Publications

transmission of salmonid whirling disease by birds fed trout infected with myxosoma cerebralis.	mallard ducks, anas platyrhynchos and a black crested night heron, nycticorax nycticorax were fed trout infected with myxosoma cerebralis (hofer) in 2 separate experiments. feces from the birds were deposited in troughs containing m. cerebralis-free mud as well as in 1 trough without mud. spore suspensions were also added directly to mud in 1 trough and to another without mud. susceptible rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri, developed whirling disease in all troughs containing mud contaminated with m ...	1978	660564
mercury in eggs of aquatic birds, lake st. clair--1973.	eggs from four species of aquatic birds inhabiting waterways of the lake st. clair region were collected in 1973 and analyzed for mercury. species analyzed were mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos), common terns (sterna hirundo), black-crowned night herons (nycticorax nycticorax), and great egrets (casmerodius albus). mallard eggs contained relatively low residue levels, less than 0.05-0.26 ppm, and common tern eggs contained the highest residues, ranging up to 1.31 ppm. mercury levels in the eggs ...	1976	940735
viremia in young herons and ibis infected with venezuelan encephalitis virus.	fifty-seven of 61 nestling, 8- to 30-day-old herons of three species (black-crowned night heron, great egret, and snowy egret), developed viremia lasting one to three days following subcutaneous inoculation with small doses of endemic or epidemic strains of venezuelan encephalitis virus from mexico, guatemala or venezuela. two epidemic strains from guatemala or venezuela stimulated levels of viremia similar to those following infection with enzootic strains. great egrets, striated and boat-bille ...	1976	998614
primary immunoglobulin response of herons to infection with venezuelan encephalitis virus.	seven to nine days after inoculation with a replicating antigen, venezuelan encephalitis virus, hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies were present in plasma of 18 to 20 black-crowned night herons (bcnh), 14 of 15 great egrets (ge) , and 7 of 7 snowy egrets (se). 19s (immunoglobulin m) precedes 7s (immunoglobulin g) antibodies in all but one bird of six ge, six se, and six bcnh. 19s antibodies were detected for only 2 to 4 weeks post-inoculation. the induction period for both types of antibody w ...	1975	1112617
natural infections of clinostomum complanatum (trematoda: clinostomatidae) in wild herons and egrets, tottori prefecture, japan.	nycticorax nycticorax, ardea cinerea, egretta garzetta, and egretta intermedia were naturally infected with clinostomum complanatum (trematoda: clinostomatidae) among fourteen wild herons, seven wild egrets and one wild bittern evaluated at the veterinary hospital of tottori university, tottori, japan. the latter three species of heron and egrets are reported for the first time as definitive hosts of this parasite in japan.	1992	1512884
description and host relationships of polymorphus spindlatus n. sp. (acanthocephala: polymorphidae) from the heron nycticorax nycticorax in peru.	polymorphus spindlatus n. sp. is described from the black-crowned night heron, nycticorax nycticorax, in lake titicaca, peru. it is distinguished from all 27 known species of the subgenus polymorphus by its spindle-shaped proboscis and its trunk shape, the anterior 2/3 of which is ovoid, tapering into a tubular posterior end. it resembles polymorphus brevis (=arhythmorhynchus brevis), which is, however, longer and considerably more slender, and has smaller and more numerous proboscis hooks per r ...	1991	2010853
fluoride accumulation and bone strength in wild black-crowned night-herons.	fluoride was measured in femurs of black-crowned night-herons (nycticorax nycticorax) living adjacent to a phosphate processing complex near pocatello, idaho. fluoride (ash wt.) in femurs ranged from 540 micrograms/g to 11,000 micrograms/g and increased (p = 0.0001) with age, but with no difference (p = 0.80) between sexes. adult males (greater than or equal to 4 years) contained 5,409 micrograms/g compared to 6,042 micrograms/g for adult females. the tibiotarsus (= tibiae in text) increased in ...	1990	2331147
brain cholinesterase activity of nestling great egrets, snowy egrets and black-crowned night-herons.	inhibition of brain cholinesterase (che) activity in birds is often used to diagnose exposure or death from organophosphorus or carbamate pesticides. brain che activity in the young of altricial species increases with age; however, this relationship has only been demonstrated in the european starling (sturnus vulgaris). brain che activity of nestling great egrets (casmerodius albus) collected from a colony in texas (usa) increased significantly with age and did not differ among individuals from ...	1989	2761008
association between pcbs and lower embryonic weight in black-crowned night herons in san francisco bay.	reproductive problems, including congenital malformations, reduced hatching success, and decreased survival of hatchlings, have been observed in colonial-nesting water birds at the san francisco bay national wildlife refuge (sfbnwr). twenty-four black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax) eggs were collected from sfbnwr in 1983. twelve of these were collected from separate nests when late-stage embryos were pipping, and an additional egg was randomly collected from each nest for organochlo ...	1986	3095555
avian species differences in the intestinal absorption of xenobiotics (pcb, dieldrin, hg2+).	intestinal absorption of a polychlorinated biphenyl, dieldrin, and mercury (from hgcl2) was measured in adult northern bobwhites, eastern screech owls, american kestrels, black-crowned night-herons and mallards in vivo by an in situ luminal perfusion technique. bobwhites, screech owls and kestrels absorbed much more of each xenobiotic than black-crowned night-herons and mallards. mallards absorbed less dieldrin and mercury than black-crowned night-herons. mercury absorption by kestrels was more ...	1984	6149102
experimental transmission of capillaria philippinensis to birds.	capillaria philippinensis larvae from fish and adult and larval forms of the parasite from gerbil intestines established parent infections when given a stomach tube to several species of birds from taiwan. adult males, oviparous and larviparous females and larval stages were found in nycticorax nycticorax, bubulcus ibis, ixobrychus sinensis, gallinula chloropus and amaurornis phoenicurus. c. philippinensis also developed in pigeons, rostratula benghalensis, a few anas spp. and chickens. some bir ...	1983	6636279
on leucocytozoon parasites of ardeidae and description of one species.	in peripheral blood of nycticorax nycticorax and egretta garzetta (aves, ardeidae), gametocytes of the genus leucocytozoon (protozoa, sporozoa) were found. we describe this parasite and compare it with the past records of leucocytozoon in ardeidae. while only life cycle studies will give a definitive answer to these taxonomic problems, we put forward an hypothesis about taxonomy of leucocytozoon in ardeidae.	1980	6779697
heavy metal residues in prefledgling black-crowned night-herons from three atlantic coast colonies.		1983	6839043
isolation and characterization of midway virus: a new tick-borne virus related to nyamanini.	midway virus, a new tick-borne virus isolated from two species of ornithodoros (alectorobius) ticks of the capensis group (o capensis, o denmarki), is described from midway, kure, and manana islands in the central pacific (hawaiian archipelago) and from northern honshu (japan). midway virion is enveloped, unusually large, acid and temperature sensitive, and its type of nucleic acid is rna. complement-fixation (cf) tests show a close relation of midway to nyamanini virus, which has been isolated ...	1982	7153772
[life cycle of clinostomum golvani n. sp. (trematoda : clinostomidae) a larval parasite of biomphalaria glabrata, the snail vector of schistosoma mansoni in guadeloupe (author's transl)].	the life cycle of a new species of clinostomidae, clinostomum golvani, described in guadeloupe (french west indies). the first intermediate host is the snail vector of schistosoma mansoni in this island, biomphalaria glabrata, which can be sterilized by this parasite. poecilia reticulata (guppy) serves as the second intermediate host. adult worms were obtained under experimental conditions from butorides virescens (the definitive host in nature), nycticorax nycticorax and ardea purpurea. the adu ...	1980	7224533
[the sinuatrial node of the avian heart (author's transl)].	comparative histologic observations were made of the sinuatrial nodes of avian hearts from a short-tailed shearwater (puffinus tenuirostris), a black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax), two ducks (anas platyrhycha domestica), eight japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica), a pigeon (columba livia domestica), a macaw (ara macao), three budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) and a jungle crow (corvus macrorhynchos). the node lies between the right atrial myocardium and epicardium at th ...	1981	7318931
flow cytometry for monitoring contaminant exposure in black-crowned night-herons.	the flow cytometry methods (fcm) was employed to determine cellular dna content of black-crowned night-heron (nycticorax nycticorax) embryos and 10-day-old chicks collected at sites differing in types of chemical contamination. the coefficient of variation of dna content (cv) in blood collected from embryos suggested cytogenetic damage at a side in louisiana known to be contaminated with petroleum. blood cv from chicks suggested genetic damage at a site in texas also known to be contaminated wit ...	1994	8060161
heavy metal and selenium levels in feathers of young egrets and herons from hong kong and szechuan, china.	several species of herons and egrets frequently nest in colonies in areas where humans also concentrate. since the birds feed on intermediate-sized fish that themselves concentrate pollutants, they can be used not only to assess the levels of contaminants in avian tissues but as indicators of contaminants in the environment. the concentration of heavy metals and selenium in the breast feathers of fledgling black-crowned night herons nycticorax nycticorax and chinese pond herons ardeola bacchus f ...	1993	8215588
carbofuran poisoning in herons: diagnosis using cholinesterase reactivation techniques.	exposure to the carbamate insecticide carbofuran was detected using brain cholinesterase (che) reactivation techniques in heron carcasses collected from a potential pesticide exposure incident. great egrets (nycticorax nycticorax), great blue herons (ardea herodias), and black-crowned night herons (casmerodius albus) were exposed to carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) either by dermal exposure while wading or through ingestion of contaminated food items. carcasse ...	1995	8583636
concentration and bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticide residues in herons and their prey in wetlands of thermaikos gulf, macedonia, greece.	concentrations of the principal organochlorine insecticides were determined in eggs and freshly dead chicks of the squacco heron (ardeola ralloides), little egret (egretta garzetta) and night heron (nycticorax nycticorax), as well as in frogs (rana sp.), the main heron prey. material was collected from the wetlands of the thermaikos gulf (macedonia, northern greece) in 1992 and 1993. residues of the organochlorine pesticides alpha-bhc, beta-bhc, lindane, 4,4'-ddd, 4,4'-dde, heptachlor and dieldr ...	1996	8854937
mercury in feathers of little egret egretta garzetta and night heron nycticorax nycticorax chicks and in theirprey in the axios delta, greece.	mercury concentrations were measured in feathers oflittle egret and night heron chicks and in their prey in the axios delta,greece. significantly higher concentrations occurred in night heron than inlittle egret in 1993. in the night heron the mercury content of feathers wasnegatively correlated to the size of chicks, possibly due to inhibition ofgrowth. mercury concentrations were higher than reported for heron feathersin seriously polluted sites in north america and japan, but the toxic hazard ...	1997	9069199
heavy metal, organochlorine pesticide, and pcb residues in eggs and feathers of herons breeding in northern italy.	we report on organochlorine pesticide and pcb concentrations in eggs of the little egret, egretta garzetta, and the black-crowned night-heron, nycticorax nycticorax, collected in 1993-1994, and on mercury, cadmium, and lead concentrations in feathers of 20-day-old nestlings collected from the same nests in 1994, from heronries near pavia, northern italy. organochlorine pesticide and pcb residues were lower than those commonly associated with mortality and reduced reproductive success. as populat ...	1998	9419277
cattle egrets are less able to cope with light refraction than are other herons.	the majority of heron species (aves, ardeidae) forage on aquatic prey in shallow water. prey detection, aiming and the beginning of the capture strikes are performed while the heron's eyes are above water. for most angles, as a result of air/water light refraction, the apparent image available to a heron is vertically displaced from the prey's real position. herons must therefore correct for refraction. we tested the hypothesis that species that forage in aquatic habitats should be more able to ...	1999	10196060
organochlorine and metal contaminant exposure and effects in hatching black-crowned night herons (nycticorax nycticorax) in delaware bay.	pea patch island in delaware bay is the site of the largest heronry north of florida. from 1989-93, the population of nine species of wading birds numbered approximately 12,000 pairs, but has recently declined to about 7,000 pairs. because delaware bay is a major shipping channel and receives anthropogenic releases of toxic substances from agricultural, industrial, and municipal point and nonpoint sources, contaminant exposure and effects to the heronry have been an ongoing concern. in 1997, pip ...	2000	10790500
chlorinated hydrocarbons and biomarkers of exposure in wading birds and fish of the lower rio grande valley, texas.	during 1997 we evaluated reproductive success in colonial water birds nesting in the lower rio grande valley (lrgv), texas, and correlated success with concentrations of contaminants in eggs. we also measured steroid hormones and gonadosomatic index (gsi) as biomarkers of endocrine effects in common carp (cyprinus carpio). nest and fledging success of green herons (butorides virescens) and great egrets (ardea alba) were similar to those found in other parts of north america; however, nesting suc ...	2001	11116345
persistent organochlorine pollutants in eggs of colonial waterbirds from galveston bay and east texas, usa.	eggs of neotropic cormorants (phalacrocorax brasilianus), black-crowned night herons (nycticorax nycticorax), and great egrets (ardea alba) nesting on several locations in galveston bay (tx, usa) and at two control sites outside the bay were collected during april-may 1996 and analyzed for chlorinated pesticides, pcbs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. additionally, concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (tcdd-eqs) were determined by ...	2001	11349863
organochlorine contaminant exposure and reproductive success of black-crowned night-herons (nycticorax nycticorax) nesting in baltimore harbor, maryland.	the declining size of the baltimore harbor black-crowned night-heron (nycticorax nycticorax) colony has been hypothesized to be linked to polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) exposure. in 1998, a "sample egg" was collected from 65 black-crowned night-heron nests (each containing > or = three eggs) for contaminant analysis, and the remaining eggs in these 65 nests, plus four two-egg nests, were monitored for hatching and fledging success. eggs were also collected from 12 nests at holland island, a refe ...	2001	11385592
head stabilization in herons.	we examined head stabilization in relation to body mass and length of legs in four heron species (little egrets, egretta garzetta; night herons, nycticorax nycticorax; squacco herons, ardeola ralloides; and cattle egrets, bubulcus ibis: aves: ardeidae). head stabilization, under controlled, sinusoidal, perch perturbations was mostly elicited at frequencies lower than 1 hz. maximal perturbation amplitudes sustained were positively correlated with leg length and maximal perturbation frequencies su ...	2001	11548989
cytochrome b sequences in black-crowned night-herons (nycticorax nycticorax) from heronries exposed to genotoxic contaminants.	dna sequence analysis of a 215 base-pair region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was used to examine genetic variation and search for evidence of an increased mutation rate in black-crowned night-herons. we examined five populations exposed to environmental contamination (primarily pahs and pcbs) and one reference population from the eastern u.s. there was no evidence of a high mutation rate even within populations previously shown to exhibit increased variation in dna content among somati ...	2001	11556116
risk to breeding success of ardeids by contaminants in hong kong: evidence from trace metals in feathers.	the feathers of two ardeid species, the little egret (egretta garzetta) and the black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax) were collected from six egretries and two egretries respectively, located in different areas in the new territories of hong kong, including the mai po marshes (within a ramsar site). these feathers were digested and concentrations (microg/g dry weight) of copper (4.6-19.4), iron (8.1-641.3), manganese (0.4-19.4), zinc (51.3-183.5), lead (0.1-5.1), cadmium (0.01-0.15), ...	2002	11898800
nineteenth century mercury: hazard to wading birds and cormorants of the carson river, nevada.	contemporary mercury interest relates to atmospheric deposition, contaminated fish stocks and exposed fish-eating wildlife. the focus is on methylmercury (mehg) even though most contamination is of inorganic (iohg) origin. however, iohg is readily methylated in aquatic systems to become more hazardous to vertebrates. in response to a classic episode of historical (1859-1890) iohg contamination, we studied fish-eating birds nesting along the lower carson river, nevada. adult double-crested cormor ...	2002	12211695
vasculature of the ophthalmic rete in night herons (nycticorax nycticorax): scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts.	vasculature of the ophthalmic rete (rete ophthalmicum) in the night heron (nycticorax nycticorax) was studied using scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and light microscopy on tissue sections. most blood to the eyeball and a lesser volume of blood to the brain passed through the ophthalmic rete via the external ophthalmic artery. the collateral retial arterioles originated from the external ophthalmic artery forming a flat and fusiform-shaped arterial network at the ventrote ...	2002	12236865
assessment of contamination and biomarker responses in two species of herons on the st. lawrence river.	this study was undertaken to validate potential biomarkers of exposure and effects due to chemical contaminants in breeding colonies of the great blue heron and the black-crowned night-heron on the st. lawrence river. eggs and fledglings from both species were collected from many colonies along the river. the fledglings from colonies in freshwater and brackish water were more contaminated by mercury and pcbs than those from estuarine and gulf colonies. with respect to fledglings of the two heron ...	2002	12413303
risk to breeding success of fish-eating ardeids due to persistent organic contaminants in hong kong: evidence from organochlorine compounds in eggs.	eggs of two ardeid species, the little egret (egretta garzetta) and the black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax), were collected from two egretries located in the new territories of hong kong with one located near the internationally acclaimed wetland reserve, the mai po marshes, and the other in a remote site (a chau). the eggs were analysed for organochlorine (oc) compounds including the ddts, pcbs, hexachlorocyclohexanes (hchs) and the chlordanes (chls). all of the ocs under investig ...	2003	12502075
concentrations of metals in feathers and blood of nestling black-crowned night-herons (nycticorax nycticorax) in chesapeake and delaware bays.		2003	12545375
methodological refinements in the determination of 146 polychlorinated biphenyls, including non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted pcbs, and 26 organochlorine pesticides as demonstrated in heron eggs.	a method for the determination of 146 polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), including four non-ortho- and eight mono-ortho-substituted congeners, and 26 chlorinated pesticides is described. the method consists of ultrasonic extraction, florisil cleanup, hplc fractionation over porous graphitic carbon (pgc), and final determination with gc/ecd, gc/ms, or both. two pcb congeners (pcb 30 and pcb 161) and two polybromobiphenyls (2,4',5-tribromobiphenyl and 3,3',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl) were used as surr ...	2003	12641223
lead accumulation in feathers of nestling black-crowned night herons (nycticorax nycticorax) experimentally treated in the field.	although lead can attain high concentrations in feathers, interpretation of the biological significance of this phenomenon is difficult. as part of an effort to develop and validate noninvasive methods to monitor contaminant exposure in free-ranging birds, lead uptake by feathers of nestling black-crowned night herons (nycticorax nycticorax) was evaluated in a controlled exposure study. four- to 6-d-old heron nestlings (one/nest) at chincoteague bay, virginia (usa), received a single intraperito ...	2003	12836976
genetic and morphologic differentiation of bolbophorus confusus and b. levantinus (digenea: diplostomatidae), based on rdna ssu polymorphism and sem.	metacercariae of bolbophorus species are serious pathogens of farmed fish. molecular diagnostic tools, capable of identifying and differentiating these parasites, may assist in the development of rationale control strategies. the rdna 18s (small sub-unit: ssu) genes of adult b. confusus and b. levantinus obtained from a pelican, pelecanus onocrotalus, and a night heron, nycticorax nycticorax, respectively, were amplified, sequenced, and aligned. based on this alignment, we developed a genetic di ...	2003	14960036
trace element residues in eggs of little egret (egretta garzetta) and black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax) from hong kong, china.		2004	14972593
organochlorine contamination in bird's eggs from the danube delta.	in this study we report the levels of organochlorine compounds in eggs of aquatic birds from the danube delta, a major european wetland. the eggs were collected in 1997 and belonged to the following species: the mallard (anas platyrhynchos), the greylag goose (anser anser), the mute swan (cygnus olor), the coot (fulica atra), the glossy ibis (plegadis falcinellus), the spoonbill (platalea leucorodia), the little egret (egretta garzetta), the night heron (nycticorax nycticorax), the grey heron (a ...	2000	15092913
organochlorines in black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax) eggs reflect persistent contamination in northeastern us estuaries.	colonially nesting aquatic birds can indicate site-specific contamination because they are high-level predators and dependent upon local resources during the breeding season. we compared persistent organochlorine concentrations in black-crowned night heron (nvcticorax nvcticorax) eggs collected in 1992-93 among areas of known contamination (new york harbor, boston harbor, cape cod, and delaware bay) and a reference site (nantucket island) in the northeastern united states (7-16 eggs/site). total ...	2004	15106680
[polychlorinated biphenyls residues in eggs of different ages night heron breeding in yuantouzhu, china].	61 eggs of night heron (nycticorax nycticorax) were collected in 2000 in yuantouzhu of tai lake, china. the breeding birds were divided into three groups by age, namely two, three, four years. the residues of 15 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in eggs were studied. 15 congeners were found in all egg samples, and pcb118 at the highest level, pcb87, pcb101 and pcb153 at second levels. total residues of the 4 congeners occupied about 75%-85% of sum 15 congeners residues found in eggs. it was obv ...	2004	15202255
residues of organochlorinated pesticides in eggs of water birds from tai lake in china.	the levels of organochlorine compounds in eggs of water birds from the colony on tai lake in china were studied. the eggs were collected in 2000 and belonged to the following species: 65 samples of black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax), 36 samples of little egret (egretta garzetta), 26 samples of cattle egret (bubulcus ibis) from 13 clutches and 43 samples of chinese pond heron (ardeola bacchus) from 17 clutches. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) and its derivates (dde and ddd), ...	2004	15499782
risk to breeding success of waterbirds by contaminants in hong kong: evidence from trace elements in eggs.	concentrations of 17 trace elements (as, se, rb, sr, ag, sb, cs, tl, pb, v, cr, mn, co, cu, zn, cd, and hg) were determined in eggs of little egrets (egretta garzetta), black-crowned night herons (nycticorax nycticorax) and bridled terns (sterna anaethetus) from northwestern and northeastern coastal areas of hong kong. results indicated significant differences among the three species. eggs of little egrets and black-crowned night herons appeared to be good bioindicators for monitoring selected e ...	2005	15749545
[mercury concentration and its distribution in nycticorax nycticorax and chinese ardeola bacchus fledglings at huangpu district of guangzhou city, china].	in this study, live fledglings of nycticorax nycticorax and ardeola bacchus at the huangpu district of guangzhou city were collected, and their primary feather, breast feather, tail feather, liver, chest muscle and egg shell were sampled for mercury determination. the results showed that these two heron species had a very similar distribution pattern of mercury concentration in their tissues and organs, i. e., tail feather > breast and primary feather > liver > chest muscle > egg shell. ardeola ...	2005	15852945
[a comparative study on asynchronous hatching and nestling growth of three heron species].	the study on the asynchronous hatching and nestling growth of three heron species (ardeola bacchus, egretta garzetta, nycticorax nycticorax) in laboratory and field at the changshan and yuhang heron reserve in zhejiang province in 1996-1999 showed that the herons migrated to the reserve in the first and second ten days of april, and left in late september. the average hatching period was 23.0 days for ardeola bacchus, 23.9 days for egretta garzetta, and 25.3 days for nycticorax nycticorax. nycti ...	2005	15852971
nesting ardeid colonies are not a focus of elevated west nile virus activity in southern california.	a large nesting colony of ardeid birds at the finney-ramer wildlife refuge in imperial county, california, did not appear to be a focus of west nile virus (wnv) amplification during the summer of 2004. blood samples taken during june and july from 155 nestlings of four species of ardeid birds (cattle egrets, black-crowned night herons, great egrets, and snowy egrets) and five nestling double-crested cormorants yielded a single wnv isolation from a 3-week-old cattle egret. antibody was detected b ...	2005	16187895
accumulation profiles of persistent organochlorines in liver and fat tissues of various waterbird species from greece.	waterbirds are particularly subject to accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (pops) that have been shown to constitute a major hazard for this group of birds. liver and fat tissue from ten species belonging to the orders ciconiformes (ardeidae, ciconiidae, phoenicopteridae) and pelicaniformes (pelecanidae, phalacrocoracidae) were used as bioindicators in order to assess environmental pollution by pops (hchs, ddts, cyclodienes, pcbs) in greek wetlands. to our knowledge, this is the first ...	2006	16289289
heavy metals and selenium in grebe eggs from agassiz national wildlife refuge in northern minnesota.	metal levels in eggs can often be used as an indicator of exposure and of potential effects. in previous work at agassiz national wildlife refuge, northwestern minnesota, the levels of several heavy metals were shown to be significantly higher in the eggs of eared grebes (podiceps nigricollis) compared to those in the eggs of franklin's gulls (larus pipixcan), black-crowned night-herons (nycticorax nycticorax) and double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus, except for mercury). in the pres ...	2005	16418918
[enrichment characteristics of heavy metals in heron eggs].	in this study, the eggs and tissues of black-crowned night heron, little egret, chinese pond heron and cattle egret were sampled from the dashu, yuantong and taizi mountains in hefei areas of anhui province in april to june 2004, and the residual amounts of cd, pb and cr in the samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. the results showed that the test heavy metals could be detected at high levels in the eggshell, egg contents, and tissues of most samples. eggshell and bone ...	2005	16422517
a method of assessing ecological risk to night heron, nycticorax nycticorax, population persistence from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane exposure.	this paper first introduces a probabilistic method for quantitatively evaluating the effects of chemical pollutants in the environment on a wildlife population, which was applied to assess the ecological risk to night heron (nycticorax nycticorax) population persistence from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (dde) exposure in tai lake, china. intrinsic rate of population increase (r) calculated with a population age-structured matrix model was used to measure the adverse effect on population. to p ...	2006	16494253
seroprevalance and identification of influenza a virus infection from migratory wild waterfowl in china (2004-2005).	outbreaks of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (h5n1) were reported in birds in more than eight asian countries. we sought to identify the origin of this infection, and herein report the results of serological and virological monitoring of migrant wild waterfowl in mainland china. from a total of 493 serum samples, collected from 15 migratory wild waterfowl species for 9 months (from june 2004 to may 2005) in mainland china, we detected only low-level antibodies against influenza subtypes h2, ...	2006	16629983
effects of contaminants on reproductive success of aquatic birds nesting at edwards air force base, california.	contamination by organochlorine pesticides (ocs), polychlorinated biphenyls, metals, and trace elements at edwards air force base (eafb), located in the mojave desert, could adversely affect nesting aquatic birds, especially at the sewage lagoons that comprise piute ponds. estimates of avian reproduction, in conjunction with analyses of eggs and avian foods for contaminant residues, may indicate the potential for negative effects on avian populations. from 1996 to 1999, we conducted studies at t ...	2006	16998635
the component helminth community in six sympatric species of ardeidae.	we studied the helminth communities in 6 sympatric species of ardeidae (ixobrychus minutus (linnaeus, 1766), nycticorax nycticorax (linnaeus, 1758), bubulcus ibis (linnaeus, 1758), egretta garzetta (linnaeus, 1766), ardea cinerea (linnaeus, 1758), and ardea purpurea (linnaeus, 1766)) from "la albufera de valencia," spain. the survey revealed 13 species of helminth parasites: 5 digeneans, 2 cestodes, and 6 nematodes. the component helminth communities of the ardeidae examined are depauperate and ...	2005	17089743
trace element residues in eggshells of grey heron (ardea cinerea) and black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax) from nallihan bird paradise, ankara-turkey.	concentrations of four trace elements (cd, ni, cu and pb) were determined in eggshells of grey heron (ardea cinerea) and black-crowned night herons (nycticorax nycticorax) from nallihan bird paradise, which is located in the northern part of sariyar dam reservoir, turkey. results indicated that, within the same area, these ardeid species differed in the levels of cd, cu and pb in their eggshells (generally grey heron > night heron), possibly because females may have foraged in different habitats ...	2007	17364239
heavy metal concentrations in diet and livers of black-crowned night heron nycticorax nycticorax and grey heron ardea cinerea chicks from pyeongtaek, korea.	this study presents concentrations of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in diet and livers of black-crowned night heron nycticorax nycticorax and grey heron ardea cinerea chicks from pyeongtaek, gyeonggi-do, korea. heavy metal concentrations of heron chicks were not related to concentrations in the diet. copper concentrations were significantly greater in the diet of black-crowned night herons (geometric mean = 13.6 wet microg/g) than grey herons (7.45 wet microg/g), other metal co ...	2007	17410427
selenium and metal concentrations in waterbird eggs and chicks at agassiz national wildlife refuge, minnesota.	exceptionally high cadmium (cd) and chromium (cr) concentrations were reported in eggs, feathers, or livers of selected waterbird species nesting at agassiz national wildlife refuge (agassiz) in 1994. ten- to 15-day-old franklin's gull (larus pipixcan), black-crowned night-heron (nycticorax nycticorax), and eared grebe (podiceps nigricollis) chicks were collected in 1998, 1999, and 2001 at agassiz and analyzed for selenium (se) and metals including cd and cr. freshly laid eggs were collected in ...	2007	17464443
pcb levels and accumulation patterns in waterbird eggs and in their prey at lake kerkini, a north-eastern mediterranean wetland of international importance.	seven "target" pcb levels were determined and compared in waterbird eggs, in their prey, and in water at lake kerkini, northern greece, to investigate pcb bioaccumulation patterns and to define the best bioindicator of target pcbs for this area. pcbs were analysed from eggs of phalacrocorax carbo, podiceps cristatus, ardea cinerea, egretta garzetta, and nycticorax nycticorax and from prey types alburnus alburnus, rutilus rutilus, lepomis gibbosus. carassius auratus, and rana sp. pcbs analysed we ...	2007	17549546
mercury and drought along the lower carson river, nevada: i. snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron annual exposure to mercury, 1997-2006.	the dynamic nature of the annual volume of water discharged down the carson river over a 10-year period, which included a century flood and drought, was examined in order to gain a better understanding of mercury movement, biological availability, and exposure to waterbirds nesting at lahontan reservoir. total annual water discharge directly influenced total mercury (thg) in unfiltered water above the reservoir and downstream of a mining area, whereas methyl mercury (mehg) at the same site was n ...	2007	17587144
the use of feathers to monitor heavy metal contamination in herons, korea.	this study measured concentrations of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium in environmental substrates (water and sediment) as well as in the diet and feathers of black-crowned night heron nycticorax nycticorax and grey heron ardea cinerea chicks from pyeongtaek heronry, gyeonggi-do, korea. zinc and cadmium concentrations in sediment were relatively high, but lead was low. in the diet, only copper concentrations were higher in black-crowned night herons than in grey herons. cadmium c ...	2007	17657458
health assessment of black-crowned night-herons (nycticorax nycticorax) of the new york harbor estuary.	blood samples from 145 black-crowned night-heron (nycticorax nycticorax, bcnh) chicks (mean age 3 weeks) were taken from four island colonies (goose (2004), canarsie pol (2005), hoffman (2004 and 2005) and north brother (2004 and 2005)) in new york harbor in 2004 and 2005 to establish baseline health reference ranges for this species and to compare health indices of birds reared on different islands. packed cell volume (pcv) and total solids (ts) did not differ among islands in either year. hero ...	2007	17720576
heavy metal distribution in chicks of two heron species from korea.	this study presents concentrations of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium in tissues of black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax) (n = 8) and grey heron (ardea cinerea) (n = 9) chicks from pyeongtaek heronry, gyeonggi-do, korea, 2001. iron (respectively, 45.8 +/- 24.0 microg/wet g, 155 +/- 123 microg/wet g), zinc (38.3 +/- 5.34 microg/wet g, 50.9 +/- 14.0 microg/wet g), and copper (9.93 +/- 2.26 microg/wet g, 30.2 +/- 12.9 microg/wet g) concentrations in feathers, manganese ...	2008	17957401
mercury and drought along the lower carson river, nevada: ii. snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron reproduction on lahontan reservoir, 1997--2006.	mercury concentrations in the floodplain of the carson river basin in northwestern nevada are some of the highest ever reported in a natural system. thus, a portion of the basin including lahontan reservoir was placed on the u.s. environmental protection agency's natural priorities list for research and cleanup. preliminary studies indicated that reproduction in piscivorous birds may be at risk. therefore, a 10-year study (1997--2006) was conducted to evaluate reproduction of snowy egrets (egret ...	2008	17994274
element patterns in feathers of nestling black-crowned night-herons, nycticorax nycticorax l., from four colonies in delaware, maryland, and minnesota.	the pattern of elements in nestling black-crowned night-heron feathers from a rural minnesota colony differed from colonies in industrialized regions of maryland and delaware. except for chromium, however, the differences did not reflect the elements associated with waters and sediments of the maryland and delaware colonies. therefore, elements in water and sediment do not necessarily bioaccumulate in night-heron feathers in relation to potential exposure. although trace element patterns in feat ...	2008	18496631
waterbirds (other than laridae) nesting in the middle section of laguna cuyutlán, colima, méxico.	laguna de cuyutlán, in the state of colima, mexico, is the only large coastal wetland in a span of roughly 1150 km. despite this, the study of its birds has been largely neglected. between 2003 and 2006 we assessed the waterbirds nesting in the middle portion of laguna cuyutlán, a large tropical coastal lagoon, through field visits. we documented the nesting of 15 species of non-laridae waterbirds: neotropic cormorant (phalacrocorax brasilianus), tricolored egret (egretta tricolor), snowy egret ...	2008	18624252
risk assessment of organohalogenated compounds in water bird eggs from south china.	organohalogen compounds, the pesticides aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, sigmachlordanes, sigmaddts, sigmaheptachlors, sigmatoxaphenes, and the industrial chemicals sigmapcbs and sigmapbdes, as well as total dioxin-like equivalents (teqh4iie-luc), were measured in eggs of two ardeid species, the little egret (egretta garzetta) and black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax) from three port cities along the south china coast: hong kong, xiamen, and quanzhou. sigmaddts was ...	2008	18767702
role of communally nesting ardeid birds in the epidemiology of west nile virus revisited.	although herons and egrets in the family ardeidae frequently have been associated with viruses in the japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex, communal nesting colonies do not appear to be a focus of early season and rapid amplification of west nile virus (wnv) in california. evidence for repeated wnv infection was found by testing living and dead nestlings collected under trees with mixed species ardeid colonies nesting above in an oak grove near the university of california arboretum in davis ...	2009	19125659
simultaneous determination of microcystin contaminations in various vertebrates (fish, turtle, duck and water bird) from a large eutrophic chinese lake, lake taihu, with toxic microcystis blooms.	this is the first to conduct simultaneous determination of microcystin (mc) contaminations in multi-groups of vertebrates (fish, turtle, duck and water bird) from lake taihu with microcystis blooms. mcs (-rr, -yr, -lr) in microcystis scum was 328 microg g(-1) dw. mcs reached 235 microg g(-1) dw in intestinal contents of phytoplanktivorous silver carp, but never exceeded 0.1 microg g(-1) dw in intestinal contents of other animals. the highest mc content in liver of fish was in carassius auratus ( ...	2009	19249079
metals in feathers of black-crowned night-heron (nycticorax nycticorax) chicks from the new york harbor estuary.	in heavily urbanized landscapes such as the new york harbor estuary, the local environment is subject to a variety of contamination sources. environmental contaminants such as heavy metals and metalloids pose a risk to wildlife inhabiting the harbor. metal concentrations in feathers indicate exposure and provide insight into the potential adverse effects on birds. in 2004 and 2005 down feathers were collected from 147 black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax) chicks living on four island ...	2010	20037785
mercury and drought along the lower carson river, nevada: iii. effects on blood and organ biochemistry and histopathology of snowy egrets and black-crowned night-herons on lahontan reservoir, 2002-2006.	a 10-year study (1997-2006) was conducted to evaluate reproduction and health of aquatic birds in the carson river basin of northwestern nevada (on the u.s. environmental protection agency natural priorities list) due to high mercury (hg) concentrations from past mining activities. this part of the study evaluated physiological associations with blood hg in young snowy egrets (egretta thula) and black-crowned night-herons (nycticorax nycticorax), and organ biochemistry and histopathological effe ...	2009	20077191
absorption and biotransformation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers de-71 and de-79 in chicken (gallus gallus), mallard (anas platyrhynchos), american kestrel (falco sparverius) and black-crowned night-heron (nycticorax nycticorax) eggs.	we recently reported that air cell administration of penta-brominated diphenyl ether (penta-bde; de-71) evokes biochemical and immunologic effects in chicken (gallus gallus) embryos at very low doses, and impairs pipping (i.e., stage immediately prior to hatching) and hatching success at 1.8mugg(-1) egg (actual dose absorbed) in american kestrels (falco sparverius). in the present study, absorption of polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) congeners was measured following air cell administration o ...	2010	20079516
effects of age on heavy metal concentrations of black-crowned night herons nycticorax nycticorax from korea.	this study presents concentrations of heavy metals in tissues of black-crowned night herons (nycticorax nycticorax), age-related variations related to the growth stage from chicks to adults, and comparison of concentrations between chicks and adults. heavy metal differences by growth stage from chicks to adults were observed for iron concentrations in the muscle; manganese concentrations in the kidney; zinc and copper concentrations in the muscle; lead concentrations in the liver, kidney, and bo ...	2010	20445847
monitoring of heavy metal contamination using tissues of two ardeids chicks, korea.	this study presents concentrations of iron, zinc, manganese, lead and cadmium in livers and kidneys of little egret egretta garzetta (n = 10) and black-crowned night-heron nycticorax nycticorax (n = 10) chicks from pyeongtaek, gyeonggi-do, korea. essential element concentrations such as iron, zinc and manganese did not differ between both species chicks in livers and kidneys, but lead and cadmium concentrations were significantly greater in both tissues of little egret chicks (lead 2.78 +/- 4.06 ...	2010	20464368
differential impact of west nile virus on california birds.	the strain of west nile virus (wnv) currently epidemic in north america contains a genetic mutation elevating its virulence in birds, especially species in the family corvidae. although dead american crows (corvus brachyrhynchos) have been the hallmark of the epidemic, the overall impact of wnv on north america's avifauna remains poorly understood and has not been addressed thoroughly in california. here, we evaluate variation by species in the effect of wnv on california birds from 2004 to 2007 ...	2009	20589226
new primers for sex identification in the chinese egret and other ardeid species.	using the universal p2/p8 primers, we were able to obtain the gene segments of chromo-helicase-dna binding protein (chd)-z and chd-w from ten species of ardeid birds including chinese egret (egretta eulophotes), little egret (e. garzetta), eastern reef egret (e. sacra), great egret (ardea alba), grey heron (a. cinerea), chinese pond-heron (ardeola bacchus), cattle egret (bubulcus ibis), black-crowned night-heron (nycticorax nycticorax), cinnamon bittern (ixobrychus cinnamomeus) and yellow bitter ...	2011	21429119
polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in local waterbird eggs from hong kong: risk assessment to local waterbirds.	the contamination status of the marine environment in hong kong was studied by measuring concentrations of organochlorine (oc) pollutants (i.e., hexachlorobenzene, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, mirex, total heptachlor, total chlordane, total ddts, total pcbs, and total toxaphenes) in the eggs of selected waterbird species from different locations around the city: little egret (egretta garzetta) and chinese pond heron (ardeola bacchus) from mai po village, great egret (ardea alba) and black-crowned n ...	2011	21440927
characterization and evolution of mhc class ii b genes in ardeid birds.	major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a multi-gene family that is very suitable to investigate a wide range of open questions in evolutionary ecology. in this study, we characterized two expressed mhc class ii b genes (dab1 and dab2) in the grey heron (aves: ardea cinerea). we further developed the primer pairs to amplify and sequence two mhc class ii b loci in ten ardeid birds. phylogenetic analysis revealed that different parts of the genes showed different evolutionary patterns. the exon ...	2011	21590337
[postnatal growth patterns in eight species of herons and egrets (ciconiiformes: ardeidae)].	avian postnatal growth has received considerable attention and its ecological implications have been deeply analyzed. in this current paper, i describe the patterns of culmen and tarsus growth, as well as of weight gain patterns in eight species of herons and egrets (aves: ardeidae) found in the birama swamp in eastern cuba. between 1998 and 2006,714 nestlings of the following species were measured every two days: butorides virescens, bubulcus ibis, egretta thula, e. tricolor, e. caerulea, e. ru ...	2011	21721238
Mosquito host selection varies seasonally with host availability and mosquito density.	Host selection by vector mosquitoes is a critical component of virus proliferation, particularly for viruses such as West Nile (WNV) that are transmitted enzootically to a variety of avian hosts, and tangentially to dead-end hosts such as humans. Culex tarsalis is a principal vector of WNV in rural areas of western North America. Based on previous work, Cx. tarsalis utilizes a variety of avian and mammalian hosts and tends to feed more frequently on mammals in the late summer than during the res ...	2011	22206038
patterns of resource partitioning by nesting herons and ibis: how are odonata exploited?	herons and ibis are colonially nesting waders which, owing to their number, mobility and trophic role as top predators, play a key role in aquatic ecosystems. they are also good biological models to investigate interspecific competition between sympatric species and predation; two processes which structure ecological communities. odonata are also numerous, diverse, mobile and can play an important role in aquatic ecosystems by serving as prey for herons and ibis. a relationship between prey size ...	2012	22578577
host preference of the arbovirus vector culex erraticus (diptera: culicidae) at sonso lake, cauca valley department, colombia.	culex erraticus (dyar & knab) is a competent vector of eastern equine encephalitis virus and subtype ic venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and both st. louis encephalitis virus and west nile virus have been isolated from field-collected specimens. previous bloodmeal analysis studies have shown this species to be a generalist, feeding on a variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. this behavior can bridge arboviral transmission across different vertebrate groups. our study examined ...	2012	23025191
immunological and reproductive health assessment in herring gulls and black-crowned night herons in the hudson-raritan estuary.	previous studies have shown inexplicable declines in breeding waterbirds within western new york/new jersey harbor between 1996 and 2002 and elevated polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus) eggs. the present study assessed associations between immune function, prefledgling survival, and selected organochlorine compounds and metals in herring gulls (larus argentatus) and black-crowned night herons (nycticorax nycti ...	2013	23212976
first description of adults of the type species of the genus glossocercus chandler, 1935 (cestoda: gryporhynchidae).	the type species of the genus glossocercus chandler, 1935, g. cyprinodontis chandler, 1935, was described as metacestode (larval stage) from the mesentery of the sheepshead minnow fish (cyprinodon variegatus lacépède) from galveston bay, texas. the description was based on the morphology of the rostellar hooks; however, the features of the internal morphology of the proglottides could no be provided. in the present study we describe for the first time the features of the adult g. cyprinodontis f ...	2013	23539950
pathogenicity of clinostomum complanatum (digenea: clinostomidae) in piscivorous birds.	the present study is focused on the pathogenicity of a parasitic digenea, clinostomum complanatum among dead piscivorous birds, collected after mass mortalities in northern iran. a total of 126 birds (15 species) were examined for parasitic infections. birds of four species belong to the family ardeidae were found to be infected with immature and mature worms. c. complanatum was more prevalent in ardea purpurea followed by nycticorax nycticorax, egretta alba and egretta garzetta. pathological st ...	2013	23876333
heavy metal and selenium levels in birds at agassiz national wildlife refuge, minnesota: food chain differences.	the levels of heavy metals and selenium in the eggs and in breast feathers of adult doublecrested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus), black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax), and franklin's gull (larus pipixcan) nesting at agassiz national wildlife refuge in marshall county, northwestern minnesota were examined. also examined were metal levels in the feathers of fledgling night herons and gulls, in the feathers of adult and fledgling american bittern (botaurus lentiginosus), in eggs of ...	1996	24193900
large scale mortality of nestling ardeids caused by nematode infection.	during the summer of 1976, an epornitic of verminous peritonitis caused by eustrongylides ignotus resulted in large scale mortality of young herons and egrets on pea patch island, delaware. mortality was highest (84%) in snowy egret nestlings ( egretta thula ) and less severe in great egrets ( casmerodius albus ), louisiana herons ( hydranassa tricolor ), little blue herons ( florida caerulea ), and black crowned night herons ( nycticorax nycticorax ). most deaths occured within the first 4 week ...	1977	24228957
within-and among-clutch variation of organochlorine residues in eggs of black-crowned night-herons.	within-clutch variability of dde and pcb residues in eggs from 62 clutches of black-crowned night-herons (nycticorax nycticorax) was small (12% and 17%) compared to among-clutch variability (88% and 83%). significant correlations between concentrations of dde (median r=0.8885) and of pcbs (median r=0.8244) occurred when 501 correlations were run on two randomly selected eggs from within the same clutch; no significant correlation occurred for either concentrations of dde (median r=0.0353) or pcb ...	1990	24243430
organochlorines and selenium in california night-heron and egret eggs.	exceptionally high concentrations of dde were found in black-crowned night-heron (nycticorax nycticorax) (geometric mean 8.62 μg g(-1) wet wt.) and great egret (casmerodius albus) (24.0 μg g(-1)) eggs collected from the imperial valley (salton sea), california in 1985. dde concentrations in 14 of the 87 (16%) randomly selected night-heron eggs from six colonies (two in san francisco bay, three in the san joaquin valley, and one at salton sea) were higher than those associated with reduced reprod ...	1990	24243431
contaminant levels in colonial waterbirds from green bay and lake michigan, 1975-80.	residues of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated biphenyls (pbbs), polychlorinated styrenes (pcss), and mercury were measured in the eggs of 10 species of colonial waterbirds nesting in areas around green bay or lake michigan from 1975 to 1980. residues also were measured in the carcasses and brains of black-crowned night-herons (nycticorax nycticorax). the highest residues were of pcbs, dde, mercury, and dieldrin; for some species, levels of these chemical ...	1985	24258029
polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congener concentrations in aquatic birds. case study: ilha grande bay, rio de janeiro, brazil.	livers from 108 birds found prostrate or dead in ilha grande bay between 2005 and 2010 were analyzed for 16 pcb congeners (iupac numbers 8, 18, 28, 31, 52, 77, 101, 118, 126, 128, 138, 149, 153, 169, 170, and 180). the species analyzed were egretta caerulea (linnaeus 1758), nycticorax nycticorax (linnaeus 1758), egretta thula (molina 1782), and ardea cocoi (linnaeus 1766). the analysis were performed using origin software (7.5, 2004) with a significant level of p<0.05. data were checked for adhe ...	2013	24346796
lead and cadmium contaminations in feathers of heron and egret chicks.	in birds, concentrations of heavy metal contaminants were associated with their diet and environmental quality. this study presents concentrations of lead and cadmium in feathers and the relationship between concentrations in the feather and stomach content of three species of heron and egret chicks. cadmium concentrations were higher in the little egret (geomean 0.75 μg/g dry weight) and black-crowned night heron (geomean 0.88 μg/g dry weight) chicks than in grey heron chicks (geomean 0.48 μg/g ...	2014	24407960
contaminant exposure of birds nesting in green bay, wisconsin, usa.	in earlier studies, elevated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (dde) were reported in double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus) eggs and tree swallow (tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings collected from lower green bay (wi, usa) in 1994 and 1995 and black-crowned night-heron (nycticorax nycticorax) eggs collected in 1991. comparable samples collected in 2010 and 2011 indicated that concentrations of pcbs were 35%, 62%, 70%, and 8 ...	2014	24733712
gryporhynchidae (cestoda: cyclophyllidea) in mexico: species list, hosts, distribution and new records.	as a result of this study, 8 new host (botaurus lentiginosus for glossocercus caribaensis and valipora mutabilis; egretta caerulea for valipora minuta; egretta thula for glossocercus cyprinodontis; egretta tricolor and nycticorax nycticorax for glossocercus caribaensis; pelecanus occidentalis and platalea ajaja for paradilepis caballeroi) and 31 new locality records for gryporhynchid cestode species in mexico are presented. with these data, the total number of species of this group of helminths ...	2014	24870465
the complete mitochondrial genomes of sixteen ardeid birds revealing the evolutionary process of the gene rearrangements.	the animal mitochondrial genome is generally considered to be under selection for both compactness and gene order conservation. as more mitochondrial genomes are sequenced, mitochondrial duplications and gene rearrangements have been frequently identified among diverse animal groups. although several mechanisms of gene rearrangement have been proposed thus far, more observational evidence from major taxa is needed to validate specific mechanisms. in the current study, the complete mitochondrial ...	2014	25001581
field investigations of winter transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus in florida.	studies investigating winter transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) were conducted in hillsborough county, florida. the virus was detected in culiseta melanura and anopheles quadrimaculatus in february 2012 and 2013, respectively. during the winter months, herons were the most important avian hosts for all mosquito species encountered. in collections carried out in the summer of 2011, blood meals taken from herons were still common, but less frequently encountered than in winte ...	2014	25070997
effect of the environmental quality and food chain on trace element concentrations in heron and egret chicks at pyeongtaek colony, korea.	trace element concentrations in the diet can affect the levels in birds. heron and egret chicks have been recommended as useful biological indicators for monitoring trace element contamination in the aquatic ecosystem. iron, zinc, manganese, copper, lead and cadmium concentrations were measured in the livers and stomach contents of grey heron (ardea cinerea), intermediate egret (egretta intermedia), little egret (egretta garzetta) and black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax) chicks from ...	2014	25103117
partial cloning of cyp2c23a genes and hepatic protein expression in eight representative avian species.	large interspecies differences in avian xenobiotic metabolism have been revealed by microsome-based studies, but specific enzyme isoforms in different bird species have not yet been compared. we have previously shown that cyp2c23 genes are the most induced cyp isoforms in chicken liver. in this study, we collected partial cyp2c23a gene sequences from eight avian species (ostrich, blue-eared pheasant, snowy owl, great-horned owl, chilean flamingo, peregrin falcon, humboldt penguin, and black-crow ...	2015	25229839
serological evidence of h7, h5 and h9 avian influenza virus co-infection among herons in a city park in jiangxi, china.	extensive surveillance of influenza a viruses in different avian species is critical for understanding its transmission. here, a breeding colony of little egrets and black-crowned night herons was monitored both serologically and virologically in a city park of jiangxi in 2009. a portion of herons had antibodies against h7 (52%), h5 (55%) and h9 (6%) subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) in egg yolk samples, and 45% had antibodies against different aiv serotypes (h5, h7 or h9) simultaneously. grea ...	2014	25242001
concentrations of cd, pb, mn and zn in feathers and diet in heron chicks in korea.	the feathers and diet items of grey heron (ardea cinerea) and black-crowned night-heron (nycticorax nycticorax) chicks were collected at the pyeongtaek colony, korea in 2002 and 2008, and cd, pb, mn and zn concentrations were measured. cd and zn concentrations were higher in both species in 2008 than 2002 and were higher in grey herons than black-crowned night-herons in 2002. in 2008, cd concentrations were higher in black-crowned night-herons than grey herons; zn concentrations did not differ b ...	2015	25398268
comparison of trace element concentrations in grey heron and black-crowned night heron chicks.	cadmium (cd), lead (pb), manganese (mn), zinc (zn), and iron (fe) concentrations were measured in the prey and liver of grey heron (ardea cinerea) and black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax) chicks (24-26 days after hatching) at the pyeongtaek colony, korea in 2001 (n = 10, respectively) and 2008 (n = 11 and n = 10). cadmium and pb concentrations in livers of grey heron (cd geomean 0.06, pb 3.90 μg/g dw) and black-crowned night heron (cd 0.20, pb 4.24 μg/g dw) chicks were increased wit ...	2015	25410946