Publications

suppression of an arenavirus by a togavirus in experimental acute double infection.	lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (tev) were inoculated in young and old chick embryo cell (cec) and in l-cell cultures at various multiplicities per cell, simultaneously or 17 hr apart. the yield of infective lcmv was inhibited in double infection, most in old cec with elevated interferon mechanisms, and least in l cells producing no interferon. in young cec, tev-induced interferon was stimulated by coinfecting lcmv; lcmv alone never has induced interfe ...	1978	30264
viral superinfection in cells carrying an arenavirus and/or a togavirus.	four lines of the same l-cell clone were transferred 60 times in parallel: uninfected cells, a line carrying lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), another one carrying tick-borne encephalitis virus (tev) and one carrying both viruses. in double persistency, lcm and tev were suppressed and stimulated, respectively. cell multiplication rates were comparable in all four lines. single lcmv persistence caused marked resistance of l cells to superinfecting viruses from various taxonomic groups, b ...	1978	35946
selective resistance to togaviral superinfection in mice with tolerant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.	mice infected neonatally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) developed partial and complete resitance to cerebral superinfection with tick-borne encephalitis virus (tev) in 10 and 20 days after birth, respectively. this resistance lasted at least till the age of 40 days. lcmv tolerant mice neither succumbed to tev infection, nor circulated tev in their blood. moderate, gradually decreasing tev titres were detected in the brains and tev-induced brain interferon was lower than in contro ...	1979	42297
functional heterogeneity of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specfic t lymphocytes. i. identification of effector amd memory subsets.	at varying intervals after immunizing infections of adult balb/c mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus, splenic lymphocytes were tested for their ability to either elicit acute lcm or protect against lethal intracerebral lcm virus challenge when transferred to syngeneic recipients that were, respectively, virus carriers induced by cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and normal susceptible mice. these lymphocytes were also assayed for their capacity to lyse, in vitro, lcm viru ...	1975	47887
h-2 compatability requirement for t-cell-mediated lysis of target cells infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. different cytotoxic t-cell specificities are associated with structures coded for in h-2k or h-2d;.	use of syngeneic, allogeneic, f1, and h-2 recombinatn mice has shown that animals injected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus generate t cells which are cytotoxic for h-2k or h-2d compatible, but not h-2 different, virus-infected target cells. three separate lines of evidence are presented which indicate that these immune t cells are sensitized to "altered-self," the self antigens involved being coded for in the h-2k or h-2d regions. firstly, cytotoxic activity associated with mutuali ...	1975	47901
letter: lymphocytic choriomeningitis associated with hamsters.		1975	48074
peritoneal macrophages as target cells for measuring virus-specific t cell mediated cytotoxicity in vitro.	in inbred or outbred mice lysis of virally modified cells by thymus-derived lymphocytes occurs only within a h-2 compatible system. peritoneal macrophages provide a convenient source of syngeneic target cells. they are readily infected in vitro with lcm virus, and show high levels of specific 51cr release when exposed to t cells from lcm immune mice.	1975	52680
a comparison of biochemical and biological properties of standard and defective lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.	lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus infection of the mouse is the best-studied model of persistent viral infection. in cell culture, persistent lcm virus infections are associated with the production of large quantities of defective interfering (di) lcm virus. these defective interfering particles cannot replicate by themselves yet can interfere with the replication of the standard virus and prevent the cytolytic effect caused by the standard virus. it is important to determine the mechanis ...	1975	60182
cell-mediated cytotoxicity against sendai-virus-infected cells.	after injection of sendai virus, a parainfluenza virus type i, mice generate cytotoxic lymphocytes which lyse specifically sendai-virus-infected target cells in vitro. their action is not inhibited by specific antibody in vitro. killer cell activity appears 4 days after infection, reaches a maximum on the 7th day and disappears on the 14th to 16th day. decrease of cytotoxic cell activity is correlated with an increase of haemagglutinating antibodies. the cytotoxic effector cell could be characte ...	1976	60844
h-2 restriction of virus-specific cytotoxicity across the h-2 barrier. separate effector t-cell specificities are associated with self-h-2 and with the tolerated allogeneic h-2 in chimeras.	during infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis or vaccinia virus, f1 irradiation chimeras reconstituted with bone marrow cells from or both parents generate cytotoxic t cells which can lyse targets across the h-2 barrier. however, activity of chimera t cells is h-2 restricted as shown by cold target competition experiments and selective restimulation of a secondary response in vitro; t cells of h-2k specificity which lyse tolerated infected h-2d target cells do not lyse infected h-2k or unre ...	1976	62016
shared determinants between virus-infected and trinitrophenyl-conjugated h-2-identical target cells detected in cell-mediated lympholysis.	infection of h-2-identical mice with either lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus, vaccinia virus, or paramyxo (sendai) virus resulted in the generation of specifically sensitized cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl). ctl generated in vitro against 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (tnp)-conjugated syngeneic stimulator cells were specifically cytotoxic for tnp-conjugated h-2k (d) region identical targets. both lcm and vaccinia-induced ctl, however, were found to be strongly cytotoxic towards tnp-conjugated, h-2k ...	1976	63379
electron-microscopic identification of infectious particles of lymphocytic choriomeningitis.	lcm virus, strain we--grown on l cells--and labeled with 3h-uridine was centrifuged to equilibrium in a sucrose density gradient and examined in fractions for infectivity, incorporated radioactivity, and electron-microscopic features. the peak of infectivity is congruent with the one of radioactivity (density = 1.17 g/ml). lcm virus specificity of the radioactive peak was proved by precipitation of the radioactivity with anti-lcm virus antiserum. the peak fractions showed an abundance of 106 +/- ...	1976	63905
the cell-mediated immune response to ectromelia virus infection. secondary response in vitro: specificity, nature of effector and responder cells and requirements for induction of antigenic changes in stimulator cells.	an in vitro culture method was used to study secondary cell-mediated responses to ectromelia virus infection in mice. infected, syngeneic spleen cells or peritoneal cells were efficient "stimulator" cells when cultured with "responder" cells obtained from mice infected with ectromelia 4-6 weeks previously. the kinetics of generation of cytotoxic cells in cultures were determined; a peak occurred on days 4-5. a separation procedure performed on the cytotoxic cells showed that activity was associa ...	1976	65167
potential pathogenic mechanisms of injury in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.		1976	66788
major transplantation antigens, viruses, and specificity of surveillance t cells.		1977	69515
virus-induced immune complex disease: identification of specific viral antigens and antibodies deposited in complexes during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.	structural proteins of lcmv were identified and their role in the immune complex glomerulonephritis of lcmv carrier mice was examined. purified lcmv contained three major polypeptides, a single nonglycosylated nucleoprotein with an estimated m.w. of 63,000, and two surface glycoproteins of 54,000 and 35,000. deposition of nucleoprotein antigen in the glomeruli of lcmv carrier mice of several strains was demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining with a monospecific antibody. in addition, ig elut ...	1978	76662
h-2-linked murine cytotoxic t cell responses specific for sendai virus-infected cells.	cba (h-2k) mouse-derived lymphochoriomeningitis virus and herpes simplex virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes lyse virus-infected target cells compatible on either the h-2k or h-2d region. in contrast, cba, c3h and akr (h-2k) mouse-derived sendai virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) fail to lyse h-2d-compatible virus-infected cells. a similar lack of h-2d region-associated lytic activity was found with c57bl/6 and c57bl/10 (h-2b) mice as well as with the recombinants b10.a (2r) [kb-db] ...	1978	83237
cytotoxic cells induced during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of mice. ii. "specificities" of the natural killer cells.		1979	84023
the hla system and multiple sclerosis.		1978	99191
fetal infection of the baboon (papio cynocephalus) with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.	recent observations of lcm-induced fetal damage in humans suggested attempts to develop an animal model for studies on viral congenital malformations. we report herein viral studies on three pregnant baboons (papio cynocephalus) inoculated subcutaneously with lcm virus strain we3. the first animal, inoculated in the 9th week of pregnancy, aborted 9 days after a high virus dose. inoculation of the second baboon during a later stage (23rd week) of pregnancy with a moderate virus dose, resulted in ...	1979	116625
h-2 compatibility is required for t-cell-mediated lysis of target cells infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.	maximal cell-mediated lysis of targets infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus occurs only within a h-2 compatible system. syngeneic immune spleen cells are at least 100 times as effective as are allogeneic lymphocytes. reciprocal restriction of cytotoxic t-cell activity has been shown to operative between h-2k, h-2d, and h-2b. experiments with cogenic mice have localized the effect to the h-2 gene complex. furthermore, the observation that lymphocytes from h-2a mice cause high specific ...	1975	123002
cytotoxic t cell activity is strain-specific in outbred mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.	the cytotoxic t cell response in outbred mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) is strain specific. the same is true for adoptive transfer of fatal lcm disease. the response of individuals within an outbred strain is completely cross-reactive, as shown by using immune lymphocytes and virus-infected macrophage targets from individual mice. reciprocal exclusion of cytotoxic t cell activity between inbred and outbred mouse strains is the rule, the exception being one strain (h ...	1975	127010
glomerular deposition of ss protein in murine immune complex glomerulonephritis.		1976	133012
comparison of t cell-mediated immune responsiveness of nzb, (nzb x &nzw)f1 hybrid and other murine strains.	the age-dependent capacity of nzb and (nzb x nzw)f1 hybrid, balb/c, dba/2, c57bl/6 and c3h mice to generate t cell-mediated immune responses was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by measuring the following effector functions: (a) the time course of alloreactive cytotoxic t-cell activity triggered in vitro was comparable for nz and other mouse strains; cell reactivity generated in vivo against el4 tumour cells was low in young (nzb x nzw)f1 mice and in dba/2 mice but was comparable for ol ...	1977	142594
infectious lymphocytes in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.	during persistent infection of mice with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus approximately 3% of leukocytes were found to contain viral antigen and to produce infectious virus. morphologically, infected cells were shown not to be lymphoblasts and their numbers were not reduced by removal of mononuclear phagocytes. we conclude that in lcm virus carrier mice true lymphocytes participate in the infectious process.	1977	146350
t cell-mediated immune responses of lupus-prone bxsb mice and other murine strains.	cellular-mediated immunity in the newly described bxsb strain of mice, which is prone to autoimmune disease, has been compared with that of two other strains, c57bl/6 and 129/j. quantificaiton of cytotoxic t cell responses to alloantigens and viruses (lymphocytic choriomeningitis and vaccinia virus) showed no difference in the kinetics of appearance and relative activity of cytotoxic t cells per spleen between the young and old bxsb and the control mice. the t cell-dependent primary footpad swel ...	1979	159146
virus neutralization and virus-induced immune complex disease. virus-antibody union resulting in immunoprotection or immunologic injury--two sides of the same coin.		1975	164055
arenaviruses.		1975	168692
pathogenic mechanisms of tissue injury in persistent viral infections.		1975	169724
effects of viruses on immune response.		1975	171931
use of iodinated organic compounds for the density gradient centrifugation of viruses.	use of urografin and conray for the equilibrium centrifugation of viruses is described. these pharmaceuticals, which consist of iodinated arylic compounds, reach densities of 1.6 g/cm3 and have low intrinsic viscosities. poliovirus, newcastle disease virus, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus were centrifuged to equilibrium in gradients made of these substances. viral infectivities were not measurably affected, which is especially noteworthy in the case of the very labile lymphocytic choriome ...	1975	174530
viral antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute central nervous system infections.	cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and sera from 129 patients of a study population of 139 were tested for antibody to herpes simplex, measles,and mumps viruses. herpes simplex virus antibody was found in three of five patients with laboratory-confirmed herpes simplex infection and in eight patients without serological or virological evidence of current infection with this or other common neurotropic visuses. eleven of the 139 patients were studied for antibody to lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus ...	1976	177451
immunologic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of virus-induced murine leukemia. iii. target cell specificity of autoreactive thymocytes.	thymocytes from preleukemic mice persistently infected with moloney murine leukemia virus (mulv-m-carriers) were vigorously autoaggressive toward normal syngeneic target cells; they exhibited a graded response to allogeneic cells, but they spared xenogeneic cells or syngeneic cells infected with mulv-m or mulv-g (gross). syngeneic target cells infected with nononcogenic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), or transformed by the chemical carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene were not similarly sp ...	1976	180178
arenavirus taxonomy: a review.	despite a late beginning, the construction of the arenavirus taxon and its placement in the scheme of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses has now been completed. the bringing together of the member viruses has already provided valuable indications of promising laboratory and field study approaches; in the future this classification will contribute further to our understanding of the natural history and disease processes of the human pathogens of the group.	1975	182395
morphology and morphogenesis of arenaviruses.	arenaviruses have unique structural characteristics; they are pleomorphic, have a mean diameter of 110-130 nm, and consist of a membranous envelope with surface projections surrounding an interior containing ribosomes and filaments. virus particles bud from plasma membranes of infected cells and in many cases large intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies are formed. these characteristics allow generic identification, but not differentiation of individual viruses. ultrastructural identification of viru ...	1975	182396
antigenic properties of the arenaviruses.	arenaviruses are known to show antigenic relationships in the complement-fixation (cf) and fluorescent antibody tests but not in the neutralization test. the humoral response to some of the arenaviruses is characterized by a dissociation between the antibodies determined by the cf test and those determined by the neutralization test and also by its late appearance following natural infection. investigations are reported showing that, as regards the cf test, junin, machupo, amapari, and tacaribe ...	1975	182397
antigenic relationships of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and tacaribe virus in the indirect haemagglutination test.	the indirect haemagglutination test has been developed for use with lcm and tacaribe viruses employing antibody-sensitized erythrocytes. both in this test and in the indirect haemagglutination inhibition test cross-reactions between lcm and tacaribe viruses were revealed. this opens new perspectives for group and species identification of arenaviruses.	1975	182398
the structure of rodent faunas associated with arenaviral infections.	the biogeographical examination of rodent faunas associated with arenaviruses reveals two distinct patterns. lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus is associated primarily with a single murid species, mus musculus, although it is also known to cause laboratory infections in other species. on the other hand, the arenaviruses from the western hemisphere are associated exclusively with a large and diverse group of cricetid rodents. studies to date, although limited, have not demonstrated their as ...	1975	182403
status of arenavirus vaccines and their application.	a limited but definite need exists for vaccines against lassa, junin, and machupo viruses. medical and laboratory personnel, as well as defined high-risk population groups, require protection from these highly virulent agents. to date little work has been done on inactivated vaccines for these viruses. a live attenuated junin vaccine has been tested successfully in more than 600 persons, and a high-passage machupo virus strain has protected rhesus monkeys against lethal infection produced by a h ...	1975	182407
[mutual stimulation of oncornavirus and herpetic infections in experiments in vivo and in vitro].	the evidence of mutual stimulation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and oncornaviruses (ov) reproduction was obtained. hsv titers in mice pre-infected with rauscher leukosis virus (rlv) were 2.25-3.0 lg ld50 higher than in mice of the same batch but without rlv infection. the continuous hep-2 culture chronically infected with oncornaviruses was found to be more sensitive to the cytopathic effect of hsv strains, types 1 and 2, and in the culture fluid hsv accumulated to a greater titer than in prima ...	1976	193302
alterations of acetylcholine enzymes in neuroblastoma cells persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.		1977	193868
in vitro primary induction of cytotoxic t cells against virus-infected syngeneic cells.	an in vitro method is described for primary induction of murine cytotoxic t cells against syngeneic cells infected with ectromelia or lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus. cytotoxicity was assayed by 51cr release from macrophage or l929 target cells. cytotoxic activity was sensitive to anti-theta and complement and was expressed only against target cells infected with the same virus and sharing h-2k or h-2d genes with the infected stimulator cells. the crucial factors in generating responses ...	1977	193995
specific immune lysis of paramyxovirus-infected cells by h-2-compatible thymus-derived lymphocytes.	mice exposed to paramyxovirus (sendai) generate specifically sensitized thymus-derived lymphocytes (t cells) which, in an in vitro 51cr release assay, interact only with virus-infected target cells sharing strong transplantation antigens. reciprocal exclusion of cytotoxic t-cell activity is found for sendai virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and ectromelia virus. immune t cells are detected as early as 3 days after intraperitoneal inoculation with a large dose of sendai virus, and cytotox ...	1976	194830
serologic study on the prevalence of murine viruses in five canadian mouse colonies.	a serologic study was made of five canadian mouse colonies to determine the prevalence of antibodies to 11 murine viruses. a total of 139 sera from the five colonies were evaluated by complement fixation or hemagglutination inhibition methods. viral antibodies were present in all five colonies. antibodies to pneumonia virus of mice, minute virus of mice, theiler's encephalomyelitis virus, and reovirus type 3 were found in all five colonies. k-virus antibodies were present in four colonies. polyo ...	1977	201796
protective activity of secondary effector t cells generated in vitro against ectromelia virus infection in vivo.	the anti-viral activity of secondary effector cells generated in vitro against ectromelia virus infection was investigated. depending upon the order of administration of cells and virus, 2 x 10(6) cells significantly reduce virus titres in recipient mice. mice injected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus are not protected by secondary effector cells against ectromelia virus infection and vice versa. the cells conferring anti-viral activity are sensitive to anti-theta and complement tre ...	1977	203425
arenaviruses in perspective.		1978	204386
[arenaviruses].		1978	206025
ir-genes in h-2 regulate generation of anti-viral cytotoxic t cells. mapping to k or d and dominance of unresponsiveness.	h-2 dependent and virus-specific ir genes regulate the generation of primary virus-specific k or d restricted cytotoxic t-cell responses in vivo. the following examples have been analyzed in some detail: first, dk restricted responses to vaccinia in sendai viruses are at least 30 times lower than the corresponding k-restricted responses irrespective of the h-2 haplotypes (k, b, d, dxs, dxq) of k and i regions; in contrast, lcmv infection generates high responses to dk. these findings are consist ...	1978	212503
fluorescent probe studies of normal, persistently infected, rous sarcoma virus-transformed, and trypsinized rat cells.		1978	213301
rapid purification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus by density gradient centrifugation in colloidal silica.	lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus was purified from cell culture fluid by density gradient centrifugation in colloidal silica. the specific infectivity increased 5000-fold and the recovery of infectivity was about 10%.	1979	215711
immunosuppression in experimental trypanosomiasis: effects of trypanosoma brucei on immunization against louping-ill virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.		1979	232108
t lymphocyte function as the principal target of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced immunosuppression.	plaque-forming cell responses against sheep erythrocytes, escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, pneumococcal polysaccharide, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were examined in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. a 92 to 96 percent reduction of the thymus-dependent anti-sheep erythrocyte responses was observed 2 to 4 weeks after infection. however, the thymus-independent responses against the three other antigens were close to normal at all stages of the infetion. studies on allograft ...	1975	235488
antibody to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in children with congenital hydrocephalus.	antibody to lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus was found by the indirect immunofluorescence (if) technique in high titres in 9 out of 28 children with congenital hydrocephalus and in moderate titres in 6 mothers of these seropositive children. it is suggested that lcm virus or a closely related virus infecting the foetus in utero may play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of some cases of congenital hydrocephalus.	1975	239565
inhibition by anti-interferon serum of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus disease in suckling mice.	inoculation of newborn mice with lymphocytic chloriomeningitis (lcm) virus resulted in decreased weight gain, liver cell necrosis, and death. injection of potent sheep immunoglobulin against mouse interferon markedly inhibited these manifestations of lcm virus disease despite the fact that these treated mice had 100-fold more lcm virus in their serum. we conclude that interferon induced by lcm virus is responsible in large part for the syndrome of growth inhibition, liver cell necrosis, and deat ...	1977	266735
anti-interferon globulin inhibits the development of glomerulonephritis in mice infected at birth with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.	swiss mice infected at birth with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus develop glomerulonephritis. injection of potent anti-mouse interferon globulin at the time of viral infection inhibited the development of these renal lesions. we conclude that the production of endogenous interferon by this virus in the first few days of life plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this glomerulonephritis.	1978	277942
correlation between natural and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor targets in the mouse. i. distribution of the reactivity.		1979	281565
changes in hemopoiesis during the course of acute lcm virus infection in mice.	although severe hematologic and immunologic disorders occur in several viral infections, insight into the mechanisms by which viruses may affect hemopoietic tissues is poor. the previous demonstration of distinct immunohemopoietic lesions in mice with acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus infection has led us to investigate the function of hemopoietic precursor cells in the course of this experimental infection. during the first week of infection, there was profound suppression of pluri ...	1977	299734
induction of a primary cytotoxic t cell response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected cells in vitro. i. kinetics of response and nature of effector cells.		1977	299830
mechanisms of suppression of cytotoxic t-cell responses in murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.	the cytotoxic t-cell response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus infection was suppressed either in vitro or in vivo by addition of a high level of syngeneic virus-infected cells or syngeneic cells from congenital lcm virus carriers to the environment of the responding cells. this effect was not duplicated by formaldehyde-fixed carrier cells, nor could it be accounted for by 'cold' target competition by carrier cells at the level of the cytotoxicity assay. conversely, suppression was pr ...	1977	300779
h-2 gene expression in required for t cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected target cells.		1977	300845
diminished t cell surveillance function in old mice infected with lymphocyte choriomeningitis virus.	the cell-mediated immune response resulting from infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) was compared in old (18--20 month) and young (4--6 month) random-bred icr mice. three separate assay systems were used: the level of virus-specific cytotoxic t-cell activity measured in vitro, time of onset of fatal cell-mediated immunopathology in vivo and adoptive transfer of inflammatory process to immunosuppressed, virus-infected recipients. the capacity of old mice to generate virus-imm ...	1977	301116
inhibition of immunologic injury of cultured cells infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: role of defective interfering virus in regulating viral antigenic expression.	the expression of viral antigens on the surfaces of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv)-infected l-929 cells peaked 2-4 days postinfection and thereafter precipitously declined. little or no viral antigen was expressed on the plasma membrane surfaces of persistently infected cells, but lcmv antigens were clearly present in the cytoplasms of most of those cells. cells early after acute infection (days 2-4) were lysed by both virus-specific antibody and complement (c) and immune t lymphocyte ...	1977	301173
interferon production during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of nude and normal mice.		1977	301989
t-cell deficiency in immune complex glomerulonephritis.	mice chronically infected with the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) develop immune complex glomerulonephritis. others have shown that adoptive immunization of these mice by the i.p. injection of syngeneic immune spleen cells terminates the chronic viral carrier state. the present studies were designed to define the effector cell from the immune spleen responsible for adoptive immunization and to determine the effect of this procedure upon the immune complex nephritis which occurs in l ...	1977	302360
heterospecific cytotoxic cell activity induced during the first three days of acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice.		1977	302419
cytotoxic t cell response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. properties of precursors of effector t cells, primary effector t cells and memory t cells in vitro and in vivo.		1977	302823
immunological tolerance to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in neonatally infected virus carrier mice: evidence supporting a clonal inactivation mechanism.	previous studies have shown that no cell-mediated immunity against lcm virus-infected cells can be detected in neonatally established lcm virus carrier mice suggesting that they are immunologically tolerant to virally-altered cell membrane antigens. in this communication experiments are described aimed at analyzing the mechanism. virus-specific cell-mediated immunity was assessed by 51cr release and target cell reduction assays. attempts to demonstrate cells in spleens of cba/j carrier mice able ...	1978	304840
secondary cytotoxic cell response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. iii. in vivo protective activity of effector cells generated in vitro.		1978	304841
concanavalin a-induced activation of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus memory lymphocytes into specifically cytotoxic t cells.	when spleen cells, which have been primed to lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus during a primary infection several months previously, are stimulated in vitro with con a. highly specific secondary cytotoxic effector cells are generated. the degree of cytotoxicity revealed by such con a-stimulated cells is higher than that of non-incubated spleen cells harvested nine days following the primary infection, and the effect is totally inhibited by anti-theta serum plus complement treatment of the ...	1977	305190
cytotoxic cells induced during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of mice. i. characterization of natural killer cell induction.	lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection of c3h/st, nude (balb/c background), and other mice induced high levels of natural killer (nk) cell activity in the spleen and peritoneum. l-929 cells were used as targetsand were not lysed by spleen or peritoneal cells from uninfected mice. the cytotoxic cells were characterized as nk cells because they were nonadherent, nonphagocytic lymphocytes lacking theta and immunoglobulin antigens on their plasma membranes. their activity was sensitive ...	1978	307587
interactions between viruses and lymphocytes. i. in vivo replication of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mononuclear cells during both chronic and acute viral infections.		1978	308960
infectious lymphocytes in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus carrier mice.	the infectivity of blood and lymphoid organs of mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus was found to be predominantly associated with lymphocytes and both t and b cells were infectious. a hypothesis is presented in which it is assumed that lymphocytes in carrier mice are infected via their lcm virus-specific antigen receptors, thereby leading to their antigen-triggered clonal expansion followed by infection and functional inactivation.	1979	311821
a comparison between lcm virus-specific secondary cytotoxic t lymphocytes generated by con a and by the homologous antigen.	an investigation was made of the properties of cytotoxic t cells induced by con a and exposure to lcm virus-infected cells. as a basis for such studies, the optimal conditions for in vitro con a stimulation of in vivo lcm virus-primed c3h mouse splenocytes were determined. the most potent cytotoxicity was obtained when responder cells were cultured in the presence of con a in a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml for 3 days, but strong cytotoxicity was also measured on days 2 and 4. when stimulatio ...	1979	315920
a rapid fluorescent focus-inhibition test for determining the neutralizing-antibody response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.	levels of neutralizing antibody to lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus in the sera of 66 infected persons were assayed by a rapid fluorescent focus-inhibition test (rffit). the test was more sensitive than the mouse-neutralization (mn) test and could be completed in less than 24 h. the rffit titers were compared with titers obtained by the indirect fluorescent-antibody (ifa) and complement-fixation (cf) tests. neutralizing antibody detected by the rffit remained positive after ira, cf and m ...	1977	326357
history and further observations (1954-1976) of the l2c leukemia in the guinea pig.		1977	328307
[clinical and pathomorphologic findings in hydrocephalus caused by prenatal infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus].		1977	331803
a new method to detect lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific antibody in human sera.	a plaque reduction method for measuring lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-sensitizing antibody in human serum is described. one volume of virus and one volume of serially diluted human serum were mixed and incubated for 2 h at 37 degrees c. one volume of suitably diluted anti-human immune globulin antiserum was added and incubation continued for 0-5 h. residual infectivity was then determined by means of a plaque assay employing l cell monolayer cultures and a methyl cellulose containing overla ...	1977	335024
experimental animals and in vitro systems in the study of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.	the history of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) research is reviewed from the point of view of whether the main discoveries concerning lcm pathogenesis have stemmed from animal or in vitro research methods. most of the results initially stemmed from animal experiments, but in recent years recourse has increasingly been made to in vitro techniques to confirm and amplify the animal-based conclusions.different research approaches are discussed and an attempt is made to assess the role of in vitro ...	1977	338190
on the mechanism of the persistence of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in the continuous cell line detroit-6.	a persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, noninfectious for mice, was revealed in the continuous human cell line, detroit-6. the virus was detected in the cell monolayer by an indirect immunofluorescence test and in the cell homogenate by a complement-fixation test. between 30 and 80% of the cells produced viral antigen in subsequent passages of the culture. thymidine analogues (brdu and idu) stimulated the synthesis of antigen. dna of the persistently infected cell line was transfected t ...	1978	338548
the interplay between lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, immune function, and hemopoiesis in mice.		1978	345777
tubulo-interstitial (ti) renal disease associated with chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis viral infection in mice.		1978	365401
animal models of viral-induced ataxia: implications for human disease.		1978	367119
[experimental lymphocytic choriomeningitis of the mouse. pathologic, virologic and electric correlations (author's transl)].	the brain electrographic activity of mouse experimental lcm has been systematically compared with the pathology and the virus growth in brain. there is an excellent correlation between anatomic lesions and brain electrographic activity which begins in slow waves followed with electric discharges attendant upon clinical paroxysms. the different records have been described and a physiopathological interpretation of these electroclinical paroxysms is proposed.	1978	370740
protein analysis of defective interfering lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and persistently infected cells.		1979	380148
immunopathological alterations of lymphatic tissues in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.		1979	380308
serologic diagnosis of human infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: comparative evaluation of seven methods.	the aim of this work was to compare different procedures for the serodiagnosis of human infections with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus and to single out those which are both reliable and practicable. by the use of 46 sera from as many persons who had undergone infection with this virus either some time in the past or very recently and of 26 control sera, seven methods were evaluated. for making a rapid diagnosis soon after infection, determination of antibody by the immunofluoresce ...	1979	385806
indirect immunofluorescence test against lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus in parkinson's disease.		1979	393998
cell-mediated immune response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis and vaccinia virus in rats.	the parameters of cell-mediated immune responses of rats to infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or vaccinia virus were assessed by measuring primary footpad swelling, increased weights of the local lymph nodes, increased numbers of lymphocytes per lymph node, and the course of virus-specific cytolytic activity by these lymphocytes. except for lack of a defined swelling caused by vaccinia virus injected into the hind footpads of rats, the kinetics of all these responses correlated a ...	1977	408419
the potential role of syrian hamsters and other small animals as reservoirs of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.		1979	423535
the timing of the immune response in relation to virus growth determines the outcome of the lcm infection.	in the present study earlier observations of a dual role of the immune response against lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus were confirmed and extended. at different times after intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of the virus, groups of immunosuppressed recipients were transplanted with primary effector cells or memory cells, and the mortality was recorded. the brains and blood of untransplanted immunosuppressed recipients were titrated at intervals after the i.c. challenge, and so were the b ...	1979	433605
csf eosinophilia and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus meningitis.		1979	448483
[lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections in adults during 1971-1976].		1979	471479
dianhydrodulcitol treatment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in suckling mice.	mice 2--4 days of age were pretreated with a single 5 mg/kg dose of dianhydrodulcitol (dad) and later infected intracerebrally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus. these animals had a lower mortality rate and died later than the untreated control animals. thus dad pretreatment prevented in part of the animals the development of lethal meningitis, the consequence of lcm virus infection, reducing the cellular immune response. this effect of dad could equally be observed in animals infect ...	1979	484266
[a serological study concerning the role of the golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus) in transmitting lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus to humans (author's transl)].	a search for lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus-specific antibody was conducted in 580 persons. one group consisted of 190 14-year-old to 17-year-old girls. in 149 of these hamster contact, either recently or in the more distant past, was certain; three had antibody. in 41 girls hamster contact was doubtful and one was positive. in a second group consisting of 390 persons of either sex and all ages the question as to association with hamsters was answered 123 times in the affirmative. hams ...	1979	492072
protein structure of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: evidence for a cell-associated precursor of the virion glycopeptides.		1979	494491
determinants of spontaneous recovery and persistance in mdck cells infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.	mdck cells that normally would have been killed by standard lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus were saved either by pre- or co-infection with defective interfering (di) virus. the ability of these spared cells to produce virus-specific antigen (as well as infectious virus) and resist being killed by standard virus challenge was followed for at least 35 days. during this period both types of cultures displayed unique cycling patterns for the above characteristics. the most striking differen ...	1979	501333
assay of interferon and viral antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid in clinical neurology and psychiatry.	cerebrospinal fluids (csf) of 245 neurological and 194 psychiatric patients were tested for viral antibodies and interferon. complement dependent neutralizing antibodies to herpesvirus hominis 1 were found in the csf of patients with encephalitis (50.6%), meningitis (35.4%), lesions of peripheral nerves (36.9%), sclerosis multiplex (41.2%), schizophrenia (31.9%), senile dementia (51.4%), mental retardation (11.1%), ethylism (43.5%). neutralizing antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus were f ...	1979	525159
stimulation of the cellular immune response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus infection in suckling mice.	death occurred earlier and its rate was higher in one-week-old mice treated with phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and subsequently inoculated intracerebrally with lcm virus than in their virus infected but untreated littermates. thus pha treatment contributed to the outcome of lcm virus infection in the form of lethal meningitis. the course of lcm virus infection in 1-week-old pha treated mice was similar as in the untreated 2-week-old mice. this indicates that pha treatment accelerated the development ...	1979	539468
the immune response of the mouse to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. i. circulating antibodies.	a search was made in lcm virus-immune mice for virus-specific antibodies. with the help of an l-cell plaque assay, neutralizing antibody was readily detected. there were no essential differences between mouse strains, but marked differences existed between virus strains. whereas the inoculation of either large or small doses of we strain virus led to the early production of considerable concentrations of neutralizing antibody, in the case of e-350 strain virus, high doses were required and a muc ...	1979	541676
[risk to humans through contact with golden hamsters carrying lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (author's transl)].	among 291 persons of all age groups from cologne or frankfurt and environs who had been in contact with golden hamsters there were 17 (5.8%) with neutralizing antibodies against lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm), while such antibodies were present in only 5 (2%) of 251 persons without such contact, the difference between antibody rates representing a probability of error of 5% lcm-virus infections caused by golden hamsters occurred also in city dwellers, younger age groups and more females than ...	1977	562254