: dead birds with the body covered (group 1) or uncovered (group 2) by oil and birds recovered alive but which died after being treated at a rescue center (group 3). the main gross lesions were severe dehydr ...200516107672
an assessment of the toxicological significance of anthropogenic contaminants in canadian arctic wildlife.anthropogenic contaminants have been a concern in the canadian arctic for over 30 years due to relatively high concentrations of bioaccumulating and biomagnifying organochlorine contaminants (ocs) and toxic metals found in some arctic biota and humans. however, few studies have addressed the potential effects of these contaminants in canadian arctic wildlife. prior to 1997, biological effects data were minimal and insufficient at any level of biological organization. the present review summarize ...200516154621
tick-borne great island virus: (ii) impact of age-related acquired immunity on transmission in a natural seabird host.tick-borne pathogen transmission is dependent upon tick number per host and the physical and temporal distribution of each feeding stage. age-related acquired immunity to tick and pathogen may also be important but has received less attention. in this study we evaluate which of these parameters has the greatest impact on great island virus (giv) transmission between ixodes uriae ticks and common guillemots (uria aalge). the study system is well suited to investigate age-related effects because t ...200616197591
tick-borne great island virus: (i) identification of seabird host and evidence for co-feeding and viraemic transmission.great island virus (giv) is an arbovirus present in the tick ixodes uriae, a common ectoparasite of nesting seabirds. common guillemot (uria aalge) and black-legged kittiwake (rissa tridactyla) are the preferred and most abundant hosts of i. uriae on the isle of may, scotland. as part of a study to understand the epidemiology of giv, the ability of guillemot and kittiwake to support tick-borne transmission of giv was examined. giv was present in ticks feeding in isolated guillemot colonies and g ...200616216136
temporal trend of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone, methylsulfonyl-dde and -pcbs in baltic guillemot (uria aalge) egg 1971-2001--a comparison to 4,4'-dde and pcb trends.the dynamics of organohalogen contaminants and their metabolites are best studied over time by analysis of biota at high trophic levels. in this study, time trends, 1971-2001, of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone (bcps) and of methylsulfonyl-substituted metabolites of pcbs and 4,4'-dde, were investigated in eggs of guillemot (uria aalge) hatching in the baltic proper. temporal trends of pcbs, trans-nonachlor, beta-hch, 4,4'-ddt, and 4,4'-dde were also assessed. tris(4-chlorophenyl) methane (tcpme), a ...200616225974
a statistical resampling method to calculate biomagnification factors exemplified with organochlorine data from herring (clupea harengus) muscle and guillemot (uria aalge) egg from the baltic sea.a novel method for calculating biomagnification factors is presented and demonstrated using contaminant concentration data from the swedish national monitoring program regarding organochlorine contaminants (ocs) in herring (clupea harengus) muscle and guillemot (uria aalge) egg, sampled from 1996 to 1999 from the baltic sea. with this randomly sampled ratios (rsr) method, biomagnification factors (bmf(rsr)) were generated and denoted with standard deviation (sd) as a measure of the variation. th ...200516294879
multivariate data analyses of chlorinated and brominated contaminants and biological characteristics in adult guillemot (uria aalge) from the baltic sea.adult guillemot (uria aalge) birds, 10 females and 10 males, drowned in trawl nets near stora karlsö in the baltic sea, were collected in 2000. several of the animals' biological characteristics were recorded. the birds' pectoral muscles were individually analyzed for their concentrations of organochlorines (ocs) and brominated flame retardants (bfrs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (ddts), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), hexachlorocyclohexanes, trans-nonachlor, hexachlorobenzene, hexabromoc ...200516323756
prevalences of zoonotic bacteria among seabirds in rehabilitation centers along the pacific coast of california and washington, usa.many seabirds are rehabilitated annually by wildlife rehabilitation centers along the pacific coast, usa. although various strains of zoonotic bacteria have been isolated from seabirds, risks to rehabilitators at these centers have not been well documented. from november 2001 through january 2003, we determined the prevalence of detectable enteric fauna by isolation and characterization of gram-negative bacteria from cloacal swabs taken from 26 common murres (uria aalge), 49 gulls (larus spp.), ...200516456162
murre eggs (uria aalge and uria lomvia) as indicators of mercury contamination in the alaskan marine environment.sixty common murre (uria aalge) and 27 thick-billed murre (uria lomvia) eggs collected by the seabird tissue archival and monitoring project (stamp) in 1999-2001 from two gulf of alaska and three bering sea nesting colonies were analyzed for total mercury (hg) using isotope dilution cold vapor inductively coupled mass spectrometry. hg concentrations (wet mass) ranged from 0.011 microg/g to 0.357 microg/g (relative standard deviation = 76%), while conspecifics from the same colonies and years had ...200616509300
swim speeds and stroke patterns in wing-propelled divers: a comparison among alcids and a penguin.in diving birds, the volume and resulting buoyancy of air spaces changes with dive depth, and hydrodynamic drag varies with swim speed. these factors are important in the dive patterns and locomotion of alcids that use their wings both for aerial flight and underwater swimming and of penguins that use their wings only for swimming. using small data-loggers on free-ranging birds diving to 20-30 m depth, we measured depth at 1 hz and surge and heave accelerations at 32-64 hz of four species of alc ...200616547294
interpreting time trends and biomagnification of pcbs in the baltic region using the equilibrium lipid partitioning approach.multi-year monitoring data for pcbs in abiotic media and biota collected from the baltic region were compiled into a database and analyzed using the equilibrium lipid partitioning (elp) approach to study temporal trends as well as to investigate food web biomagnification. statistically significant reductions in elp concentrations between 1987 and 2001 were observed in guillemots, air, and some fish species and a general, but not always statistically significant decline in concentrations was obse ...200616603291
multivariate data analysis of organochlorines and brominated flame retardants in baltic sea guillemot (uria aalge) egg and muscle.concentrations of organochlorines (ocs) and brominated flame-retardants (bfrs) were determined in guillemot (uria aalge) eggs from the island of stora karlsö in the baltic sea where 10 eggs/year were collected in the years 2000, 2001 and 2002. the dominating contaminant in egg was p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-dde) with a geometric mean (gm) concentration of 18200 ng/g lipid weight (lw). the gm concentration in egg of hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) of 140 ng/glw, was significantly h ...200616674995
heavy metal and arsenic content in seabirds affected by the prestige oil spill on the galician coast (nw spain).seabirds are top consumers in marine foodchains which offer opportunities to detect and assess the toxicological effects of different inorganic elements on the marine ecosystem. in order to provide baseline data concerning trace element levels in seabird species from nw spain, zinc, copper, arsenic, chromium, lead, cadmium and mercury concentrations were analyzed in liver of three different seabird species (common guillemot, atlantic puffin and razorbill) affected by the prestige oil spill in se ...200616696110
selective bioaccumulation of chlorinated pesticides and metabolites in arctic seabirds.chlorinated pesticides and metabolites (cps) were quantified in the seabird species: little auk (alle alle), brünnich's guillemot (uria lomvia), black guillemot (cepphus grylle) and black-legged kittiwake (rissa tridactyla). the purpose was to evaluate avian accumulation of selected cps based on their concentrations and relative patterns, their relation to dietary descriptors (stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen), to enzymes involved in biotransformation, as well as cps' accumulation potentia ...200716890332
decreasing lead levels in swedish biota revealed by 36 years (1969-2004) of environmental monitoring.since the 1980s, lead levels decreased significantly in most marine biota from the baltic sea, the kattegatt and the skagerrack and in terrestrial biota from south and central sweden, analysed in the national swedish environmental monitoring programme. in herring and cod liver, the decrease was 4.2-7.1% annually 1981-2003 and in perch liver and guillemot eggs analysed since the middle of the 1990s the decrease was 10-13%. in kidneys of young starlings from south and central sweden, lead levels d ...200616896466
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