Publications

[immunodiffusion analysis of plasma proteins in the canine family].	immunodiffusion studies have been made on the plasma of 9 species (vulpes vulpes, v. corsak, alopex lagopus, canis aureus, c. lupus, c. familiaris, c. dingo, nyctereutes procynoides, fennecus zerde) from the family of canidae using milk antisera. unlike rabbit antisera used earlier, milk antisera make it possible to detect more significant antigenic divergency with respect to 5 alpha- and beta-globulins. these globulins seem to have a higher evolution rate of antigenic mosaics as compared to oth ...	1976	62473
hematotropic parasites of translocated raccoons in the southeast.	ninety-four raccoons (procyon lotor) from 6 southeastern states were examined for hematotropic parasites, to evaluate the carrier potential of these animals as they relate to translocation and release for hunting purposes. four species of hematotropic parasites were identified, viz, babesia procyonis, haemobartonella procyoni, hepatozoon procyonis, and trypanosoma cruzi. lesions in infected raccoons were associated only with h procyonis. babesia procyonis was enzootic in populations of raccoons ...	1978	104938
rocky mountain spotted fever in connecticut: human cases, spotted-fever group rickettsiae in ticks, and antibodies in mammals.	three parameters were used in 1976 and 1977 to assess the status of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) in connecticut--compilation and review of clinical data on suspected human cases for the 13-year period 1965--1977, examination of tick tissues for spotted fever-group rickettsiae by the hemolymph test and direct immunofluorescence, and analyses of mammalian sera for antibodies against rickettsia rickettsii. there were six presumptive rmsf cases which probably originated in connecticut. four o ...	1979	111543
attempted experimental cross infections with mammalian guinea-worms, dracunculus spp. (nematoda: dracunculoidea).	dracunculus medinensis and d. insignis are morphologically indistinguishable. experiments to test the susceptibility of various mammalian hosts to these two guinea worm species are described. infective 3rd-stage larvae of d. medinensis were administered to each of four raccons (procyon lotor): infective 3rd-stage larvae of d. insignis were administered to a rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta), two dogs, two ferrets (mustela putorius furo), and a marten (martes americana). d. medinensis was not found ...	1976	134642
observations on the seasonal prevalence, pathology and transmission of dracunculus insignis (nematoda: dracunculoidea) in the raccoon (procyon lotor (l.) in ontario.	lesions due to dracunculus insignis in the legs of raccoons (procyon lotor) in southern ontario occur seasonally as most larvigerous females emerge in the spring and early summer (april-june). the pathology of dracunculiasis in the raccoon is described and the transmission of the parasite in the wild is discussed with respect to seasonality and local agricultural practices. crayfish, fishes and frogs (including tadpoles) were given infective third-stage larvae of d. insignis to test their suitab ...	1977	144196
wildlife and environmental health: raccoons as indicators of zoonoses and pollutants in southeastern united states.	inasmuch as terrestrial fauna are an integral part of our natural environment and are directly exposed to disease and pollutants, it follows that certain wild populations could serve to detect subtle alterations within ecosystems. a collection of studies on raccoons is presented to stimulate other researchers to develop the potential of our wildlife resources as monitors of environmental health. raccoons have been used as serologic sentinels for st louis encephalitis and venezuelan equine enceph ...	1975	170239
viral inclusions in raccoon liver cells.	three young raccoons (procyon lotor), two from michigan and one from arizona, died suddenly from acute infections. intranuclear inclusion bodies and viral particles typical of herpesvirus were seen in liver cells from all three. inclusions also were seen in the nuclei of endothelial cells in the lung, liver, glomeruli and reticuloendothelial cells of the spleen. the source of the infection was not determined, but possible transmission from other species could not be ruled out.	1978	206734
[epidemiology of rabies (author's transl)].	rabies is widespread in all continents except australia. as an anthropozoonosis its main importance is in areas with uncontrolled dog rabies, nowadays principally topical and subtropical regions. the greatest economic losses however are encountered in the cattle herds of south and central america, where paralyssa prevails. in the northern hemisphere particularly rabies is enzootic among wildlife. under the given ecological conditions only one or two species act as primary vectors of the infectio ...	1978	306053
application of the soluble antigen fluorescent antibody (safa) test to the serodiagnosis of rabies.	the adaptation and evaluation of the soluble antigen fluorescent antibody (safa) test for the serologic diagnosis of rabies is described. evaluation of the safa test was based on a comparison between serum titers obtained in the safa test, the mouse serum neutralization (sn) test and in the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifat) test. dog, fox, raccoon and skunk sera were used for the comparison with mouse sn titers. human serum was used for the comparison with the ifat titer. the purity and conce ...	1977	320266
orientation detectors in the primary somatosensory neocortex of the raccoon.	an analysis of response properties of single neurons in the forepaw region of the primary somatosensory neocortex (si) of the raccoon was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the neural bases of tactile form discrimination. in the course of this investigation a new type of feature detector neuron which responded preferentially to tactile stimulus orientation was discovered. within a sample of 110 neurons responding to light touch, two categories of cells were noted in terms of the type o ...	1977	326352
rabies in translocated raccoons.	two raccoons imported from florida by a north carolina hunting club were diagnosed as having rabies by fluorescent antibody testing of brain tissue. although dead on arrival in north carolina, they could have infected other raccoons in the same shipment which had already been released into the wild. raccoon rabies has become increasingly important in recent years, but this is the first documented report of rabies presence in hunter-purchased interstate shipments.	1979	443502
sites of organic acid production and patterns of digesta movement in the gastro-intestinal tract of the raccoon.	twelve raccoons were used to assess the movement of fluid and particulate digesta through their gastrointestinal tract and to determine the diurnal variations in organic acid levels for the various segments of the tract. fluid and particulate markers were administered at the time of meal feeding. animals were killed at given intervals after the administration of markers. the gastrointestinal tract was removed and divided into seven segments for measurement of markers, ph, volatile fatty acids (v ...	1979	448450
trichinella spiralis in raccoons (procyon lotor) of tennessee.		1979	448587
procyonostrongylus muelleri gen. et sp. n. (metastrongyloidea: angiostrongylidae) from the raccoon (procyon l. lotor).	procyonostrongylus muelleri gen. et sp. n. from under the epithelium of the epiglottis of procyon l. lotor is distinguished by 1) the absence of lips; 2) a highly developed reinforced bursa with a deep terminal incision; 3) highly developed toothlike dorsal rays; 1) greatly reduced externodorsal rays; and 5) the terminal or subterminal anus and vulva in the female.	1979	512773
serologic survey for toxoplasma gondii in wild animals in florida.	blood samples were collected for serum separation from 114 species of wild animals (25 species of mammals, 82 species of birds, and 7 species of reptiles) in florida. each of the 3,471 samples was tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii, using the indirect hemagglutination test. the highest prevalences of t gondii antibodies were 19% in armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus), 18% in raccoons (procyon lotor), 13% in black rats (rattus rattus), and 11% in opossums (didelphis marsupialis). antibody p ...	1979	521384
reproductive features in the female raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides).		1977	563458
experimental coonhound paralysis: animal model of guillain-barré syndrome.	coonhound paralysis (chp), a polyradiculoneuritis of dogs that resembles the human guillain-barré syndrome, was experimentally reproduced by inoculating a dog with raccoon saliva. the test animal was a coonhound that had previously sustained two naturally occurring attacks of chp. success in inducing the disease strengthened the notion that raccoon saliva contains the etiologic factor for chp and that only specifically susceptible dogs are at risk of developing chp when exposed to this factor.	1979	572511
human infestation by cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae), from suburban raccoons.		1979	575164
nematode from the masticatory mucosa of the raccoon (procyon lotor).		1978	625864
dirofilaria cancrivori sp. n. (nematoda: filarioidea from the crabdog, procyon cancrivorus, in guyana.	dirofilaria cancrivori sp. n. is described from subcutaneous tissues of the crabdog, procyon cancrivorus, in guyana, south america. the filarid is morphologically distinct from dirofilaria tenuis, parasite of a related host, the raccoon, in the southern united states, and all other species of dirofilaria. the parasite can be distinguished from other dirofilarias based on a combination of morphological features including its size, number, and arrangement of caudal papillae on the male tail, size ...	1978	627950
levels of oestrogen and progesterone in the plasma of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) during oestrus and pregnancy.		1978	632726
laboratory observations on the insusceptibility of raccoons to dirofilaria immitis.	two raccoons, procyon lotor, were exposed to dirofilaria immitis by subcutaneous injection of infective third stage larvae obtained from experimentally-infected aedes trivittatus. nematodes were not recovered from either raccoon when examined at necropsy 223 and 254 days postexposure. large numbers of adult d. immitis were found in six dogs used as controls. these data indicate that raccoons cannot support the development of d. immitis.	1978	633513
lead poisoning of raccoons in connecticut.	a wild raccoon (procyon lotor) had clinical signs, histopathologic and ultrastructural lesions indicative of lead intoxication. the diagnosis was confirmed by chemical analyses of liver and kidney tissues which revealed 35 ppm of lead in wet tissues. a survey of hepatic lead concentration in 13 additional raccoons was conducted.	1978	650783
somatotopic organization of mechanosensory projections to sii cerebral neocortex in the raccoon (procyon lotor).	the pattern of projections of peripheral receptors to the neocortex in the second somesthetic receiving area (sii) was mapped in raccoons. the purpose was to determine if the projection area of peripheral receptors to the forepaw area in the sii region is disproportionally enlarged as it is in si. tungsten microelectrode recording procedures were used to map thoroughly the inferior wall of the suprasylvian sulcus for regions responsive to mechanical stimulation of peripheral receptors. the resul ...	1978	690281
amino acid sequence of the hemoglobin of raccoon (procyon lotor).	the amino acid sequences of the hemoglobin alpha- and beta-chains of raccoon have been determined by a combination of manual and automatic sequencing procedures. the raccoon beta-chain shows 16 amino acid differences from that of dog. the alpha chain shows 10 differences. these values are identical with those predicted by analogy from their tryptic peptide compositions.	1978	701090
astrocytoma in a raccoon.		1978	738936
bone marrow and hematologic values of wild raccoons.	blood and bone marrow samples were obtained from wild raccoons in the state of connecticut to determine leukocyte and erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and peripheral blood and bone marrow differential counts. calculations were made to determine mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration.	1978	739581
frequency of sarcocystis spp in detroit, metropolitan area, michigan.	a survey of sarcocystis spp in feral animals and in domesticated animals slaughtered in detroit, mi, was undertaken during a 6-month period, april to september, 1973, using histologic and digestion diagnostic techniques. results indicated 75.3% of 789 sheep and 10.8% of 306 lambs were infected. infection in young and adult sheep was low in april (0% of 78 lambs and 6.7% of 62 adult sheep), but increased in july (24% of 90 lambs and 94.1% of 201 adult sheep). high frequency of sarcocystis in summ ...	1975	803806
further characterization of raccoonpox virus.	a poxvirus isolated from the respiratory tract of raccoons in a forest and swamp area near aberdeen, maryland, was characterized by biological, serological, and biophysical methods. the virus was shown to be related to the vaccinia-variola subgroup by serological and biophysical methods, but measurably different from the other viruses of this group by biological methods. it causes flaccid paralysis in 1-day-old suckling mice and does not grow well on cam after two or three passages.	1975	813616
oral infection of mammals with sarcocystis fusiformis bradyzoites from cattle and sporocysts from dogs and coyotes.	individual sporocysts containing 4 sporozoites were shed in the feces of dogs, foxes, and raccoons after ingestion of bovine tissue infected with sarcocystis fusiformis bradyzoites. no sporocysts were shed by cats, monkeys, swine, skunks, ferrets, rats, guinea pigs, or rabbits after ingestion of similar bovine tissue. the shedding of sporocysts by dogs that had ingested tissue from a bovine experimentally infected with sporocysts from coyotes indicated that both canids were definitive hosts for ...	1976	815528
experimental dirofilariasis in macaques. iii. susceptibility and host responses to dirofilaria tenuis of raccoons.	in this third of a series of studies on experimental dirofilariasis in primate hosts, 3 macaca cynomolgus, 6 m. speciosa, and 2 m. mulatta were inoculated with infective larvae of dirofilaria tenuis, a parasite of the raccoon, and were killed at periods ranging from 2 weeks to 13 months of infection. one m. mulatta and one m. speciosa were treated daily with prednisolone beginning 2 months after inoculation; worms were recovered from these and 5 other monkeys (7 of 11). microfilaremia was detect ...	1976	816216
coding of mechanical stimulus velocity and indentation depth by squirrel monkey and raccoon glabrous skin mechanoreceptors.	1. a sample of 113 large, myelinated first-order afferent fibers innervating the glabrous skin of the squirrel monkey's hand proved to consist primarily of two basic types. in a sample where the only known source of sampling bias is a greater likelihood to record from larger diameter fibers, 40% of the fibers were rapidly adapting (ra) and 60% were very slowly adapting (vsa). two units were moderately slowly adapting (msa), and one had the properties of a pacinian afferent (pc). 2. the ra and vs ...	1976	823305
a review of sarcocystis of domestic animals and of other coccidia of cats and dogs.	the nomenclature, life cycles, and pathogenicity of sarcocystis of domestic animals are reviewed. sarcocystis had a 2-host life cycle, with carnivores as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. the following species are found in domestic animals (with the definitive hosts given in parentheses): 3 species in the ox: s cruzi (dog, wolf, coyote, raccoon, fox), s hirsuta (cat), s hominis (man, monkey); 2 species in the sheep: s ovicanis (dog), s tenella (cat); 3 species in the pig: s ...	1976	824260
heavy metal concentrations in kidneys of estuarine raccoons from florida.	concentrations of lead, zinc and cadmium in the kidneys of 14 adult raccoons from an estuarine environment were determined. the mean concentrations in ppm wet weight and standard deviation for the metals were lead--0.47 +/- 0.22, zinc--75.88 +/- 16.54 and cadmium--2.48 +/- 1.66.	1977	839617
behavior and mortality of free-ranging raccoons, snowshoe hares, and striped skunks after exposure to 300 r gamma radiation.		1977	847099
on the tryptic peptides from hemoglobin chains of six carnivores.	the amino acid compositions of the tryptic peptides of the following carnivore hemoglobin chains have been determined: gray fox (urocyon cineroargenteus); raccoon (procyon lotor); polar bear (thalarctos maritimus); coati mundi (nasua nasua) beta chain; coati mundi (nasua narica) two beta chains; cat (felis catus) alpha chain; and lion (pantbera leo) beta chain. these provide a basis for future sequencing of these hemoglobins and construction of an evolutionary tree. the specific results are summ ...	1977	864727
[morpho-physiologic criteria for the taxonomic independence of the species trichinella pseudospiralis garkavi, 1972].	a taxonomic status of a new species of trichinella from procyon lotor l. described by v. l. garkavi in 1972 as t. pseudospiralis is discussed. two-month invasional larvae resemble in their size and structure 19-20-day larvae of typical t. spiralis. however, the ratio between their organs points not only to the delay in development but also to significant structural morphological differences. luminiscent microscopic analysis of muscular and intestinal forms of both species confirms this. impossib ...	1977	865876
response of raccoon si neurons to temporally distributed tactile stimuli applied to the forepaw.		1977	912407
cerebral nematodiasis in captive nutria.	of 35 nutria (myocaster coypus) at a city zoo, 20 died or were killed because of a progressive central nervous system disease. on the basis of histopathologic findings, a diagnosis of cerebral nematodiasis complicated by nosematosis was made. the only significant management change prior to illness was the feeding of poplar tree branches from a lowland area inhabited by skunks and raccoons. neurologic disturbances gradually ceased within 2 months after control measures were initiated and the prac ...	1977	924860
agglutinins to coxiella burnetii and brucella spp, with particular reference to brucella canis, in wild animals of southern texas.	the prevalence of agglutinins to coxiella burnetii and brucella spp, particularly brucella canis, was determined in 269 wild animals (14 species) in southern texas. serologic evidence of coxiellosis and brucellosis, including b canis infection, was shown for coyotes, raccoons, opossums, badgers, jackrabbits, and feral hogs. using the microagglutination test, the seroprevalence of c burnetii, phases i and ii (titer greater than or equal to 4) was 4.1 and 27.9%, respectively. for brucella agglutin ...	1977	924870
preliminary studies on the characterization and distribution of staphylococcus and micrococcus species on animal skin.	a total of 221 strains of staphylococci and 98 strains of micrococci isolated from the skins of eastern gray squirrels, southern flying squirrels, raccoons, opossums, squirrel monkeys, swine, sheep, horses, cattle, and dogs were characterized in a preliminary attempt to resolve their natural relationships and distribution in nature. staphylococci demonstrating the widest host range included staphylococcus xylosus and unnamed staphylococcus sp. 3. unnamed staphylococcus sp. 2 was isolated only fr ...	1976	942208
visceral lesions in racoons naturally infected with heterobilharzia americana.	three free-ranging raccoons caught in southeastern florida were found to be infected by heterobilharzia americana. the livers were firm with rough surfaces and stellate patterns of periportal fibrosis. the portal tracts had excessive mature fibrous connective tissue and occasional ovum and necrotic fluke granulomas. there were also ovum granulomas with concomitant lesions in small and large intestine, pancreas, and lung. numerous other parasites were seen.	1976	969165
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild and domestic animals in northern california.	wild and domestic animals from 3 geographic-climatologic areas in northern california were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii. a total of 2,796 serum samples representing 37 species of wild mammals, 35 species of wild birds, and 5 species of domestic animals were tested by the indirect hemagglutination test. of 1,174 wild mammal serums tested, 10.8% were positive, which compared with 14.7% of the 1,221 domestic mammal serums. of 229 wild carnivores tested, 45% were seropositive, inc ...	1976	977457
dermatophilosis among wild raccoons in new york state.	dermatophilus congolensis was established as the cause of dermatitis in 8 raccoons, as determined from examination of carcasses and untreated hides. encrusted lesions were restricted to or more pronounced in the areas around the eyes, along the snout, and on the skin in the tarsal and carpal regions. the causative agent was demonstrated through direct examination of stained paraffin sections, isolation in pure culture, or examination of stained smears from lesions induced experimentally in rabbi ...	1976	977468
crab-eating raccoon, procyon cancrivorus nigripes (mivart 1885) (carnivora: procyonidae) naturally infected with schistosoma mansoni in minas gerais state, brazil.		1976	978364
arthrostoma miyazakiense (nagayosi 1955) comb. n., a parasite of the raccoon-like dog, nyctereutes procyonoides, with a key to the genus arthrostoma (nematoda: ancylostomatidae).	necator miyazakiensis nagayosi 1955, a hookworm from the raccoon-like dog, nyctereutes procyonoides, in miyazaki prefecture, kyushu, japan, is redescribed and placed in the genus arthrostoma cameron 1927, and compared with the 6 other species of the genus. arthrostoma miyazakiense comb. n. is found in raccoon-like dogs not only in miyazaki prefecture, but also in kyoto and hokkaido prefectures. this is the first record of a species of arthrostoma in japan.	1976	988154
experimental infection of north american mammals with epidemic venezuelan encephalitis virus.	eighty-three wild mammals of ten species were inoculated with a first mouse passage level venezuelan encephalitis (ve) virus isolated from south texas in 1971 during the ve outbreak. rodents were highly susceptible to ve infection and circulated ve virus at levels ranging from 10(7.7) to 10(11.5) suckling mouse intracranial lethal doses per ml for 2 to 4 days. these levels of virus could easily infect vector mosquitoes. mortality was high in all species of rodents except sigmodon hispidus, adult ...	1976	1008132
an account of the longitudinal mucosal corrugations of the human tracheo-bronchial tree, with observations on those of some animals.	a description is given of the distribution of the longitudinal mucosal corrugations in the human tracheo-bronchial tree. it has been shown that they are made up of elastic tissue in a collagen matrix, and that the elastic fibres continue into the smallest bronchioles beyond where the corrugations are no longer visible. an examination has also been made of the tracheo-bronchial trees of the hen, rat, raccoon, pig, sheep, llama and tiger. corrugations are present in all these animals, except the h ...	1976	1010796
pyometra in a raccoon.		1975	1040432
paragonimus kellicotti infection in wild carnivores in southwestern ontario: i. prevalence and gross pathologic features.	paragonimus kellicotti ward, 1908 was recovered from 16 of 105 mink (mustela vison), 14 of 244 striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), 10 of 446 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 1 of 31 coyotes (canis latrans), 0 of 326 raccoons (procyon lotor) and 0 of 8 weasels (mustela spp.) collected from southwestern ontario. the majority of carnivores harboring p. kellicotti was collected from two counties (huron and bruce) bordering the east shore of lake huron where 6.0% of the animals (excluding raccoons) were in ...	1975	1113433
seasonal variations in total serum protein concentration in an estuarine raccoon population.	total serum protein (tsp) levels were recorded for the adult cohort in a population of southern florida raccoons (procyon lotor marinus) for a period of 1 year. tsp levels were found to fluctuate seasonally, with autumn levels being the highest and spring and summer levels the lowest. values for males tended to be higher than those for females. there may be a correlation between mean tsp levels and mean body weight. in 10 male raccoons recaptured during the study period, the same pattern of fluc ...	1975	1113441
an epizootic of cerebral nematodiasis in rabbits due to ascaris columnarus.	an epizootic of cerebral nematodiasis due to ascaris columnaris occurred in a commercial rabbitry, and 80 diseased rabbits died or were killed. the morbidity was high in groups of recently purchased rabbits and in the offspring of 12 breeder rabbits. the breeder rabbits which had been on the farm for more than a yr survived the outbreaks. wild animals and birds had access to the facilities, but raccoons and skunks were never observed. a columnaris larvae were found on histopathologic examination ...	1975	1121166
pesticide levels in the omental fat of florida raccoons.		1975	1139057
toxoplasma antibodies among bobcats and other carnivores of norther california.	the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii was investigated among five species of wild carnivores in norther ccalifornia. the highest prevalence was among bobcats (lynx rufus), with 15 of 21 tested being serologically positive. other results included serological evidence of toxoplasmosis in two of seven raccoons (procyon lotor), one of three badgers (taxidea taxus) and two of three coyotes (canis latrans). two gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) were serologically negative. oone badger ...	1975	1142562
the use of ketamine hydrochloride as an anesthetic for raccoons.	ketamine hydrochloride was observed to be an effective anesthetic for recently captured raccoons (procyon lotor) when they were injected intramuscularly with 20-29 mg/kg body weight. excellent anesthesia occurred from 5 to 15 min after injection. no respiratory difficulties were encountered. the only undesirable clinical sign was excessive salivation.	1975	1152172
paragonimus kellicotti infection in wild carnivores in southwestern ontario: ii. histopathologic features.	pulmonary lesions associated with naturally acquired paragonimus kellicotti infection were studied in mink (mustela vison), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and a coyote (canis latrans). in ,ink a fibrous capsule was formed around mature flukes in dilated bronchioles or bronchi, and there was mild focal interstitial pneumonitis adjacent to fluke eggs in alveoli and migrating parasites. a thick wall, infiltrated heavily with mononuclear cells and eosinophils, surroun ...	1975	1152176
species differences in mechanosensory projections from the mouth to the ventrobasal thalamus.	to determine whether the largely ipsilateral, inverted representation of mouth parts in the ventrobasal thalamus of sheep was unique to that species or an expansion of a general mammalian pattern, the corresponding thalamic projections were mapped electrophysiologically in a selected series of mammals (oppossums, agoutis, squirrel monkeys, cats, raccoons, and sheep) representing major branches of evolution among therian mammals. in mapping, tungsten microelectrodes were used to record multi-unit ...	1975	1159110
a survey for toxoplasma gondii antibodies in deer and other wildlife on a sheep range.	blood samples were obtained from native mammals and birds on a sheep range (hopland field station) in northern california. serums were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the indirect hemagglutination test. of 382 deer that were tested from 1964 to 1973, 77 (20%) were seropositive for t gondii. among 36 serums representing 6 species of wild carnivores (badgers, bobcats, coyotes, foxes, raccoons, and skunks), 18 (50%) were seropositive. all of the 5 bobcats tested were seropositive, wit ...	1975	1176348
leptospirosis in selected wild mammals of the florida panhandle and southwestern georgia.	a group of 144 wild mammals, including white-tailed deer, cottontail rabbits, fox squirrels, gray squirrels, raccoons, opossums, a bobcat, and various small rodents was examined for cultural or serologic evidence of leptospiral infection. leptospires were isolated from 1 of 25 rabbits, 1 of 27 fox squirrels, 1 of 26 gray squirrels, 4 of 18 mice and rats, 8 of 21 raccoons, 7 of 17 opossums, and a bobcat. isolations were not made from 6 deer examined. serotypes isolated were leptospira interrogans ...	1975	1176352
capillaria procyonis sp. n. (nematoda: trichuridae) from the esophagus of the raccoon, procyon lotor.	a new species of nematode, capillaria procyonis, is described from the esophageal epithelium of the raccoon in southern louisiana. this species is distinguished from other similar mammalian capillarids found in this location by the terminal location of the anus and more posterior postion of the vulva in the female. in the male there is a much longer cirrus and spicule and a unique bursalike expansion of the posterior extremity. the systematics and biological implications of the new species are d ...	1975	1185421
trivittatus virus infections in wild mammals and sentinel rabbits in central iowa.	a serological survey was conducted in iowa to determine the prevalence rate of california group virus antibodies in sera of several vertebrate species. serum specimens were assayed for infectivity-neutralizing antibody in a microneutralization system with baby hamster kidney cell culture. of 77 sera assayed, 21 (27%) neutralized trivittatus (tvt) virus infectivity. the antibody prevalence rate was highest for eastern cottontail rabbits inasmuch as 46% (10/22) of the serum specimens form this spe ...	1975	1200251
edwardsiella tarda infections in florida racoons, procyon lotor.	edwardsiella tarda was isolated from the large intestine of seven (17%) of 42 racoons from florida. the rate varied from 12% in south florida to 25% in north florida. in addition, 52% of the racoons examined were carrying salmonella, with numerous serotypes represented.	1975	1200720
variation in form of the pyramidal tract and its relationship to digital dexterity.	a morphometric analysis of the pyramidal tract's relation to digital dexterity was performed on data from 69 mammals. the results show that the variation in digital dexterity among mammals corresponds most closely to the variation in place of termination of pyramidal tract fibers within the spinal cord, corresponds less closely to the variation in the size of the tract itself and its constituent fibers, and does not correspond reliably with any other feature yet reported. since the termination o ...	2005	1212616
the basal forebrain cholinergic system in the raccoon.	the distribution of neurons displaying choline acetyltransferase (chat) immunoreactivity was examined in the raccoon basal forebrain using a rabbit antiserum and a monoclonal antibody. alternating sections were used for nissl staining. chat-positive neurons were arranged in a continuous mass extending from the medial septum to the caudal pole of the pallidum. based upon spatial relations to fibre tracts, the clustering of neuronal groups, and cytological criteria, the basal forebrain magnocellul ...	1992	1282324
concomitant cryptosporidia, coronavirus and parvovirus infection in a raccoon (procyon lotor).	a juvenile raccoon (procyon lotor) was found moribund near fort collins, colorado (usa). upon examination, the raccoon was dehydrated, had a mucopurulent oculonasal discharge and diarrhea, and was euthanized. postmortem examination revealed emaciation, severe fibrinous gastroenteritis and a small, firm liver. histopathological findings included blunting of villi, infiltration of lamina propria with neutrophils and plasma cells, and mild bronchopneumonia. cryptosporidium sp. was demonstrated on i ...	1992	1312645
morphologic and immunoperoxidase study of neurologic lesions in naturally acquired rabies of raccoons.	histopathologic (hematoxylin and eosin [he]) and immunoperoxidase (streptavidin-biotin complex) methods were used for examination of formalin-fixed tissues of rabid raccoons from an enzootic area of pennsylvania. extensive morphologic lesions of rabies encephalitis were present in the cerebrum and the brain stem regions. negri bodies were detected by both methods and were present in the brain (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, brain stem, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord) and in the ganglia of t ...	1992	1333813
the cuneate nucleus in the rat does have an anatomically distinct middle region.	recently obtained anatomical evidence supports the division of the rat cuneate nucleus (cn) into three rostrocaudal regions, with the middle region receiving a disproportionately greater share of the primary sensory input. the cn in the rat conforms to the basic rostrocaudal cn pattern described in other mammals, including cat, monkey and raccoon.	1992	1383882
cone photopigments in nocturnal and diurnal procyonids.	procyonids are small, new world carnivores distributed among some 6 genera. electroretinogram (erg) flicker photometry was used to measure the spectra of the cone photopigments for members of two nocturnal species, the raccoon (procyon lotor) and the kinkajou (potos flavus), and a diurnal species, the coati (nasua nasua). each of the 3 has a class of cone photopigment with maximum sensitivity in the middle to long wavelengths. the spectral positioning of this cone is different for the three. whe ...	1992	1447724
experimental oral administration of canine adenovirus (type 2) to raccoons (procyon lotor).	canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2) has been proposed for recombinant vaccines to control rabies in wild animals. to evaluate the suitability of cav2 as a safe vector for the genetically engineered vaccines, seven wild-caught raccoons (three males and four females) were administered cav2 per os. two of the animals were euthanatized on each of post-infection days 3, 6, and 14, and one was euthanatized on day 21. two other control raccoons (a male and a female) were also euthanatized on day 21. micros ...	1992	1448897
trap-vaccinate-release and oral vaccination for rabies control in urban skunks, raccoons and foxes.	two rabies control tactics, trap-vaccinate-release (t-v-r) and oral vaccination were used for the control of rabies in skunks (mephitis mephitis), raccoons (procyon lotor), and foxes (vulpes vulpes) in metropolitan toronto, canada. using t-v-r, a mean of 45% to 72% (95% confidence limits of 40% to 81%) of the skunks and a mean of 17% to 68% (95% confidence limits of 14% to 76%) of the raccoons in a 60 km2 area of toronto were vaccinated against rabies between 1987 and 1991. the area has been fre ...	1992	1474654
consideration of inactivated rabies vaccines as oral immunogens of wild carnivores.	an experimental beta-propiolactone (bpl)-inactivated rabies virus vaccine was evaluated for the oral immunization of captive raccoons (procyon lotor) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes). none of 10 red foxes administered a single 1.0 ml dose of bpl-inactivated rabies virus vaccine (pm strain; 100 or 500 micrograms protein) per os developed detectable anti-rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies (vna) at any time over 8 wk of observation. foxes were excluded from further study. in two different groups of ...	1992	1474662
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1991.	in 1991, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 6,972 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control. ninety-one percent (6,354 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8.9% (618 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases of rabies increased 42.9% over that of 1990 (4,881 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of the epizootic of rabies in raccoons in the mid-atlantic and northeas ...	1992	1483899
benefits and costs of using an orally absorbed vaccine to control rabies in raccoons.	in november 1989, the epizootic of rabies affecting raccoons in the mid-atlantic states reached new jersey. an economic evaluation was conducted in 2 counties first affected by the epizootic to estimate the costs of the epizootic and to assess the costs and benefits of orally administering a newly developed recombinant rabies vaccine to prevent further spread of the disease. data on expenditures associated with prevention of rabies in human beings and domestic animals and laboratory testing of s ...	1992	1483905
epizootic of rabies in raccoons in maryland from 1981 to 1987.	the epizootic of rabies in raccoons entered maryland in 1981 and systematically moved through the state affecting raccoons in all counties except those of the lower eastern shore. a precoded surveillance form was provided to all county and city health departments and data were requested for each animal head submitted for testing for the year 1985. the disease persisted and, in 1987, all counties previously reporting rabies in raccoons also had documented cases in other species. the incidence of ...	1992	1483906
neuronal response properties within subregions of raccoon somatosensory cortex 1 week after digit amputation.	multiple penetrations in the somatosensory cortex of three anesthetized raccoons 1 week following amputation of the fourth digit provided detailed information about somatotopy and neuronal responsiveness in the deafferented cortex. recordings in a total of 601 penetrations (292 in deafferented cortex and 309 in the surrounding cortex) were compared with those from intact control animals described previously (rasmusson et al., 1991). the level of spontaneous activity increased within the deaffere ...	1992	1492528
the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis on iowa swine farms with an emphasis on the roles of free-living mammals.	multiparous sows from 19 central iowa swine farms were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii by the modified direct agglutination test. antibody titers of 1:32 or greater were considered positive. rodents, domestic cats, opossums (didelphis virginiana), raccoons (procyon lotor) and striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) were live-trapped on each farm and similarly tested for antibodies. the overall prevalence of t. gondii antibodies in the species tested was 39/273 (14.3%) swine, 31/74 (41 ...	1992	1496780
raccoon heartworm causing a facial mass.	a dirofilaria tenuis subcutaneous nodule was found in the supraorbital area of a 77-year-old woman living in miami beach. removal of this nodule revealed the worm and confirmed the diagnosis. infection with dirofilaria tenuis is most common in southern florida because of the high incidence of these worms in their natural hosts--raccoons and opossums.	1992	1502628
epidemiology of raccoon rabies in virginia, 1984 to 1989.	geographical and temporal trends in reports of rabid raccoons (procyon lotor) in virginia were summarized for 1984 to 1989; 3,256 raccoons were submitted for rabies testing, of which 1,053 (32.3%) had rabies. both the absolute number of rabid raccoons and the percent of rabid raccoons (number rabid divided by number submitted) were examined for seasonal and yearly trends. geographically, the epidemic moved eastward and southward in the state. the seasonal trend showed bimodal peaks in late winte ...	1992	1512868
demonstration of rabies virus-specific antibody in the sera of free-ranging iowa raccoons (procyon lotor).	between 1984 and 1988, a study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies in raccoons (procyon lotor) in two counties in iowa. nine hundred eighty five raccoons were trapped and tagged in guthrie and cerro gordo counties during the spring, summer and fall of each year. sex, age and weight were recorded for each animal and a blood sample was collected. serum samples were tested for the presence of serum neutralizing antibodies (sna) by the rapid fluorescent fo ...	1992	1512869
extension of the raccoon rabies epizootic--united states, 1992.	raccoon rabies, epizootic among raccoons in the southeastern and mid-atlantic states, has become an increasingly important problem in the northeastern united states. the extension of the epizootic was largely responsible for the 43% increase in the total number of reported cases of animal rabies in the united states from 1990 (4881) to 1991 (6975). in 1991, 3079 cases of rabies in raccoons were reported, the largest number reported in the history of animal surveillance in the united states. this ...	1992	1513301
from the centers for disease control. extension of the raccoon rabies epizootic--1992.		1992	1527865
further analyses of the orthopoxviruses volepox virus and raccoon poxvirus.	volepox virus (vpx) from skin lesions on a vole and a piñon mouse caught in california and raccoon poxvirus (rcn) from raccoons trapped in maryland were examined to begin elucidating their relationship to other orthopoxviruses, most of which are not known to be indigenous to the americas. vpx and rcn produced pinpoint, nonhemorrhagic pocks on chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes. in cell cultures both viruses produced 1-mm diameter, irregular plaques, a-type inclusions (atis), and despite prod ...	1992	1529541
sequences of the raccoon poxvirus hemagglutinin protein.	primers based on sequences flanking the vaccinia virus (vv) strain ihd hemagglutinin protein (ha) open reading frame (orf) enabled amplification of ha dna segments from the genome of raccoon poxvirus (rcn) and vv strain wr. the amplified segments produced unequal cross-hybridization signal intensities against each other, indicating sequence differences between the ha of rcn (in hindiii-g) and that of vv-wr (in hindiii-a). about 1.5 kb of sequences in the ha region were then determined from clone ...	1992	1529542
experimental inoculation of raccoons (procyon lotor) with rabies virus of skunk origin.	to determine raccoon (procyon lotor) susceptibility and serum neutralizing antibody response to a skunk salivary gland rabies virus, raccoons were inoculated with a rabies virus isolated from a naturally-infected striped skunk (mephitis mephitis). raccoons were divided into four groups of three animals each. a dilution of the rabies virus suspension, 10(2.4), 10(3.4), or 10(4.8), mouse intracerebral lethal dose50 (micld50), was administered into the masseter muscles of each animal. three negativ ...	1992	1548802
prerequisites for oral immunization of free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) with a recombinant rabies virus vaccine: study site ecology and bait system development.	a model baiting system suitable for the delivery of an oral rabies vaccine to free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) was developed and tested on barrier islands in south carolina (usa). features of barrier island physiography and ecology were studied relative to selective bait deployment and site biosecurity. capture-mark-recapture data were obtained from 228 raccoons. raccoon density estimates, using a modified census assessment technique, were one raccoon per 1.8 to 2.7 ha. mean (+/- se) and ra ...	1992	1548804
[hunting with traps with regard to animal welfare, species protection and safety].	the present paper critically examines the subject of huntsmanlike hunting with traps as it is practiced in the federal republic of germany. in this context, consideration is given to the aspects of protection of animals, protection of species and safety for people and domestic animals. hunting with traps is regarded a necessary element within the legal duties of game preservation. basically, the focus is placed on efficient hunting of predatory animals that are mainly active at night such as fox ...	1992	1555511
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in raccoons.	serum samples from 427 raccoons (93 from pennsylvania, 45 from new jersey, 72 from south carolina, 68 from virginia, 30 from iowa, and 119 from ohio) were evaluated for toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dilutions of 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500. the distribution of t gondii antibody titers was less than 1:25 for 212 raccoons (49.6%), 1:25 for 34 raccoons (7.9%), 1:50 for 117 raccoons (27.4%), and greater than or equal to 1:500 for 64 raccoons (14.9%). tissue cysts were seen in the liver, and tachyzoites ...	1992	1559896
concurrent protozoal encephalitis and canine distemper virus infection in a raccoon (procyon lotor).		1992	1566543
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1990.	in 1990, the united states and its territories reported 4,881 cases of rabies in animals to the centers for disease control, a 1.5% increase from 1989. of these, 553 were domestic animals, 4,327 were wild animals, and one was a human being. pennsylvania reported the highest number (611) of rabies cases in animals in 1990. for the first time since surveillance of rabies in wild animals was begun in the 1950s, the number of cases of rabies in raccoons exceeded that in skunks. particularly large in ...	1992	1577642
trypanosoma cruzi in wild raccoons and opossums in north carolina.	trypanosoma cruzi was isolated from 1 of 12 (8.3%) opossums and 3 of 20 (15%) raccoons from the piedmont area of north carolina. although t. cruzi has been isolated previously from wild mammals in the southern united states, the present study is the first published report of naturally occurring t. cruzi infection of wild mammals in north carolina. all 4 isolates were maintained successfully in axenic culture and in murine fibroblasts. in addition, intraperitoneal injection of 1 x 10(6) culture f ...	1992	1597808
an epidemic of sylvatic rabies in finland--descriptive epidemiology and results of oral vaccination.	when rabies reappeared in finland in april 1988, the country had been rabies free since 1959. soon a picture of sylvatic rabies become evident, its main vector and victim being the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides). between 8 april 1988 and 16 february 1989, 66 virologically verified cases were recorded (48 raccoon dogs, 12 red foxes, 2 badgers, 2 cats, 1 dog and 1 dairy bull) in an area estimated at 1700 km2 in south-eastern finland. the greatest distance between recorded cases was 67 km. ...	1992	1598857
somatosensory receptive field properties of corpus callosum fibres in the raccoon.	anatomical studies in a number of species have shown that most areas of the somatosensory cortex are callosally interconnected. this is also true for the raccoon, at least for those parts representing proximal and axial body regions. electrophysiologically, studies carried out in cats and monkeys have demonstrated that all sensory sub-modalities cross in the callosum. moreover, cells representing the paws and fingers, though occupying a large portion of areas si and sii, seem to send proportiona ...	1992	1613134
retrospective study of testicular degeneration in raccoons with canine distemper infection.	a 6-year (1985-1990) retrospective survey of raccoons with canine distemper infection and an outbreak of the disease in 1988 on south island, south carolina, are described. during this epizootic, 3 male raccoons with the clinical disease had gross testicular lesions that, on histopathologic examination, revealed severe diffuse degeneration and mineralization of seminiferous tubules. the testicular pathology of canine distemper in raccoons has not been previously reported.	2006	1616980
a five year (1985-1989) retrospective study of equine neurological diseases with special reference to rabies.	a retrospective study of horses necropsied between 1985 and 1989 at a diagnostic laboratory of a veterinary school in north america is documented. in this investigation over 20 per cent of the horses had clinical neurological signs. equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (caused by sarcocystis neurona) and cervical stenotic myelopathy (wobbler syndrome) were the most common of these disorders. the veterinary school is located in the midst of a raccoon rabies enzootic area. however, only four cases o ...	1992	1644935
a dipstick elisa for rapid detection of human blood meals in mosquitoes.	a dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, dot-elisa, that allows for identification of human blood meals in mosquitoes in less than 2 h is presented. strips of mylar-backed nitrocellulose paper, the dipstick, may be inoculated with anti-human capture antibody, blocked, dried and stored for at least 3 months before use. the dipstick elisa consistently detected human blood meals at 24 h post-blood meal in frozen anopheles mosquitoes and at 32 h post-blood meal on samples eluted off filter-paper sme ...	1991	1675255
heavy metal and organochlorine compound concentrations in tissues of raccoons from east-central michigan.		1990	1691026
the use of isoelectric focusing to identify rhinoceros keratins.	keratins represent the principal structural proteins of hair. they are also found in horn, nail, claw, hoof, and feather. hair and nail samples from human and canine sources and hair samples from mule deer, white tail deer, cat, moose, elk, antelope, caribou, raccoon, and goat were studied. parrot and goose feathers were also analyzed. keratins are polymorphic, and species differences are known to exist. proteinaceous extracts of deer and antelope antlers and bovine and rhinoceros horn were prep ...	1990	1691773
immunoreactivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase and several neuropeptides in the spinal cord of the raccoon.	the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was used to examine major immunohistochemical features of the spinal cord of adult raccoons. the lateral portions of the ventral horn contained many large multipolar neurons that showed cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity, suggesting the coexistence of cholecystokinin with acetylcholine in a subset of motoneurons. the dorsal horn revealed unique but overlapping patterns of immunoreactivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase, somatostatin, substance p, vasoacti ...	1990	1705158
somatotopic organization of the dorsal column nuclei in the rat: transganglionic labelling with b-hrp and wga-hrp.	to analyze the patterns of cutaneous primary afferent fibers projecting to the dorsal column nuclei in the rat, horseradish peroxidase (hrp)-based tracers were injected intracutaneously into a number of discrete regions of the forelimbs and hindlimbs. three-4 days following the hrp injections, the rats were perfused transcardially; 60 microns transverse sections were cut, and the hrp was reacted using the tetramethyl benzidine method. comparisons were made of projections following injections wit ...	1991	1723341
convergent inputs to single neurons in two different subdivisions of somatosensory forepaw digit cortex of the raccoon.	the aim of this study was to compare the physiological properties of single neurons in the glabrous (g) and heterogeneous (h) subdivisions of primary somatosensory digit 3 cortex of adult raccoons. extracellular recordings were obtained from 50 g neurons whose receptive fields (rfs) were confined to the glabrous skin of a digit, and 41 h neurons whose rfs were located on hairy skin, claws, or mixtures of skin types. both electrical and mechanical stimulation of the digits were used to assess exc ...	1992	1735470