Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| studies on endoparasites of the black bear (ursus americanus) in the southeastern united states. | examination of 53 black bears (ursus americanus) from six states in the southeastern united states revealed at least 17 species of endoparasites, including sarcocystis sp., spirometra mansonoides (spargana), macracanthorhynchus ingens, ancylostoma caninum, arthrocephalus lotoris, baylisascaris transfuga, capillaria aerophila, capillaria putorii, crenosoma sp., cyathospirura sp., dirofilaria immitis, gnathostoma sp., gongylonema pulchrum, microfilariae, molineus barbatus, physaloptera sp. and str ... | 1978 | 418189 |
| helminths recovered from black bears in the peace river region of northwestern alberta. | a total of 91 free-ranging black bears (ursus americanus) from the peace river region of northwestern alberta was examined for helminths. four species, baylisascaris transfuga, taenia krabbei, taenia hydatigena and dirofilaria ursi, were found. none of the bears was heavily infected. results are compared with other similar north american surveys. | 1979 | 459048 |
| effect of winter sleep on pituitary-thyroid axis in american black bear. | during winter sleep the black bear has decreased levels of serum total and free thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) and a prolonged, delayed response of serum thyrotropin (tsh) (bioassay) to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh). four weeks after the end of winter sleep, levels of serum thyroid hormones increase, and tsh response to trh is short and brisk. serum t4 and t3 rise after trh administration both during and after winter sleep; however, the maximum increment in serum t3 is greater du ... | 1979 | 474749 |
| use of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride to immobilize black bears (ursus americanus). | ketamine hydrochloride (kh) and xylazine hydrochloride (xh) used in combination (kh-xh) were effective immobilants for captive and wild black bears (ursus americanus). single intramuscular injections of 1.5-17.1 mg of kh per kg body weight combined in an approximate ratio of 2:1 with 0.9-10.0 mg of xh per kg body weight immobilized bears for 1.5-197 min. dosages most frequently used were 4.5-9 mg kh/kg with 2-4.5 mg xh kg. supplemental administrations maintained tractability for up to 31 h. immo ... | 1979 | 480516 |
| serologic survey for toxoplasma gondii in wild animals in florida. | blood samples were collected for serum separation from 114 species of wild animals (25 species of mammals, 82 species of birds, and 7 species of reptiles) in florida. each of the 3,471 samples was tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii, using the indirect hemagglutination test. the highest prevalences of t gondii antibodies were 19% in armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus), 18% in raccoons (procyon lotor), 13% in black rats (rattus rattus), and 11% in opossums (didelphis marsupialis). antibody p ... | 1979 | 521384 |
| trichinosis in bears of western and northcentral united states. | black bears (ursus americanus) from 10 states were examined for trichinella spiralis during the 1970-1975 period. trichinae were found in 14 (3.1%) of 454 bears examined. infected bears were found from california, seven (13.2%) of 54; idaho, one (2.3%) of 44; and wisconsin, six (3.8%) of 163. trichina counts per gram of tissue obtained by the artificial digestion-baermann method ranged from 1390 to 0.02. six california bears and one from wisconsin contained more than one trichina per gram, a lev ... | 1977 | 560797 |
| seasonal changes in the prevalence of ova of diphyllobothrium ursi and baylisascaris transfuga in the feces of the black bear (ursus americanus). | an analysis of 114 samples of feces from black bears (ursus americanus) from la verendrye park, quebec revealed that the prevalence of eggs of diphyllobothrium ursi and baylisascaris transfuga varied seasonally. d. ursi ova were most prevalent during the summer and fall and at their lowest in spring while the converse was true for b. transfuga. this phenomenon possibly is associated with the cessation of feeding during the winter denning of black bears. | 1978 | 567699 |
| ecto- and endoparasites of the black bear in northern wisconsin. | parasites collected from free-ranging black bears, ursus americanus, in northern wisconsin included dermacentor variabilis, d. albipictus, ixodes scapularis, demodex sp., trichodectes pinguis euarctidos, baylisascaris transfuga and dirofilaria ursi. mange, possibly caused by the demodex sp., also was observed. dental caries were common and periodontal disease was observed in one animal. | 1978 | 633522 |
| pityrosporum pachydermatis in a black bear (ursus americanus). | pityrosporum pachydermatis was repeatedly isolated from portions of alopecic tissue from the throax and ears of a black bear cub (ursus americanus). yeastlike cells morphologically identical with those of p. pachydermatis were observed in stained tissue sections. this is the first reported association of this yeast with a member of the family ursidae. | 1978 | 635724 |
| status of trichinosis in bears in the atlantic provinces of canada 1971--1976. | during 1971 to 1976 inclusive, 73 black bears, ursus americanus and one polar bear, thalarctos maritimus, originating in the atlantic provinces of canada were examined for the presence of trichinosis. the polar bear was infected but all of the black bears were negative. | 1978 | 667710 |
| helminth and arthropod parasites of black bear, ursus americanus, in central ontario. | 1978 | 737598 | |
| protein metabolism in the black bear before and during hibernation. | during 3 to 5 months of hibernation, the american black bear does not defecate, urinate, or require food or water. although the bear loses 15 to 25% of its body weight during this period, there is no significant change in its lean body mass. no net accumulation of the usual nitrogenous products of protein catabolism can be demonstrated in the dormant bear, and there is a decrease in urea production during hibernation. because of these findings, it has been hypothesized that the black bear can al ... | 1976 | 825685 |
| annual testosterone rhythm in the black bear (ursus americanus). | 1976 | 963146 | |
| parasites of black bears of the lake superior region. | parasites collected from free-ranging black bears, ursus americanus pallas, 1780, from northeastern minnesota or northern michigan include the dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say, 1821), the winter tick, d. albipictus (packard, 1869), a louse, trichodectes pinguis euarctidoes hopkins, 1954, an ascarid worm, baylisascaris transfuga (rudolphi, 1819), a filarial worm, dirofilaria ursi yamaguti, 1941, taeniid tapeworms, and unidentified fleas. the broad fish tapeworm, diphyllobothrium latum (linna ... | 1975 | 1142551 |
| bear meat trichinosis with a concomitant serologic response to toxoplasma gondii. | a severe case of trichinosis occurred following the ingestion of raw meat from a common black bear, ursus americanus, that was shot in butte county, california. examination of steaks cut from the bear revealed heavy infection with t. spiralis. a good clinical response was obtained following treatment with prednisone (1 mg/kg body weight per day) and thiabendazole (50 mg/kg body weight per day); no toxic effects were observed. in comparison with the pre-treatment biopsy, a more intense inflammato ... | 1975 | 1146849 |
| ursus americanus (black bear) a new host for dirofilaria immitis. | 1975 | 1185438 | |
| fatty acid composition of black bear (ursus americanus) milk during and after the period of winter dormancy. | black bears give birth and lactate during the 2-3-mon fast of winter dormancy. thereafter the female emerges from the den with her cubs and begins to feed. we investigated fatty acid patterns of milk from native pennsylvania black bears during the period of winter dormancy, as well as after den emergence. throughout winter dormancy, milk fatty acid composition remained relatively constant. the principal fatty acids at all times were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 and 20:4n-6. aft ... | 1992 | 1491615 |
| serologic survey for brucellosis in feral swine, wild ruminants, and black bear of california, 1977 to 1989. | a retrospective analysis of brucellosis serologic testing results in eight wildlife species in california from 1977 to 1989 was done. samples were collected from 5,398 live-captured or hunter-killed animals and tested by combinations of up to six serologic tests for antibodies to brucella spp. twenty-three of 611 (3.8%) feral swine (sus scrofa), one of 180 (0.6%) black bear (ursus americanus), one of 355 (0.3%) california mule deer (odocoileus hemionus californicus), and one of 1,613 (0.06%) bla ... | 1992 | 1512866 |
| prevalence of trichinella spiralis in black bears (ursus americanus) from newfoundland and labrador, canada. | tongue and diaphragm samples from 158 black bears (ursus americanus) from newfoundland and labrador were examined for trichinella spiralis. no larvae were detected in samples from the island of newfoundland but one animal from the labrador samples was infected. the results of this and other studies suggest a lack of involvement of the black bear in a sylvatic cycle of t. spiralis in eastern canada. | 1992 | 1512886 |
| biochemical changes in skeletal muscles of denning bears (ursus americanus). | 1. biopsies of the extensor hallucis longus (ehl) and gastrocnemius (g) muscles of four captive black bears (ursus americanus) were obtained prior to denning (pre), during denning (den) and following the spring arousal (post). 2. glycogen, triglyceride and protein concentrations did not differ significantly between the three groups. likewise, the activity of citrate synthase, a mitochondrial oxidative enzyme, was not significantly different between the three groups. 3. dna concentrations in den ... | 1991 | 1724746 |
| weights and hematology of wild black bears during hibernation. | we compared weights and hematological profiles of adult (greater than 3-yr-old) female black bears (ursus americanus) during hibernation (after 8 january). we handled 28 bears one to four times (total of 47) over 4 yr of varying mast and berry production. mean weight of lactating bears was greater (p less than 0.0001) than that of non-lactating females. white blood cells (p less than 0.05) and mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.005) also differed between lactating and non-lactating bears. hemoglobin ... | 1991 | 1758029 |
| membrane transport of sodium ions in erythrocytes of the american black bear, ursus americanus. | 1. membrane transport of na ions was investigated in red blood cells of bears by methods of measurement of unidirectional isotopic fluxes. 2. like red blood cells of dogs, bear red cells contain a high na concentration and low concentrations of k and atp. 3. as in dog red cells, na efflux from bear cells was not inhibited by ouabain but was activated by the presence of ca in the medium, possibly indicating the presence of a na-ca exchange mechanism. 4. atp depletion of cells was accelerated by c ... | 1990 | 1975544 |
| membrane transport of potassium ions in erythrocytes of the american black bear, ursus americanus. | 1. membrane transport of k ions was investigated in red blood cells of bears by methods of measurement of unidirectional isotopic fluxes. 2. unlike red cells of dogs, red cells of bears exhibited a significant, though small, component of ouabain-sensitive k influx. 3. ouabain-insensitive k influx, as in other carnivore cells, was activated by swelling and inhibited by shrinkage. swelling-induced k influx was dependent upon presence of chloride ions but was not inhibited by furosemide or bumetani ... | 1990 | 1975545 |
| calcium and bone metabolic homeostasis in active and denning black bears (ursus americanus). | decreased mechanical use of the skeleton results in osteoporosis in all species that have been studied, including humans. the unique metabolic adaptations of denning bears, however, suggest that these animals have evolved osteoregulatory mechanisms to protect against osteoporosis. the authors studied calcium and bone metabolism in black bears during three seasons: summer, winter, and spring. the serum calcium concentration did not change despite the fact that the bears remained metabolically act ... | 1990 | 2189632 |
| sarcocystis sp. in mountain goats (oreamnos americanus) in washington: prevalence and search for the definitive host. | during october and november 1986, sarcocystis sp. was detected in 24 of 56 (43%) tongues from hunter-killed mountain goats (oreamnos americanus) in washington (usa). sarcocysts had an unusual sessile polyp-shaped branched wall. mean size of 154 sarcocysts was 71.3 x 37.8 microns (range, 20 to 248 x 10 to 120 microns), and the mean intensity was 2.3 (range, 1 to 28). in an attempt to identify the definitive host, infected tongues were fed to four coyotes (canis latrans), eight domestic dogs, four ... | 1989 | 2509738 |
| rectal temperatures of immobilized, snare-trapped black bears in great dismal swamp. | rectal temperature was determined for 84 black bears (ursus americanus) during 99 handlings in great dismal swamp, virginia and north carolina (usa). all bears had been trapped with cable snares and immobilized with a 2:1 ketamine hydrochloridexylazine hydrochloride mixture. temperatures were significantly greater in males and varied significantly by season. immobilized bears began panting at rectal temperatures greater than 42.0 c. one death occurred at 43.0 c. we recommended cooling measures o ... | 1989 | 2761021 |
| arterial supply and venous drainage of the brain of the black bear (ursus americanus). i. gross anatomical distribution. | a morphological study of the intracranial vessels of the black bear (ursus americanus) was undertaken. the object was to provide basic information related to the vascular pattern in these animals as compared with other carnivores and with the human. vascular casts were prepared from 6 animals. the vasculature of the brain disclosed patterns comparable to other species previously studied. | 1989 | 2782024 |
| arterial supply and venous drainage of the brain of the black bear (ursus americanus). ii. intracranial microvasculature. | a morphological study of the intracranial microvasculature of the black bear (ursus americanus) using vascular casts was undertaken. the object was to provide basic information regarding structural modifications of the microvasculature that might provide insight into the ability to cope with low blood flow states that occur during winter sleep. vascular casts were prepared from 6 animals. the microvasculature of the brain disclosed characteristic features of the small vessels in mammals, includi ... | 2009 | 2782025 |
| characterization of canine adenovirus type 1 isolated from american black bears. | viruses recovered from tissues taken at necropsy from american black bears were examined by use of immunofluorescence with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, virus neutralization with monoclonal antibodies, and restriction endonuclease analyses of the viral genomes. with these techniques, viruses were determined to be canine adenovirus type 1. seronegative dogs that were inoculated with the virus had clinical signs typical of infectious canine hepatitis, suggesting that the virus, which was v ... | 1988 | 2840839 |
| serologic evidence of yersinia pestis infection in small mammals and bears from a temperate rainforest of north coastal california. | from 1983 to 1985, 463 serum samples from 11 species of mammals in redwood national park (rnp) (california, usa) were evaluated for antibodies to yersinia pestis by the passive hemagglutination method. yersinia pestis antibodies occurred in serum samples from 25 (36%) of 69 black bears (ursus americanus), one (50%) of two raccoons (procyon lotor), five (3%) of 170 dusky-footed woodrats (neotoma fuscipes), and one (less than 1%) of 118 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). two hundred seventy-three ... | 1989 | 2915403 |
| error in hematocrit of edta-preserved whole blood from black bears caused by delayed analysis. | hematocrit values for k3edta-preserved whole blood from black bears (ursus americanus) were found to increase during refrigerated storage causing error in delayed laboratory analysis. this error was quantified using a regression type model based on repeated hematocrit testing of 66 blood samples over time. the model proved to fit quite well and provided corrected-to-day-zero hematocrit values for 42 samples from which day-zero values were not available. | 1987 | 3108525 |
| free and conjugated plasma catecholamines, dopa and 3-o-methyldopa in humans and in various animal species. | the aim of the present study was to determine the extent to which plasma catecholamines are conjugated in different animals compared to man and how widespread is the presence of dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylalanine (3-omd) in plasma among the different animal species. free and conjugated norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine were measured in plasma in humans and in several animal species (dog, rat, gunn rat, cat, rabbit, guinea pig, african green monkey, young p ... | 1988 | 3138688 |
| metabolism of the black bear under simulated denning conditions. | oxygen consumption of three black bears (ursus americanus) under simulated denning conditions are reported. the results indicate that metabolic rate in large mammals can be significantly reduced during natural starvation. the paper summarizes data on the lowest and average metabolic rate of black bears during simulated denning. | 1988 | 3239417 |
| borreliosis in free-ranging black bears from wisconsin. | blood, kidney and tick samples were obtained from 18 hunter-killed black bears (ursus americanus) from three sites in northern wisconsin. a borrelia sp., morphologically and antigenically similar to borrelia burgdorferi, was isolated from the blood of two of the animals, and from the kidney of a third. ixodes dammini and dermacentor variabilis were found on the bears. this is the first report of borreliosis in the ursidae, and of the primary vector of lyme disease, i. dammini, from this host. | 1988 | 3373646 |
| microvasculature of the bear heart demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. | morphological features of the coronary microvasculature were examined in ten black bears (ursus americanus). tissue samples were collected for scanning electron microscopy from five animals, and vascular casts of the coronary vessels were prepared from five. each portion of the microvasculature examined had specific morphological characteristics which may contribute to the control of blood flow. all indications from the present study suggest that the structure of the coronary microvasculature in ... | 1988 | 3376736 |
| annual changes in serum sex steroids in male and female black (ursus americanus) and polar (ursus maritimus) bears. | the adaptation of black and polar bears to their environments is proportional to the severity of climate and food restriction. both black and polar bears mate during the spring, despite differences in their recent metabolic state. reproductive activity in black bears follows 4 mo of torpor, whereas reproduction in polar bears occurs prior to torpor. the goals of this study were to measure the annual changes in serum sex steroids in male and female black and polar bears, and to determine if chang ... | 1988 | 3408772 |
| blood chemistry of black bears from pennsylvania during winter dormancy. | twenty-four serum chemistries were measured in blood samples collected from 20 adult female black bears (ursus americanus) and their offspring, including 14 yearlings and 37 cubs, in northeastern pennsylvania during winter 1984. four other captive adult females were bled before, during, and after they were subjected to unseasonably warm temperatures during february. levels of serum urea nitrogen (sun) and creatinine were lower (p less than 0.05), and iron was higher (p less than 0.05) in male cu ... | 1988 | 3411708 |
| renal microvasculature of the black bear (ursus americanus). | this study of the black bear (ursus americanus) was undertaken to provide basic information related to structural modifications in the renal microvasculature that might provide insight into the drastic alteration in renal urinary output that occurs during winter sleep. vascular casts, as well as light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, were used to study the vascular components of the juxtaglomerular complex and related vessels. histologically, arterial cushions were readily identified ... | 1988 | 3414357 |
| a study of predominant aerobic microflora of black bears (ursus americanus) and grizzly bears (ursus arctos) in northwestern alberta. | swab specimens were obtained from nasal, rectal, and preputial or vaginal areas of 37 grizzly and 17 black bears, captured during may to june of 1981 to 1983, to determine the types and frequency of predominant aerobic microflora. bacterial genera most frequently isolated from bears were escherichia, citrobacter, hafnia, proteus, staphylococcus, and streptococcus species, comprising about 65% of the isolates. erwinia, xanthomonas, agrobacterium, rhizobium, and gluconobacter/acetobacter were also ... | 1987 | 3447691 |
| clinical mange of the black bear (ursus americanus) caused by sarcoptes scabiei (acarina, sarcoptidae). | 1987 | 3820420 | |
| gongylonema pulchrum molin (nematoda: gongylonematidae) in black bears (ursus americanus pallas) from pennsylvania. | 1986 | 3951047 | |
| trichinella spiralis in the black bear (ursus americanus) of pennsylvania: distribution, prevalence and intensity of infection. | samples of tongue or diaphragm from 2,056 black bears harvested in pennsylvania during the 1981-1983 hunting seasons were examined for larvae of trichinella spiralis by peptic digestion. sixteen males and 21 females were infected. the overall prevalence of infection was 1.8%. infected animals were distributed widely throughout the range of the bear in pennsylvania. in samples from infected bears, the geometric mean density of muscle larvae was 7.8 per g of tissue (lpg). there were neither sex- n ... | 1986 | 3951059 |
| studies of bile lipids and bile acids of wild north american black bears in nova scotia, showing a high content of ursodeoxycholic acid. | does ursodeoxycholic acid (udc) production protect hibernating species of ursidae against gallstone disease? five wild bears (ursis americana) were studied. older bears had more udc than younger ones, suggesting udc production is an acquired phenomena. bile salt pools were 10 times larger than that of man and were characteristically conjugated with taurine alone. the relative composition of the principal lipids in bear bile fell well within the range of cholesterol solubility. cholesterol gallst ... | 1985 | 3968875 |
| quantitative morphology of the panda brain in comparison with the brains of the raccoon and the bear. | the quantitative development of brain and brain components with respect to body-size is discussed comparatively for the chinese giant panda, the canadian raccoon and the american black bear. the panda ranks highest in encephalization as well as in relative volumes of neocortex, cerebellum and six other parts. the raccoon exhibits the strongest development of olfactory elements. the bear stays below the other species, showing but a single index that is superior to the corresponding index in one o ... | 1985 | 3989277 |
| seasonal variation in blood viscosity of the black bear (ursus americanus). | 1972 | 4404320 | |
| differentiation of salmon poisoning disease and elokomin fluke fever: studies with the black bear (ursus americanus). | 1973 | 4720678 | |
| morphogenesis of the fetal membranes and placenta of the black bear, ursus americanus (pallas). | 1974 | 4844439 | |
| hypersensitivity angiitis in a dormant black bear (ursus americanus). | 1970 | 5465570 | |
| [a new acarina of the family audycoptidae in the black bear ursus americanus (sarcoptiformes)]. | 1970 | 5527696 | |
| eimeria albertensis n.sp. and e. borealis n.sp. (sporozoa: eimeriidae) in black bears ursus americanus from alberta. | 1970 | 5534085 | |
| comparative development of the canine teeth in wild and captive black bears, ursus americanus pallas. | 1967 | 5588104 | |
| analysis of the blood of american black bears. | 1966 | 5968944 | |
| growth rate of newborn black bear cubs (ursus americanus). | 1966 | 6008237 | |
| epizootic of adenovirus infection in american black bears. | 1984 | 6096334 | |
| serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens in alaskan wildlife. | antibodies to brucella spp. were detected in sera of seven of 67 (10%) caribou (rangifer tarandus), one of 39 (3%) moose (alces alces), and six of 122 (5%) grizzly bears (ursus arctos). antibodies to leptospira spp. were found in sera of one of 61 (2%) caribou, one of 37 (3%) moose, six of 122 (5%) grizzly bears, and one of 28 (4%) black bears (ursus americanus). antibodies to contagious ecthyma virus were detected in sera of seven of 17 (41%) dall sheep (ovis dalli) and five of 53 (10%) caribou ... | 1983 | 6139490 |
| serologic survey for selected microbial agents in mammals from alberta, 1976. | blood samples were taken from humans and several species of free-ranging wild mammals from five different geographic areas of alberta, canada. sera were tested for antibody to eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus, western equine encephalitis (wee) virus, st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus, powassan (pow) virus, the snowshoe hare (ssh) strain of the california group (cal) of viruses, northway (nor) virus, klamath (kla) virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, and two bacteria, bru ... | 1981 | 6273600 |
| beta-endorphin levels in blood from selected alaskan mammals. | blood samples were analyzed for beta-endorphin from 43 non-torpid black bear (ursus americanus), 8 torpid black bear, 3 non-torpid brown bear (ursus arctos), 14 moose (alces alces), 6 mountain goats (oreamnus americanus) and 30 steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus). beta-endorphin levels were detected in all species sampled and there were no significant differences in levels among non-torpid black bear, brown bear and sea lions. also, no differences were detected between moose and mountain goat ... | 1981 | 6279890 |
| estimation of ursodeoxycholic acid in human and bear biles using clostridium absonum 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. | ursodeoxycholic acid was estimated in bile samples from humans and wild north american black bears using 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase purified from clostridium absonum by procion red affinity chromatography. the percentage ursodeoxycholic acid was calculated by two methods: (a) 7 beta-hydroxyl groups were quantified using 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3 alpha-hydroxyl groups (total bile acids) were quantified using 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. the percentage ursodeoxych ... | 1983 | 6581749 |
| plasma progesterone concentrations in pregnant and non-pregnant black bears (ursus americanus). | plasma levels of progesterone were determined from serial samples taken from 2 black bears over 3 consecutive fall periods. each animal was pregnant during the 1st and 3rd years. variations in progesterone levels were seen between animals and within each animal between pregnancies. average baseline levels during the mid-to-late preimplantation period were 5.0-12.5 ng/ml and increased 2-3 fold at the approximate time of implantation. values during non-pregnancy were detectable but much lower (0.6 ... | 1983 | 6842455 |
| filarial parasites from the black bear of japan. | parasitological examinations were made on the tissues and the blood of the black bears (selenarctos thibetanus japonicus) of japan. three kinds of filarial parasites were found in the tissues and the blood of the hosts: dirofilaria ursi, tetrapetalonema (tetrapetalonema) akitensis sp. n. and dipetalonema (chenofilaria) japonica sp. n. the male and the microfilaria of d. ursi were described from the type host animal. japanese specimens of d. ursi were compared with the specimens from american bla ... | 1983 | 6870099 |
| protein and fat metabolism in hibernating bears. | hibernation in the bear (ursus americanus) is unique in that it is continuous for 3 to 7 months and occurs at near normal body temperature, yet the bear does not eat, drink, urinate, or defecate. during hibernation there is no loss of lean body mass because amino acids enter protein synthetic pathways at increased rates producing reciprocal decreases in entry into the urea cycle. the urea that is formed is hydrolyzed and the nitrogen released is combined with glycerol to form amino acids, which ... | 1980 | 6998737 |
| serologic survey for certain zoonotic diseases in black bears in california. | black bears (ursus americanus) from 3 geographic areas of california were tested for antibodies against agents of 6 zoonotic diseases: toxoplasmosis (indirect hemagglutination), q fever (microagglutination), trichinosis (latex particle agglutination), botulism (passive hemagglutination), leptospirosis (plate agglutination), and plague (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). of 149 sera tested, 40 (27%) were positive for toxoplasma gondii antibodies and 25 (17%) had antibodies against coxiella burne ... | 1982 | 7174445 |
| fibroma in an american black bear. | 1982 | 7174480 | |
| experimental brucella suis type 4 infections in domestic and wild alaskan carnivores. | beagle dogs were readily infected by 1.3 x 10(8) colony forming units (cfu) of brucella suis type 4 administered either on canned dog food, or intraperitoneally. such infections were afebrile and otherwise asymptomatic and without any obvious gross lesions. inoculation of 10(8) cfu b. suis type 4 intraperitoneally into two gravid wolves (canis lupus) resulted in infections in both animals. about 24 days later they gave birth, apparently at full-term, to two (both alive) and six (two alive and fo ... | 1981 | 7241703 |
| clostridial myonecrosis in a black bear associated with drug administration. | clostridial myonecrosis is described for the first time in a black bear (ursus americanus). this fatal condition appeared within three days following immobilization with parenterally administered promazine hydrochloride and phencyclidine hydrochloride. clostridial myonecrosis may be responsible for other unexplained deaths of animals following recovery from immobilizing drugs. administration of prophylactic antibiotics to immobilized animals might be considered. | 1980 | 7411734 |
| clinical mange of the black bear, ursus americanus, associated with ursicoptes americanus (acari: audycoptidae). | numerous specimens of a mite, ursicoptes americanus fain and johnston, 1970 (acari: audycoptidae), were found in skin scrapings from an aged female black bear, ursus americanus, afflicted with a severe generalized mange. the mite had not been found previously in association with clinical dermatitis. the male, nymph and larva of ursicoptes americanus, heretofore unknown, are described and the generic diagnosis is amplified. discovery of the male aids in resolving the questionable taxonomic status ... | 1980 | 7411740 |
| a serologic survey for selected infectious diseases of black bears in idaho. | two hundred sixty-five black bears (ursus americanus) from northcentral idaho were examined serologically over a five-year period for antibodies against selected infectious disease agents. the number of positive serum samples number of sera tested and percent positive for each infectious agent is: tularemia, 65/340 (19); brucellosis, 18/332 (5); toxoplasmosis, 23/303 (8); leptospirosis, 2/196 (1); trichinosis, 16/122 (13); q-fever, 13/210 (6); st. louis encephalitis, 3/340 (1); western equine en ... | 1980 | 7411749 |
| use of dissociative anesthetics for the immobilization of captive bears: blood gas, hematology and biochemistry values. | nineteen bears, representing five species (helarctos malayanus, ursus americanus, ursus arctos, tremarctos ornatus, melursus ursinus) were immobilized a total of 52 times using either phencyclidine-promazine or tiletamine-zolazepam. blood gas, hematology, and serum biochemistry values were determined during the immobilizations. immobilizations conducted with tiletamine-zolazepam were characterized by rapid induction and recovery times, good muscle relaxation, and relative freedom from convulsion ... | 1980 | 7463600 |
| annual changes in serum concentrations of prolactin in captive male black bears (ursus americanus). | prolactin may be involved in the regulation of reproduction in black bears (ursus americanus) as it is a mediator of photoperiodic changes in a number of species. the objectives of this study were to validate a radioimmunoassay to measure prolactin in bear serum and to describe seasonal changes in serum prolactin concentrations in captive male bears. serum samples were obtained nine times during a year from three captive male black bears that were denning between november and march and active du ... | 1995 | 7473406 |
| senile plaques and other senile changes in the brain of an aged american black bear. | a female american black bear (euarctos ursus americanus) over 20 years old had shown epileptiform neurologic signs starting in march 1992 and was found dead unexpectedly 8 months later. at necropsy, pulmonary and intrabronchial hemorrhage was noted. in the brain, the leptomeninges exhibited slight thickening, and petechiae were evident in the hippocampus. histopathologic examination of the brain revealed several senile changes: numerous senile plaques, amyloid deposition in cerebromeningeal arte ... | 1995 | 7483216 |
| phylogenetic relationships of bears (the ursidae) inferred from mitochondrial dna sequences. | the phylogenetic relationships among some bear species are still open questions. we present here mitochondrial dna sequences of d-loop region, cytochrome b, 12s rrna, trna(pro), and trna(thr) genes from all bear species and the giant panda. a series of evolutionary trees with concordant topology has been derived based on the combined data set of all of the mitochondrial dna sequences, which may have resolved the evolutionary relationships of all bear species: the ancestor of the spectacled bear ... | 1994 | 7697192 |
| measurement and seasonal variations of black bear adipose lipoprotein lipase activity. | the black bear (ursus americanus) provides a unique model for the study of adipose physiology because it exhibits seasonal periods of rapid weight gain and weight loss without marked changes in its metabolic rate. to better understand fat cycling in this model, we obtained plasma and gluteal adipose tissue from five captive adult bears at approximately 20-day intervals from october 1 1992 through march 31 1993. the study included a predenning and denning period for each animal. sampling during t ... | 1995 | 7716203 |
| prevalence of viable toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts and antibodies to t. gondii by various serologic tests in black bears (ursus americanus) from pennsylvania. | during the hunting season of 1993, hearts from 28 black bears (ursus americanus) from pennsylvania were examined for toxoplasma gondii infection. serum samples from heart blood were examined for t. gondii antibodies by the use of the modified agglutination test (mat), the sabin-feldman dye test (dt), the latex agglutination test (lat), and the indirect hemagglutination test (iha). one-hundred grams of myocardium from each bear were bioassayed in mice. approximately 500 g of myocardium from 11 be ... | 1995 | 7876963 |
| seasonal response of the pituitary and testes to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the black bear (ursus americanus). | 1. the reproductive physiology of the black bear has not been studied extensively. our objective was to determine if the sensitivity of the pituitary-testes axis to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) changes with season. 2. a gnrh dose-response study was conducted using three captive male black bears. each bear received the same dose of 30, 95 or 300 micrograms gnrh per total body weight in the fall, winter, spring and summer. blood was sampled at 15-min intervals 1 hr before and 1 hr after g ... | 1993 | 7902794 |
| forensic application of repetitive dna markers to the species identification of animal tissues. | highly repetitive dna markers have been used for determining the species origin of animal tissues in cases of illegal commercialization and poaching of game animals. this approach has been used in cases involving white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), moose (alces alces) and black bear (ursus americanus). digesting the dna with various restriction enzymes, agarose electrophoresis and staining with ethidium bromide revealed unique banding patterns for each species. these patterns have been u ... | 1994 | 8195749 |
| helminths of the black bear, ursus americanus, in new brunswick. | between may 1989 and october 1991, 544 black bears ursus americanus were collected in new brunswick and examined for trichinella spiralis larvae. in addition, 110 of these bears were examined for filarial nematodes, and the entire intestinal tracts of 12 bears were examined for intestinal helminths. four species of helminths were identified from these bears, including trichinella spiralis, dirofilaria ursi, baylisascaris transfuga, and taenia krabbei. this represents the first documentation of t ... | 1994 | 8195953 |
| oocyte recovery and maturation in the american black bear (ursus americanus): a model for endangered ursids. | a study was conducted to determine if meiotic maturation could be induced in ovarian oocytes of the american black bear (ursus americanus), a model for gamete "rescue" techniques for endangered ursids. ovaries obtained from 48 black bears yielded 2,403 oocytes (51.1 +/- 4.9/female), of which 777 (32.3%) were morphologically classified as excellent quality. more total oocytes were recovered from donors that were anestrous compared to luteal/pregnant (p < 0.05) at the time of ovarian excision. del ... | 1994 | 8207381 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infections in pennsylvania black bears, ursus americanus. | serum samples from 665 hunter-killed black bears killed in 1989 to 1992 throughout pennsylvania (usa) were tested for toxoplasma gondii antibodies by the agglutination test in dilutions of 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500. toxoplasma gondii antibodies were found in 535 of 665 (80%) bears. considering the highest dilutions at which antibodies were detected, prevalences were 10% at 1:25, 37% at 1:50 and 33% at 1:500. no significant difference in antibody prevalence was found between males (79%) and females ( ... | 1993 | 8258862 |
| ursodeoxycholic acid in the ursidae: biliary bile acids of bears, pandas, and related carnivores. | the biliary bile acid composition of gallbladder bile obtained from six species of bears (ursidae), the giant panda, the red panda, and 11 related carnivores were determined by reversed phase liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. bile acids were conjugated solely with taurine (in n-acyl linkage) in all species. ursodeoxycholic acid (3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid) was present in all ursidae, averaging 1-39% of biliary bile acids depending on the spe ... | 1993 | 8263415 |
| fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in an american black bear. | 1993 | 8373869 | |
| nutrition and growth of suckling black bears (ursus americanus) during their mothers' winter fast. | in black bears the last 6-8 weeks of gestation and the first 10-12 weeks of lactation occur in winter while the mother is in a dormant state, and reportedly does not eat, drink, urinate or defaecate. measurements were made of the body composition and organ weights of cubs, of the composition of milk, and of milk intake (by dilution of 2h2o), in the first 3 months after birth. additional milk samples were collected until 10 months postpartum. bear cubs were small at birth, only 3.7 g/kg maternal ... | 1993 | 8399119 |
| demodicosis in black bears (ursus americanus) from florida. | demodicosis was diagnosed in five black bears (ursus americanus) from north-central florida. the first bear examined, a 5-yr-old male, had severe alopecia except for the dorsal neck, paws, and ears. the skin was characterized by moderate orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, and mild to moderate follicular hyperkeratosis. superficial dermatitis, follicular pustules, and epidermal pustules were present, but rare. specimens of demodex sp. were seen most commonly within hair follicles devoid of hair and a ... | 1993 | 8445774 |
| investigation, control and epizootiology of anthrax in a geographically isolated, free-roaming bison population in northern canada. | in july 1993 anthrax caused significant mortality in an isolated, free-ranging population of bison (bos bison athabascae) west of great slave lake in the northwest territories. there was no previous record of anthrax in this area. an emergency response was undertaken to reduce the scale of environmental contamination and dissemination of anthrax spores and hence to reduce the likelihood of future outbreaks. one-hundred-and-seventy-two bison, 3 moose (alces alces), and 3 black bear (ursus america ... | 1995 | 8548686 |
| immobilization of black bears (ursus americanus) with orally administered carfentanil citrate. | ten black bears (ursus americanus) were immobilized with orally administered carfentanil citrate. the total carfentanil dose was mixed with 5 to 20 ml honey and given incrementally to captive bears. the bears ranged in weight from 80 (estimated) to 233 kg. total carfentanil doses ranged from 0.7 to 3.0 mg, resulting in dosages of 6.8 to 18.8 micrograms carfentanil/kg. mean (+/- sd) times from estimated 80% mixture consumption to sternal recumbency, and first safe human contact were 7.7 +/- 2.3 m ... | 1995 | 8592362 |
| serologic survey of toxoplasma gondii in grizzly bears (ursus arctos) and black bears (ursus americanus), from alaska, 1988 to 1991. | we tested 644 serum samples from 480 grizzly bears and 40 black bears from alaska (usa), collected between 1988 and 1991, for toxoplasma gondii antibodies, using a commercially available latex agglutination test (lat). a titer > or = 64 was considered positive. serum antibody prevalence for t. gondii in grizzly bears (ursus arctos) was 18% (87 of 480). prevalence ranged from 9% (seven of 77) on kodiak island to 28% (15 of 54) in northern alaska. prevalence was directly correlated to age. no griz ... | 1995 | 8592377 |
| prouterina wescotti n. gen., n. sp. (trematoda: prouterinidae n. fam.) from the brain, lungs, and nasal sinuses of a black bear (ursus americanus) from idaho. | prouterina wescotti gen. n. and sp. n. (trematoda: prouterinidae n. fam.) is described from a free-ranging black bear (ursus americanus) which died in may 1995 in northern idaho (usa). adult digenetic trematodes were detected in brain, lungs, and nasal sinuses, and were likely responsible for the emaciated condition, copious nasal discharge, neurological signs, and death of the bear. mature trematodes recovered from the bear were conical with small spines on the tegument. the anterior end was br ... | 1996 | 8722259 |
| a phylogeny of the bears (ursidae) inferred from complete sequences of three mitochondrial genes. | complete sequences of dna are described for the cytochrome b trna(thr) and trna(pro) genes of mitochondria of four extant species of ursids and compared to sequences of four other species of ursids previously studied by us. phylogenetic analyses indicate that the giant panda and the spectacled bear are the basal taxa of the ursid radiation. the ursines, a group which includes the sun bear, sloth bear, american black bear, asiatic black bear, brown bear, and polar bear, experienced a rapid radiat ... | 1996 | 8744769 |
| dna-confirmed taenia solium cysticercosis in black bears (ursus americanus) from california. | three cases of cysticercosis in black bears (ursus americanus) in three northern california counties between 1990 and 1994 have been identified as due to the tapeworm taenia solium. both morphologic characteristics as well as the presence of t. solium mitochondria cytochrome oxidase i gene sequences, as detected by the polymerase chain reaction, confirmed the diagnosis. the number and geographic separation of the cases suggests that infection of the bears was not due to a single contamination. h ... | 1996 | 8916808 |
| seasonal changes in spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis in the male black bear ursus americanus. | american black bears, ursus americanus, are seasonal breeders with a mating season in late spring to early summer. the objectives of this study were to determine whether there are seasonal changes in spermatogenesis and immunolocalization of testicular steroidogenic enzymes, and to correlate these changes with peripheral steroid concentrations. three captive mature bears were maintained in open cages during the summer season and provided with chambers for denning during the winter. testicular bi ... | 1997 | 9068409 |
| physiological effects of medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine immobilization in black bears. | a combination of medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine (mzt) was used to immobilize four black bears (ursus americanus). the drugs were used at a dose of approximately 52 micrograms/kg of medetomidine, 0.86 mg/kg of zolazepam, and 0.86 mg/kg of tiletamine. induction occurred in 6.3 +/- 3.3 min (mean +/- sd). the combination produced minimal adverse cardiopulmonary effects. hypertension occurred in all four bears. oxygenation and ventilation was good in three of the four bears. one bear demonstrated ... | 1997 | 9249709 |
| identification and differentiation of bear bile used in medicinal products in taiwan. | one hundred eighty-three suspect bear bile used in medicinal products, collected in taiwan as gall bladders or dried powder forms, were analyzed using ftir, hptlc, and hplc techniques to identify whether they are indeed bear bile. those confirmed were further examined to determine whether the observed analytical parameters can be reliably used for source inference, i.e., differentiating products among north american black bear, farmed asiatic black bear, polar bear, etc. our data suggested that ... | 1997 | 9304828 |
| cryptorchidism and delayed testicular descent in florida black bears. | retained testes were found in 11 (16%) of 71 black bears (ursus americanus) examined over a 3-year period in florida (usa). four of the 11 bears were older than one year and weighed more than 32 kg; therefore, they were considered to be cryptorchid. the remaining seven bears may have had delayed testicular descent due to their apparent normal immature development. this is the first known published report of the prevalence of cryptorchidism and apparently normal delayed testicular descent in a bl ... | 1996 | 9359066 |
| phylogeography and pleistocene evolution in the north american black bear. | to determine the extent of phylogeographic structuring in north american black bear (ursus americanus) populations, we examined mitochondrial dna sequences (n = 118) and restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles (n = 258) in individuals from 16 localities. among the bears examined, 19 lineages falling into two highly divergent clades were identified. the clades differ at 5.0% of nucleotide positions, a distance consistent with an origin 1.8 mya, and have different but overlapping geograp ... | 1997 | 9364767 |
| techniques for application of faecal dna methods to field studies of ursids. | we describe methods for the preservation, extraction and amplification of dna from faeces that facilitate field applications of faecal dna technology. mitochondrial, protein encoding and microsatellite nuclear dna extracted and amplified from faeces of malayan sun bears and north american black bears is shown to be identical to that extracted and amplified from the same individual's tissue or blood. a simple drying agent, silica beads, is shown to be a particularly effective preservative, allowi ... | 1997 | 9394465 |
| black bear (ursus americanus) bile composition: seasonal changes. | gallbladder contents from 8 active and 14 dormant black bears were analyzed for individual bile acids by high-performance liquid chromatography and for cholesterol, phospholipids, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, and copper. only three bile acids occurring as taurine conjugates were detected: tauroursodeoxycholate, taurochenodeoxycholate, and taurocholate. the proportion of tauroursodeoxycholate to the sum of the three bile acids decreased. calcium, cholesterol, phospholipids, ... | 1997 | 9467890 |
| thyroid hormone concentrations in black bears (ursus americanus): hibernation and pregnancy effects. | previous studies on thyroid hormones in hibernating bears have used very few sampling periods, so that the time course of any change is poorly understood. in this study, plasma sampled from pregnant and nonpregnant black bears before and during hibernation (16 samples each at 10-day intervals) was assayed by radioimmunoassay for concentrations of thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3). only free t4 showed a difference (p = 0.019) between females that produced cubs and those that did not, but t ... | 1998 | 9473364 |
| geographical distribution of demodex ursi in black bears from florida. | from may 1990 to february 1996, 55 black bears (ursus americanus floridanus) (38 males, 17 females) from 21 counties in florida (usa), were examined for demodex ursi (acari: demodecidae). the sample included cubs < 1-yr-old (n = 12), juveniles (1 to < 3 yr, n = 20), and adults (3 to 12 yr, n = 23). demodex ursi was collected from four bears by deep scrapings of 15 sites on the head and forelimb of each bear. all four bears with demodicosis had crusty, scaly skin lesions, and moderate alopecia. n ... | 1998 | 9476240 |
| muscular sarcocystis infection in a bear (ursus americanus). | sarcocysts of an unidentified sarcocystis species were found in sections of skeletal muscles of a black bear (ursus americanus) from north carolina. two sarcocysts in a section measured 45 x 37.5 microm and 67.5 x 50 microm and had a thin (<2 microm) sarcocyst wall. the villar protrusions on the cyst wall were up to 2 microm long and up to 0.7 microm wide. the bradyzoites were approximately 6 x 2.5 microm in size. this is the first report of muscular sarcocystis in a bear. | 1998 | 9576526 |
| seroprevalence of selected disease agents from free-ranging black bears in florida. | sera obtained from 66 free-ranging florida black bears (ursus americanus floridanus) from three geographic areas of florida (usa) between november 1993 and august 1995 were tested for antibodies to 13 disease agents. antibody prevalences were 3 positive of 37 tested (8%) coxiella burnetti, 37 of 66 (56%) toxoplasma gondii, 3 of 61 (5%) bluetongue virus/epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (btv/ehdv), 4 of 66 (6%) canine adenovirus-type 1, 5 of 66 (8%) canine distemper virus (cdv), 10 of 62 (16%) ... | 1998 | 9706572 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and trichinella spiralis in north carolina black bears (ursus americanus). | serum samples from 143 hunter-killed black bears were collected during the 1996 and 1997 black bear hunting seasons in eastern north carolina. all samples were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test. antibodies to t. gondii were present in 120 of 143 (84%) bears. females had significantly higher titers than males (wilcoxon rank sums test, p = 0.045), and titers increased with age (jonckheere test, p = 0.01). samples collected during 1996 (n = 79) were teste ... | 1998 | 9794654 |