Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| temperature-induced changes in blood acid-base status in the alligator, alligator mississipiensis. | gas exchange and arterial blood acid-base status were measured in 13 conscious alligators, alligator mississipiensis, at 15, 25, and 35 degrees c. arterial ph decreased by 0.250 units (from 7.635 to 7.385) and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure increased by 11.4 torr (from 11.8 to 23.2) as body temperature increased from 15 to 35 degrees c. no statistically significant changes occurred in arterial bicarbonate concentration. when oh-/h+ and alpha-imidazole were compared at each temperature, ... | 1978 | 32163 |
| treatment of traumatic perforative fractures of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinus in an american alligator. | 1999 | 93825 | |
| fatal mycotic pulmonary disease of captive american alligators. | fatal pulmonary disease occurred in two captive american alligators. the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, was isolated from pulmonary lesions in both alligators. an extended hibernation period because of a severe winter and a failure of the zoo heating system may have predisposed the alligators to infection. | 1979 | 452316 |
| isolation of aeromonas hydrophila from the american alligator, alligator mississippiensis. | aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from the internal organs of nine adult alligators, alligator mississippiensis, which died without apparent cause, suggesting the bacterium may have been a factor. one hundred and twenty-three alligators ranging in age from six months to over 10 years were captured from five locations in the southeastern united states and sampled for a. hydrophila. the bacterium was isolated from the oral cavity of 85% of the animals, on the external jaw area from over 50% and fr ... | 1979 | 480514 |
| cleavage of the taurine conjugate of 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid by rat fecal bacteria. | this paper describes a method for the hydrolysis of the taurine conjugates of the 25r and the 25s diastereoisomers of 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid (thca) with retention of original configuration of c-25. rat fecal suspensions were incubated with the taurine conjugate of thca for 5 and 60% of the free thca was recovered. when bile from alligator mississippiensis, which contains mostly the taurine conjugate of thca, was analyzed by this method, thca was obtained ... | 1979 | 500682 |
| water-vapor conductance of testudinian and crocodilian eggs (class reptilia). | flexible-shelled eggs of snapping turtles (chelydra serpentina) have conductances to water vapor that are 55 times higher than predicted for avian eggs of similar size, whereas rigid-shelled eggs of softshell turtles (trionyx spiniferus) and american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) have conductances that are only five times higher than expected for comparable eggs of birds. the differences between empirical and predicted values result from the much higher effective pore areas in reptilia ... | 1979 | 515558 |
| fatal beauveria bassiana infection in a captive american alligator. | the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, was isolated from pulmonary lesions of a dead american alligator (alligator mississipiensis) at the oklahoma city zoo. colonies of the fungus, which had sporulated in vivo, were found in the thoracic air spaces. septate, branching hyphae and fungal spores were seen in stained histologic sections of pleura and lung. dissemination to other viscera had not occurred. this case indicated that b bassiana, a rare vertebrate pathogen, may be a fatal mycot ... | 1979 | 521377 |
| excision of bilateral digital masses from an american alligator. | 1979 | 521388 | |
| the american alligator (alligator mississipiensis): a new model for investigating developmental mechanisms in normal and abnormal palate formation. | despite numerous investigations, there are still many unsolved problems concerning normal and abnormal palatal development. the american alligator is here put forward as a new model for the investigation of a variety of developmental phenomena associated with palatogenesis. the structure of the palate of the adult alligator is reported. this animal exhibits a unique combination of reptilian and mammalian features in its craniofacial anatomy and so its craniofacial development should be of consid ... | 1979 | 522694 |
| cutaneous blood flow during heating and cooling in the american alligator. | nine alligators, alligator mississippiensis, were injected with 133xe and the clearance half times measured in response to heating and cooling. mean half times for thermostable, heating, and cooling conditions were 12.2, 8.6, and 28.3 min, respectively, indicating cutaneous vasodilation in response to local heating and reduced blood flow during cooling. alterations of cutaneous blood flow occurred before changes in body temperature or heart rate. warming portions of the animal while shading the ... | 1978 | 696854 |
| the parasite fauna of the american alligator (alligator mississippiensis) in south carolina. | twelve american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) were obtained from three different areas of south carolina. one species of pentastome (sebekia oxycephala), two species of nematodes (dujardinascaris waltoni and multicaecum tenuicolle), four species of trematodes (polycotyle ornata, acanthostomum coronarium, archaeodiplostomum acetabulatum and pseudocrocodilicola americaniense) and one species of hemogregarine (haemogregarina crocodilnorum) were recovered. polycotyle ornata was observed on ... | 1978 | 739582 |
| cutaneous heat flow during heating and cooling in alligator mississipiensis. | direct in vivo measurement of heat flow across the skin of the american alligator (alligator mississipiensis) showed increased heat flow during warming. mean values at 25 degrees c during warming (15-35 degrees c) in air (airspeed 300 cm/s) were 17.9 +/- 92 se cal/cm2 per h (mean alligator wt 3.27 kg). cooling heat flow at the same temperature was 13.6 +/- 0.57 cal/cm2 per h. subdermal heat flow was reduced during warming and was not significantly different from cutaneous heat flow during coolin ... | 1976 | 818906 |
| genic homozygosity in an ancient reptile (alligator mississippiensis). | proteins assayed electrophoretically showed variation at only three of 49 presumed genetic loci in alligators from southwestern louisiana. average heterozygosity per individual was 0.021+/-0.012; proportion of polymorphic loci was 0.06. data on the history, structure, and ecology of this alligator population are consistent with natural selection as the primary factor accounting for this low genetic variability. however, neither a historic population bottleneck nor some genetic mechanism limiting ... | 1977 | 921737 |
| vocalization in juvenile crocodilians. | evidence is presented that the grunts and distress calls of juvenile alligators (alligator mississipiensis) are examples of graded calls, which are given in different form depending largely on contest. representative sonagrams of the distress calls of three other species of crocodilians (caiman crocodilus, crocodylus niloticus, and crocodylus siamensis) are presented and compared with sonagrams of alligator distress calls. these findings are discussed in light of current knowledge of the bioacou ... | 1977 | 930443 |
| plasma amino acids in reptiles after feeding protein or amino acids and after injecting amino acids. | turtles (pseudemys scripta elegans) and alligators (alligator mississipiensis) were fed fish, casein, or free amino acid mixtures, or were injected with free amino acid mixtures, quantities in each case being equivalent to about 42 mmoles of amino acids/kg body weight. the experiments were designed to determine whether protein synthesis normally precedes catabolism of the amino acids absorbed from digesting food. both animals disposed of free or food-derived amino acids more rapidly than could b ... | 1976 | 939990 |
| free amino acids in crocodilians fed proteins of different biological value. | changes in plasma levels of amino acids derived from fed protein were determined by feeding crocodilians (caiman crocodilus crocodilus and alligator mississipiensis) 7.5 g protein/kg body weight and by monitoring the plasma free amino acids for several days. zein and several other vegetable proteins produced no rise in plasma amino acids and were excreted intact in the feces. casein and fish muscle were rapidly digested but produced little rise in plasma amino acids, and the increases showed no ... | 1975 | 1127472 |
| amphibious behavior of alligator mississippiensis: roles of a circadian rhythm and light. | juvenile american alligators in outdoor pens moved out of and into the water at sunrise and sunset, respectively. when the natural light cycle was extended with artificial illumination, these movements gradually shifted into phase with the altered light cycles; therefore, the amphibious behavior was modulated by a circadian rhythm cued by light. movement between land and water was characterized by a decrease in body temperature, which suggests that it is was not simply a proximate heat-seeking r ... | 1976 | 1251194 |
| further studies on the chemical nature of reptilian gonadotropins: fsh and lh in the american alligator and green sea turtle. | 1976 | 1260093 | |
| structural characterization of tachykinins (neuropeptide gamma, neurokinin a, and substance p) from a reptile, alligator mississipiensis. | an extract of the whole brain of the alligator (alligator mississipiensis) contained very high concentrations of substance p-like immunoreactivity (405 pmol/g wet tissue) and neurokinin a-like immunoreactivity (514 pmol/g), as measured with antisera raised against the mammalian peptides. the primary structure of alligator substance p was established as: arg-pro-arg-pro-gln-gln-phe-phe-gly-leu-met-nh2. this sequence is the same as that of chicken substance p and shows one substitution (arg for ly ... | 1992 | 1282482 |
| effects of vagotomy on ventilatory responses to co2 in alligators. | reptiles increase ventilation during hypercapnia at a constant temperature. in this study, the contributions of vagal vs non-vagal receptors to co2 ventilatory responses were investigated in 16 sedated alligator mississippiensis (25 mg/kg pentobarbital; 3 days prior to data collection). four animals served as controls to assess the effects of time and/or anesthetic drift on ventilation and blood gases; significant ventilatory drift was not detected during the observation period. the effects of b ... | 1992 | 1313182 |
| a new method for obtaining electrocardiograms in unrestrained crocodilian reptiles. | a new procedure is described for acquiring measurements of electrocardiographic parameters in unrestrained crocodilians. these measurements are difficult to obtain in freely moving animals; hence, electrocardiographic activity under natural conditions has not been previously quantified. in this investigation, twelve american alligators were equipped with subcutaneous electrodes. the lead wires were sutured to each animal's skin and the extracutaneous wires coiled and held in place against the an ... | 1992 | 1316516 |
| effects of converting enzyme inhibition and alpha receptor blockade on the angiotensin pressor response in the american alligator. | this study examines the effects of two converting enzyme inhibitors (captopril and enalaprilat) and two alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine) on the pressor response produced by exogenous angiotensin i ([asp1, val5, ser9] ang i, fowl) and [val5] angiotensin ii (ang ii) in the american alligator (alligator mississippiensis). bolus administration of ang i at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 micrograms/kg; ang ii at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 micrograms/kg; or norepinephrine (ne) at 2 ... | 1992 | 1352511 |
| detection of prodynorphin end products in lizard, turtle, and alligator brain extracts. | heterologous radioimmunoassays (rias) for the mammalian prodynorphin end products, alpha-neo-endorphin, dynorphin a(1-17), dynorphin a(1-8), and dynorphin b(1-13) were used to screen brain extracts obtained from representatives of the major surviving orders of reptiles: chelonia (pseudemys scripta), squamata (anolis carolinensis), and crocodylia (alligator mississippiensis). methanol/acid extracts of whole brains obtained from each species were separately fractionated by gel filtration chromatog ... | 2010 | 1355904 |
| cloning and expression analysis of two zfy-related zinc finger genes from alligator mississippiensis, a species with temperature-dependent sex determination. | in order to investigate the molecular mechanism of temperature-dependent sex determination, a human zinc finger gene (zfy), known to be highly conserved amongst other species, was used to isolate homologues from the genome of the american alligator, alligator mississippiensis. zfy was originally a candidate for the primary testis-determining gene in man, but is now thought to function further down the sex-determining cascade. two alligator genes are described, zfc and znc6. both code for zinc fi ... | 1992 | 1398103 |
| purification and biological activity of alligator bradykinin. | incubation of plasma form the alligator (alligator mississipiensis) with glass beads in the presence of a kininase inhibitor resulted in the activation of the kallikrein-kinin system and generation of bradykinin-like immunoreactivity. the kinin peptides were purified to homogeneity and were shown to comprise [thr6]-bradykinin and des-arg9[thr6]bradykinin in the molar ratio of approximately 10:1. bolus injections of synthetic [thr6]bradykinin into the jugular vein of the anesthetized alligator re ... | 1992 | 1510179 |
| synthesis of 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid from 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid: configuration in the bile of alligator mississippiensis. | synthesis of 25r- and 25s-diastereoisomers of 3 alpha,7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid from 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid is described. the 25s-diastereoisomer of 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan- 26-oic acid was obtained by vigorous hydrolysis of the bile of alligator mississippiensis followed by repeated crystallization of the hydrolysate, and the 25r-diastereoisomer was isolated by hydrolysis of the bile salts in bile of a m ... | 1992 | 1519259 |
| alligators provide evidence for the evolution of an archosaurian mode of oviparity. | the female reproductive tract of birds is different from that of other oviparous amniotes in that the eggshell membranes and calcareous layer are formed in separate regions of the uterus; the isthmus and shell gland, respectively. phylogenetically, birds are included among the archosaurs, along with crocodilians and dinosaurs. many dinosaurs were oviparous, producing hard-shelled eggs, yet the reproductive system of dinosaurs has proven difficult to investigate, due to poor preservation of soft ... | 1992 | 1547315 |
| the pressor response to exogenous angiotensin i and its blockade by angiotensin ii analogues in the american alligator. | we examined the pressor response to exogenous, nonnative angiotensin i (ang i; bullfrog, turtle, and fowl) in the conscious american alligator, alligator mississippiensis. in addition, the inhibitory effects of three ang ii analogues ([sar1, ala8], [sar1, thr8], and [sar1, ile8]ang ii) on the pressor responses to angiotensin i (fowl ang i, [asp1, val5, ser9]) were also examined. intravenous administration of bullfrog, turtle, and fowl ang i at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 micrograms/kg produced dose-depend ... | 1992 | 1624094 |
| pulmonary gas exchange during intermittent ventilation in the american alligator. | the present study characterized pulmonary gas exchange in the american alligator, alligator mississipiensis during ventilation and apnea at a body temperature (tb) of 25 degrees c. pulmonary gas exchange parameters were measured on a breath-by-breath basis utilizing a computer-assisted data acquisition system. in addition, paired blood samples were analyzed from left and right atrium during ventilation and voluntary apneas (1, 2, 5 and 10 min). measurements of lung po2 and pco2 indicated that as ... | 2013 | 1626141 |
| the fine structure and elemental analysis of keratinized epithelium of the filiform papillae analysis on the dorsal tongue in the american alligator (alligator mississippiensis). | the filiform papillae of subadult alligator (120 cm-260 cm total length) tongues are examined by scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. the filiform papillae form cone-like structures and are observed over the entire dorsal surface of a relatively long tongue with a round tip. the filiform papillae are composed of four layers; outer, upper intermediate, lower intermediate, and basal layer. the keratinized epithelial cells are analysed by the sulphur (s), and nitrogen (n) ... | 1990 | 1692402 |
| microsomal activation of benzo[a]pyrene by alligator mississippiensis: mechanisms, mutagenicity and induction. | 1991 | 1783208 | |
| the effects of norethindrone on the mullerian ducts of the american alligator. | norethindrone, a reported aromatase inhibitor, has been used to examine the role of estrogens in the unilateral regression of the mullerian ducts that occurs in female chick embryos. the mullerian ducts are embryonic oviducts that regress in most male vertebrates under the influence of the testicular hormone, mullerian inhibiting substance (mis). the ovaries of the chick also produce mis during early development, but only the right duct regresses. based on the finding that the left duct contains ... | 1991 | 1783275 |
| primary structure of two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from brains of the american alligator (alligator mississippiensis). | two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) have been purified from brains of the american alligator, alligator mississippiensis, using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc). the concentration of total gnrh was 8.8 ng/g of frozen brain tissue or 21.1 ng per brain. the amino acid sequence of each form of gnrh was determined using automated edman degradation. the presence of the n-terminal pglu residue was established by digestion studies with bovine pyroglutamyl aminopep ... | 1991 | 1882082 |
| time course of temperature effects on arterial acid-base status in alligator mississippiensis. | temperature effects on extracellular acid-base status in terrestrial poikilotherms are well known. comparatively less is known concerning the time course of acid-base responses to prolonged changes in temperature. in this study, two questions were addressed: (1) what is the time course of acid-base responses to a temperature change of 5 days duration in alligator mississippiensis?; and (2) what are the relative contributions of respiratory vs metabolic (strong ion) processes to the acid-base res ... | 1991 | 1902966 |
| inositol phosphate formation in uterine tissue from two species of reptiles is stimulated by arginine vasotocin and influenced by stage of reproduction. | phosphoinositide hydrolysis, resulting in inositol trisphosphate (ip3) and diacylglycerol (dg) formation, has been implicated in oxytocin-stimulated pulsatile secretion of prostaglandin f2 alpha (pgf2 alpha) from uterine endometrium of sheep and other mammals. in reptiles, arginine vasotocin (avt) stimulates uterine secretion of pgf2 alpha. these studies investigated the ability of avt to stimulate incorporation of [3h]inositol into inositol mono-, bis-, and trisphosphates in two reptilian speci ... | 1991 | 1936930 |
| size-dependent pigmentation-pattern formation in embryos of alligator mississippiensis: time of initiation of pattern generation mechanism. | the pigmentation pattern of alligator mississippiensis was examined. the number of white stripes on the dorsal side of embryos (stages 21-28) and hatchlings from eggs incubated at 30 degrees c (100% females) and 33 degrees c (100% males) was recorded. total length, nape-rump length and tail length were recorded for each embryo and hatchling. the number of white stripes was affected by incubation temperature but not sex; hatchlings incubated at 33 degrees c had two more white stripes than those a ... | 1990 | 1972793 |
| essential fatty acid nutrition of the american alligator (alligator mississippiensis). | the essential fatty acid (efa) nutrition of young american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) was examined by feeding a variety of fats/oils with potential efa activity. over a 12-wk period, alligators fed diets containing 2.5 or 5.0% chicken liver oil grew longer and heavier and converted feed to body mass more efficiently than alligators fed other fat/oil combinations that lacked or contained only trace amounts of arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)]. alligators fed an efa-deficient diet (contain ... | 1990 | 2114472 |
| development of the dentition in alligator mississippiensis: upper jaw dental and craniofacial development in embryos, hatchlings, and young juveniles, with a comparison to lower jaw development. | development of the upper dentition in alligator mississippiensis was investigated using a close series of accurately staged and aged embryos, hatchlings, and young juveniles up to 11 days posthatching, as well as some young and old adult specimens. studies from scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, acetate and computer reconstructions, radiography and macroscopy were combined to elucidate the details of embryonic dental development, tooth initiation pattern, dentitional growth, and eru ... | 1990 | 2353674 |
| protein and energy relationships in the diet of the american alligator (alligator mississippiensis). | first-year alligators (alligator mississippiensis) averaging 377-857 g body weight were fed diets containing various levels of protein, fat and carbohydrate. in experiment 1, nine diets arranged in a centrally rotatable composite design contained 0-36% extruded corn and 4-20% total fat. response surface analysis predicted maximum responses in performance criteria at 6.3-18.8% corn and 15.8-27.4% fat. corn inclusion at up to 27-36% of diet resulted in equal or improved performance compared to car ... | 1990 | 2366112 |
| brain-stem auditory evoked potentials in the alligator. effects of temperature and hypoxia. | brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (baeps) were recorded from young alligators (alligator mississippiensis), and the effects of hypothermia, hyperthermia and hypoxia on the wave forms were determined. the wave form shape was similar to the human baep, although extra waves were routinely seen. the responses were highly repeatable and varied in a predictable manner as a function of stimulus frequency, polarity, intensity, and body temperature. rarefaction clicks produced longer wave form latenc ... | 1987 | 2439283 |
| differential distribution and ultrastructural staining of oxytalan and elastic fibers in the periodontal ligament of alligator mississippiensis. | we have investigated ultrastructural cytochemical properties of elastic elements in alligator periodontal ligaments decalcified with edta and stained with 1) the tannic acid-uranyl acetate (ta-ua) method for elastin in combination with elastase digestion; 2) the high iron diamine-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (hid-tch-sp) method with prior treatment of specimens with either monopersulphate or cupric-sulphite reagent for the localization of disulphide- and/or sulphydryl-containing material ... | 1989 | 2480070 |
| temperature effects on pulmonary receptor responses to airway pressure and co2 in alligator mississippiensis. | the effects of body temperature (tb) on pulmonary stretch receptor (psr) and co2-sensitive intrapulmonary chemoreceptor (ipc) response characteristics may have important effects on ventilatory control in reptiles. in this study, three questions were addressed: (1) what are the effects of tb on psr and ipc responses to airway pressure (paw) and lung co2 (pco2); (2) what are the effects of acute (less than 12 h) vs chronic (greater than 1 week) changes in tb on both receptor groups; and (3) can pr ... | 2008 | 2515569 |
| the effects of estradiol and testosterone on mullerian-duct regression in the american alligator (alligator mississippiensis). | female hatchling alligators were castrated and implanted with a graft of either skeletal muscle tissue or testicular tissue from male hatchlings. following surgery, each female also received a sustained-release pellet (innovative research of america, rockville, md) implanted subcutaneously that delivered one of the following treatments: a control substance (0.1 mg), 17 beta-estradiol (0.01 mg), or testosterone propionate (0.1 mg). treated and final control females were sacrificed 8 weeks after s ... | 2008 | 2583475 |
| mobilization of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium by embryonic alligators (alligator mississippiensis). | the yolk of an alligator (alligator mississippiensis) egg contains approximately 115 mg of ca, 180 mg of p, and 17 mg of mg at oviposition. this compartment is the primary (or sole) source of p and mg for the forming embryo. both of these elements are depleted rapidly from the yolk once the embryo enters the growth phase of development. the yolk also is an important source of ca for the embryo, particularly during the first two-thirds of incubation. during the last trimester of development, howe ... | 1989 | 2604009 |
| patterns of metabolism in embryonic reptiles. | vo2 of eggs of the turtle emydura macquarii, the crocodilian alligator mississipiensis, and the tuatara sphenodon punctatus, were measured throughout incubation. e. macquarii and a. mississipiensis, species in which hatching synchrony may be important, show a decline in vo2 prior to hatching ('peaked' pattern). this is similar to the pattern shown by ratite birds, where the decline period may be variable and facilitates hatching synchrony. the same interpretation is used here for reptiles. hatch ... | 1989 | 2749027 |
| initial antibiotic therapy for alligator bites: characterization of the oral flora of alligator mississippiensis. | an open thumb fracture resulting from an alligator bite became infected with aeromonas hydrophila, enterobacter agglomerans, and citrobacter diversus. the patient was treated by surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy. we obtained cultures from the mouth of ten alligators to characterize their oral flora. initial empiric therapy after alligator bites should be directed at gram-negative species, in particular, aeromonas hydrophila and anaerobic species including clostridium. of the numerous f ... | 1989 | 2783788 |
| form and function of the feeding apparatus of alligator mississippiensis. | the architecture of the jaw muscles and their tendons of alligator mississippiensis is described and their function examined by electromyography. alligator grabs its prey with forward lunges or rapid lateral movements of the head. it does not engage in regular masticatory cycles. prey is manipulated by inertial movements and the tongue does not appear to play any role in transport. the mm. adductor mandibulae externus, adductor mandibulae posterior, and pterygoideus activate bilaterally and simu ... | 1989 | 2810373 |
| ventilation-perfusion relationships in alligators. | we measured v/q distributions with the multiple inert gas elimination technique in five anesthetized artificially ventilated american alligators at 24 degrees c. the overall v/q was relatively high (2.0 to 7.2) because of continuous artificial ventilation. the v/q distributions were usually unimodal (log standard deviation of q distribution averaged 0.47 +/- 0.09 [sd] and there was considerable shunt (28.5 +/- 10.3% of cardiac output). the data are consistent with a pulmonary, rather than centra ... | 1989 | 2813990 |
| the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxygenase (mfo) system of alligator mississippiensis: induction by 3-methylcholanthrene (mc). | 1. pretreatment of alligators i.p. with 3-methylcholanthrene (mc) resulted in a 1.6-fold increase (p less than 0.001) in cytochrome p-450 specific content and a bathochromic shift in the absorption maximum of reduced, co-liganded microsomes (448 nm). 2. control and mc microsomal cytochrome p-450 binding spectra with a number of type i and type ii ligands were similar. 3. mc treatment of alligators resulted in a 12-fold increase in benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity, which was inhibited 82% by 0 ... | 1989 | 2815823 |
| aerobic metabolism of american alligators, alligator mississippiensis, under standard conditions and during voluntary activity. | we measured the rate of consumption of oxygen by alligators in a dry metabolic chamber and in a tank of water where they were free to dive and surface at will at 10-35 degrees c, a range spanning most of the body temperatures experienced by alligators in nature. neither the standard metabolic rate nor the rate of oxygen consumption during one hour of sustained, voluntary activity varied with body mass, month of the year, duration of fasting before measurement, or experimental condition (terrestr ... | 1985 | 2858324 |
| the effect of chronic saline exposure on the electrolyte balance, nitrogen metabolism, and corticosterone titer in the american alligator, alligator mississippiensis. | juvenile alligators were exposed to fresh water, 5, 10, 15 and 20% sea-water for 4 weeks. hematocrit, plasma corticosterone, plasma and urine osmolality, [na+], [k+], [cl-] and uric acid were measured at weekly intervals. although no change was found in plasma nacl at 5%, a significant increase in nacl urine/plasma (u/p) ratio was found; however, no further increase in nacl u/p ratio was found at higher salinities, and plasma nacl increased with salinity. plasma corticosterone increased signific ... | 1985 | 2864163 |
| isolation and partial characterization of a cadmium-binding protein from the liver of alligators exposed to cadmium. | seven american alligators, alligator mississippiensis, were each administered a single, intracardiac injection of cadmium chloride, at a dose of 1.0 mg cd/kg body wt. at sacrifice, the highest concentration of cd was found in the liver, bound to a cytosolic protein with characteristics similar to mammalian metallothionein (mt). gel filtration (sephadex g-75) of the cytosol revealed a peak containing cd and to a lesser extent, zinc (zn), having the same relative elution volume (ve/vo) as rat hepa ... | 1985 | 2865051 |
| the effects of estradiol on plasma calcium and femoral bone structure in alligators (alligator mississippiensis). | the effects of exogenous estradiol on plasma calcium and femoral bone structure were studied in young male and female alligators. males and females responded in the same manner to estrogen treatment. eight days after the initial injection, plasma calcium was significantly greater in experimentals than in controls. no changes in femoral bone structure were observed. | 1986 | 2871963 |
| glutamine synthetase in liver of the american alligator, alligator mississippiensis. | glutamine synthetase was shown to be localized in liver mitochondria of the american alligator, alligator mississippiensis, by immunofluorescent staining of frozen liver sections and by the detection of enzymatic activity and immunoreactive protein in the mitochondrial fraction following subcellular fractionation of liver tissue by differential centrifugation. the primary translation product of alligator liver glutamine synthetase mrna was shown to have an mr = 45,000 which is similar if not ide ... | 1987 | 2884075 |
| environmental regulation of sex determination in reptiles. | the various patterns of environmental sex determination in squamates, chelonians and crocodilians are described. high temperatures produce males in lizards and crocodiles but females in chelonians. original experiments on the effects of incubation at 30 degrees c (100% females) or 33 degrees c (100% males) on development in alligator mississippiensis are described. these include an investigation of the effect of exposing embryos briefly to a different incubation temperature on the sex ratio at h ... | 2009 | 2907800 |
| conserved restriction sites within the ribosomal rna genes of vertebrates. | we have mapped the cleavage sites of four restriction enzymes which recognize six-base sequences within the nuclear ribosomal (rrna) genes of twelve vertebrates, including several placental mammals (homo sapiens, man; bos taurus, cow; equus caballus, horse; sus scofra, pig; ovis aries, sheep; rattus rattus, rat), a marsupial (didelphis marsupialis, opossum), a bird (gallus domesticus, chicken), an amphibian (xenopus laevis), a reptile (alligator mississipiensis), a bony fish (cynoscion nebulosus ... | 1986 | 3004584 |
| intestinal brush border membrane-bound disaccharidases of the american alligator, alligator mississippiensis. | 1. the disaccharidase activities of the small intestines of american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) were studied in epithelial scrapes and brush-border membrane preparations. 2. maltase, isomaltase and trehalase activities were found. activities of these enzymes were higher in the proximal small intestine and decreased distally. 3. disaccharidase activities were enriched 12-15 times in brush-border membrane preparations, compared with mucosa/enterocyte crude homogenates and were co-enri ... | 1988 | 3066578 |
| oxygen binding in alligator blood related to temperature, diving, and "alkaline tide". | blood of alligator mississippiensis has a relatively high o2 affinity, the half-saturation o2 tension (p50) = 24.5 torr at ph 7.495, the arterial, normocapnic ph at 25 degrees c. although the overall temperature sensitivity of p50 at 15, 25, and 35 degrees c and constant ph is low, the effect on p50 almost doubles when measured at the in vivo ph of each temperature (delta happ = -24 and -47 kj/mol, respectively). the co2 bohr effect (theta co2 = -0.95) is 5.5 times greater than the fixed acid bo ... | 1986 | 3096153 |
| plasma sex-steroid binding protein in a seasonally breeding reptile, alligator mississippiensis. | the properties of a sex-steroid binding protein (ssbp) in the plasma of the american alligator, alligator mississippiensis, were partially characterized. alligator ssbp has a sedimentation coefficient of 4s in a 5-20% sucrose gradient. it binds to estradiol-17 beta (e2) and testosterone (t) with limited capacities and moderate affinities (association constant for [3h]e2 is 4.70 +/- 0.09 x 10(8) m-1 and for [3h]t is 1.05 +/- 0.07 x 10(8) m-1, mean +/- sem of six determinations). plasma ssbp level ... | 1987 | 3100387 |
| effects of intrapulmonary co2 and airway pressure on pulmonary vagal afferent activity in the alligator. | the effects of airway co2 and pressure on pulmonary vagal afferent fibers were studied in seven anesthetized alligators alligator mississippiensis, at room temperature (24 degrees c). of 49 receptors which fired in phase with ventilation, 13 behaved like mammalian rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors, 19 like mammalian slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (psr), and 17 like avian intrapulmonary co2-sensitive chemoreceptors (ipc). psr and ipc were positively localized to the lung b ... | 2011 | 3146784 |
| egg yolk serositis in an american alligator (alligator mississippiensis). | an adult female american alligator (alligator mississippiensis) had diffuse, yellow, granular serosal thickening at necropsy. light microscopic examination of affected stomach, small intestine and spleen revealed a chronic proliferative serositis associated with 3 to 15 micron eosinophilic extracellular globules identified histochemically and morphologically as egg yolk. the intracoelomic egg yolk was considered to be the cause of the serosal reaction. | 1988 | 3193569 |
| development of the pulmonary vein in the american alligator (alligator mississippiensis). | the origin of the embryonic common pulmonary vein in terrestrial vertebrates is still uncertain. most earlier studies in nonhuman embryos describe the vein as entering the sinus venosus. the currently prevailing view, however, based largely on the study of human material, is that the embryonic common pulmonary vein is associated with the left atrium from its inception. we recently observed the pulmonary vein entering the sinus venous part of the right atrium in several normal dog embryos of a st ... | 1988 | 3213967 |
| histological evidence of fusion between the posterior palatal shelves and the floor of the mouth in alligator mississippiensis. | unlike the anterior four-fifths of the secondary palatal shelves the posterior one-fifth grows vertically downward along the side of the tongue and unites with the floor of the mouth. this feature appears to be unique to alligators, and may be important in the development of the basihyal valve. the valve seals off the mouth from the nasal cavities, pharynx and larynx, and thus allows simultaneous breathing and capturing of prey while in the aquatic environment. this developmental feature may enh ... | 1988 | 3252777 |
| [comparative studies on renaturation kinetics of alligator sinensis and alligator mississippiensis and their organization of the genomes]. | 1988 | 3273685 | |
| concentrations of contaminants in muscle of the american alligator in florida. | samples of tail muscle from 32 american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) in florida were analyzed for contaminant concentrations to provide preliminary information on the potential public health hazard of meat consumption. detectable levels were found for eight metals; copper, zinc, iron, chromium, mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic. mean residue was highest for mercury (geometric mean = 0.61 ppm). dde, ddd, ddt, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, and pcb's were found. mean residue co ... | 1988 | 3352097 |
| bone morphometrics and tetracycline marking patterns in young growing american alligators (alligator mississippiensis). | nine young american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) were injected at monthly intervals with tetracycline to determine the bone apposition rate and the resorption patterns over a 3-mo period. the periosteal apposition rate increased progressively over the 3-mo period from 2.99 microns/day to 5.94 microns/day. endosteal apposition rate was much slower with incomplete tetracycline lines being observed on the endosteum. this suggests that most modeling-resorptive activities occur on the endo ... | 1988 | 3352098 |
| gram-negative septicemia in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis). | six species of bacteria (family enterobacteriaceae) not commonly reported as associated with disease in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) were documented, suggesting that aeromonas is not the only bacterium responsible for septicemia in crocodilians. these included citrobacter freundii, enterobacter agglomerans, proteus sp., morganella morganii, serratia marcescens, and klebsiella oxytoca. clinical signs of disease included intensive basking, anorexia, lethargy, flaccid limb paral ... | 1986 | 3503133 |
| identification of diverse molecular forms of gnrh in reptile brain. | gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) molecular forms in the brains of three reptiles, alligator mississippiensis (alligator), calcides ocellatus tiligugu (skink) and podarcis s. sicula (lizard) were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and radioimmunoassay with region-specific antisera, and by assessment of luteinizing (lh)-releasing activity in chicken dispersed pituitary cells. in alligator brain two gnrhs had identical properties to the two known forms of chicken hy ... | 1986 | 3550725 |
| the ultrastructure of alligator conductive tissue: an electron microscopic study of the sino-atrial node. | a combined electrophysiological and morphological study was made to distinguish between the conductive and contractile elements of the alligator mississippiensis heart. microelectrophysiological recordings revealed a frequent occurrence of cells in the sino-atrial node that showed spontaneous diastolic depolarization, while light and electronmicroscopic studies indicated that the corresponding area is characterized by cells with a high glycogen content, poorly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum an ... | 1987 | 3591356 |
| identification of new c27 and c24 bile acids in the bile of alligator mississippiensis. | biliary bile acids of alligator mississippiensis were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after fractionation by silica gel column chromatography. it was shown that the alligator bile contained 12 c27 bile acids and 8 c24 bile acids. in addition to the c27 bile acids, such as 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid, 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 alpha-cholestanoic acid, 3 alpha,7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid, 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy ... | 1987 | 3667554 |
| structural and functional studies on insulin receptors from alligator brain and liver. | insulin receptors are present in membranes prepared from alligator mississippiensis brain and liver. the apparent molecular weight (mw) of the alpha subunits are 132 kda and 118 kda in liver and brain respectively. apparent mw of the beta subunit is 92 kda in both brain and liver receptors. despite the structural differences between brain and liver alpha subunits, brain insulin receptors demonstrate the normal coupling between alpha and beta subunits, i.e. following binding of insulin to the alp ... | 1987 | 3829632 |
| alpha-crystallin a sequences of alligator mississippiensis and the lizard tupinambis teguixin: molecular evolution and reptilian phylogeny. | the amino acid sequences of the eye lens protein alpha-crystallin a from many mammalian and avian species, two frog species, and a dogfish have provided detailed information about the molecular evolution of this protein and allowed some useful inferences about phylogenetic relationships among these species. we now have isolated and sequenced the alpha-crystallins of the american alligator and the common tegu lizard. the reptilian alpha a chains appear to have evolved as slowly as those of other ... | 1985 | 3870872 |
| parasitism by placobdella multilineata (hirudinoidea: glossiphoniidae) and its first record from asia. | placobdella multilineata (hirudinoidea: glossiphoniidae) a temporary, bloodsucking ectoparasite, was previously recorded only from the southern united states, with turtles and the american alligator (alligator mississipiensis) as hosts. this is the first record of p. multilineata from asia (beijing, people's republic of china) and also a new host record for the estuarine crocodile (crocodylus porosus). the introduction of p. multilineata to asia occurred as a result of the transfer of american a ... | 1985 | 3981352 |
| distribution of ventilation in american alligator alligator mississippiensis. | the regional distribution of ventilation in the multicameral lung of spontaneously ventilating alligators (alligator mississippiensis) was studied with 133xe scintigraphy. frequent gamma camera images of 133xe washin and washout were obtained and processed to allow evaluation of regional ventilation. washin of 133xe to equilibrium occurred in three to four breaths in anterior, central, and posterior compartments. washin was most rapid in the posterior compartment and slowest in the anterior. the ... | 1985 | 4051034 |
| mycotic pneumonia caused by fusarium moniliforme in an alligator. | fatal pulmonary infection in a captive alligator (alligator mississippiensis) is reported. at necropsy, the animal appeared to be in excellent nutritional condition, but a severe necrotizing bronchitis with bronchiectasis was present. histological examination revealed numerous branched, septate, hyaline hyphae within the necrotic debris lining the bronchi and rarely infiltrating into the adjacent stroma. the fungus cultured from the lung was identified as f. moniliforme. | 1985 | 4095646 |
| placobdella multilineata (hirudinea) from the american alligator in florida. | 1974 | 4853659 | |
| hearing in the crocodilia. | measurements of auditory sensitivity in terms of the cochlear potentials were made in young specimens of three species of crocodilians, caiman crocodilus and alligator mississipiensis of the subfamily alligatorinae and crocodylus acutus of the subfamily crocodylinae. these species show considerable similarity in their capabilities for sound reception. all have the best sensitivity in a fairly broad middle range, and fall off for lower tones and particularly rapidly for the high tones. the level ... | 1971 | 5283940 |
| considerations on the ependyma of the encephalic ventricles of tropidonotus natrix, alligator mississipiensis and testudo graeca. | 1970 | 5492413 | |
| successive discrimination reversal (sdr) performances of american alligators and american crocodiles on a spatial task. | 1969 | 5777974 | |
| laboratory maintenance and learning of alligator mississippiensis. | 1966 | 5916539 | |
| the fine structure of iridial constrictor pupillae muscle of alligator mississippiensis. | 1966 | 5963635 | |
| operant stimulus control applied to maze behavior: heat escape conditioning and discrimination reversal in alligator mississippiensis. | eight alligators were trained to escape heat by traversing an 8-ft runway containing right or left approaches to a water tank. all subjects were run until they had satisfied three criteria of stable response time, after which the predominant escape path was blocked, requiring discrimination reversal. seven subjects again met the criteria; three also met them in a second reversal. | 1966 | 5970390 |
| the endocrine pancreas of alligator mississippiensis. an immunocytochemical investigation. | immunocytochemical methods for light and electron microscopy were used to demonstrate the regulatory peptides present in the endocrine pancreas of the alligator, alligator mississippienses. the peptides studied included insulin, glucagon (pancreatic and enteric), somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide (avian, bovine and human), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance p, metenkephalin, beta-endorphin, c-terminal gastrin/cck and gastric inhibitory polypeptide. endocrine cells were detected usin ... | 1982 | 6124317 |
| regulatory peptides in the gastrointestinal tract of alligator mississipiensis. an immunocytochemical study. | the gastrointestinal tract of the alligator alligator mississipiensis has been investigated for the presence of immunoreactivity to fourteen regulatory peptides all known to occur in the mammalian gut system. mucosal endocrine cells reacting specifically with the antisera to neurotensin, c-terminal gastrin, somatostatin, bombesin, secretin, pancreatic glucagon and enteroglucagon were detectable, the distribution of these cells being, in general, similar to the mammalian pattern. peripheral nerve ... | 1983 | 6133628 |
| physiological thermoregulation of mature alligators. | a 67.1 kg alligator (alligator mississippiensis), tested in air, heated twice as fast as it cooled. the cooling thermal time constant was 425 min while alive. warming and cooling thermal time constants were 421 min after death. the thermal time constant was not appropriate in describing warming in air of mature alligators. surface and subdermal heat flow measurements of the 67.1 kg animal indicate greater blood flow in the skin during warming compared to cooling. two mature alligators, 49.9 and ... | 1984 | 6141029 |
| isolation and characterization of reptilian insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide: complete amino acid sequence of alligator (alligator mississippiensis) insulin and pancreatic polypeptide. | the insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin contents of acid-alcohol extracts of alligator pancreas have been estimated by heterologous radioimmunoassay, and the insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide have been isolated. the amino acid sequences of the insulin and pancreatic polypeptide were determined. the sequence of the insulin a chain is identical to that of chicken insulin a chain, while the b chain exhibits three conservative substitutions when compared to that o ... | 1984 | 6146554 |
| light and electron microscopic study of crocodile islets of langerhans. | the tissue of the islets of langerhans was studied in alligator mississippiensis and caiman niger. the distribution of the insular tissue in the pancreas was described from the picture in the light microscope, together with the incidence of characteristic islets, which frequently surround the duct tress, and of scattered insular cells. five types of endocrine cells, distinguishable by their staining properties and typical electron microscopic image, were described in the insular tissue. in addit ... | 1981 | 6169221 |
| direct reciprocal allosteric interaction of oxygen and hydrogen carbonate sequence of the haemoglobins of the caiman (caiman crocodylus), the nile crocodile (crocodylus niloticus) and the mississippi crocodile (alligator mississippiensis). | 1981 | 6286445 | |
| circadian variation in plasma corticosterone in the american alligator, alligator mississippiensis, and the effects of acth injections. | crocodilians are unique among the reptiles in that they lack a pineal gland. since the pineal is believed to play a role in the regulation of photoperiodic control of circadian rhythms in activity and corticosterone secretion in vertebrates, plasma corticosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay (ria) in samples collected over a 24-hr period from captive-reared, juvenile crocodilians (alligator mississippiensis) held under a constant temperature but exposed to natural photoperiod. a clear biphas ... | 1984 | 6327457 |
| changes in thyrotropin-releasing hormone levels in alligator stomach during fasting. | stomach tissue of the american alligator, alligator mississippiensis, contains substantial levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) which behaves identically to the synthetic hormone on radioimmunoassay (ria) and high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). fasting induces a marked increase in gastric tissue levels of this hypophysiotropic hormone, but is without effect on hypothalamic content, suggesting a physiological role for trh in gastric function of this vertebrate. | 2013 | 6415622 |
| developmental mechanisms in normal and abnormal palate formation with particular reference to the aetiology, pathogenesis and prevention of cleft palate. | palatal development was studied macroscopically, microscopically and ultrastructurally in foetuses of inbred wistar rats and alligator mississippiensis. in the rat, elevation of the palatal shelves from a vertical position lateral to the tongue to a horizontal position above the tongue, occurs very rapidly. this reorientation is postulated to be caused by an intrinsic turgor shelf force generated by the hydration of mesenchymal mucopolysaccharides (predominantly hyaluronic acid). cleft palate wa ... | 1981 | 6455154 |
| inflammation induced by subcutaneous turpentine inoculation of young american alligators (alligator mississippiensis). | turpentine-induced skin lesions in young american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) kept at 25 c were used to study inflammatory response in a reptile. skin harvested at intervals between 4 hours and 30 days after inoculations were done had no gross changes until days 24 to 26, when superficial skin necrosis was evident. early responses of congestion and dermal edema (4 to 8 hours) were seen by light microscopy, and these were followed by necrosis and granulocyte migration (1 to 3 days). l ... | 1984 | 6497146 |
| diazepam and succinylcholine chloride for restraint of the american alligator. | diazepam followed by succinylcholine chloride was administered intramuscularly to 26 healthy mature female alligators on 2 occasions. the mean diazepam dosage was 0.37 mg/kg (range, 0.22 mg/kg to 0.62 mg/kg) and the mean succinylcholine chloride dosage was 0.24 mg/kg (range, 0.14 mg/kg to 0.37 mg/kg). this drug combination reduced stress and allowed adequate immobilization for restraint and handling. the reduced drug volume, low dosage of succinylcholine chloride required, short induction period ... | 1984 | 6511577 |
| steatitis and fat necrosis in captive alligators. | steatitis and fat necrosis were identified in a group of 123 american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) kept in an enclosed pond and fed a diet of only fish for more than 10 years. all affected animals were outwardly healthy and had had no signs of disease in the period immediately before slaughter. the diagnosis was made at the time of commercial slaughter for harvest of meat and hides. lesions consisted of firm yellow-brown masses distributed in fat tissue throughout the body. the histop ... | 1983 | 6643233 |
| morphologic, cytochemical, and functional studies of peripheral blood cells of young healthy american alligators (alligator mississippiensis). | samples of peripheral blood collected from healthy young american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) were studied to determine baseline values and characterize cell types. mean total leukocyte counts were 6.4 +/- 2.9 x 10(3)/mm3, with mean differential values of 54.7 +/- 47.5% heterophils, 10.4 +/- 6.0% eosinophils, 12.7 +/- 16.8% basophils, 23.9 +/- 4.9% lymphocytes, and 0.7 +/- 0.5% monocytes. mean total thrombocyte counts were 23.0 +/- 7.0 x 10(3)/mm3, and mean total erythrocyte counts w ... | 1984 | 6732012 |
| the amino acid sequence of alligator (alligator mississippiensis) myoglobin. phylogenetic implications. | the amino acid sequence of myoglobin from cardiac muscle of the american alligator (alligator mississippiensis) was established by alignment of overlapping peptides and dansyl-edman degradation. the chain initiating methonine seems to be retained. thus, this molecule has 154 amino acid residues rather than 153 as in other tetrapod myoglobins. maximum parsimony analysis indicated that alligator myoglobin diverges more from both bird and mammal myoglobins than these latter do from each other. the ... | 1980 | 6774758 |
| effect of body temperature on ventilatory control in the alligator. | pulmonary ventilation and arterial blood acid-base balance were measured in six unanesthetized alligators, alligator mississipiensis, at 15, 25, and 35 degree c. the animals exhibited pronounced ventilatory responses to hypercapnia at all temperatures studied. arterial pco2 increased and ph decreased with increases in body temperature during both normocapnia and hypercapnia. the fractional dissociation of imidazole (alpha pr) remained constant with changes in body temperature during normocapnia, ... | 1982 | 6800983 |
| the structure and development of the palate in alligator mississippiensis. | 1981 | 6947744 | |
| review: the value of the american alligator (alligator mississippiensis) as a model for research in craniofacial development. | american alligators exhibit a number of morphological features which are more characteristic of mammals than reptiles. this unique combination makes an extremely useful animal for experimental investigations of craniofacial development. thus, it is possible to make a longitudinal study of the development of the alligator's secondary palate by utilizing shell-less culture techniques. incubation of eggs at 28 degrees c, as opposed to 3 degrees c, slows development sufficiently to enable both the r ... | 1981 | 7042741 |
| temperature of egg incubation determines sex in alligator mississippiensis. | 1982 | 7070524 |