Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| q-bands of some chromosomes of the white rhinoceros (diceros simus). | 1976 | 947874 | |
| [volvulus in a white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum)]. | 1975 | 1223293 | |
| the structure and mechanical design of rhinoceros dermal armour. | the collagenous dermis of the white rhinoceros forms a thick, protective armour that is highly specialized in its structure and material properties compared with other mammalian skin. rhinoceros skin is three times thicker than predicted allometrically, and it contains a dense and highly ordered three-dimensional array of relatively straight and highly crosslinked collagen fibres. the skin of the back and flanks exhibits a steep stress-strain curve with very little 'toe' region, a high elastic m ... | 1992 | 1359589 |
| rhinoceros' rhinorrhea: cause of an outbreak of infection due to airborne mycobacterium bovis in zookeepers. | seven of 24 zookeepers exposed to a southern white rhinoceros infected with mycobacterium bovis were presumably infected via aerosols generated in the cleaning of the barn for the rhinoceros. all demonstrated conversion by the intermediate-strength purified-protein-derivative skin test, but none had clinical illness. in certain occupational settings like zoos and abattoirs, exposure to m. bovis may be an occupational hazard, and routine periodic tuberculin screening should be performed. | 1992 | 1420672 |
| measurement of urinary oestrogens and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone during ovarian cycles of black (diceros bicornis) and white (ceratotherium simum) rhinoceroses. | the development of a sensitive enzyme-immunoassay for 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha-dhp) and its use in determining reproductive status in black and white rhinoceroses is reported. 20 alpha-dhp in hydrolysed urine diluted in parallel to standards, and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) confirmed the presence of 20 alpha-dhp and the absence of pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide (pdg) in urine collected from rhinoceroses after oestrus. conjugated oestrone was identified by hplc a ... | 1992 | 1552485 |
| primary structure of pancreatic polypeptide from four species of perissodactyla (przewalski's horse, zebra, rhino, tapir). | pancreatic polypeptide (pp) has been purified from extracts of the pancreas of four species of odd-toed ungulates (perissodactyla): przewalski's horse, mountain zebra, white rhinoceros, and mountain tapir. the amino acid sequence of przewalski's horse pancreatic polypeptide was established as ala-pro-met-glu-pro-val-tyr-pro-gly-asp10-asn- ala-thr-pro-glu-gln-met-ala-gln-tyr20-ala-ala-glu-leu-arg-arg-tyr- ile-asn-met30 - leu-thr-arg-pro-arg-tyr.nh2. zebra pp was identical to przewalski's horse pp ... | 1991 | 1808025 |
| partial purification and characterization of rhinoceros gonadotropins, growth hormone, and prolactin: comparison with the horse and sheep. | the rhinoceros is an endangered species related to the horse family. little is known of its reproductive endocrinology. the objectives of this study were to partially purify rhinoceros pituitary hormones, determine which assays could be used for their assessment, and to ascertain whether rhinoceros lh possesses the intrinsic fsh activity of equine lh. a single pituitary each from a white (1.3 g) and a black (1.2 g) rhinoceros was homogenized and extracted (ph 9.5), then subjected to ph and salt ... | 1991 | 2015356 |
| metabolism of oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone in the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum). | 14c-labelled oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone (50 mu ci each) were injected i.v. into an adult female white rhinoceros and all urine and faeces collected separately over the next 4 days. the total recovery of injected label was 61%, 25% being present in the urine and 36% in the faeces. of the radioactivity recovered, 69% was excreted on day 2 of the collection period. repeated extraction of samples obtained on day 2 showed that, of the radioactivity in faeces, 92.4% was associated with unconj ... | 2007 | 2174460 |
| beta-globin chain hemoglobin polymorphism and hemoglobin stability in black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | to evaluate the syndrome of acute intravascular hemolytic anemia in black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), the hemoglobin of this species was evaluated by use of isopropanol- and heat-stability tests and was further characterized by electrophoretic studies. samples were obtained from 22 apparently healthy captive north american black rhinoceroses, though 3 of the study animals had survived previous hemolytic events, and 3 others were parents of 3 offspring that had suffered hemolysis. the easter ... | 1990 | 2337282 |
| allozyme variation and differentiation in african and indian rhinoceroses. | we studied variation at 25 to 31 allozymic loci in african and asian rhinoceroses. four taxa in three genera were examined: african ceratotherium simum simum (northern white rhinoceros), c. s. cottoni (southern white rhinoceros), diceros bicornis (black rhinoceros), and rhinoceros unicornis (indian rhinoceros). extremely small amounts of intraspecific variation were observed in sample sizes of 2 to 10 presumably unrelated individuals per taxon: p = .00-.10, h = 0.00-0.02. we examined demographic ... | 2010 | 2794471 |
| intestinal ciliated protozoa of african rhinoceros: two new genera and five new species from the white rhino (ceratotherium simum burchell, 1817). | this report represents the first published information on intestinal ciliated protozoa in the african white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum burchell, 1817). two new genera which do not relate to any known ciliated protozoa from the intestines of mammals and five new species are described. the ciliates were found in the colon of three of these free-living hindgut-fermenting grazers that were shot in widely spaced districts in southern africa. phalodinium digitalis n. gen., n. sp., arachnodinium n ... | 1987 | 3116223 |
| a new family, genus, and seven new species of entodiniomorphida (protozoa) from the gut of african rhinoceros. | this report deals with a group of ciliated protozoa with short ciliary bands found mainly in the cecum of black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis (linnaeus, 1758), and white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum (burchell, 1817) from southern africa. a new genus, rhinozeta, based on the sum total of the characteristics of seven new related species is described. the species described are r. rhinozeta n. sp., r. triciliata n. sp., r. caecalis n. sp., r. addoensis n. sp., r. cristata n. sp., r. multiplatus n. ... | 1988 | 3130481 |
| afrotropical culicoides: a redescription of c. (avaritia) kanagai khamala & kettle, 1971, reared from elephant dung in the kruger national park, south africa. | the discovery of culicoides kanagai in south africa represents a new record for this species. the female is redescribed, and the male is described for the first time. culicoides (a.) dasyops clastrier, 1958 is shown to be closely related to it but c. (a.) alticola is only superficially related. short notes on the larval habitat of c. kanagai, the dung of the african elephant, loxodonta africana, are given. the dung of both the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum, and the black rhinoceros, dice ... | 1987 | 3444613 |
| blood chemical parameters in free-living white rhinoceros ceratotherium simum. | serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein, albumin, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase were determined in free-living white rhinoceroses ceratotherium simum (n = 20). single serum cortisol (n = 20), oestradiol-17 beta (n = 14) and progesterone (n = 14) concentrations are also presented. low serum sodium (129.6 +/- 4.2 mmol/l) chloride (94.2 +/- 3.05 mmol/l) and albumi ... | 1985 | 3836304 |
| mortality of a white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) suspected to be associated with the blue-green alga microcystis aeruginosa. | three of four white rhinoceroses died within 3 months of introduction into a game reserve. post-mortem examination of one of the animals revealed marked hepatomegaly with haemorrhage and severe necrosis of the liver as well as numerous ecchymoses and petechiae in the subcutaneous tissue and subserosa of the thorax, abdomen and diaphragm. histologically, severe hepatic necrosis was the most significant finding. algae recovered from the dam from which the animals drank were identified as microcyst ... | 1985 | 3923193 |
| comparative analysis of the genomes of orthopoxviruses isolated from elephant, rhinoceros, and okapi by restriction enzymes. brief report. | orthopoxviruses from different zoo-kept mammalian species including elephas maximus (8 isolates), ceratotherium simum (1 isolate), and okapia johnstoni (2 isolates) were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis of the viral genome. the four enzymes bamhi, mlui, ncoi, and sali were found to be optimal for strain differentiation. | 1986 | 3954598 |
| [study of the kidney of the sumatra rhinoceros (dicerorhinus sumatrensis cuv.) and of the white or blunt-nose rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) as well as a note on the kidney of some other mammals and on older corrosion-preparations of kidneys of mammals]. | 1974 | 4463143 | |
| [trichophytosis in broad-mouthed rhinos (ceratotherium simum, burchell)]. | 1974 | 4850046 | |
| territoriality in the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) burchell. | 1971 | 4930978 | |
| the use of inert markers in the measurement of the digestibility of cubed concentrates and of hay given in several proportions to the pony, horse and white rhinoceros (diceros simus). | 1. the rate of passage of chromic oxide (cr) was similar in the pony and rhinoceros. 2. higher apparent amounts digested were found using 4n-hcl-insoluble ash (aia) than those determined by cr, but overall digestibilities were similar for the two species. 3. an abrupt increase in the starch content of the horse diets increased the number of faecal ciliate protozoa. only when the overall feed intake was increased in horses receiving a high dietary proportion of starch were the numbers depressed. ... | 1982 | 6124366 |
| oxygen binding properties of hemoglobin from the white rhinoceros (beta 2-glu) and the tapir. | the beta-chain of rhinoceros hemoglobin contains glutamic acid at position beta 2, and important site for the binding of organic phosphates. we have investigated the oxygen binding properties of this hemoglobin and its interaction with atp, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, co2 and chloride. the results show that the presence of glu at position beta 2 nearly abolishes the effect of organic phosphates and co2, whereas the oxygen-linked binding of chloride is not affected. thus rhinoceros hemoglobin has onl ... | 1984 | 6429805 |
| [the primary structure of the hemoglobin from a white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum, perissodactyla): beta 2 glu]. | the hemoglobin from a white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) was analysed and the complete primary structure of the alpha and beta chains is described. the globin chains were separated on cm-cellulose column in 8m urea buffer. the amino acid sequences were mainly determined by automatic degradation of tryptic peptides in the sequenator. the results show, that globin consists of one alpha- and several beta-chain types. the beta chains differ at position beta 62 where the amino acids threonine, se ... | 1982 | 7141412 |
| molecular evolution of the mitochondrial 12s rrna in ungulata (mammalia). | the complete 12s rrna gene has been sequenced in 4 ungulata (hoofed eutherians) and 1 marsupial and compared to 38 available mammalian sequences in order to investigate the molecular evolution of the mitochondrial small-subunit ribosomal rna molecule. ungulata were represented by one artiodactyl (the collared peccary, tayassu tajacu, suborder suiformes), two perissodactyls (the grevy's zebra, equus grevyi, suborder hippomorpha; the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum, suborder ceratomorpha), a ... | 1995 | 7490777 |
| isoflurane anesthesia in a rhinoceros. | during surgical exploration of the reproductive tract of a 15-year-old female white rhinoceros, anesthesia was maintained by administration of isoflurane in oxygen. anesthesia was induced with im administration of etorphine, and, to facilitate endotracheal intubation, muscle relaxation was achieved by iv administration of additional etorphine, acepromazine maleate, guaifenesin, and thiamylal sodium. minor complications encountered during the anesthetic monitoring period included hypoventilation ... | 1995 | 7768703 |
| trypanosoma simiae in the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) and the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | trypanosoma simiae was identified as the cause of a disease outbreak in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) introduced to tsavo east national park, confirming the susceptibility of camels to this pathogen. t. simiae was also isolated from a new host, the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) through xenodiagnosis with a susceptible tsetse species (glossina morsitans centralis). a white rhinoceros showed some evidence of anaemia and lymphopaenia when harbouring t. simiae, but did not suffer a ... | 1994 | 7975114 |
| rapidly evolving repetitive dnas in a conservative genome: a test of factors that affect chromosomal evolution. | the hypothesis that tandemly repeated dna sequences may facilitate chromosomal rearrangements was tested by comparing a conservatively evolving karyotype of a bat species (macrotus waterhousii) with data published for a rapidly evolving karyotype of an equid species (equus zebra). empirical data generated from the phylogenetic screening of rapidly evolving repetitive dnas from approximately 0.1% of the m. waterhousii genome showed only one sequence that was repetitive in m. waterhousii but low i ... | 1994 | 7981939 |
| diploid chromosome number and chromosomal variation in the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum). | chromosomal studies were conducted on 38 white rhinoceroses representing both the northern and southern subspecies and one subspecies hybrid. improvements in tissue culture methods and harvesting techniques have made it possible to obtain a highly repeatable diploid number of 82 chromosomes for both subspecies. comparison of g-banded karyotypes from the two subspecies failed to indicate a difference in banding pattern, but did reveal size polymorphisms involving short arm additions in five indiv ... | 2008 | 8120356 |
| dermacentor rhinocerinus (denny 1843) (acari: ixodida: ixodidae): redescription of the male, female and nymph and first description of the larva. | presented is a diagnosis of the male, female and nymph of dermacentor rhinocerinus, and the 1st description of the larval stage. adult dermacentor rhinocerinus parasitize both the black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis, and the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum. although various other large mammals have been recorded as hosts for d. rhinocerinus, only the 2 species of rhinoceros are primary hosts for adults in various areas of east, central and southern africa. adults collected from vegetation i ... | 1993 | 8332318 |
| purification and characterization of insulin and the c-peptide of proinsulin from przewalski's horse, zebra, rhino, and tapir (perissodactyla). | within the order perissodactyla, the primary structure of insulin has been strongly conserved. insulin from przewalski's horse and the mountain zebra (suborder hippomorpha) is the same as that from the domestic horse and differs from insulin from the white rhinoceros and mountain tapir (suborder ceratomorpha) by a single substitution (gly-->ser) at position 9 in the a-chain. a second molecular form of przewalski's horse insulin isolated in this study was shown to represent the gamma-ethyl ester ... | 1993 | 8454175 |
| the complete mitochondrial dna sequence of the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum, and comparison with the mtdna sequence of the indian rhinoceros, rhinoceros unicornis. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum, was determined. the length of the reported sequence is 16,832 nucleotides. this length can vary, however, due to pronounced heteroplasmy caused by differing numbers of a repetitive motif (5'-cg-catataca-3') in the control region. the 16,832 nucleotide sequence presented here is the longest version of the molecule and contains 35 copies of this motif. comparison between the complete mitochon ... | 1997 | 9126560 |
| helminths and arthropods of black and white rhinoceroses in southern africa. | helminths and arthropods were collected and quantified from two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis bicornis) and one white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum), and ticks from an additional four black and two white rhinoceroses in southern africa. the helminths of a black rhinoceros from the republic of south africa and one from namibia were quantitatively measured and recorded for each compartment of the alimentary tract. probstmayria vivipara was the most abundant parasite in each animal. a rece ... | 1997 | 9249695 |
| duplication of the southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum) luteinizing hormone beta subunit gene. | luteotropic glycoprotein hormones (lgh) include luteinizing hormone (lh) and chorionic gonadotropin (cg). the order primates is the only phylogenetic clad known to exhibit more than one lghbeta subunit gene per haploid genome. in the present study, we report the discovery of a second case of lghbeta gene replication, in the white (w) rhinoceros (r or rhino). the presence of more than one gene was strongly suggested by a complex banding pattern observed on southern blots of dna prepared from two ... | 1998 | 9723860 |
| dermal anesthesia in the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum) using a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine. | various methods have been used to obtain blood samples from unrestrained rhinoceros. without extensive prior training, the results are generally poor due to pain avoidance reactions. however a new dermal anesthesia technique previously used in humans, an eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine, made it possible to obtain blood samples from the ear veins of one male and two female white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum) and five full-thickness skin punch biopsies and subsequent suturing ... | 1998 | 9809602 |
| the guttural pouch is not present in the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum); morphology of the eustachian tube and nasopharynx. | the nasopharynx and eustachian tube (auditory tube) were morphologically examined in the white rhinoceros. the narrow nasopharynx cavity was enlarged dorsoventrally. the most lateral part of both sides sharply rises in a dorsal direction and the volume is estimated at 173 cc. the eustachian tube is 145 mm in length from the auditory bulla to the nasopharynx. the hyaline cartilage is well-developed in the middle region of the eustachian tube wall. the results demonstrated that the white rhinocero ... | 1998 | 9818452 |
| the prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea, bovine herpes virus 1, rift valley fever, ephemeral fever and bluetongue and to leptospira sp in free-ranging wildlife in zimbabwe. | the prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd), bovine herpes virus typel (bhv1), rift valley fever (rvf), bovine ephemeral fever (bef) and bluetongue (bt) and to leptospira sp. was determined in wildlife populations in zimbabwe. evidence of infection with bvd virus was found in 14 of the 16 species examined but was greatest in eland taurotragus oryx, nyala tragelaphus angasi and bushbuck tragelaphus scriptus. persistent infection with bvd virus was found in 1 of 303 a ... | 1998 | 9825798 |
| faecal progesterone metabolite analysis for non-invasive monitoring of reproductive function in the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum). | the two subspecies of white rhinoceros, southern (ceratotherium simum simum) and northern (ceratotherium simum cottoni), breed poorly in captivity, and estimates of oestrous cycle length vary considerably (range, 25-90 days). to characterise reproductive patterns, faecal samples were collected 2-3 times/week for up to 56 months from non-pregnant animals (n=21) of both subspecies. immununoreactive pregnanes containing a 20-oxo-group (20-oxo-p) were analysed in a group-specific enzyme immunoassay ... | 1998 | 9835375 |
| ultrasonographic monitoring of artificially stimulated ejaculation in three rhinoceros species (ceratotherium simum, diceros bicornis, rhinoceros unicornus). | manual massage of the penis and rectal electroejaculation methods have been minimally effective for collecting semen from the rhinoceros. these two methods for stimulating ejaculation were evaluated by rectal ultrasonography. one individual each of three rhinoceros species (ceratotherium simum simum, rhinoceros unicornis and diceros bicornis) was stimulated by manual massage of the penis and two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) were electroejaculated. on ultrasonography, neither manual mass ... | 1998 | 10065845 |
| morphology of rhinoceros platelets. | basic hematological information about rhinoceros species is limited. in this study, we have determined the platelet counts and described the platelet morphology of free-living white (ceratotherium simum) and black (diceros bicornis) rhinoceros using light and electron microscopy. the platelet counts of the two species were similar, but there were significant differences in platelet size as well as morphology between the species. the presence of large, nondiscoid platelet forms, resembling propla ... | 1999 | 10081152 |
| salmonella spp. survey of captive rhinoceroses in u.s. zoological institutions and private ranches. | a survey was mailed to 72 institutions in the usa requesting information on salmonella spp. cultures in black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum), and indian rhinoceroses (rhinoceros unicornis). sixty-one institutions responded (85% return rate), with seven reporting positive cultures (11% prevalence rate; 10% if survey nonresponders had negative cultures). there were 17 positive cultures from 16 different animals, with nine different serotypes of salmonella ... | 1999 | 10572861 |
| morphology of the intestinal tract in the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum). | the intestinal tract of the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simun) was dissected. we observed a simple structure for the small intestine, duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and a well-developed large intestine, cecum, colon and rectus. the cecum consisted of a small chamber, whereas the colon was much enlarged; notably larger than that of the domesticated horse, which belongs to the same order, perissodactyla. this suggests that in the white rhinoceros the cecum may be functionally replaced by the wel ... | 1999 | 10652824 |
| serosurvey for selected infectious disease agents in free-ranging black and white rhinoceros in africa. | two hundred and eighty one serum samples collected from free-ranging black (diceros bicornis) and white (ceratotherium simum) rhinoceros, in the republic of south africa (rsa), namibia, and kenya from 1987-97, were examined for antibody to 16 different infectious agents. positive antibody titers were detected against akabane (59.8%), bluetongue (55%), african horse sickness (27.9%), epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer (19.4%), parainfluenza type 3 (25.3%), bovine herpes virus 1 (3.1%), equine ... | 2000 | 10813614 |
| butorphanol and azaperone as a safe alternative for repeated chemical restraint in captive white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum). | anesthesia in the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) has routinely involved potent narcotic anesthetic agents such as etorphine or carfentanil with their associated adverse side effects. in captive rhinoceroses conditioned to routine handling, a combination of butorphanol and azaperone at mean (+/- sd) doses of 69.3 +/- 18.0 mg and 103.1 +/- 20.9 mg, respectively, was used to produce levels of neuroleptanalgesia ranging from light "standing" sedation to deeper planes of anesthesia producing ... | 2000 | 10982132 |
| standing laparoscopic-guided uterine biopsy in a southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum). | transrectal ultrasonography of a 35-yr-old captive female southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum) with a history of chronic mucohemorrhagic vulvar discharge revealed right transmural uterine horn enlargement. abdominal laparoscopic surgery, although extremely difficult because of inadequate instrumentation, permitted uterine visualization and biopsy. standing anesthesia, incorporating butorphanol and azaperone together with local anesthetic infiltration, facilitated the laparoscopy ... | 2000 | 10982133 |
| phylogenetic relationships of the five extant rhinoceros species (rhinocerotidae, perissodactyla) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12s rrna genes. | a major question in rhinocerotid phylogenetics concerns the position of the sumatran rhinoceros (dicerorhinus sumatrensis) with regard to the other extant asian (rhinoceros unicornis and r. sondaicus) and african (diceros bicornis and ceratotherium simum) species. we have examined this particular question through the phylogenetic analysis of the complete sequences of the mitochondrial 12s rrna and cytochrome b genes. three additional perissodactyls (one tapir and two equids) plus several outgrou ... | 2001 | 11286489 |
| hosts of the immature stages of the rhinoceros tick, dermacentor rhinocerinus (acari, ixodidae). | the collection of the immature stages of dermacentor rhinocerinus from host animals is described for the first time. these are the bushveld gerbil (tatera leucogaster, from which larvae and nymphs were collected, the red veld rat (aethomys crysophilus), from which a larva was collected, and the natal multimammate rat (mastomys natalensis), from which a nymph was collected. the rodents were examined in a nature reserve in which there are white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum). | 2001 | 11403434 |
| identification of a series of c(21)o(2) pregnanes from fecal extracts of a pregnant black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor). | fecal extracts from a pregnant black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis, were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, hplc, and by gc-mass spectrometry. from 40 g of dried feces a total of 33 pregnanes in the c(21)o(2) series, including a number of novel 17 alpha epimers were identified. no progesterone was recovered. the principal progesterone metabolite by mass was 5 alpha-pregnan-3 beta,20 alpha-diol (44.5%), which did not cross react with the antibody used in our ria. the antibody recognized progesterone an ... | 2001 | 11711115 |
| fat soluble vitamins in blood and tissues of free-ranging and captive rhinoceros. | several disease syndromes in captive rhinoceroses have been linked to low vitamin status. blood samples from captive and free-ranging black (diceros bicornis) and white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) and tissue samples of captive individuals from four rhinoceros species were analysed for vitamins a and e. circulating vitamin a levels measured as retinol for free-ranging versus captive black and white rhinoceros were 0.04 (+/- 0.03 sd) vs. 0.08 (+/- 0.08) and 0.07 (+/- 0.04) vs. 0.06 (+/- 0.02) ... | 2002 | 12038140 |
| neosporosis in a white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) calf. | a 16-day-old white rhinoceros calf died suddenly while in excellent condition and showing no obvious previous clinical signs. it was the 9th calf of a mature female kept free-ranging with 11 other rhinoceros as well as various other game species on a 2000 hectare game breeding centre adjacent to the town of lichtenburg and outlying cattle farmlands in the northern province. at post mortem examination, death was ascribed to heart failure. there was marked multifocal to coalescing subacute parasit ... | 2002 | 12088073 |
| rectal prolapse associated with a healed pelvic fracture in a pregnant free-ranging african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). part 2: surgery and necropsy. | the oedematous and traumatised protruding section of the rectal tissue of an adult free-ranging female african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was surgically amputated. immediately before completion of surgery, the rhinoceros died of anaesthetic-related cardiac arrest. at necropsy a deformed pelvis and sacrum associated with a healed fracture of the left ileal wing were noted. new bone formation in and around the left ventral sacral foramina may have resulted in neuropathy of particularly th ... | 2001 | 12219923 |
| intraocular pressure and tear production in five herbivorous wildlife species. | the intraocular pressure and rate of tear production were measured in 18 addax antelopes (addax nasomaculatus), four impalas (aepyceros melampus), 11 wide-lipped rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum), 10 white-tailed wildebeests (connochaetes gnou) and seven scimitar-horned oryxes (oryx dammah). the animals were anaesthetised with an intramuscular injection of etorphine hydrochloride and acepromazine maleate, and the schirmer tear test i was used to evaluate tear production, and applanation tonomet ... | 2002 | 12233828 |
| remote assessment of stress in white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) and black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) by measurement of adrenal steroids in feces. | this study monitored fecal cortisol and corticosterone levels in 14 black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) and in seven white rhinoceroses (certotherium simum) under various conditions of captivity, including translocation. free cortisol and free corticosterone were measured in methylene chloride extracts of feces, using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the extraction-assay method was validated for quantitative measurement of these hormones by mass spectroscopy analysis, chemical de ... | 2002 | 12462487 |
| clinical implications of rhinoceros reproductive tract anatomy and histology. | reproductive tracts or tissues from five male black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), two male white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum), two male one-horned asian rhinoceroses (rhinoceros unicornis), seven female black rhinoceroses, and six female white rhinoceroses from multiple institutions were examined to characterize their anatomy and histology. some observations and measurements were obtained from in situ tracts of intact animals before or during necropsy. formalin-fixed tissues were dissec ... | 2001 | 12790392 |
| diagnosis and management of a patent urachus in a white rhinoceros calf (ceratotherium simum simum). | a 10-day-old female southern white rhinoceros calf (ceratotherium simum simum) was diagnosed with a patent urachus after urine was observed dribbling from the umbilicus. after being separated from its mother, the animal was sedated with i.m. butorphanol and anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen for surgical correction of the patent urachus. mild postoperative complications involved seroma formation and partial skin incision dehiscence, which necessitated three follow-up immobilizations for reev ... | 2001 | 12790407 |
| species identification of rhinoceros horns using the cytochrome b gene. | material suspected of originating from species of rhinoceros is frequently seized by forensic organizations investigating trade in endangered species. at present identification of the species is possible by dna sequencing of the material, such as powdered rhinoceros horns. the unambiguous identification of rhino products using a 402 bp fragment of cytochrome b gene was investigated. this dna sequence may not only assist in the identification of the unknown sample, but can be used to determine th ... | 2003 | 12969614 |
| epidermal structures in a rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum). | 1958 | 13566243 | |
| relationship between androgens, environmental factors and reproductive behavior in male white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum). | we conducted a longitudinal study of the endocrine activity of free-range male white rhinos. an enzyme immunoassay to measure androgens in the feces was developed and validated to show that it can be used to study testicular activity. we identified two fecal metabolites similar to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. several lines of evidence suggest that these metabolites clearly reflect testicular activity. firstly, the stimulation of testicular activity with synthetic gnrh caused a 156% incr ... | 2004 | 14733886 |
| cross-species chromosome painting in the perissodactyla: delimitation of homologous regions in burchell's zebra (equus burchellii) and the white (ceratotherium simum) and black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | conserved chromosomal segments in the black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis (dbi, 2n = 84), and its african sister-species the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum (csi, 2n = 82), were detected using burchell's zebra (equus burchellii, ebu, 2n = 44) chromosome-specific painting probes supplemented by a subset of those developed for the horse (equus caballus, eca, 2n = 64). in total 41 and 42 conserved autosomal segments were identified in c. simum and d. bicornis respectively. only 21 rearrangemen ... | 2003 | 15004472 |
| severe hypoxaemia in field-anaesthetised white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) and effects of using tracheal insufflation of oxygen. | white rhinoceros anaesthetised with etorphine and azaperone combination develop adverse physiological changes including hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis, tachycardia and hypertension. these changes are more marked in field-anaesthetised rhinoceros. this study was designed to develop a technique to improve safety for field-anaesthetised white rhinoceros by tracheal intubation and oxygen insufflation. twenty-five free-ranging white rhinoceros were anaesthetised with an etorphine and azaperone combin ... | 2004 | 15456163 |
| reproductive soundness of captive southern and northern white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum simum, c.s. cottoni): evaluation of male genital tract morphology and semen quality before and after cryopreservation. | white rhinoceroses suffer from a low rate of reproduction in captivity. this study examines the role of male reproductive function as a contributing factor. we used ultrasonography to image accessory sex glands, testis and epididymis. electroejaculation provided 36 ejaculates from 21 rhinoceroses. based on the percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa, semen was categorized in three groups, high (i: >75%), intermediate (ii: 50-70%) or low (iii: <50%) quality. only 52% of the males showed hi ... | 2005 | 15589286 |
| tannin-binding salivary proteins in three captive rhinoceros species. | tannin-binding salivary proteins (tbsp) are considered to be counter-defences acquired in the course of evolution by animals whose natural forage contains such tannins. as tannins mostly occur in browse material but not in grasses, it is assumed that grazers do not have a need for tbsp. whereas it has been shown in several non-ungulate species that tbsp can be induced by dietary tannins, their presence or absence in ungulates has, so far, been shown to be a species-specific characteristic indepe ... | 2005 | 15664314 |
| comparative studies of mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in four captive rhinoceros species. | cellular immune function in four rhinoceros species was evaluated by way of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation responses to mitogenic and antigenic stimuli to establish normative data on white blood cell activity for each species and to identify species-specific differences that might help explain the predisposition of black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) to disease. a cross section of the u.s. rhinoceros population encompassing all four captive species was sampled, including the sumatran rhinoc ... | 2004 | 15732584 |
| incidence of ryegrass staggers in white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) at auckland zoo. | 2004 | 15768084 | |
| the effect of long non-reproductive periods on the genital health in captive female white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum simum, c.s. cottoni). | white rhinoceroses suffer from a low reproductive rate in captivity. intensive efforts to propagate specifically the northern white rhinoceros have been very limited. the dismal outlook for this subspecies in the wild makes successful ex situ breeding programs paramount. in this context, this study examined 48 southern and 6 northern white rhinoceroses using ultrasound and faecal hormone analysis to elucidate causes for female reproductive failure and to determine whether long non-reproductive p ... | 2006 | 16213012 |
| seminoma in a southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum). | 2005 | 16258138 | |
| structure of white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) horn investigated by x-ray computed tomography and histology with implications for growth and external form. | the nasal and frontal horns of two individuals of ceratotherium simum were examined by x-ray computed tomography (ct scanning), gross observation of sectioned horn, and light microscopy of histological sections of the horn tissue. ct scans of both sets of horns reveal a periodic banding pattern that is evident upon gross observation of sections as darker bands of tissue. the overlap of these bands in both histological and ct slices suggests the presence of both a photoabsorbent component (melani ... | 2006 | 16823809 |
| absence of hypomethylation and line-1 amplification in a white x black rhinoceros hybrid. | genomic stress resulting from the interspecific hybridization of marsupials has been shown to lead to hypomethylation and transposable element over-amplification. here we investigated both methylation status and transposable element (line-1) activity in an f1 hybrid between the black (diceros bicornis) and white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum). our data show that in this instance the hybrid genome was not characterised by gross hypomethylation and line-1 over-amplification thus extending previo ... | 2006 | 16850215 |
| captive breeding of the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum, and the cape buffalo, syncerus caffer. | breeding records of 40 white rhinoceros and 155 cape buffalo were analysed. three rhinoceros cows bred in captivity, themselves conceived for the first time at 84, 87 and 95 months of age, respectively. rhinoceros cows breed throughout the year. there is no evidence of a relationship between calving interval and month of birth. calving intervals were normally distributed about the mean of 34 months and there were no significant differences between bulls, cows or sex of calf. there was no differe ... | 2006 | 17058447 |
| new entodiniomorphid ciliates from the intestine of the wild african white rhinoceros belong to a new family, the gilchristidae. | gilchristia artemis n.g., n.sp. and digilchristia draconis n.g., n.sp. in the order entodiniomorphida are described from the large intestine of the african white rhinoceros, and a new family gilchristidae is proposed to contain them. these new species have a c-shaped adoral polybrachykinety, a slender vestibular polybrachykinety, and paralabial kineties along the ventral side of the adoral polybrachykinety in their retractable adoral ciliary zone, showing the same arrangement as in the rumen cil ... | 2006 | 17113475 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and the production of rhinoceros ifn-gamma specific antibodies. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is endemic in african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the kruger national park (knp). in addition to buffalo, mycobacterium bovis has been found in at least 14 other mammalian species in south africa, including kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros), chacma baboon (papio ursinus) and lion (panthera leo). this has raised concern about the spillover into other potentially susceptible species like rhinoceros, thus jeopardising breeding and relocation projects aiming at the conservat ... | 2007 | 17118460 |
| molecular cloning and histological localization of lh-like substances in a bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) placenta. | all mammals exhibit pituitary-specific expression of lh and fsh, whereas placental expression of gonadotropins has been reported only in primates and equids. some cetaceans, such as dolphins, have a long gestational period and a sexual cycle of about 27 days almost comparable with that of humans. histologically, dolphins have an epitheliochorial placentae that resembles placentas of perissodactyla including horses. in the present study, we cloned cdnas encoding gonadotropins and observed their i ... | 2007 | 17158078 |
| semen collection in rhinoceroses (rhinoceros unicornis, diceros bicornis, ceratotherium simum) by electroejaculation with a uniquely designed probe. | electroejaculation in rhinoceroses has historically yielded inconsistent results, with the collection of high-quality, sperm-rich samples rare. the goal of this study was to develop a reliable method of electroejaculation in the rhinoceros by designing a rectal probe that appropriately fits the anatomy of this taxon and refining the procedure. a curved probe handle ending in an oblate, ellipsoid head was built using readily available supplies. a combination of rectal massage, penile massage, and ... | 2005 | 17312718 |
| the relationship between vaginal electrical impedence and hormone profiles during pregnancy and parturition of a white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum). | in this study, an attempt was made to use vaginal electrical impedance to predict calving in a female white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum) and to determine the relationship between vaginal electrical impedance and hormonal profiles during pregnancy. the principle behind vaginal electrical impedance is that a change in the ionic balance of vaginal and cervical mucus occurs in response to changes in reproductive hormones. three times weekly vaginal electrical impedance readings and fecal s ... | 2005 | 17312764 |
| serial chemical restraint for treatment of decubitus ulcers in two neonatal white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum). | two neonatal white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum) at two zoological institutions were medically managed for wounds characterized by extensive multifocal necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, associated with decubitus ulcers throughout the body. wounds resulted from prolonged recumbency due to inability to stand in one case and causes unconfirmed in the other. both calves were born in cement stalls during winter. using either butorphanol (i.v. or i.m.) alone or in combination with det ... | 2006 | 17319140 |
| artificial insemination in the anoestrous and the postpartum white rhinoceros using gnrh analogue to induce ovulation. | the objective of this study was to develop ai and to achieve first time pregnancy in a nulliparous rhinoceros. for this, one 24-year-old irregular cycling female white rhinoceros was selected, which had never been mated. the endocrine function was monitored by faecal and serum pregnane analysis. ultrasound determined the optimal day for ai by measuring follicle sizes of 2.0, 2.6, 3.0, 3.2 cm on days -6, -4, -1, 0 of the induced oestrous cycle, respectively. ai was performed and ovulation induced ... | 2007 | 17451805 |
| capture of the white (square-lipped) rhinoceros ceratotherium simum simum (burchell) with the use of drug immobilization technique. | the capture of the white (square-lipped) rhinoceros ceratotherium simum simum (burchell) by the drug immobilization method is described. details are given of the drug doses and the reactions of the twelve animals immobilized. the value of this method of capture is discussed, especially in relation to the preservation of rhinoceros by moving from contested areas. | 1962 | 17649392 |
| assisted reproduction in female rhinoceros and elephants--current status and future perspective. | over the last few decades, rhinoceroses and elephants became important icons in the saga of wildlife conservation. recent surveys estimate the wild asian (elephas maximus) and african (loxodonta africana) elephant populations to be, at most, 50 250 and 637 600 respectively. for the five rhinoceros species, black (diceros bicornis), white (ceratotherium simum), indian (rhinoceros unicornis), javan (rhinoceros sondaicus) and sumatran rhinoceros (dicerorhinus sumatrensis), the population estimates ... | 2007 | 17688600 |
| reference cardiopulmonary physiologic parameters for standing, unrestrained white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum). | chemical restraint is an important tool for the management and medical care of both captive and free-ranging rhinoceroses. current anesthetic protocols for the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) are reported to cause varying degrees of hypertension, tachycardia, muscular stiffness and fasciculation, acidosis, and, most importantly, respiratory depression with resulting hypoventilation, hypoxia, and hypercapnea. to assist in the assessment and development of new and improved anesthetic techni ... | 2007 | 17939345 |
| the cardiopulmonary effects of etorphine, azaperone, detomidine, and butorphanol in field-anesthetized white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum). | white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum) anesthetized with etorphine combinations develop severe pathophysiologic changes, including hypoventilation, hypoxemia and metabolic acidosis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of butorphanol to the immobilizing mixture on the cardiopulmonary effects in free-ranging white rhinoceroses darted from the helicopter. in the control group (n=15), the rhinoceroses were anesthetized with etorphine, azaperone, detomidine, and hyaluronidase adminis ... | 2007 | 17939346 |
| successful treatment of a squamous cell carcinoma in a white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum. | a captive 33-year-old male white rhinoceros with seasonal dermatitis was diagnosed with a malignant squamous cell carcinoma on the right flank. staphylococcus aureus was cultured from the skin lesions. no fungal or yeast was isolated. the dermatitis was treated with a combination of oral antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulphadiazine) and topically with weekly chlorhexidine washes and a mixture of a zinc oxide, balsam peru and bismuth oxide cream. under azaperone and butorphanol anaesthesia, the skin t ... | 2007 | 17991166 |
| two new entodiniomorphid triplumaria ciliates from the intestine of the wild african white rhinoceros. | two new species of triplumaria in the order entodiniomorphida, t. alluvia n. sp. and t. grypoclunis n. sp., are described from the large intestine of the wild african white rhinoceros. t. alluvia has three bud-shaped caudalia, one broad skeletal plate with a wavy left dorsal edge, and an axe-shaped tail flap. t. grypoclunis has three short arched caudalia, two broad skeletal plates, and a pointed and ventrally curved tail flap. these two new species have a c-shaped adoral polybrachykinety, a sle ... | 2008 | 18191388 |
| corticosteroid-induced suppression of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in four captive rhinoceros species. | captive african black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) are unusually susceptible to several diseases not commonly observed in any of the other three rhinoceros species maintained in captivity. the potential role of corticosteroids (either endogenously produced or exogenously administered) in the development of these sometimes fatal diseases has been questioned. in this study, the suppressive effects of two therapeutic corticosteroids (dexamethasone and hydrocortisone) on in vitro lymphocyte proli ... | 2007 | 18229856 |
| multidirectional cross-species painting illuminates the history of karyotypic evolution in perissodactyla. | the order perissodactyla, the group of odd-toed ungulates, includes three extant families: equidae, tapiridae, and rhinocerotidae. the extremely rapid karyotypic diversification in perissodactyls has so far prevented the establishment of genome-wide homology maps between these three families by traditional cytogenetic approaches. here we report the first genome-wide comparative chromosome maps of african rhinoceroses, four tapir species, four equine species, and humans. these maps were establish ... | 2008 | 18293107 |
| split-sample comparison of directional and liquid nitrogen vapour freezing method on post-thaw semen quality in white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum simum and ceratotherium simum cottoni). | to increase the quality of cryopreserved sperm in white rhinoceros, the liquid nitrogen vapour (ln vapour) freezing and the multi-thermal gradient directional freezing methods were compared. sixteen white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum sp.) were electro-ejaculated. semen samples were diluted with cryoextender (tris, lactose, egg-yolk, dmso) and aliquoted into straws for ln vapour freezing, and glass hollow tubes for directional freezing. the sperm quality was evaluated before and after freezing ... | 2009 | 18775559 |
| first successful artificial insemination with frozen-thawed semen in rhinoceros. | the first successful artificial insemination (ai) in a rhinoceros was reported in 2007 using fresh semen. following that success, we decided to evaluate the possibility of using frozen-thawed semen for artificial insemination. semen, collected from a 35-36 year old southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum) in the uk was frozen using the directional freezing technique. this frozen semen was used in two intrauterine ai attempts on a 30 years old female rhinoceros in hungary. the first ... | 2009 | 19007979 |
| germany/australia index of sperm sex sortability in elephants and rhinoceros. | flow cytometric sexing of spermatozoa followed by application in artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization provides a unique opportunity to predetermine the sex of offspring and might enhance the conservation management of endangered species in captivity such as the elephant and rhinoceros. to obtain an indication of the sortability of spermatozoa from these species, the relative dna differences between x and y chromosome bearing spermatozoa (fresh, frozen thawed, epididymal) from three ... | 2009 | 19055564 |
| effects of sociosexual environment on serum testosterone in captive male african rhinoceros. | the relationships between testosterone concentrations in male african rhinoceros and the presence of conspecific males and females were investigated. serum testosterone concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) in 37 male black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) and 21 male white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) housed at 37 institutions in the usa. testosterone concentrations in both black (n=37) and white (n=21) rhinoceros males rose with increasing numbers of females prese ... | 2009 | 19167747 |
| identification of toxigenic microcystis strains after incidents of wild animal mortalities in the kruger national park, south africa. | the eutrophic process potentially caused by a high urine and faecal load resulting from an unusually high hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibious) density in the nhlanganzwane dam, kruger national park, south africa, triggered a chain of events characterised by an increase in the growth of primary producers (microcystis aeruginosa). this increase in m. aeruginosa biomass was followed by bio-intoxication incidents in wild animals. in this study, we determine if a m. aeruginosa bloom with a total mi ... | 2009 | 19232725 |
| social and spatial relationships in captive southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum). | although critical to the conservation of white rhinoceros, captive breeding has proven challenging because of the poor and irregular reproductive health of many captive rhinos, and social interactions may play a significant role. this research investigated the social and spatial relationships of two captive groups of southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum) by examining the frequency of companion changes, the number of space maintenance vocalizations made per hour by each reproducti ... | 2007 | 19360596 |
| feasibility of sex-sorting sperm from the white and the black rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum, diceros bicornis). | the objective of these studies was to investigate the practicality of flow cytometric sex-sorting for spermatozoa from the white and the black rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum, diceros bicornis). in experiment 1, four semen extenders were tested regarding their suitability for liquid preservation of spermatozoa before sorting. dilution in mes-hepes-based semen extender followed by incubation generated best sperm quality parameters (motility, viability, and acrosome integrity). in experiment 2, th ... | 2009 | 19411099 |
| analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes from extinct and extant rhinoceroses reveals lack of phylogenetic resolution. | the scientific literature contains many examples where dna sequence analyses have been used to provide definitive answers to phylogenetic problems that traditional (non-dna based) approaches alone have failed to resolve. one notable example concerns the rhinoceroses, a group for which several contradictory phylogenies were proposed on the basis of morphology, then apparently resolved using mitochondrial dna fragments. | 2009 | 19432984 |
| comparative investigations on digestion in grazing (ceratotherium simum) and browsing (diceros bicornis) rhinoceroses. | rhinoceroses represent the largest extant herbivores with extensive dietary specialization for plant groups like browse (black rhino diceros bicornis) or grass (white rhino ceratotherium simum). however, it is not clear to what extent such diet selection patterns are reflected in adaptations of digestive physiology of the respective feeding types. in this study, feeding trials with four black and five white rhinos were conducted in four zoos. the animals had ad libitum access to the same batch o ... | 2010 | 20227512 |
| retention of fluid and particles in captive tapirs (tapirus sp.). | the retention of ingesta in the digestive tract is a major characteristic of herbivorous animals. we measured particle and fluid mean retention times (mrt) in 13 lowland tapirs (tapirus terrestris) and 5 malayan tapirs (tapirus indicus) from five zoological institutions on their usual zoo diet and 2 lowland and 4 malayan tapirs additionally on roughage-only diets (total n of trials=24) with cobalt-edta as fluid and chromium-mordanted fibre (<2 mm) as particle markers. mrt for fluid and particles ... | 2010 | 20363350 |
| the sixth rhino: a taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros. | the two forms of white rhinoceros; northern and southern, have had contrasting conservation histories. the northern form, once fairly numerous is now critically endangered, while the southern form has recovered from a few individuals to a population of a few thousand. since their last taxonomic assessment over three decades ago, new material and analytical techniques have become available, necessitating a review of available information and re-assessment of the taxonomy. | 2010 | 20383328 |
| anesthetic management of a white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) undergoing an emergency exploratory celiotomy for colic. | a 26-year-old male white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum), weighing approximately 2000 kg was anesthetized for an exploratory celiotomy. sedation was achieved with intramuscular butorphanol (0.04 mg kg(-1)) and detomidine (0.025 mg kg(-1)) and induction of anesthesia with intravenous glyceryl guaiacolate (50 g) and three intravenous boluses of ketamine (200 mg, each); the trachea was then intubated and anesthesia maintained with isoflurane in oxygen using a circle breathing system. positioning i ... | 2010 | 20456115 |
| alkaline phosphatase as an indicator of true ejaculation in the rhinoceros. | the objective was to determine if seminal alkaline phosphatase (alp) can serve as an indicator of true ejaculation in the rhinoceros. concentrations of alp activity were determined in seminal fractions collected from african black rhinos (diceros bicornis), an african white rhino (ceratotherium simum), and an indian rhino (rhinoceros unicornis) during electroejaculation. in addition, seminal fractions collected during penile massage of a sumatran rhino (dicerorhinus sumatrensis) were assessed. c ... | 2010 | 20615535 |
| a case of metastatic uterine adenocarcinoma in a southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum). | a 39-yr-old, acyclic, uniparous, female white rhinoceros with a history of recurrent vaginal bleeding was euthanized following a period of respiratory distress and ill-thrift. the rhinoceros' uterus had previously been evaluated by ultrasound and diffuse endometrial hyperplasia and two benign uterine leiomyomas had been diagnosed. at necropsy examination, a large, infiltrative, metastatic uterine adenocarcinoma was found multifocally throughout the uterus, scattered within the peritoneal cavity, ... | 2010 | 20722262 |
| systemic neosporosis in a white rhinoceros. | neosporosis was diagnosed in a 16-year-old female white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) that died suddenly without clinical signs. histopathology revealed disseminated protozoan tachyzoites in liver, adrenal cortex, kidney, and intestine, with morphology compatible with either toxoplasma or neospora. the organism was identified as neospora caninum with the use of primary rabbit anti-n. caninum antibody immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. the exact source of infection remains unk ... | 2010 | 20722274 |
| dietary impact on circulating glucose profiles in the white rhinoceros. | excess dietary glucose may be a factor in several captive wildlife diseases and reproductive abnormalities. the first step in understanding the health consequences of diets high in glucose is to characterize how dietary glucose concentrations change circulating glucose profiles. we adapted the glycemic index approach to detect differences in blood glucose concentrations in white rhinos in response to different meals. six white rhinos were fasted overnight then randomly assigned to be fed 5 kg of ... | 2011 | 20796075 |
| serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-i and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 and -3 in eight hoofstock species. | the somatotropic axis, which includes growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor (igf)-i, and igf binding proteins (igfbp), is involved in the regulation of growth and metabolism. measures of the somatotropic axis can be predictive of nutritional status and growth rate that can be utilized to identify nutritional status of individual animals. before the somatotropic axis can be a predictive tool, concentrations of hormones of the somatotropic axis need to be established in healthy individuals. t ... | 2010 | 20853408 |
| fecal corticosterone concentrations and reproductive success in captive female southern white rhinoceros. | prolonged or frequent secretion of adrenal glucocorticoids in response to aversive stimuli can negatively impact reproduction. because female southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum) reproduce poorly in captivity, we compared fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations among parous, nulliparous, and adolescent females and examined social and physical aspects of the captive environment that might be related to differences in corticosterone metabolite concentrations. aggression, do ... | 2011 | 21354160 |