Publications

[the microscopical identification of fruits from gevuina avellana molina (author's transl)].	the fruits of gevuina avellana molina, which in chile are eaten like hazel-nuts, were subjected to microscopic examination. there are several anatomical characteristics, useful for differentiation. the anatomy of these nuts was then compared with that of hazel-nuts (corylus avellana l.) is added.	1978	685480
[distribution of endogenous inhibitors of the respiratory chain in plants].	70 phosphate buffer extracts of various plant tissues of 40 species as well as of 2 bacteria were tested for the presence of endogenous inhibitors of the respiratory chain. electron transfer particles (etp) from beef heart mitochondria served as test object. the nadh oxidase (spectrophotometrically) and the succinate oxidase activity (manometrically) were measured. inhibitory activities could be detected in all the plant species tested, but there were quantitative differences by orders of magnit ...	1975	1233839
orderly arrangement of ribosomes in the embryogenic callus tissue of corylus avellana l.	cultured callus tissue of hazel (corylus avellana l.), which has the potency of somatic embryogenesis, was used for the study of cell ultrastructure in the course of callus growth and embryoid formation. the meristematic cells of this tissue exhibit a specific organization of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer), stacked into extensive parallel sheets. the membranes of the aggregated rer are associated with orderly arrays of bound ribosomes. the high regularity of the alignment of the attached ribo ...	1976	1270515
homology of the major birch-pollen allergen, bet v i, with the major pollen allergens of alder, hazel, and hornbeam at the nucleic acid level as determined by cross-hybridization.	to investigate the relationship of the major allergens of birch (bet v i), alder (aln g i), hazel (cor a i), and hornbeam (car b i) at the nucleic acid level, a cdna clone coding for the complete bet v i protein was used for northern and southern blot experiments. rnas were isolated from pollen of birch (betula verrucosa), alder (alnus glutinosa), hazel (corylus avellana), and hornbeam (carpinus betulus). hybridization was performed at different stringencies. at high stringency, comparable bindi ...	1991	2005320
is the surface layer from hazelnut pollen, which is precipitated by cuprolinic blue, an effective antigen in hay-fever patients?	in electron micrographs it could be shown that hazelnut (corylus avellana) pollen grains are covered on their surface by a diffusible 10 nm thick lamellar layer. on pollen surface as well as in pollen extract this layer could be precipitated and stained by the polycationic dye cuprolinic blue. by subsequent application of both immunogold labeling with serum from a hay-fever patient allergic to tree pollen grains and histochemical detection with cuprolinic blue this pollen surface layer proved to ...	1986	2420761
analysis of 3-indolylacetic acid and abscisic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography.	a method of analysis of 3-indolylacetic acid (iaa) and abscisic acid (aba), allowing the simultaneous extraction of both regulators from plant material, has been developed. the method involves extraction with methanol, isolation of the acid fraction, diazomethane methylation, separation of the hormones through reverse-phase preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and quantification of both compounds by gas-liquid chromatography. the recovery percentage at each step was monitored with ...	1985	3158244
comparative studies on tree pollen allergens. xiv. characterization of the birch (betula verrucosa) and hazel (corylus avellana) pollen extracts by horizontal 2-d sds-page combined with electrophoretic transfer and ige immunoautoradiography.	the crude aqueous extracts of birch (betula verrucosa) and hazel (corylus avellana) pollen were characterized by horizontal isoelectric focusing (ief) and one-dimensional and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1-d and 2-d sds/page). isoelectric focusing reference patterns obtained in ph 3.5 to 9.5 gradient gels contained 31 and 41 bands while the 2-d patterns consisted of 51 and 72 protein spots, respectively. electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose mem ...	1988	3189966
immuno-electronmicroscopic identification and localization of the antigenic proteins of tree pollen grains.	the localization of antigenic proteins on ultrathin sections of pollen grains represents an interesting approach to understanding the release mechanisms of these antigens when the pollen grains come in contact with various physiological fluids. using different rabbit antibodies we have demonstrated the locations of these antigens in the various structures of pollen grains. we further demonstrated the cross-reactivities between alder (alnus incana), birch (betula verrucosa) and hazel (corylus ave ...	1988	3207183
elemental analysis of hazelnut kernels and shells by spark source mass spectrometry.	samples from three varieties of hazelnuts, namely corylus avellana var. pontica, c. maxima mill. and corylus colurna var. glandulifera, which are cultivated in turkey, were analyzed by spark-source mass spectrometry (ssms). a total of 35 elements were determined in the samples. it was generally shown that 3-5 elements were in nontrace, 9-13 were in trace and 17-20 were in ultratrace amounts in kernels and shells.	1985	4002863
immunochemical characterization of reference alder (alnus glutinosa) and hazel (corylus avellana) pollen extracts and the partial immunochemical identity between the major allergens of alder, birch and hazel pollens.	dialysed extracts of alder (alnus glutinosa) and hazel (corylus avellana) pollens were characterized by immunochemical methods. the alder pollen extract contained at least 33 distinct antigens of which one, antigen 5, was classified as a major allergen, three, antigens 4, 10, and 17, were classified as intermediate allergens and two, antigens 19 and 23, were classified as minor allergens. the molecular weight and pi of the major allergen were determined to be 19,000 d and 5.2, respectively. the ...	1985	4073410
[oils of pharmaceutical dietetic and cosmetic importance. 3. almond (prunus amygdalus stokes dulcis), pits (various prunus) hazel-nut (corylus avellana l.)].		2000	4656934
nucleotide metabolism of corylus avellana seeds.		1967	6049865
kinesin-related polypeptide is associated with vesicles from corylus avellana pollen.	a 100-kda polypeptide with microtubule-interacting properties was identified in a golgi vesicle-enriched fraction from corylus avellana pollen. the k71s23 antibody (directed to the kinesin heavy chain from bovine brain) [tiezzi et al., 1992: cell motil. cytoskeleton 21:132-137] localized the polypeptide on the external surface of membrane-bounded organelles. some 100-kda-containing vesicles copelleted with microtubules (polymerized from purified bovine brain tubulin) either in presence or absenc ...	1994	7820865
mycoflora and mycotoxin of hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) and walnut (juglans regia l.) seeds in egypt.	fifty-one species and 3 varieties appertaining to 20 genera were collected from 20 samples of each of hazelnut and walnut seeds on glucose- and 40% (w/v) sucrose-czapek's agar at 25 degrees c and 45 degrees c with the most common mesophiles were aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, a. niger, cladosporium cladosporioides, c. herbarum, penicillium chrysogenum, p. citrinum and p. oxalicum. fusarium (represented by f. equiseti, f. moniliforme and f. oxysporum) was recovered from walnut seeds in moderat ...	1993	8480455
temperature influence on differentiation and release of hazel pollen.	the aim of the present work was to identify the classic phenological stages, and to understand its relation to catkin differentiation and growth, and its consequences for the start of pollination. phenological observations and an aeropalynological survey on corylus avellana, which is an example of an economically and allergologically interesting arboreal plant, were carried out during 1991-1992. the comparison between the different phenological phases and the aeropalynological data, showed that ...	1993	8489695
a chemical study of the protein fractions of tarragona hazelnuts (corylus avellana).	the protein contents of six tarragona hazelnuts varieties were determined. the protein contents (g protein per 100 g hazelnuts) were between 12.1 g/100 g and 18.8 g/100 g, according to variety; a mean discrepancy of 2.3 g/100 g was detected between data from the same variety grown with irrigation and using a dry-farming method. percentages of albumins, globulins, glutelins and prolamines were also determined. in all varieties albumins and globulins were the major fractions, averaging about 86.58 ...	1995	8525705
evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of some swedish medicinal plants. inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis and paf-induced exocytosis.	plants used in swedish traditional medicine to treat inflammatory diseases and/or wounds were selected, based on literature data, for evaluation of inhibitory activity on prostaglandin biosynthesis and platelet activating factor (paf)-induced exocytosis in vitro. fifty-nine water extracts from 52 different plants in 28 families were tested. a number of plants, e.g. calluna vulgaris, corylus avellana, geum urbanum, juniperus communis, polygonum aviculare, potentilla erecta and salix caprea were f ...	1995	8583796
high-level expression of tree pollen isoallergens in escherichia coli.	cdnas coding for the major allergen of alder (alnus glutinosa) pollen aln g 1, for nine isoforms of bet v 1, the major birch (betula verrucosa) pollen allergen, and for four isoforms of cor a 1, the major allergen of hazel (corylus avellana) pollen, were inserted into the plasmid pmw175 or pmw 172 and expressed in escherichia coli as recombinant non-fusion proteins. these constructs produced between 20 and 160 mg protein/l. the recombinant tree pollen isoallergens were tested in immunoblots for ...	1996	8688676
microspectrophotometric evaluation of digestibility of pollen grains.	digestibility of pollen grains of poppy (papaver rhoeas) and hazelnut (corylus avellana) subjected to a human-like in vitro digestion with pancreatic enzymes was evaluated. pollens showed different types of walls. digestibility was determined for total protein and insoluble carbohydrate contents by means of a new application of microspectrophotometry. results demonstrated that pollen grains of both species were only partly digested; after 24 h treatment, only 26% of carbohydrates and 48% of prot ...	1997	9201746
quantification in mass units of bet v 1, the main allergen of betula verrucosa pollen, by a monoclonal antibody based-elisa.	fagales pollens are considered among the main agents responsible for allergic diseases in many countries of the northern hemisphere and single major allergens have been shown to be responsible for these responses.	1997	9291291
camads1, a mads box gene expressed in the carpel of hazelnut.	hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) is a species of economic interest that shows a peculiar floral biology. unlike most of the angiosperms, which produce ovules during floral development such that they are ready for pollen at anthesis, hazelnut ovary development is delayed and triggered by compatible pollination. in order to elucidate the mechanisms regulating this unusual process and the role of the mads box genes in ovary development, a cdna library from pollinated styles of hazelnut was screened w ...	1998	9869420
effects of corylus avellana in acetaminophen and ccl4 induced toxicosis.	our study investigated the effects of corylus avellana extract on acetaminophen and carbon tetrachloride intoxicated liver of young rats. hepatocytolysis was determined by measuring the level of serum transaminases (gpt and got), steatosis by sudan black staining, histological structures by hamatoxylineosin staining and the activity of enzymes such as sdh, gtdh, g-6-pase and atpase. comparatively, the most serious lesions appeared in ccl4 intoxication. corylus avellana extract had some beneficia ...	1999	10190184
[standardization of hazel leaf].	dried leaves of 9 harvested batches and 5 batches of commercial origin from corylus avellana l. were examined. the levels of principal polyphenolic compounds averaged respectively: total flavonoids 2.58 and 2.58%, myricitrin 1.09 and 1.35%, quercitrin 0.30 and 0.40%, tannins 5.2 and 6.5%. specifications were discussed for a french pharmacopoeial monography.	1999	10520513
quantitative sandwich elisa for determination of traces of hazelnut (corylus avellana) protein in complex food matrixes.	a hazelnut-specific sandwich-type elisa based on polyclonal antisera was developed for detection of hidden hazelnut protein residues in complex food matrixes. in the absence of a food matrix, extractable protein from different native and toasted hazelnuts was detected at rates of 94 +/- 13 and 96 +/- 7% applying standards prepared from native and toasted hazelnuts, respectively. from complex food matrixes, 0.001-10% of hazelnut was recovered between 67 and 132%, in average by 106 +/- 17%. depend ...	1999	10552792
triacylglycerol and phospholipid composition of hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) lipid fraction during fruit development.	we analyzed the triacylglycerol and phospholipid contents of hazelnuts from early development to maturity. both were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a light scattering detector. trioleylglycerol, linoleyl-dioleylglycerol, and palmitoyl-dioleylglycerol were the most predominant triacylglycerols throughout development. triacylglycerols showed small variation during hazelnut development. phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol were the m ...	1999	10563990
chemical composition of hazelnuts (corylus avellana l.) grown in new zealand.	hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) samples were collected from all replications of six different cultivars of trees grown in an experimental orchard at lincoln university. five cultivars were originally imported from overseas, three from the usa and two from europe, and one cultivar was selected locally. representative samples of nuts were harvested from 12-year-old trees in autumn 1995. the total oil content of the hazelnuts ranged from 54.6 to 63.2% while the crude protein ranged from 14.3 to 18.2 ...	1998	10616661
final report on the safety assessment of corylus avellana (hazel) seed oil, corylus americana (hazel) seed oil, corylus avellana (hazel) seed extract, corylus americana (hazel) seed extract, corylus avellana (hazel) leaf extract, corylus americana (hazel) leaf extract, and corylus rostrata (hazel) leaf extract.	these ingredients are all derived from hazelnut trees. the two seed oils are expressed from the nuts of the hazelnut tree of the particular species identified. most current reported cosmetic uses are of the seed oils. the seed extracts are the extract of the nuts of the identified species tree. there is one current report of use of seed extract in cosmetics. the leaf extracts are the extract from the leaves of the particular species tree. there are no current reports of use of these extracts in ...	2001	11358108
variation of gas exchange within native plant species of switzerland and relationships with ozone injury: an open-top experiment.	gas exchange and ozone-induced foliar injury were intensively measured during a 6-day period in mid-august 1998 on leaves of acer pseudoplatanus, betula pendula, corylus avellana, fagus sylvatica, fraxinus excelsior, morus nigra, prunus avium, prunus serotina, rhamnus cathartica, and viburnum lantana at a forest nursery site in canton ticino, switzerland. plants were grown in four open plots (aa), four open-top chambers receiving carbon-filtered (cf) air, and four receiving non-filtered (nf) air ...	2001	11383335
comparison of four variants of a major allergen in hazelnut (corylus avellana) cor a 1.04 with the major hazel pollen allergen cor a 1.01.	the aim of this study was to produce the bet v 1-related major hazelnut allergen cor a 1.0401 and variants thereof as recombinant allergens, and to compare their immuno-reactivity with the major hazel pollen allergen using sera of patients whose hazelnut allergy recently was confirmed by double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (dbpcfc) in a multicenter study. total rna was isolated from immature hazelnuts and transcribed into cdna. full length coding dna obtained by pcr-strategy was subc ...	2002	11750653
phenological modifications in plants by various edaphic factors.	various mechanical, chemical and physical soil analyses were carried out, in addition to weather observations, for 3 years at several sites along an oceanic-continental gradient in a fjord district in western norway. all the environmental factors observed were correlated with the spring and a few late-season phenophases of many native and cultivated woody plants and some herbs by simple, linear correlations and by stepwise multiple and partial analyses. different techniques were used to try and ...	2001	11769320
lichens of the knyszyńska forest (ne poland).	during the period 1991-1999 the lichen species composition of 26 reserves of the knyszyńska forest were examined. 315 taxa, including 271 species were found. epiphytic lichens were predominant, while epilithic species were the least common. of the coniferous trees, pine (pinus sylvestis) was the habitat which supported most species (67), and common larch (larix decidua) the fewest (5). only two species were found on juniper (juniper communis). of deciduous trees, the largest number of species de ...	2001	11780570
bacteria associated with hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) decline are of two groups: pseudomonas avellanae and strains resembling p. syringae pv. syringae.	a total of 118 fluorescent pseudomonads associated with hazelnut decline, which has been occurring for many years in different areas of northern greece and italy, were assessed by performing a repetitive pcr analysis with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus, box element, and repetive extragenic palindromic primer sets, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of whole-cell protein extracts, a carbon compound utilization analysis, and an analysis to determi ...	2002	11823181
mycoflora of hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) and aflatoxin content in hazelnut kernels artificially infected with aspergillus parasiticus.	in this research, 30 hazelnut samples were used to determine their internal mould populations and their aflatoxin contents. the results showed that aspergillus was the most common genus in the experimental samples (96.6% of all samples). thirty-one% of isolates were classified as aspergillus flavus and none of the samples contained aflatoxins. in the second part of the experiment, the kernels were inoculated with conidia of aspergillus parasiticus and incubated at three different humidified cond ...	2002	12108220
potential bioindicator plant species for ambient ozone in forested mountain areas of central europe.	from 1993 to 2000, trees, shrubs, forbs and vines were evaluated for symptoms of probable ozone injury in the vicinity of passive ozone samplers or active ozone monitors in forest condition assessment networks in mostly mountainous regions, principally the carpathian mountain range, in the central european countries czech republic, poland, romania, slovakia and ukraine. each country was visited at least twice during the time period. over the course of eight seasons, 29 species of native plants w ...	2002	12166662
chloroplast dna variation, postglacial recolonization and hybridization in hazel, corylus avellana.	to unravel the postglacial migration history of hazel, corylus avellana, the genetic variation at two types of chloroplast dna markers, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) and microsatellites, was assessed in 26 natural hazel populations distributed across the range of c. avellana. in addition a sequence of 2468 base pairs, which contains the matk gene, was analysed in seven individuals. very little variation was detected overall [ht:pcr-rflp= 0.091, ht: ...	2002	12207726
detection of potentially allergenic hazelnut (corylus avellana) residues in food: a comparative study with dna pcr-elisa and protein sandwich-elisa.	allergen detection is of increasing interest for food labeling purposes. a comparative study with a commercial hazelnut-specific pcr-elisa and a sandwich-type elisa detecting hazelnut protein was performed to investigate to what extent immunochemical and dna-based techniques would correlate in the detection of trace amounts of potentially allergenic hazelnut residues. both methods were highly sensitive and allowed the detection of even <10 ppm of hazelnut in complex food matrixes. the protein-el ...	2002	12358443
remarkable, overlooked and new microfungi in north rhine-westphalia, germany.	during our investigations of the micro flora in nrw in the years of 1999 and 2000 we were able to collect and identify some new and rare species of micro fungi as parasites and saprophytes on wild and ornamental plants. some of them are new for germany: podosphaera xanthii on coreopsis verticillata; cercospora traversiana on trigonella foenum-graecum; passalora dubia on atriplex hortensis; ophiobolus cirsii on carduus spec.; periconia britannica on polemonium coeruleum; ascochyta leptospora on a ...	2001	12425026
stoichiometry of foliar carbon constituents varies along light gradients in temperate woody canopies: implications for foliage morphological plasticity.	foliar morphology and chemical composition were examined along a light gradient in the canopies of five deciduous temperate woody species, ranked according to shade-tolerance as populus tremula l. < fraxinus excelsior l. < tilia cordata mill. = corylus avellana l. < fagus sylvatica l. foliar carbon was divided between structural (cell-wall polysaccharides, lignin) and nonstructural (proteins, ethanol-soluble carbohydrates, starch) fractions. foliar morphology of all species was strongly affected ...	1998	12651358
an analysis of light effects on foliar morphology, physiology, and light interception in temperate deciduous woody species of contrasting shade tolerance.	maximum rubisco activities (v(cmax)), rates of photosynthetic electron transport (j(max)), and leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations were studied along a light gradient in the canopies of four temperate deciduous species differing in shade tolerance according to the ranking: populus tremula l. < fraxinus excelsior l. < tilia cordata mill. = corylus avellana l. long-term light environment at the canopy sampling locations was characterized by the fractional penetration of irradiance in the ...	1998	12651418
turkish tombul hazelnut (corylus avellana l.). 1. compositional characteristics.	the quality of tombul (round) hazelnut, grown in the giresun province of turkey, was determined by measuring proximate composition, minerals, vitamins, dietary fiber, amino acids, and taste active components (free amino acids, sugars, and organic acids). fat was the predominant component in tombul hazelnut (approximately 61%). the major minerals were potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and selenium. hazelnut was also found to serve as an excellent source of vitamin e (24 mg/100 g) and a g ...	2003	12797745
turkish tombul hazelnut (corylus avellana l.). 2. lipid characteristics and oxidative stability.	the quality of crude hazelnut oil extracted from tombul (round) hazelnut, grown in the giresun province of turkey, was determined by measuring lipid classes, fatty acids, and fat soluble bioactives (tocopherols and phytosterols). oxygen uptake, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and alpha-tocopherol levels of stripped and crude hazelnut oils in bulk and oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion systems were also evaluated as indices of lipid oxidation over a 21 day storage period at 60 d ...	2003	12797746
comparison of natural and roasted turkish tombul hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) volatiles and flavor by dha/gc/ms and descriptive sensory analysis.	natural (raw) and roasted hazelnuts were compared for their differences in volatile components and sensory responses. a total of 79 compounds were detected in both hazelnuts, of which 39 (27 positive, 5 tentative, and 7 unknown) were detected in natural hazelnut and 71 (40 positive, 14 tentative, and 17 unknown) were detected in roasted hazelnut. these included ketones, aldehydes, pyrazines, alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, furans, pyrroles, terpenes, and acids. pyrazines, pyrroles, terpenes, an ...	2003	12903971
[some chemical constituents of the pollen of corylus avellana l].		1952	13033182
isolation and characterisation of phytase from dormant corylus avellana seeds.	phytase (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase, ec 3.1.3.26), which catalyses the step-wise hydrolysis of phytic acid, was purified from cotyledons of dormant corylus avellana l. seeds. the enzyme was separated from the major soluble acid phosphatase by successive (nh4)(2)so(4) precipitation, gel filtration and cation exchange chromatography resulting in a 300-fold purification and yield of 7.5%. the native enzyme positively interacted with concanavalin a suggesting that it ...	2003	13679091
hyper-expression of small nucleolar rnas (snornas) in female inflorescences of hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) supports rrna aggregation in vitro.	under certain in vitro (salt and temperature) conditions rrna aggregation occurs in female inflorescences but not in leaves or pollen rna preparations from hazelnut (corylus avellana l.), a species of economic interest. this paper describes experiments addressing an explanation of this phenomenon. the experiments demonstrate that: (i) trans-acting factors induce rrna aggregate formation in female inflorescences rna preparations; (ii) these factors support aggregation also of heterologous rrna; ( ...	2003	14519769
rapd markers linked to eastern filbert blight resistance in corylus avellana.	a total of 1,110 decamer primers were screened for rapd markers linked to a dominant allele in hazelnut ( corylus avellana) that confers resistance to eastern filbert blight caused by anisogramma anomala. twenty rapd markers linked in coupling, and five markers linked in repulsion, were found. a seedling population was used to construct a linkage map of the region flanking the resistance locus. the map spans 46.6 cm, with 14 markers on one side of the resistance locus and eight on the other side ...	2004	14569427
biochemical and molecular characterization of hazelnut (corylus avellana) seed lipoxygenases.	plant lipoxygenases (loxs) are a class of dioxygenases which display diverse functions in several physiological processes such as growth, development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. even though loxs have been characterized from several plant species, the physiological role of seed loxs is still unclear. with the aim to better clarify the occurrence of loxs and their influence on hazelnut seed quality, we carried out the biochemical and molecular characterization of the main lox isof ...	2003	14622302
the mathematical treatment of leaf venation: the variation in secondary vein length along the midrib.	in some dicotyledonous leaves and leaflets, the secondary veins run more-or-less straight to the margins and have well-defined lengths. for a given half-lamina of length l, an equation, previously proposed, relates the lengths of these veins, p, to the distances, l, between the leaf tip and their insertions on the midrib: p = b2(x+y)l(x)(l - l)(y)/l(x+y-1), where b, x and y are fitted parameters. aspects of the formula are re-examined, including its general applicability, significance and useful ...	2004	14707000
endogenous polyamine concentrations in juvenile, adult and in vitro reinvigorated hazel.	we investigated endogenous polyamine concentrations in leaves from juvenile and mature hazel (corylus avellana l.) shoots, as well as leaves from shoots obtained by both forced outgrowth and micropropagation of adult tissues. to determine if the observed in vitro reinvigoration was associated with polyamine metabolism, we tested the effect of serial subcultures on polyamine concentrations. polyamines, mostly free putrescine, were higher in juvenile tissues. adult tissues micropropagated for 14 s ...	1994	14967713
variations in leaf morphometry and nitrogen concentration in betula pendula roth., corylus avellana l. and lonicera xylosteum l.	relations between leaf dry weight to leaf area (lwa), leaf nitrogen concentration and irradiance inside a natural canopy were studied in betula pendula roth., corylus avellana l. and lonicera xylosteum l. in all species, lwa increased with increasing irradiance. relative variability in lwa was smaller in betula pendula than in the other two species. in corylus avellana, lwa also depended on total plant height. foliar nitrogen concentration (on a dry weight basis) increased with increasing irradi ...	1993	14969921
bioindicator plants for ambient ozone in central and eastern europe.	sixteen species of native detector plants for ambient ozone have been identified for use in central and eastern europe. they include the forbs alchemilla sp., astrantia major, centuarea nigra, centauria scabiosa, impatiens parviflora, lapsana communis, rumex acetosa and senecio subalpinus; the shrubs corylus avellana, cornus sanguinea and sambucus racemosa; the trees alnus incana, pinus cembra and sorbus aucuparia; and the vines humulus lupulus and parthenocissus quinquefolia. sensitivity to ozo ...	2004	15046838
isolation and partial characterisation of acid phosphatase isozymes from dormant oilseed of corylus avellana l.	the acid phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase, ec 3.1.3.2) complement from dormant hazel (corylus avellana l.) seeds was found to exhibit significant electrophoretic heterogeneity partially attributable to the presence of distinct molecular forms. in axiferous tissue, total acid phosphatase activity increased in a biphasic fashion during chilling, a treatment necessary to alleviate seed dormancy. three acid phosphatase isozymes were isolated from cotyledons of dormant hazel se ...	2004	15048567
hazelnut (corylus avellana) vicilin cor a 11: molecular characterization of a glycoprotein and its allergenic activity.	in europe, hazelnuts (corylus avellana) are a frequent cause of food allergies. several important hazelnut allergens have been previously identified and characterized. specific n-glycans are known to induce strong ige responses of uncertain clinical relevance, but so far the allergenic potential of glycoproteins from hazelnut has not been investigated. the aim of the study was the molecular characterization of the glycosylated vicilin cor a 11 from hazelnut and the analysis of its allergenic act ...	2004	15233621
in vitro effects of three woody plant and sainfoin extracts on 3rd-stage larvae and adult worms of three gastrointestinal nematodes.	most studies on the effects of tanniferous plants on nematodes have examined forages but have neglected the woody plants. therefore, in vitro effects of extracts from 3 woody plants (rubus fructicosus, quercus robur, corylus avellana) have been tested on trichostrongyles and compared to sainfoin, a legume forage. because some in vivo results indicated that the effects of tannins differed depending on the parasitic species and/or stages, the effects were measured on 3rd-stage larvae (l3) and adul ...	2004	15267113
phytic acid mobilization is an early response to chilling of the embryonic axes from dormant oilseed of hazel (corylus avellana).	dormancy of hazel (corylus avellana l.) seeds is alleviated by a chilling treatment during which cytological, hormonal, and biochemical changes occur. phytic acid and phosphate mobilization have been examined during this treatment. phytic acid accounted for 0.7% and up to 3.2% of dry weight in axiferous and cotyledonary tissue, respectively. phytic acid levels in embryonic axes were reduced by 60% within the first 3 weeks of chilling, with little subsequent change, in contrast to warm-imbibed ti ...	2005	15557290
determination of 21 organochlorine pesticides in tree leaves using solid-phase extraction clean-up cartridges.	a method to determine 21 organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in tree leaves [chestnut (castanea sativa), hazel (corylus avellana), oak (quercus robur) and walnut tree (juglans regia)] based on microwave-assisted extraction (mae) followed by solid-phase extraction (spe) clean-up is described. after extraction with hexane:acetone (50:50), four different sorbents (florisil, tandem florisil + alumina, silica and envi-carb) were assayed for the clean-up step. pesticides were eluted with 5 ml of hexane:e ...	2004	15641355
phenolic profile of hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) leaves cultivars grown in portugal.	in this study, phenolic compounds of hazelnut leaves of 10 different cultivars with the same cultural, geographical, geological and climatic conditions were analyzed by hplc/dad and hplc/dad/ms/ms - esi. eight phenolic compounds (3-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeoyltartaric acid, p-coumaroyltartaric acid, myricetin 3-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-glycoside, quercetin 3-rhamnoside and kaempferol 3-rhamnoside) were identified and quantified. all of the analyzed samples showed a similar ...	2005	15715260
sensitization to common allergens, especially pollens, among children with respiratory allergy in the trakya region of turkey.	asthma and allergic rhinitis are common problems in children and the causative pollen allergens vary according to the geographical area. the aim of this study was to investigate patterns of sensitization to common inhalant allergens, especially pollens, in turkish children living in the trakya region and to determine differences between rural and urban areas. allergen skin testing was prospectively performed on 539 children aged between 4 and 17 years with respiratory allergy. the reaction was c ...	2004	15783130
soil enzyme activities as affected by anthropogenic alterations: intensive agricultural practices and organic pollution.	the activity of a range of enzymes related to the cycling of the main biologically important nutrients c, n, p and s was investigated in cultivated and non-cultivated soils from various parts of europe. two agricultural sites from north italy under continuous corn (zea mays l.) with and without organic fertilization were compared. two other agricultural sites from south italy under hazel (corylus avellana l.) never flooded or repeatedly flooded over by uncontrolled urban and industrial wastes we ...	2005	15833257
sandwich immunoassays for the determination of peanut and hazelnut traces in foods.	people suffering from food allergies are dependent on accurate food labeling, as an avoidance diet is the only effective countermeasure. even a small amount of allergenic protein can trigger severe reactions in highly sensitized patients. therefore, sensitive and reliable tests are needed to detect potential cross-contamination. in this paper two fast sandwich immunoassays are described for the determination of peanut (arachis hypogaea) and hazelnut (corylus avellana) traces in complex food matr ...	2005	15853366
hplc screening of natural vitamin e from mediterranean plant biofactories--a basic tool for pilot-scale bioreactors production of alpha-tocopherol.	the study was performed in order to investigate a simple, efficient, reliable and rapid method of extracting and quantifying natural vitamin e for pressurized liquid extraction (ple) as well as high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis. lyophilized corylus avellana l. nut samples were powdered by high-speed milling with waring blender for 40 s. alpha-tocopherol was extracted from the nut tissue powder using dehydrated hexane fortified with 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (bht, co-ant ...	2005	16323280
influence of cultivar and environmental conditions on the triacylglycerol profile of hazelnut (corylus avellana l.).	the oil of several hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) samples was extracted and evaluated for their triacylglycerol (tag) composition. trials were conducted in two portuguese localities (vila real and felgueiras) during three consecutive years and involved a total of 19 cultivars. the samples were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection. sample preparation was fast and simple, consisting only of the dissolution of the oil in aceto ...	2006	16417303
effects of roasting on hazelnut lipids.	the effect of roasting on some nutritional characteristics of hazelnut lipidic fraction was investigated. hazelnuts (corylus avellana l.) were submitted to several different thermal treatments, comprising different temperatures (125-200 degrees c) and times of exposure (5, 15, and 30 min) and analyzed for their moisture and crude fat. raw and roasted hazelnuts were also analyzed for their compositions in phytosterols and fatty acids (including trans isomers) by gc-fid, triacylglycerols by hplc-e ...	2006	16478254
a genetic linkage map for hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) based on rapd and ssr markers.	a linkage map for european hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) was constructed using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers and the 2-way pseudotestcross approach. a full-sib population of 144 seedlings from the cross osu 252.146 x osu 414.062 was used. rapd markers in testcross configuration, segregating 1:1, were used to construct separate maps for each parent. fifty additional rapd loci were assigned to linkage groups as accessory markers whose exact locat ...	2006	16498462
comparison of water potentials measured by in situ psychrometry and pressure chamber in morphologically different species.	leaf water potentials measured by in situ psychrometry were compared with leaf water potentials measured by the pressure chamber technique at various values of water potential in helianthus annuus, helianthus nuttallii, vigna unguiculata, nerium oleander, pistacia vera, and corylus avellana. in v. unguiculata, the leaf water potentials measured by the in situ psychrometer oscillated at the same periodicity as, and proportional to, the leaf conductance. in all species, potentials measured by in s ...	1984	16663415
the constitution of certain nutshells: the pericarp of corylus avellana (filbert, cob, barcelona or hazel nut).		1938	16746724
antioxidant and antiradical activities in extracts of hazelnut kernel (corylus avellana l.) and hazelnut green leafy cover.	phenolic compounds in the aqueous systems were extracted, from hazelnut kernel (hk) and hazelnut green leafy cover (hglc), with 80% (v/v) ethanol (hke and hglce) or 80% (v/v) acetone (hka and hglca). the extracts were examined for their phenolic and condensed tannin contents and phenolic acid profiles (free and esterified fractions) as well as antioxidant and antiradical activities by total antioxidant activity (taa), antioxidant activity in a beta-carotene-linoleate model system, scavenging of ...	2006	16787035
sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for the detection of hazelnut (corylus avellana) protein traces in food matrices.	allergy to hazelnut is one of the most prevalent causes of severe food-allergic reactions in norway, as recorded by the norwegian national reporting system and register of severe allergic reactions to food. in the majority of the reported cases, there is "hidden", unlabelled hazelnut protein in processed foods like chocolate, cookies and cereal mixtures the eliciting agent. for a food survey study performed to evaluate the labelling practices with regards to hazelnut on behalf of the norwegian f ...	2006	16870207
dna typing and genetic relations among european hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) cultivars using microsatellite markers.	in this work, 78 hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) cultivars from various germplasm repositories were studied at 16 simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci in order to identify the genotypes and investigate their genetic relations. polymorphism at ssr loci was evaluated on the basis of number of alleles (mean: 9.4), expected heterozygosity (mean: 0.78), and power of discrimination (mean: 0.91). several synonyms reported in the literature were confirmed, and new cases of synonymy were identified. the pare ...	2006	16936839
clinical efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy with tree pollen extract in children.	subcutaneous immunotherapy has been the principal approach of immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic diseases. several clinical studies with birch, alder or hazel pollen extract conducted as subcutaneous immunotherapy have been published suggesting a well-tolerated and clinically effective treatment. only a few clinical studies of sublingual immunotherapy (slit) with these allergens have been published. this study investigated the clinical efficacy, safety and dose-response relationship of s ...	2006	16942565
sublingual immunotherapy in children modulates allergen-induced in vitro expression of cytokine mrna in pbmc.	during subcutaneous immunotherapy (scit), there is a local mucosal shift from th2 to th1 type cytokine predominance and downregulation of interleukin (il)-5 and eosinophilia. according to recent studies il-10- and transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta-induced tolerance is another key phenomenon in scit. few data to date is available on mechanisms and roles of these cytokines in sublingual immunotherapy (slit).	2006	16942566
corylomyces: a new genus of sordariales from plant debris in france.	the new genus corylomyces, isolated from the surface of a hazelnut (corylus avellana) in the french pyrenees, is described, illustrated and compared with morphologically similar taxa. it is characterised by tomentose, ostiolate ascomata possessing long necks composed of erect to sinuose hairs, and one- or two-celled, opaque, lunate to reniform ascospores. analyses of the ssu and lsu fragments rdna gene sequences support its placement in the lasiosphaeriaceae (sordariales).	2006	17071066
in vitro cell cultures obtained from different explants of corylus avellana produce taxol and taxanes.	taxol is an effective antineoplastic agent, originally extracted from the bark of taxus brevifolia with a low yield. many attempts have been made to produce taxol by chemical synthesis, semi-synthesis and plant tissue cultures. however, to date, the availability of this compound is not sufficient to satisfy the commercial requirements. the aim of the present work was to produce suspension cell cultures from plants not belonging to taxus genus and to verify whether they produced taxol and taxanes ...	2006	17150090
functional lipid characteristics of turkish tombul hazelnut (corylus avellana l.).	the quality of crude oil extracted from tombul (round) hazelnut, grown in the giresun province of turkey, was evaluated for its fatty acid, triacylglycerol (tag), tocol, and phytosterol compositions. oleic acid contributed 82.78% to the total fatty acids, followed by linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. among 12 tags separated, 11 were identified (including one unknown): lll, oll, pll, ool, pol, ppl, ooo, poo, ppo, soo, and pso (where p, palmitoyl; s, stearoyl; o, oleoyl; and l, linoleoyl). th ...	2006	17177557
antioxidant phytochemicals in hazelnut kernel (corylus avellana l.) and hazelnut byproducts.	antioxidant efficacies of ethanol extracts of defatted raw hazelnut kernel and hazelnut byproducts (skin, hard shell, green leafy cover, and tree leaf) were evaluated by monitoring total antioxidant activity (taa) and free-radical scavenging activity tests [hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical], together with antioxidant activity in a beta-carotene-linoleate model system, inhibition of oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein (ldl) cholesterol ...	2007	17249682
wild vascular plants gathered for consumption in the polish countryside: a review.	this paper is an ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants gathered for consumption from the end of the 18th century to the present day, within the present borders of poland.	2007	17433114
allergen-induced in vitro expression of il-18, slam and gata-3 mrna in pbmc during sublingual immunotherapy.	signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (slam) and interleukin (il)-18 induce interferon (ifn)-gamma production from th1 cells. the allergen-induced slam and il-18 mrna expressions are increased during subcutaneous immunotherapy (scit), but nothing is known about their role during sublingual immunotherapy (slit). transcription factor gata-3 is associated with th2 cells but its role in scit and slit is yet unexplored. this study was undertaken to analyse the allergen induced in vitro mrna expr ...	2007	17620074
evaluation of the microelement profile of turkish hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) varieties for human nutrition and health.	in this study, the levels of boron (b), cobalt (co), copper (cu), chromium (cr), iron (fe), lithium (li), nickel (ni), selenium (se) and zinc (zn) microelements in 16 hazelnut samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy after microwave digestion, and are discussed for human nutrition and health. significant differences were observed between the microelement contents of the 16 varieties (p < 0.01). the average microelements concentrat ...	2007	17852487
molecular cloning and functional analysis of the gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase from hazel (corylus avellana l. gasaway).	the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase (hmgr; ec1.1.1.34) catalyzes the first committed step of isoprenoids biosynthesis in mva pathway. here we report for the first time the cloning and characterization of a full-length cdna encoding hmgr (designated as cghmgr, genbank accession number ef206343) from hazel (corylus avellana l. gasaway), a taxol-producing plant species. the full-length cdna of cghmgr was 2064 bp containing a 1704-bp orf encoding 567 amino acids. bioinformatic analys ...	2007	18047779
taxanes from shells and leaves of corylus avellana.	paclitaxel is an effective antineoplastic agent originally extracted in low yield from the bark of taxus brevifolia. although it was generally considered a particular metabolite of taxus sp., paclitaxel was recently found in hazel cell cultures. the aim of the present work was to verify whether hazel differentiated tissues could be used as a commercial source of paclitaxel and other taxanes. thus, shells and leaves of hazel plants were analyzed by elisa and hplc-ms. both shell and leaf extracts ...	2008	18163585
biosorption of chromium(vi) ion from aqueous solutions using walnut, hazelnut and almond shell.	the potential to remove cr(vi) ion from aqueous solutions through biosorption using, the shells of walnut (wns) (juglans regia), hazelnut (hns) (corylus avellana) and almond (as) (prunus dulcis) was investigated in batch experiments. the equilibrium adsorption level was determined to be a function of the solution contact time and concentration. kinetic experiments revealed that the dilute chromium solutions reached equilibrium within 100 min. the biosorptive capacity of the shells was dependent ...	2008	18179865
factors influencing fungal and aflatoxin levels in turkish hazelnuts (corylus avellana l.) during growth, harvest, drying and storage: a 3-year study.	the levels aflatoxins in turkish hazelnuts have been monitored over a 3-years period (2002-2004). periodical sampling was made in 72 different orchards at different locations representative of the hazelnut-growing areas and post-harvest applications. various parameters (aflatoxins, water activity, moulds) were analysed and environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity) recorded during growing and at different stages of harvest and post-harvest processing, involving three different ...	2008	18286411
chemical composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of three hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) cultivars.	hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) is a very popular dry fruit in the world being consumed in different form and presentations. in the present work, three hazelnut cultivars (cv. daviana, fertille de coutard and m. bollwiller) produced in portugal, were characterized in respect to their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity. the samples were analysed for proximate constituents (moisture, fat, crude protein, ash), nutritional value and fatty acids profile by gc/fid. a ...	2008	18316150
antibacterial activity of tannin constituents from phaseolus vulgaris, fagoypyrum esculentum, corylus avellana and juglans nigra.	tannins were fractionated from acetonic extract preparations of phenolic compounds from phaseolus vulgaris, fagoypyrum esculentum, corylus avellana and juglans nigra. wide variations in antibacterial activities ranging from mics of 62.5 to 500 microg/ml were apparent. of particular note was a relatively high level of activity (62.5 to 125 microg/ml) for all extracts against listeria monocytogenes.	2008	18325686
comparative measurements of transpiration and canopy conductance in two mixed deciduous woodlands differing in structure and species composition.	transpiration of two heterogeneous broad-leaved woodlands in southern england was monitored by the sap flux technique throughout the 2006 growing season. grimsbury wood, which had a leaf area index (lai) of 3.9, was dominated by oak (quercus robur l.) and birch (betula pubescens l.) and had a continuous hazel (corylus avellana l.) understory. wytham woods, which had an lai of 3.6, was dominated by ash (fraxinus excelsior l.) and sycamore (acer pseudoplatanus l.) and had only a sparse understory. ...	2008	18381276
new tuber species found in poland.	new information from a survey of truffles carried out in southern part of poland in september 2007 is presented. the fruit bodies of tuber aestivum, t. excavatum, t. rufum and one unidentified tuber sp. were found. the soil chemistry of the five t. aestivum sites was analysed. our inventory showed that t. aestivum prefers the mixed forest with host-trees such as: quercus robur, corylus avellana, carpinus betulus, fagus silvaticus and tilia cordata. selection of local inocula of t. aestivum for t ...	2008	18414906
light absorption by anthocyanins in juvenile, stressed, and senescing leaves.	the optical properties of leaves from five species, norway maple (acer platanoides l.), cotoneaster (cotoneaster alaunica golite), hazel (corylus avellana l.), siberian dogwood (cornus alba l.), and virginia creeper (parthenocissus quinquefolia (l.) planch.), differing in pigment composition and at different stages of ontogenesis, were studied. anthocyanin absorption maxima in vivo, as estimated with spectrophotometry of intact anthocyanic versus acyanic leaves and microspectrophotometry of vacu ...	2008	18796701
characterisation and phylogenetic relationships of anisogramma virgultorum and a. anomala in the diaporthales (ascomycota).	the two diaporthalean fungi anisogramma virgultorum and a. anomala are biotrophic parasites. a. virgultorum causes stromatal cankers on young shoots of birch whereas a. anomala infects young branches of corylus avellana. although previous classifications based on morphological characteristics placed both species in the gnomoniaceae, diaporthales, their taxonomic position within the order and their relationship to each other required further clarification. we determined the nucleotide sequences o ...	2009	18824098
[not available].		1948	18863129
[not available].		1948	18882153
pseudomonas syringae pv. coryli, the causal agent of bacterial twig dieback of corylus avellana.	abstract thirty-eight bacterial strains isolated from hazelnut (corylus avellana) cv. tonda gentile delle langhe showing a twig dieback in piedmont and sardinia, italy, were studied by a polyphasic approach. all strains were assessed by fatty acids analysis and repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fingerprinting using box and eric primer sets. representative strains also were assessed by sequencing the 16s rdna and hrpl genes, determining the presence of the syrb gene, testi ...	2005	18943363
factors affecting the release of ascospores of anisogramma anomala.	abstract relationships between environmental factors and release of ascospores of anisogramma anomala, the causal agent of eastern filbert blight, were examined in four european hazelnut (corylus avellana) orchards during a 2-year period. in each orchard, burkhard volumetric spore traps and automated weather-monitoring equipment were deployed for 12-week periods beginning at budbreak, when hazelnut becomes susceptible to infection. ascospores of a. anomala were released when stromata on the surf ...	1998	18944980
seed dispersal patterns in a temperate forest during a mast event: performance of alternative dispersal kernels.	seed dispersal patterns were studied in a north-western spain temperate forest community to assess the performances of alternative dispersal kernels during two years with ecologically contrasting scenarios; a non-mast year, and a mast year of the dominant canopy species, beech fagus sylvatica. dispersal kernels were fitted under a bayesian modeling framework. both simple and mixture kernels were considered for the five more abundant tree species (corylus avellana, crataegus monogyna, f. sylvatic ...	2009	19018573
validation of a method using queenless bombus terrestris micro-colonies for testing the nutritive value of commercial pollen mixes by comparison with queenright colonies.	the nutritive value of pollen blends purchased by bumble bee producers from beekeepers is a key factor of successful mass rearing. we have already devised a method for quality ranking of pollen diets. it was a 1-mo bioassay using queenless micro-colonies of three callow workers (bombus terrestris l.; apidae: bombinae). in the current study, we tested three pollen diets through the micro-colony method and compared the results to the development of queenright colonies supplied with the same diets. ...	2008	19133450
purification and crystallization of cor a 9, a major hazelnut allergen.	hazelnut (corylus avellana) is one of the food sources that induce allergic reaction in a subpopulation of people with food allergy. the 11s legumin-like seed-storage protein from hazelnut has been identified as one of the major hazelnut allergens and named cor a 9. in this study, cor a 9 was extracted from hazelnut kernels using a high-salt solution and was purified by desalting out and fplc to a highly purified state. diffraction-quality single crystals were obtained using the hanging-drop vap ...	2009	19153454
lead sorption by waste biomass of hazelnut and almond shell.	the potential to remove pb(2+) ion from aqueous solutions using the shells of hazelnut (hns) (corylus avellana) and almond (as) (prunus dulcis) through biosorption was investigated in batch experiments. the main parameters influencing pb(2+) ion sorption on hns and as were: initial metal ion concentration, amount of adsorbent, contact time and ph value of solution. the influences of initial pb(2+) ion concentration (0.1-1.0mm), ph (2-9), contact time (10-240 min) and adsorbent amount (0.1-1.0 g) ...	2009	19272708
commercial lateral flow devices for rapid detection of peanut (arachis hypogaea) and hazelnut (corylus avellana) cross-contamination in the industrial production of cookies.	lateral flow devices (lfds) are qualitative immunochromatographic tests for the rapid and specific detection of target analytes. we investigated commercially available lfds for their ability to detect potentially allergenic peanut and hazelnut in raw cookie dough and chocolate, two important food matrices in the industrial production of cookies. each three commercial lfds for the detection of hazelnut and peanut were performed according to the manufacturers' instructions. all lfds had comparably ...	2009	19280180
development and validation of a sybr-green i real-time pcr protocol to detect hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) in foods through calibration via plasmid reference standard.	many tree nuts are considered to be a serious problem in food safety, because of the presence of causative factors in ige-mediated food allergies. among these, hazelnut (corylus avellana l.) seeds are largely used in a range of confectionery products and contain many well-characterized allergens. dna-based methods and elisa tests may prove to be useful to assess the presence of hidden ingredients in foods. the aim of this work was the development and validation of a species-specific sybr green i ...	2009	19891480
molecular cloning and functional expression analysis of a new gene encoding geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase from hazel (corylus avellana l. gasaway).	geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (ggpps) [ec 2.5.1.29] catalyzes the biosynthesis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp), which is a key precursor for diterpenes such as taxol. herein, a full-length cdna encoding ggpps (designated as cgggpps) was cloned and characterized from hazel (corylus avellana l. gasaway), a taxol-producing angiosperms. the full-length cdna of cgggpps was 1515 bp with a 1122 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a 373 amino acid polypeptide. the cgggpps genomic dna sequenc ...	2010	20012370
factors for converting hazelnut (corylus avellana l) into black alder (alnus glutinosa yalt.) plantations.	hazelnut plantations, which are a major source of income for the villagers in the eastern black sea region are notable to provide sufficient income to the villagers due to price fluctuations and sudden falls witnessed in recent years. alternative investments in place of hazelnut cultivation are being investigated in order to prevent migration to urban areas and to increase the welfare of the rural population in the region. black alder plantation investments have been assessed as one of the most ...	2009	20120499