Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: role of fibrin deposition in immunopathogenesis of inflammation in rats. | the immunopathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) is reviewed with special focus on the role of central nervous system fibrin deposition in the inflammatory cascade characterizing this autoimmune disease. among rats sensitized to whole spinal cord or myelin basic protein of either guinea pig or bovine origin, there is a striking degree of concordance of perivascular fibrin deposits and occurrence of clinical paralytic signs. neither paralytic signs nor fibrin deposition are ... | 1976 | 61895 |
| the effects of snake venoms and their neurotoxins on the nervous system of man and animals. | myasthenia gravis is a subject of tremendous interest ot neurologists. snake poisoning, however, which gives rise to a clinical picture resembling a myasthenic crisis, has evoked little interest among neurologists. this state of affairs exists partly because most snake bites occur in areas where physicians, let alone neurologists, are not commonly found. hence, few neurologists have seen a case of snake bite with nervous system involvement. this is unfortunate, because many of the published case ... | 1975 | 124647 |
| fragmentation of actin by thrombin-like snake venom proteases. | the effect of thrombin-like snake venom proteases (ancrod of agkistrodon rhodostoma and batroxobins of bothrops moojeni and bothrops marajoensis) on skeletal muscle actin was studied and compared to the thrombic cleavage of this protein. only edta-pretreated g- and f-actin were split by thrombin and ancrod, while batroxobins hydrolyzed native g-actin, too. the time course of digestion was followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a split product of 37 500 daltons app ... | 1979 | 427215 |
| protection of pregnant mice with phospholipase c and with arvin against foetal death induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. | injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide into pregnant mice resulted in fibrinogen accumulation, thrombosis and haemorrhage in the placental tissue and foetal death. depletion of circulating fibrinogen by a thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of malayan pit viper, arvin, prevents foetal death. foetal protection was also obtained by treating the mothers with a preparation of phospholipase c from bacillus cereus known to inactivate tissue thromboplastin. it is suggested the lipopolysaccharide cau ... | 1979 | 444421 |
| incidence, clinical manifestation and general management of snake bites. | there are regional patterns in snake-bites. bites by cobras have a high incidence in thailand and in the philippines with a high case fatality rate. among the venomous snakes of haemorrhagic nature, bites by trimeresurus species such as green pit viper, taiwan habu and taiwan bamboo viper are important in thailand and taiwan for their high incidence of bite, although the case fatality rates are low. bites by malayan pit vipers are also important in thailand and malaysia because of their high inc ... | 1979 | 524149 |
| bleeding manifestations in snake bite. | bleeding following bites by the malayan pit viper can either be local or systemic. bleeding at the site of the bite is due to the local action of the venom as a vasculotoxin. systemic bleeding occurs with severe poisoning and appears to be mainly dependent on platelet deficiency and the co-existing defibrination syndrome appears to play a minor role in the initiation of bleeding. thus in the clinical situation non-clotting blood with no overt bleeding can continue up to weeks when specific antiv ... | 2004 | 524151 |
| effect of five thai snake venoms on coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation. | the effects of five thai snake venoms--malayan pit viper--mpv (ancistrodon rhodostoma); russell's viper--rvv (vipera russelli); cobra--cv (naja naja); king cobra--kcv (naja hannah) and banded krait--bkv (bungarus fasciatus)--on blood coagulation fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation were studied. mpv has strong thrombin-like coagulant action. rvv has activating effect most probably on factor x. other three venoms--cv, kcv and bkv have been shown to be anti coagulant, on both intrinsic and extrin ... | 1979 | 524153 |
| bleeding after malayan pit viper bites. | 1979 | 524154 | |
| partial perfusion in awake neonatal lambs: a comparison of three methods. | a comparison of the effects of extended partial perfusion of conscious lambs was made between the use of a silicone-tube membrane oxygenator and a bubble oxygenator (infant temptrol). the survival time of the lambs was markedly shortened with the bubble oxygenator, although much longer than had been anticipated. a serious problem was uncontrollable bleeding from the cannulation wounds with a rapidly declining pcv. in a third group of experiments the suitability of ancrod (arvin-extract of the ve ... | 1977 | 599168 |
| the effects of ancrod, the coagulating enzyme from the venom of malayan pit viper (a. rhodostoma) on prothrombin and fibrinogen metabolism and fibrinopeptide a release in man. | the action of ancrod on fibrinogen and prothrombin metabolism was studied in six healthy individuals by the use of 131i-fibrinogen and 125i-prothrombin and by measurement of blood levels of fibrinopeptide a. two untreated healthy controls were studied at the same time. rapid defibrinogenation occurred during the initial 3 hr ancrod infusion, and fibrinogen levels were maintained near zero throughout the study. large quantities of non-thrombin-clottable tca-precipitable 131i material could be dem ... | 1978 | 641385 |
| isolation of thrombin-like factors from malayan pit viper venom by affinity chromatography. | 1977 | 867437 | |
| effect of defibrination on tumor growth and response to chemotherapy. | other investigators have demonstrated fibrin deposition in tumors. experiments were therefore designed to test whether systemic defibrination would alter tumor growth or tumor response to chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide. defibrination with ancrod, a venom extract of agkistrodon rhodostoma, did not significantly affect tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy. similarly, defibrination plus fibrinolytic therapy with streptokinase did not affect responsiveness to cyclophosphamide. long-term defibrinati ... | 1976 | 953985 |
| the clotting of a snake (crotalus viridis helleri) plasma and its interaction with various snake venoms. | the clotting of c. v. helleri plasma is not accelerated by the factor x activator or thrombin-like enzymes from its own venom. clotting of the plasma is accelerated by the factor xactivator from russell's viper venom, but not by the thrombin-like enzyme from agkistrodon rhodostoma venom ("arvin"). the prothrombin activator from the taipan venom clots c.v. helleri plasma equally well as human plasma, but the thrombin which is produced has a marked specificity for its own fibrinogen, and clots bov ... | 1976 | 989631 |
| [arvin anticoagulant for prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (author's transl)]. | treatment of overwhelming but reversible respiratory failure has broadened to include extracorporeal support with a membrane lung. until recently, it has been necessary to rely on heparin to prevent clotting in an extracorporeal circuit. during prolonged bypass heparinisation may be attended by bleeding. we investigated the use of arvin for systemic anticoagulation in extracorporeal membrane lung bypass in lambs. arvin is a purified fraction of the venom of the malayan pit viper. effective antic ... | 1976 | 1008240 |
| ancrod, the coagulating enzyme from malayan pit viper (agkistrodon rhodostoma) venom. | 1976 | 1011992 | |
| significane of intravascular coagulation in canine endotoxin shock. | the contribution of disseminated fibrin clot formation to the pathogenesis of canine endotoxin shock was explored in control dogs and in those defibrinated with a purified fraction of malayan pit viper venom. the hemodynamic and humoral responses after the administration of an intravenous challenge dose of escherichia coli endotoxin were comparable as was mortality. it is concluded that, although the role of the coagulation sequence in canine endotoxin shock is unclear, it does not appear to be ... | 1975 | 1091556 |
| determination of human fibrinopeptide a by radioimmunoassay in purified systems and in the blood. | the formation of fibrin clots or circulating soluble fibrin is accompanied by the appearance of fibrinopeptides. measurement of the fibrinopeptide concentration in plasma can provide important information on the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin. this rate varies under different physiologic and pathologic conditions. fibrinopeptide a is a better molecular marker of the conversion than fibrinopeptide b since it is the first peptide to be cleaved by thrombin. a radioimmunoassa ... | 1975 | 1209541 |
| [activity against clotting and platelet aggregation of the anticoagulant fraction of venom from agkistrodon rhodostoma]. | 1975 | 1227762 | |
| [experimental analysis of the effects of the anticoagulant fraction of agkistrodon rhodostoma venom on the heart, the vascular and respiratory systems and on certain muscles]. | 1975 | 1232572 | |
| electrospray mass spectrometry of malayan pit viper (calloselasma rhodostoma) venom. | a high-performance liquid chromatography protocol has been developed for the analysis of snake venoms. this system has been used to isolate eight fractions from malayan pit viper (calloselasma rhodostoma) venom. the fractions have been analysed using electrospray mass spectrometry. a number of major components were found with masses ranging from 13,670 to 22,750 da. | 1992 | 1286207 |
| carbohydrate structure of a thrombin-like serine protease from agkistrodon rhodostoma. structure elucidation of oligosaccharides by methylation analysis, liquid secondary-ion mass spectrometry and proton magnetic resonance. | the carbohydrate side chains of the thrombin-like serine protease ancrod from the venom of the malayan pit viper agkistrodon rhodostoma were liberated from tryptic glycopeptides by treatment with peptide-n4-(n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase f and fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography. glycans obtained were characterized by digestion with exoglycosidases, methylation analysis and, in part, by liquid secondary-ion mass spectrometry and 1h-nmr spectroscopy. the results ... | 1992 | 1315684 |
| a novel alpha-type fibrinogenase from agkistrodon rhodostoma snake venom. | by means of cm-sephadex c-50 column chromatography, gel-filtration on sephadex g-75 and sephacryl s-200 columns, a purified fibrinogenase, kistomin, was obtained from venom of agkistrodon rhodostoma. it was a single peptide-chain with a molecular mass of about 21,800 da containing about 202 amino-acid residues as revealed by amino acid analysis. kistomin preferentially cleaved a alpha- and subsequently the gamma-chain of fibrinogen, leaving the b beta-chain unaffected. its fibrinogenolytic activ ... | 1992 | 1477097 |
| the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitation of calloselasma rhodostoma (malayan pit viper) venom and venom antibodies. | the specificity and sensitivity of an indirect and two (an 'ordinary' and a 'rapid') double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) procedures for the quantitation of calloselasma rhodostoma (malayan pit viper) venom were examined. the three assays were equally sensitive and the accuracy of the assays was not substantially affected by individual variation in the venom composition. the specificity of the assays was examined against 26 venoms from snakes of the families viperidae and el ... | 1992 | 1488770 |
| amino acid sequence determination of ancrod, the thrombin-like alpha-fibrinogenase from the venom of akistrodon rhodostoma. | the thrombin-like serine protease and antithrombotic agent, ancrod, was rapidly purified from the crude venom of akistrodon rhodostoma by agmatine-sepharose affinity chromatography followed by monoq anion exchange chromatography. n-terminal sequencing and analysis of overlapping proteolytic fragments of purified ancrod by automated edman degradation in combination with tandem mass spectroscopy allowed the determination of the 234 amino acid sequence of the protease. glycosylation sites at all fi ... | 1992 | 1544412 |
| intrinsic pathway activation of factor x and its activation peptide-deficient derivative, factor xdes-143-191. | the role of the activation peptide in determining the substrate specificity of intrinsic pathway factor x (fx) activation was studied by using a novel derivative of fx in which 49 residues were removed enzymatically from the nh2 terminus of the 52-residue activation peptide by an enzyme from the venom of the snake agkistrodon rhodostoma. the modified protein, designated fxdes-143-191, is inactive but is activated to alpha-fxa by either the intrinsic fx activation complex (intrinsic fxase) compos ... | 1992 | 1560014 |
| a national hospital-based survey of snakes responsible for bites in thailand. | snakes which had been killed and brought to hospital with the patients they had bitten were collected in 80 district and provincial hospitals throughout 67 provinces in thailand in order to establish the geographical distribution and relative medical importance of the venomous species. of the 1631 snakes collected, 1145 were venomous: malayan pit vipers (calloselasma rhodostoma), green pit vipers (trimeresurus albolabris) and russell's vipers (daboia russelii) were the most numerous, while t. al ... | 1992 | 1566285 |
| therapeutic defibrination with ancrod does not protect canine myocardium from reperfusion injury. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether normal fibrinogen contributes to the development of myocardial reperfusion injury by acting as a substrate in vivo for neutrophil adhesion. this was tested in a dog model of acute myocardial infarction that used pentobarbital anesthetized dogs subjected to 90 min regional myocardial ischemia and 5 h reperfusion. dogs were treated with 1 unit/kg ancrod (venom from the malayan pit viper, agkistrodon rhodostoma) or vehicle i.v. 60 min after left ci ... | 1991 | 1704437 |
| antigenic relationship between the venom of the night adder causus maculatus and venoms of other viperids. | monovalent antivenoms were raised in mice against the venoms of causus maculatus, vipera ammodytes, echis carinatus, cerastes cerastes, bitis arietans, agkistrodon rhodostoma and bothrops atrox. these antivenoms as well as four commercially available antivenoms were tested against the venoms of 15 viperid species by means of immunoelectrophoresis and/or elisa. cross-reactive protein bands were determined by immunoblot. elisa cross-reactions of c. maculatus antivenom were low with all heterologou ... | 1990 | 1706897 |
| a common precursor for a putative hemorrhagic protein and rhodostomin, a platelet aggregation inhibitor of the venom of calloselasma rhodostoma: molecular cloning and sequence analysis. | rhodostomin is a platelet aggregation inhibitor secreted by the venom gland of calloselasma rhodostoma. we report here the isolation of a 1.67-kilobase (kb) lambda gt11 cdna clone using degenerate oligonucleotide probe based on a partial amino acid sequence of rhodostomin. the amino acid sequence deduced from an open reading frame of the cdna indicates that (i) the 68-amino acid sequence of rhodostomin is located at the carboxyl terminus of the precursor polypeptide and (ii) a peroxisomal target ... | 1991 | 1755841 |
| hemorrhagic protease from the venom of calloselasma rhodostoma. | 1. a hemorrhagic protease i (hp-i) was isolated from calloselasma rhodostoma venom by sephadex g-75, deae-sephacel and q-sepharose column chromatographies. 2. homogeneity was established by the formation of a single band in acrylamide gel electrophoresis. 3. hp-i has a molecular weight of 34,800 and possesses hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities. both activities are inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta), 1,10-phenanthroline, ethyleneglycolbis-(beta-aminoethyl ether) n,n'-tetraace ... | 1991 | 1794444 |
| experimental ancrod (arvin) for acute ischemic stroke: nursing implications. | by increasing local cerebral blood flow to ischemic brain tissue in a timely fashion, impending cerebral infarction can be reversed. aggressive, early intervention is the key to overall neurological improvement of stroke patients. ancrod, a purified protein fraction of venom from the malayan pit viper, has been shown to produce rapid and effective defibrinogenation in humans. a current clinical trial with ancrod in patients with acute or progressing nonhemorrhagic ischemic stroke requires an ons ... | 1991 | 1839548 |
| kistrin, a polypeptide platelet gpiib/iiia receptor antagonist, enhances and sustains coronary arterial thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in a canine preparation. | kistrin is a 68-amino acid polypeptide from the venom of the malayan pit viper agkistrodon rhodostoma, which inhibits the platelet gpiib/iiia receptor. its effect on thrombolysis, reocclusion, and bleeding associated with administration of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-pa) was studied in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis. | 1991 | 1900221 |
| animal models for arterial thrombolysis and prevention of reocclusion. erythrocyte-rich versus platelet-rich thrombus. | experimental animal models for erythrocyte-rich (er) and platelet-rich (pr) arterial thrombosis were developed in dogs and rabbits and used for the evaluation of the effect of antithrombin and antiplatelet agents on thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activators (rt-pa). the canine models consist of a whole blood clot produced in the left anterior descending coronary artery (er thrombus) or a 1-cm everted (inside-out) segment graft in the circumflex coronary artery that predisp ... | 1991 | 2040069 |
| synergy of antithrombin iii concentrate and antivenom in preventing coagulopathy in a rat model of malayan pit viper envenoming. | the effects of unrefined equine antivenom and antithrombin iii (at-iii) concentrate on the coagulopathy induced by systemic envenomation by malayan pit viper (calloselasma rhodostoma; mpv) venom were investigated in a rat model. 37 rats received an intramuscular injection of mpv venom and serial blood samples were taken from the femoral vein for simple whole blood clotting tests and measurement of at-iii activity. 30 min after venom injection, treatment (antivenom, at-iii or both) was given intr ... | 1990 | 2096528 |
| therapeutic defibrinogenation by ancrod: effect on limb blood flow in peripheral vascular disease. | reduction of blood viscosity by venesection may improve peripheral blood flow but similar haemorheological changes have not been conclusively demonstrated following reduction of plasma viscosity by defibrinogenation. ancrod is a defibrinogenating enzyme from the venom of the malayan pit viper. we studied six male patients with severe intermittent claudication before, during and after treatment with ancrod for 48 h. ancrod was given by initial infusion of 2 u/kg over 6 h and four subsequent bolus ... | 1990 | 2133215 |
| bacteriological studies of the venom and mouth cavities of wild malayan pit vipers (calloselasma rhodostoma) in southern thailand. | venom and oropharyngeal swabs from freshly captured malayan pit vipers (calloselasma rhodostoma) in southern thailand and captive specimens in england were cultured aerobically and anaerobically to identify the bacterial flora which might contaminate wounds inflicted by bites of this species. the snakes' mouths contained a wider range of organisms than their venoms, especially gut-related gram-negative rods such as enterobacter and pseudomonas species and some staphylococci and clostridia. there ... | 1990 | 2136528 |
| characterization of a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the hyaluronidase activity of russell's viper venom. | three monoclonal antibodies (wpn1, wpn2 and wpn3) raised against a partially purified fraction of russell's viper venom (rvv) were characterized. all three monoclonal antibodies reacted with crude rvv when tested by elisa, but only two (wpn1, wpn2) neutralized its hyaluronidase activity. wpn1 was the more potent and was effective at an antigen: antibody ratio of 1:3. furthermore, wpn1 was shown to recognize only the 14,000 mw component of crude rvv. this has been identified in a previous study t ... | 1990 | 2237592 |
| in vivo defibrination results in markedly decreased amounts of fibrinogen in rat megakaryocytes and platelets. | recently evidence was provided for a pathway whereby circulating fibrinogen enters megakaryocyte granules by an endocytic mechanism. synthesis of fibrinogen by megakaryocytes has been reported. to determine the relationship between plasma fibrinogen and alpha-granule fibrinogen in megakaryocytes and platelets, the fibrinogen content of these cells was studied in rats defibrinated by use of ancrod, a thrombinlike enzyme purified from the venom of agkistrodon rhodostoma. unlike thrombin, ancrod do ... | 1990 | 2260627 |
| pharmacokinetics of three commercial antivenoms in patients envenomed by the malayan pit viper, calloselasma rhodostoma, in thailand. | the pharmacokinetics of 3 monospecific antivenoms were compared in patients envenomed by the malayan pit viper, calloselasma rhodostoma. there was a biphasic decline in serum concentrations following intravenous administration. the initial rapid decline was attributable to the formation of venom-antivenom complexes, as the fall in antivenom during this phase was positively correlated with the initial venom concentration (p = 0.045). the total apparent volume of distribution for each antivenom wa ... | 1990 | 2316795 |
| platelet glycoprotein iib-iiia protein antagonists from snake venoms: evidence for a family of platelet-aggregation inhibitors. | the purification, complete amino acid sequence, and biological activity are described for several homologous snake venom proteins that are platelet glycoprotein (gp) iib-iiia antagonists and potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation. the primary structures of kistrin (from agkistrodon rhodostoma), bitan (from bitis arietans), three isoforms of trigramin (from trimeresusus gramineus), and an isoform of echistatin (from echis carinatus) were determined by automated sequence analysis and fast atom ... | 1990 | 2320569 |
| shortened method for the determination of euglobulin lysis time employing malayan pit viper venom. | 1989 | 2772869 | |
| comparative enzymatic degradation of h1 subfractions from syrian hamster tissues. | an additional hydrolysis site recognized by thrombin on histone h1 molecules was found. snakes venom proteases from agkistrodon rhodostoma, bothrops marajoensis and bothrops moojeni were further used for the analysis of h1 histones. the presence of the main cleavage site on h1 histone molecules has been established. this site is localized on main n-terminal thrombin peptide. the main venom protease peptides obtained from different h1 subfractions preserve differences of electrophoretic mobility ... | 1986 | 2946112 |
| inactivation of single-chain urokinase (pro-urokinase) by thrombin and thrombin-like enzymes: relevance of the findings to the interpretation of fibrin-binding experiments. | whereas crude bovine thrombin activated single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-pa), otherwise called pro-urokinase (pro-uk), purified human thrombin converted pro-uk (scu-pa) to a two-chain form that had no amidolytic activity. the two chains (mr approximately 33,000 and 22,000) were disulfide linked and resistant to subsequent activation by plasmin. by contrast, thrombin did not inactivate tissue plasminogen activator or two-chain urokinase. the enzyme from snake venom agkistrod ... | 1987 | 2949785 |
| gyroxin, a toxin from the venom of crotalus durissus terrificus, is a thrombin-like enzyme. | we report a simple method for the isolation of gyroxin, a protein from the venom of the south american rattlesnake crotalus durissus terrificus. the intravenous injection of gyroxin into mice produces temporary episodes characterized by opisthotonos and rotations around the long axis of the animal. we found gyroxin to be a glycoprotein with thrombin-like and esterase activities. gyroxin loses its ability to produce the gyroxin syndrome, its thrombin-like activity and its esterase activity with h ... | 2011 | 3059581 |
| b and t lymphocyte mitogenic properties in a snake venom. | from the crude snake venom of agkistrodon rhodostoma two mitogenic principles could be detected: a potent t-lymphocyte stimulating anti-beta-d-galactose specific lectin with a molecular mass of about 18 kd and a very strong b-lymphocyte mitogenic factor. whereas the lectin could be purified by affinity chromatography and characterized as a cell agglutinating, but not precipitating lectin, the highly active b-lymphocyte mitogen could be separated but not characterized. both factors are much stron ... | 1986 | 3085661 |
| primary specificity of ancrod, the coagulating serine proteinase from the malayan pit viper (agkistrodon rhodostoma) venom. | values of steady-state and pre-steady-state parameters for the hydrolysis of zargonp and zlysonp catalysed by ancrod, the coagulating serine proteinase from the malayan pit viper (agkistrodon rhodostoma) venom, have been determined, between ph 2.5 and 8 (i = 0.1 m) at 21 +/- 0.5 degrees c, and analysed in parallel with those of bovine alpha-thrombin and porcine pancreatic beta-kallikrein-b. in addition to the well-known coagulating behaviour, ancrod also shows catalytic properties, in the hydrol ... | 1986 | 3085714 |
| antigenic relationships and relative immunogenicities of venom proteins from six poisonous snakes of thailand. | venoms from naja naja siamensis, ophiophagus hannah, bungarus fasciatus, vipera russelli, calloselasma rhodostoma and trimeresurus albolabris have been studied by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. the immunoblots were stained with rabbit homologous and heterologous antibodies. in general, the higher the mol. wt the protein the higher the immunogenicity although two proteins with mol. wts of 23,000 and 25,000 from o. hannah venom are extraordin ... | 1988 | 3201490 |
| factors contributing to fatal snake bite in the rural tropics: analysis of 46 cases in thailand. | records of 46 cases of fatal bites by identified snakes from 15 provincial hospitals throughout thailand contained sufficient information for detailed analysis. bungarus candidus and calloselasma rhodostoma were each responsible for 13 deaths, naja kaouthia for 12, vipera russelli for 7 and b. fasciatus for one. major causes of death among elapid victims were respiratory failure (26) and complications of prolonged mechanical ventilation (10), and among viper victims shock (12), intracranial haem ... | 1988 | 3257001 |
| oleic acid-induced lung injury in rabbits: effect of fibrinogen depletion with arvin. | the role of fibrinogen in the evolution of the increased permeability after oleic acid-induced lung injury was studied in new zealand white rabbits. animals depleted of fibrinogen by treatment with malayan pit viper venom were compared with untreated rabbits immediately and at 1 and 24 h after injury. the increased permeability to albumin and elevated extravascular lung water (evlw) associated with lung injury returned to control values by 24 h in untreated animals. fibrinogen-depleted animals h ... | 1988 | 3284872 |
| degradation of coagulation proteins by an enzyme from malayan pit viper (akistrodon rhodostoma) venom. | three hydrolases from the crude venom of the malayan pit viper (akistrodon rhodostoma) can be differentiated. the first, which we designate arh alpha, is the well-known fibrinogenolytic enzyme ancrod. the second, arh beta, which has not been described previously, is identified by its electrophoretic mobility after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), by its ability to hydrolyze h-d-phenylalanyl-l-piperyl-l-arginyl-rho-nitroanilide, and by inhibition of its activi ... | 1987 | 3322404 |
| blood venom antigen levels after malayan pit viper bite. | 2012 | 3445336 | |
| randomized comparative trial of three monospecific antivenoms for bites by the malayan pit viper (calloselasma rhodostoma) in southern thailand: clinical and laboratory correlations. | three monospecific antivenoms for malayan pit viper (mpv) (calloselasma rhodostoma) were compared in southern thailand, where this species is the most common cause of snake bite morbidity. forty-six patients with proved mpv bites and incoagulable blood, indicating systemic envenoming, were randomly allocated for treatment with thai red cross (trc), thai government pharmaceutical organization (gpo), or twyford pharmaceutical monospecific antivenoms. both gpo and twyford antivenoms produced rapid ... | 1986 | 3538922 |
| ancrod decreases the frequency of cyclic flow variations and causes thrombolysis following acute coronary thrombosis. | the potential use of ancrod, a purified isolate from the venom of the malaysian pit viper, agkistrodon rhodostoma, in decreasing the frequency of cyclic flow variations in severely stenosed canine coronary arteries and causing thrombolysis of an acute coronary thrombus induced by a copper coil was evaluated. open-chest, anesthetized dogs were used. ancrod was given intravenously (8 u/kg) over 1 hour and caused a significant reduction in the frequency of cyclic flow variations (5.8 +/- 0.7 to 3.6 ... | 1987 | 3565240 |
| characterization of a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor from agkistrodon rhodostoma snake venom. | by means of cm-sephadex c-50 column chromatography and gel filtration on sephadex g-75 and g-50 columns, a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor was purified and characterized. it was a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 31,000. it was devoid of phospholipase a, adpase, esterase and fibrino(geno)lytic activities. it inhibited dose-dependently the aggregation of washed platelets induced by collagen, thrombin, sodium arachidonate, platelet activating factor and ionophore a23187 with a similar ... | 1987 | 3620499 |
| clinical significance of venom antigen levels in patients envenomed by the malayan pit viper (calloselasma rhodostoma). | serial venom antigen levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 46 patients with systemic envenoming by the malayan pit viper (calloselasma rhodostoma), a major cause of snake bite in southeast asia. the principal effects of the venom are defibrination, hemorrhage and local tissue necrosis. admission venom levels, which varied between 0 and 595 ng/ml, correlated with the incidence of spontaneous systemic bleeding, blood incoagulability and concentrations of plasma fibri ... | 1986 | 3706625 |
| enzymatic activities of calloselasma rhodostoma (malayan pit viper) venom. | the enzyme contents of four venom samples of calloselasma rhodostoma were analyzed. the venoms contained phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, 5'-nucleotidase, protease, phospholipase a, l-amino acid oxidase, hyaluronidase, arginine ester hydrolase, arginine amidase, fibrinogenase and coagulant enzyme activities. there is significant variation in the contents of coagulant enzyme, arginine ester hydrolase, hyaluronidase, protease, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and l-a ... | 1986 | 3750351 |
| purification and characterization of a platelet aggregation inducer from calloselasma rhodostoma (malayan pit viper) snake venom. | a potent platelet aggregation inducer was purified from calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom by sephadex g-75, cm-sephadex c-50 and sephacryl s-300 column chromatography. it was homogeneous as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with a molecular weight estimated to be 28,160 +/- 1280. it was devoid of phospholipase a2, fibrino(geno)lytic and thrombin-like activities. the venom inducer elicited platelet aggregation and the serotonin release reaction in rabbit plate ... | 1986 | 3775783 |
| detection of specific proenzyme activators in snake venoms by a new immunoabsorbant-chromogenic substrate method. | in separate experiments, antibodies to plasminogen, factor x and protein c were applied to microtitre trays as commonly used in enzyme-linked immunoassays. after incubation with dilute normal human plasma as a source of the corresponding proenzyme antigen, the wells were exposed to dilutions of various snake venoms. after thorough washing, the microtitre tray wells were tested overnight with chromogenic tripeptide substrates known to be relatively specific for the activated forms of the above fa ... | 1985 | 3841012 |
| inhibition of rabbit platelet aggregation by alpha-fibrinogenase purified from calloselasma rhodostoma (malayan pit viper) venom. | 1985 | 3868694 | |
| ancrod: normalization of fibrinolytic enzyme abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. | ancrod is a thrombinlike enzyme from malayan pit viper (agkistrodon rhodostoma) venom that has a selective enzyme substrate specificity for fibrinogen. unlike thrombin, it splits only fibrinopeptide a from the fibrinogen molecule and does not activate factor xiii. simultaneously with the occurrence of hypofibrinogenemia there is a reduction of plasma plasminogen and a rise in fibrin degradation products, suggesting secondary recruitment of the fibrinolytic enzyme system. ancrod was given to 18 p ... | 1985 | 3871465 |
| catalytic properties of ancrod, the thrombin-like proteinase from the malayan pit viper (agkistrodon rhodostoma) venom. | kinetics for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters of n-alpha-carbobenzoxy-l-amino acids catalyzed by ancrod were determined between ph 5 and 10 (i = 0.1 m) at 21 +/- 0.5 degrees c; the results are consistent with the minimum three-step mechanism: (formula: see text) for all substrates examined, the ph profiles of kcat and/or kcat/km reflect the ionization of two groups with pka values ranging between 6.9 and 7.2, and 9.3 and 9.6 (probably, the histidine residue involved in the catalytic triad ... | 1985 | 3924103 |
| studies on type specific immunity to the whole venom and a fraction of agkistrodon rhodostoma. | 1971 | 4109789 | |
| pharmacology and toxicology of a defibrinating substance from malayan pit viper venom. | 1968 | 4170830 | |
| anticoagulant therapy with a purified fraction of malayan pit viper venom. | 1968 | 4170832 | |
| [possibilities of the clinical use of a purified fraction of agkistrodon rhodostoma venom in anticoagulant therapy]. | 1974 | 4437809 | |
| [anticoagulant activity of agkistrodon rhodostoma venom]. | 1974 | 4448047 | |
| studies on the coagulant enzyme from agkistrodon rhodostoma venom. isolation and some properties of the enzyme. | 1. arvin, a commercial preparation of the coagulant activity from the venom of agkistrodon rhodostoma, is shown to contain a non-coagulant caseinolytic fraction. 2. a method is described for the purification of the coagulant enzyme free from any detectable contaminating protein. 3. the coagulant enzyme is identified as a glycoprotein which probably consists of a single polypeptide chain containing approx. 29% by weight of carbohydrate. amino acid and carbohydrate analyses are reported and the n- ... | 1973 | 4737326 |
| caseinolytic and esteratic activities of malayan pit viper venom and its proteolytic and thrombin-like fractions. | 1974 | 4859238 | |
| the effect of malayan pit-viper (agkistroden rhodostoma) venom on ovine blood and the development of resistance to the anticoagulant activity of this venom. | 1972 | 5043135 | |
| plasma fibrinogen recovery rate after administration of malayan pit viper venom extracts in nonstressed and surgically stressed animals. | 1972 | 5055800 | |
| studies on the active site of irc-50 arvin, the purified coagulant enzyme from agkistrodon rhodostoma venom. | 1972 | 5063566 | |
| antithrombotic effect of malayan pit viper venom on experimental thrombosis of the inferior vena cava produced by a new method. | 1966 | 5332583 | |
| isotopic studies of therapeutic anticoagulation with a coagulating enzyme. | the kinetics of the depletion of plasma fibrinogen were studied in seven patients who received fibrinogen-(131)i 1 hr before an intravenous injection of the coagulating enzyme (ce) derived from the venom of the pit viper, agkistrodon rhodostoma. disappearance of the clottable radioactivity labeled fibrinogen from the circulation conformed to an exponential decay with an average half-life of 0.85 hr. the mean clearance rate for protein-bound radioactivity, composed of fibrinogen and it's split pr ... | 1970 | 5456799 |
| the effect of intraperitoneal malayan pit-viper venom on adhesion formation and peritoneal healing. | 1970 | 5482314 | |
| the proteolytic action of arvin on human fibrinogen. | 1. human fibrinogen was subjected to proteolysis by enzyme preparations (clinical arvin and irc-50 arvin) from the venom of agkistrodon rhodostoma. 2. irc-50 arvin releases three peptides from fibrinogen, and these were identified as fibrinopeptides ap, ay and a. 3. the less purified ;clinical' arvin releases, in addition to fibrinopeptides ap, ay and a, small amounts of two heptapeptides derived from fibrinopeptides ap and a, probably because it contains another enzyme as well as arvin. 4. no f ... | 1970 | 5529716 |
| the modification of experimental occlusive arterial thrombosis in the rat by malayan pit viper venom. | 1968 | 5652231 | |
| [kalicephalus, parasite of the viper, agkistrodon rhodostoma b, of south vietnam]. | 2013 | 5756662 | |
| in vivo behaviour of the coagulant enzyme from agkistrodon rhodostoma venom: studies using 131-i-'arvin'. | 1969 | 5802494 | |
| the comparison of the antitomboc action of the thrombin-like fraction of malayan pit viper venom and heparin. | 1969 | 5821043 | |
| a study of the coagulant properties of malayan pit-viper venom. | 1965 | 5856663 | |
| in vivo effects of agkistrodon rhodostoma venom: studies with fibrinogen-131i. | 1966 | 5967698 | |
| molecular cloning of cdna for the alpha, beta, and gamma chains of rat fibrinogen. a family of coordinately regulated genes. | recently, we have found that defibrination of rats with malayan pit viper venom induces a 10-38-fold increase in the levels of translatable fibrinogen mrna in the liver. we have used this response to obtain cdna clones for the three polypeptide chains of rat fibrinogen. a large cdna library was created in pbr322 from induced rat liver polyadenylated rna by the poly(dg, dc)-tailing method. part of this library was screened using colony hybridization with [32p]cdna prepared from induced and nonind ... | 1981 | 6169715 |
| a double antibody sandwich micro-elisa kit for the rapid diagnosis of snake bite. | a micro elisa assay was established to diagnose systemic poisoning for the rapid administration of specific antivenom. rabbit anti venom igg was bound to the solid phase to enable detection of venom from both the malayan pit viper (agkistrodon rhodostoma) and the common cobra (naja naja). this assay is read visually and takes 35 to 45 minutes to perform. it can detect 15.6 ng/ml of viper venom in 75 minutes and 7.8 ng/ml of cobra venom in 55 minutes. tests on sera from snake bite patients showed ... | 1983 | 6658505 |
| alpha-fibrinogenase from agkistrodon rhodostoma (malayan pit viper) snake venom. | by means of deae-sephadex a-50 column chromatography, agkistrodon rhodostoma (malayan pit viper) snake venom was separated into eleven fractions. fraction ii had fibrinogenolytic activity, and when further purified by gel filtration was homogeneous, as judged by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. it had a single peptide chain with a molecular weight of 25,360 and an isoelectric point greater than 10. the fibrinogenolytic activity was completely destroyed after heating for ... | 1983 | 6845384 |
| thrombin-induced lung vascular injury. roles of fibrinogen and fibrinolysis. | we examined the contributions of fibrin and the fibrinolytic mechanism in mediating the thrombin-induced lung vascular injury. studies were made in sheep in which alterations in lung transvascular fluid and protein exchange were assessed using the lung lymph fistula preparation. group i(n = 10) control sheep in which left atrial pressure was raised to increase pulmonary lymph flow (qlym); group ii(n = 8) control sheep in which thrombin was infused intravenously (58.3 +/- 12.6 u/kg) to induce pul ... | 1983 | 6870068 |
| coordinate accumulation of the mrnas for the alpha, beta, and gamma chains of rat fibrinogen following defibrination. | cell-free translation and hybridization to cloned cdna probes were used to study variations in fibrinogen mrna levels in the livers of rats injected with malayan pit viper venom and glucocorticoids. animals defibrinated with malayan pit viper venom showed a rapid and substantial increase in the relative abundance of hepatic mrnas for the a alpha, b beta, and gamma chains of fibrinogen. the onset, rate, and maximal extent of message accumulation were virtually identical for each of the three fibr ... | 1982 | 6896326 |
| envenomation by a juvenile malayan pit viper (agkistrodon rhodostoma). | following an accidental bite inflicted by a juvenile malayan pit viper (agkistrodon rhodostoma), the progress of envenomation was carefully monitored and subsequent laboratory work performed to determine the amount and quality of venom injected. even a very small amount of venom from this species is capable of inducing noticeable local symptoms including edema, subcutaneous bleeding, and throbbing. constitutional symptoms were present but minimal. the extent of inflammation present at any given ... | 1980 | 7398218 |
| aggretin, a novel platelet-aggregation inducer from snake (calloselasma rhodostoma) venom, activates phospholipase c by acting as a glycoprotein ia/iia agonist. | a potent platelet aggregation inducer, aggretin, was purified from malayan-pit-viper (calloselasma rhodostoma) venom by ionic-exchange chromatography, gel-filtration chromatography and hplc. it is a heterodimeric protein (29 kda) devoid of esterase, phospholipase a and thrombin-like activity. aggretin (> 5 nm) elicited platelet aggregation with a lag period in both human platelet-rich plasma and washed platelet suspension. edta (5 mm), prostaglandin e1 (1 microm) and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid ... | 1995 | 7639679 |
| the antiplatelet activity of ancrod on administration to rabbits. | ancrod, a thrombin-like enzyme purified from the venom of calloselasma rhodostoma, was administered to rabbits intravenously, and blood samples were obtained at 1, 3, 6, 10, and 24 hours after infusion. ancrod caused a rapid and sustained defibrinogenation within the first 6 hours, with production of fibrinogen degradation products (fdps) peaking at 1 hour and declining to background level at 6 hours. no significant changes in platelet count, white cell count, or hematocrit was observed. citrate ... | 1995 | 7706907 |
| action of calloselasma rhodostoma (malayan pit viper) venom on human blood coagulation and fibrinolysis using computerized thromboelastography (cteg). | the effects of malayan pit viper (calloselasma rhodostoma) venom on human blood coagulation and fibrinolysis were studied in vitro using computerized thromboelastography. at low concentrations the venom had a coagulant effect shown by faster onset of the coagulation process (shortened sp and r), faster progress of the clot (increased angle and shortened k), and increased coagulation (teg) index. the maximum amplitude (ma) was not affected, suggesting that the venom had no apparent effect on plat ... | 1994 | 7725330 |
| an investigation on the antigenic cross-reactivity of calloselasma rhodostoma (malayan pit viper) venom hemorrhagin, thrombin-like enzyme and l-amino acid oxidase using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | indirect elisa shows that the antibodies to calloselasma rhodostoma venom hemorrhagin (cr-hmg), thrombin-like enzyme (cr-tle) and l-amino acid oxidase (cr-laao) exhibited strong to moderate cross-reactions with most crotalid and viperid venoms, but only anti-cr-laao cross-reacted with the elapid venoms. however, the indirect elisa failed to detect some antigenic similarities demonstrable by cross-neutralization study. the double-sandwich elisa for the three anti-c. rhodostoma venom components ex ... | 1994 | 7846697 |
| nucleotide sequence of a full-length cdna encoding a common precursor of platelet aggregation inhibitor and hemorrhagic protein from calloselasma rhodostoma venom. | the nucleotide sequence of a full-length cdna encoding the common precursor of a platelet aggregation inhibitor, rhodostomin and a hemorrhagic protein from calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom is presented. the 1.98-kb cdna contains an open reading frame encoding 478 amino acid residues. the complete structure of the precursor protein encoded by the cdna is elucidated. | 1993 | 7916635 |
| ancrod infusion for anticoagulation during and after ptca in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. | ancrod is a rapid-acting defibrinogenating agent derived from the venom of the malayan pit viper which has been used successfully as an alternative to heparin sulfate for anticoagulation during peripheral vascular procedures and coronary artery bypass surgery. we describe the first use of ancrod for anticoagulation before and during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (ptca) in a patient with heparin-associated thrombocytopenia. | 1994 | 7954782 |
| isolation of multiple isoforms of alpha-fibrinogenase from the western diamondback rattlesnake, crotalus atrox: n-terminal sequence homology with ancrod, an antithrombotic agent from malayan viper. | three fibrinogenolytic proteases from the rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) venom were isolated and purified from multiple-step chromatographies including ion-exchange chromatography, gel permeation and reversed-phase hplc. the fractions were shown to be homogeneous as judged by sds-gel electrophoresis. in vitro, they also showed a high and specific proteolytic activity against alpha-chains of fibrinogen molecules. further characterization of these purified fractions with fibrinogenase activity indic ... | 1994 | 8024586 |
| purification and properties of the l-amino acid oxidase from malayan pit viper (calloselasma rhodostoma) venom. | the l-amino acid oxidase of malayan pit viper (calloselasma rhodostoma) venom was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. the molecular weight of the enzyme was 132,000 as determined by sephadex g-200 gel filtration chromatography and 66,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. it is a glycoprotein, has an isoelectric point of 4.4, and contains 2 mol of flavin mononucleotide per mole of enzyme. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was a-d-d-r-n ... | 1994 | 8080286 |
| isolation and characterization of a hemorrhagin from the venom of calloselasma rhodostoma (malayan pit viper). | the major hemorrhagin (termed rhodostoxin) of the venom of calloselasma rhodostoma (malayan pit viper) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by sephadex g-200 gel filtration followed by high performance ion exchange chromatography. the purified hemorrhagin also yielded a single peak in reversed-phase hplc. it had an isoelectric point of 5.3 and a mol. wt of 34,000. rhodostoxin exhibited potent proteolytic, hemorrhagic and edema-inducing activities but was not lethal to mice at a dose of 6 ... | 1993 | 8212052 |
| antiplatelet protease, kistomin, selectively cleaves human platelet glycoprotein ib. | kistomin, a metalloprotease purified from venom of calloselasma rhodostoma, dose- and time-dependently prolonged the latent period of aggregation and inhibited atp secretion of human washed platelets stimulated by thrombin. it inhibited aggregation induced by low concentrations of thrombin (< or = 0.2 u/ml) whereas it had only slight effect on aggregation induced by high concentrations of thrombin (> or = 0.5 u/ml). meanwhile it also inhibited ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation in a dose- a ... | 1993 | 8251530 |
| glycosylation of the thrombin-like serine protease ancrod from agkistrodon rhodostoma venom. oligosaccharide substitution pattern at each n-glycosylation site. | in a previous study, we determined the structures of the glycans present in ancrod, a thrombin-like serine protease from the venom of the malayan pit viper agkistrodon rhodostoma (pfeiffer et al. (1992) eur j biochem 205:961-78). in order to allocate the various carbohydrate chains to distinct n-glycosylation sites of the molecule, we have now isolated individual glycopeptides. peptide moieties were identified after deglycosylation with peptide-n4-(n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase f ... | 1993 | 8257853 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cdna for ancrod, a thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of calloselasma rhodostoma. | the 1.54 kb cdna for ancrod, a thrombin-like enzyme, was cloned from a lambda zap cdna library derived from the venom glands of calloselasma (agkistrodon) rhodostoma. the cdna sequence reveals that ancrod is synthesized as a pre-zymogen of 258 amino acids, including a putative secretory peptide of 18 amino acids and a proposed zymogen peptide of 6 amino-acid residues. the amino-acid sequence of the predicted active form of the enzyme exhibits a high degree of sequence similarity to those of mamm ... | 1993 | 8373353 |
| kistrin, an integrin antagonist, blocks endocytosis of fibrinogen into guinea pig megakaryocyte and platelet alpha-granules. | recent data indicate that megakaryocyte/platelet alpha-granule fibrinogen is endocytosed from plasma. because fibrinogen is the major platelet protein present in high concentrations in alpha-granules, fibrinogen uptake into alpha-granules may occur via specific receptors. in that cells of the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage contain two integrins--alpha iib beta 3 (gp iib-iiia) and the vitronectin receptor (alpha v beta 3)--that can bind fibrinogen, one or both of these receptors may mediate the e ... | 1993 | 8423218 |