Publications

growth and handling of yeasts.		1975	588
general principles of antimicrobial therapy.	in the initial therapy of life-threatening infections in which a bacterial cause is suspected, the emphasis should be on broad antibiotic coverage in contrast to definitive therapy, which is dependent on microbial isolation and, when indicated, in vitro susceptibility tests. in severe infections, antimicrobial agents should be given parenterally, at least initially. the need for optimal dosage is emphasized. this is particularly important when aminoglycosides are administered, for there is a ten ...	1977	20538
research of the soluble microbial substances in organic fluids for the rapid diagnosis of some infections and particularly of bacterial meningitis (author's transl).	a number of immunological and non-immunological techniques have been recently used to detect soluble microbial substances in body fluids of patients with acute meningitis, bacteremia, and lobar pneumonia. by the immunological methods capsular highly polymerized polisaccharide group- or type-specific antigens of the most common c. n. s. pathogens (n. meningitidis a, b, and c; str. pneumoniae, h. influenzae type b, e. coli k1, mucoid pseudomonas, cryptococcus neoformans) can be detected and quanti ...	1977	28697
regulation of melanin production by cryptococcus neoformans.	species of filobasidiella, the agents of cryptococcosis, produced melanin-like pigments within 4 to 48 h with diphenol, aminophenol, and diaminobenzene compounds as substrates. the rate of phenyloxidase activity was found to be regulated by glucose and nitrogen catabolite repression. increased glucose concentration reduced pigmentation of all serotypes of filobasidiella, whereas repression by nitrogen sources varied with the strain. glutamine repressed the phenyloxidases of all isolates except t ...	1979	44517
filters for monochrome photomicrography of cryptococcus neoformans in histological sections.		1975	46866
[the cultural diagnosis of cryptococcus neoformans].		1975	52840
identification of cryptococcus neoformans in cytologic preparations of cerebrospinal fluid.	review of routine papanicolaou-stained cerebrospinal fluid preparations from 13 patients who had meningeal cryptococcosis documented by other methods demonstrated the yeast in 11 cases. special stains greatly facilitated the detection of the organisms in two samples and discriminated them from artifacts. an increased number of cells was present in nine cases. correlation with the clinical data revealed that every patient but one had a malignant lymphoma, most commonly hodgkin's disease. the exce ...	1977	65123
demonstration of cryptococcus neoformans in a stained bone marrow specimen.	disseminated cryptococcosis is seen with increased frequency in patients with malignant hematologic disease. usually the diagnosis rests on spinal fluid studies, and little attention has been paid to the direct examination of a bone marrow specimen. a febrile woman with an advanced histiocytic lymphoma was intensively treated with antineoplastic agents; the antemortem diagnosis of cryptococcosis was suspected from direct examination of the bone marrow and was subsequently confirmed by culture. v ...	1977	67828
cryptococcus neoformans-specific oligoclonal immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid in cryptococcal meningitis.		1977	68362
enumerative fluorescent vital staining of live and dead pathogenic yeast cells.	a quantitative technique is presented for differentiating live and dead yeast cells grown in culture through the use of the fluorescent dye acridine orange. the method gives results that correlate well with those of other commonly used vital staining techniques and is free of certain interpretative errors inherent in them. vital staining of yeasts with acridine orange also allows for more precise assessment of the physiological state of individual cells and the culture as a whole. the progressiv ...	1977	71766
immunoperoxidase localization of sporothrix schenckii and cryptococcus neoformans. staining of tissue sections fixed in 4% formaldehyde solution and embedded in paraffin.	an indirect immunoperoxidase staining method has been successfully applied to 4% formaldehyde solution tissue sections fixed in and embedded in paraffin for the localization of sporothrix schenckil and cryptococcus neoformans without prior trypsinization of tissue sections. a comparison of this method with an analogous immunofluorescence staining technique has been made.	1979	86325
treatment of cryptococcosis.		1979	88562
[pulmonary cryptococcosis].	a clinico-morphological analysis of two observations of cryptococcomas of the lungs are presented. in one case the diagnosis was established on the basis of cytological examinations of the sputum. this form of pulmonary cryptococcosis as well as identification of cryptococci in the sputum by cytological examinations are first described in the soviet literature. the attention is drawn to the difficulties of clinico-roentgenological and morphological diagnosis of this disease and to the necessity ...	1979	91358
effect of a tetracycline antibiotic on the experimental pathogenicity of cryptococcus neoformans.	the pathogenicity of three stains of cryptococcus neoformans was experimentally tested by intradermal inoculations into albino rabbits and intraperitoneally into mice. a relationship was found between the number of inoculated cells and the diameter of dermal lesion; moreover, a typical kinetics of lesion evolution and healing has been shown. treatment of rabbits with deoxytetracycline did not dramatically influence the behavior of dermal lesions. however, in experiments dealing with strain vi se ...	1978	97058
a rapid pigmentation test for identification of cryptococcus neoformans.	a rapid pigmentation test for identification of cryptococcus neoformans is described. the method is based on the formation of a characteristic, mouse-grey to violaceous-black pigment when shake cultures of c. neoformans in a phosphate-buffered, l-dopa - ferric citrate medium are incubated at 37 c for one hour.	1978	109041
the structure of the capsular polysaccharide from cryptococcus neoformans serotype d.	the capsular polysaccharide from cryptococcus neoformans serotype d has been studied by employing the usual methods for the elucidation of chemical structure. the results are consistent with the occurrence of a polysaccharide having both d-glucosyl-uronic acid and d-xylosyl groups present as nonreducing end-groups attached to o-2 of d-mannosyl residues which are linked alpha-d-(1 leads to 3) in a linear backbone.	1979	113098
globoroseomycin, a new antifungal antibiotic.		1979	114368
hypersensitivity pneumonitis with antibodies to cryptococcus neoformans.	clinical and immunological studies were made in forty-two patients diagnosed as suffering from hypersensitivity pneumonitis at osaka prefectural habikino hospital between 1973 and 1977. all the sera from forty-one patients tested had high titres of antibody against cryptococcus neoformans in indirect fluorescent antibody tests, and twelve also had precepitins against cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide. only about 10% of control sera from patients with other lung diseases had low titres of an ...	1978	152171
pulmonary infection with capsule-deficient cryptococcus neoformans.	a case of bilateral lobar pneumonia due to crytococcus neoformans is presented. the capsule-deficient fungal organisms within tissue were suggestive of histoplasma capsulatum. cultures grew cryptococcus neoformans and there was cryptococcal antigen in the serum. pulmonary cryptococcosis and the occurrence of unencapsulated cryptococci are reviewed. the important role both culture and the latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen play in the differential diagnosis of systemic fungal infec ...	1979	157594
postitional specificity of fatty acids in pyrophosphatidic acid from cryptococcus neoformans.	pyrophosphatidic acid isolated from cryptococcus neoformans was degraded to phosphatidic acid in aqueous pyridine. the phosphatidic acid was hydrolyzed by phospholipase a (ec 3.1.1.4) of crotalus adamanteus to lysophosphatidic acid and 2-positioned fatty acids. from the analyses of the fatty acid composition of pyrophosphatidic acid and its degraded products (phosphatidid acid, lysophosphatidic acid, and fatty acid), it was concluded that most of the saturated fatty acids of pyrophosphatidic a ...	1975	168186
temporal bone findings in cryptococcal meningitis.	a 19-year-old woman with cryptococcal meningitis died as a result of her disease, in spite of both intravenous and intraventricular administration of amphotericin b. gross and microscopic examinations revealed multiple cysts containing cryptococcus neoformans within the central nervous system. studies of the temporal bones revealed both neural and end organ destruction with the presence of cryptococcus when stained by gomori methenamine silver nitrate method. we present the results of audiometri ...	1975	169773
the distribution of pyrophosphatidic acid in nature.	the occurrence of a novel phospholipid, pyrophosphatidic acid, in the lipid extracts of yeasts (23 species), bacteria (e. coli), algae (chlorella), mammalia (human, rabbit, guinea pig, and mouse), insect (cockroach), fish (carp), mollusc (clam), and spermatophyta (spinach) was investigated. pyrophosphatidic acid was found exclusively in the lipid extracts of several kinds of yeast species, but not in other normal living species (animals, plants, and microorganisms) so far investigated. all of th ...	1975	175047
[meningo-encephalic complications caused by rare microorganisms in renal transplanted patients: cryptococcosis and listeriosis with favourable course].		1976	183277
[cytodiagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid with filtration method and its application to the diagnosis of fungal meningitis].		1977	194611
the in vivo incorporation of [32p]-labeled orthophosphate into pyrophosphatidic acid and other phospholipids of cryptococcus neoformans through cell growth.	cryptococcus neoformans was cultured in a liquid medium containing [32p]-orthophosphate and harvested at various stages of cell growth. an aliquot of the [32p]-labeled cells was transferred to a nonradioactive medium, and the culture was continued again for some hours. the [32p]-radioactivity composition and the phosphorus composition of individual phospholipids relative to the total phospholipid through the incubation periods were estimated. although levels of major phospholipids remained const ...	1977	199826
distribution of cryptococcus neoformans in a pigeon habitat.	samples of pigeon droppings were taken from 7 sites in a church tower contaminated with c. neoformans, and the distribution patterns of the fungus were studied. from various sites, 0 to 3 x 10(5) viable c. neoformans particles were recovered per one gram of dry excreta. the factors causing the different density of c. neoformans population in the habitat were: uric acid share of the total nitrogen, creatinine content, sunlight and probably ph. chemical composition of the substrate is the primary ...	1975	239886
response of congenitally athymic (nude) and phenotypically normal mice to cryptococcus neoformans infection.	a cryptococcus neoformans infection in congenitally athymic (nude) mice and phenotypically normal heterozygote balb/c mice was used to determine how t lymphocyte-deficient mice compared with normal mice in restricting proliferation of c. neoformans and to determine whether a correlation exists between delayed-type hypersensitivity and resistance to c. neoformans. although nude mice displayed the ability to maintain cryptococcal population levels lower than did the phenotypically normal animals d ...	1979	313367
histopathological studies on experimental cryptococcosis in nude mice.	cryptococcosis in nude (nu/nu) mice was examined histopathologically. in addition, effects of carrageenan and lymph node cell transfer against cryptococcus infection were investigated. as controls, heterozygous littermates (nu/+mice) and mice of strain ddy (ddy mice) were employed. each mouse was inoculated intravenously with 10(5) yeast cells of cryptococcus neoformans suspended in 0.2 ml phosphate-buffered saline. two mice out of each group were sacrificed at appropriate intervals up to 25 day ...	1979	316872
host defense in cryptococcosis. iii. in vivo alteration of immunity.	the present studies utilize an inbred mouse model to evaluate the adoptive transfer of spleen cells to augment immunity against cryptococcus neoformans. protection against cryptococcosis was transferred using spleen cells obtained from mice surviving cryptococcosis. these spleen cell donors had no detectable anticryptococcal antibody. also, treatment with antimouse-thymocyte globulin ablated dermal hypersensitivity reactions of immunized mice, and shortened survival in both immunized and unimmun ...	1979	316873
occurrence and significance of cryptococcus neoformans in the respiratory tract of patients with bronchopulmonary disorders.	cryptococcus neoformans was cultured from 13 (3%) of 469 clinical specimens examined from the respiratory tract of patients with bronchopulmonary diseases. these isolations came from 5 (2%) of 207 patients; 11 isolates were from sputum and 1 each were from bronchoscopic aspirate and empyema pus. the fungus was not cultured from the oropharyngeal washings of 101 apparently healthy volunteers. of the 5 patients, 3 had pulmonary tuberculosis, including one with pyopneumothorax and 2 with allergic b ...	1977	319109
synthesis and antifungal properties of certain 7-alkylaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.	a series of 7-alkylaminopyrazolo[1,5-alpha]pyrimidines (5-25) and one 7-alkylthiopyrazolo[1,5-alpha]pyrimidine (4) were synthesized from the corresponding 7-chloro precursors 3, which were prepared in turn from the 7-hydroxy analogues 2, obtained via condensation of 3-aminopyrazoles with acetoacetate esters, malonate esters, or acetylenedicarboxylate ester. compounds 4-25 were found to inhibit trichophyton mentagrophytes (in vitro). the degree of inhibition increased with increasing 7-alkylamino ...	1977	319236
cryptococcal cellulitis.		1977	319273
a radioimmunoassay for human antibody specific for microbial antigens.	a simple and sensitive method for detecting and quantitating antibody specific for microbial antigens is described. bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral antigens attached to bromoacetyl cellulose or the intact cells themselves were added to a series of two-fold dilutions of human serum. after a short incubation period, which allowed human antibody to attach to the antigens, the complex was thoroughly washed and carbon-14 labeled anti-human light chain antibody was added to each dilution. the re ...	1977	320268
vertebral osteomyelitis due to cryptococcus neoformans. case report.		1977	321460
new culture medium for the presumptive identificaion of candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans.	a new medium composed of tween 80, oxgall, caffeic acid, and davis agar (toc) that provides for the rapid presumptive identification of candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans is described herein. c. albicans is differentiated from other yeasts by the sequential production of germ tubes and chlamydospores. in a comparison with cormeal agar control plates, there was an increase of chlamydospore-forming strains of c. albicans (97.1% versus 87.2%) and a decrease in the time required for chlamy ...	1977	321472
rapid method for detection of urea hydrolysis by yeasts.	a method is described for the rapid detection of urea hydrolysis by yeasts, using the berthelot color reaction. the results could be determined within 30 to 50 min with this method, compared with 8 to 72 h usually required with christensen urea agar.	1977	322609
infection with mycobacterium kansasli and cryptococcus neoformans.		1977	322637
cryptococcosis in a cancer hospital: clinical and pathological correlates in forty-six patients.	the clinical and pathological findings in 46 patients with cryptococcosis at memorial sloan-kettering cancer center from 1956 to 1972 are reported. the striking predilection for cryptococcal infection in patients with leukemias and lymphomas is again confirmed. of 41 patients with neoplastic disease, those with chronic lymphatic leukemia (cll), hodgkin's disease, chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml), myeloma and lymphosarcoma had the highest incidence of cryptococcosis. in all cases, neoplastic di ...	1977	322854
the influence of 5-fluorocytosine on nucleic acid synthesis in candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, and aspergillus fumigatus.	5-fluorocytosine (5-fc) has a rapid inhibitory effect on the synthesis of rna and dna in the yeast and hyphal form of candida albicans. 5-fc has a less marked effect on the rna and dna content of sensitive strains of cryptococcus neoformans and has no effect on the nucleic acid content of aspergillus fumigatus nor of resistant strains of c. albicans and c. neoformans. 5-fc has a slower inhibitory effect on yeast cell number increase and no effect on hyphal length of hyphal phase c. albicans over ...	1977	324722
antifungal activity of 5-fluorocytosine as measured by disk diffusion susceptibility testing.	the susceptibilities of 216 isolates of pathogenic and commensal yeasts to 5-fluorocytosine were tested by a disk diffusion technique with use of 1- and 10-microgram disks. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined by an agar dilution procedure with yeast morphology agar, ph 5.0, supplemented with 0.25 mg of thiamine/dl. zones of inhibition produced by the two disks were correlated with paired mic values. an mic of 16 micrograms/ml, the upper limit of probable clinical susceptibil ...	1977	325150
detection of cryptococcal polysaccharide using counterimmunoelectrophoresis.	counterimmunoelectrophoresis was used to detect cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide in the body fluids of infected patients. using rabbit anti-c. neoformans a15 globulin, counterimmunoelectrophoresis detected 1.25 microgram of purified cryptococcal polysaccharide per ml of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) or urine and 2.5 microgram per ml of serum. when the body fluids were subjected to a hundredfold concentration prior to testing, as little as 25 ng of purified cryptococcal polysaccharide/ ...	1977	326030
epidemiologic differences among serotypes of cryptococcus neoformans.	in the usa, the most prevalent serotype of the fungus, cryptococcus neoformans, was serotype a. the serotype constituted 203 of 272 isolates from infections and 85 of 89 isolates from the environment. serotype b or c isolates were infrequent causes of infection, except in southern california, and were infrequent causes of infecand were not isolated at all from environmental sources. in southern california, the absence of serotypes b and c in 67 soil and pigeon dropping isolates was striking, con ...	1977	326036
cryptococcal chorioretinitis: a case report.	chorioretinitis occurred in a young man whose long-standing cryptococcal meningitis had been identified and treated. in one eye spontaneous resolution had occurred. his case history and fluorescein angiograms are presented.	1977	326307
cryptococcosis, with emphasis on the significance of isolation of cryptococcus neoformans from the respiratory tract.	cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from 65 patients: 11 had meningitis, 11 had disseminated cryptococcosis without meningitis, and 43 had c neoformans isolated from the respiratory tract. predisposing conditions and the diagnostic value of cultures from various sites and of the latex agglutination test on cerebrospinal fluid and serum are analyzed for patients with extrapulmonary disease. nine patients had pleural effusions; the effusion was cultured in six and yielded c neoformans in four. no ...	1977	326497
capsule size of cryptococcus neoformans: control and relationship to virulence.	capsule size of five isolates of cryptococcus neoformans was controlled by cultivation in media containing varying amounts of sugar. high concentrations of sugar (e.g., 16%) suppressed encapsulation whereas low concentrations (e.g., 1%) allowed maximal encapsulation. suppression of capsule size was attributed at least in part to the increased osmolarity of the medium because a medium with low sugar concentration but having high osmolarity (by virtue of added sodium chloride) also produced cells ...	1977	326665
non-encapsulated variant of cryptococcus neoformans. ii. surface receptors for cryptococcal polysaccharide and their role in inhibition of phagocytosis by polysaccharide.	the binding of cryptococcal polysaccharide to a non-encapsulated strain of cryptococcus neoformans was studied. binding of purified polysaccharide to the yeast was determined by inhibition of phagocytosis and by indirect immunofluorescence techniques. the ability of cryptococcal polysaccharide to prevent phagocytosis of the non-encapsulated strain appears to be directly related to adherence of polysaccharide to the yeast via specific receptors on the cell surface. addition of varying doses of cr ...	1977	326680
fungus infections after liver transplantation.	the problem of fungus infections after liver transplantation was studied. in 100 consecutive recipients of orthotopic liver homografts there were 10 and 8 examples, respectively, of localized and disseminated infections caused by candida species. candidemia was demonstrated in 8 of these 18 patients. one patient who had a localized candida infection also had disseminated cryptococcosis. an additional 31 patients were infested in that candida could be cultured from sites where it is not normally ...	1977	327951
fungicidal components of mammalian granulocytes active against cryptococcus neoformans.	citric acid extracts of granule-rich fractions, prepared from rabbit and guinea pig heterophils or human neutrophis, killed cryptococcus neoformans in vitro. these extracts sere fractionated by micropreparative electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. in preparation of rabbit and guinea pig heterophils, cryptococcidal activity was associated predominantely with lysosomal cationic protein complex. human neutrophils lacked strictly comparable cationic proteins but contained other components that ki ...	1977	328789
characterization of immunoglobulin classes of human antibodies to cryptococcus neoformans.	immunoglobulin g (igg), immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin a (iga) levels were determined by radial immunodiffusion techniques in sera from 11 patients with cryptococcosis. most specimens showed increased levels of igm. studies with fluorescein-labeled monospecific antihuman igg and igm, however, indicated that igg was the immunoglobulin reactive in the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test. in addition, cross-reacting sera from mycotic infections other than cryptococcosis were also sh ...	1977	331113
cryptococcus neoformans: size range of infectious particles from aerosolized soil.	although cryptococcosis is characterized as a chronic central nervous system disease, it is generally accepted that the lungs are the primary portal of entry for the etiological agent. despite this, there is a distinct lack of evidence that viable airborne particles of cryptococcus neoformans are small enough to reach the alveoli. two encapsulated strains and one nonencapsulated strain of c. neoformans were inoculated into 250-g quantities of sterile soil. throughout the 0 to 12 weeks of incubat ...	1977	332630
comparative study of trichothecin, amphotericin b, and 5-fluorocytosine against cryptococcus neoformans in vitro and in vivo.	trichothecin (t-cin), amphotericin b (ab), and 5-fluorocytosine (fc) were compared singly and in combination for capacities to inhibit growth of cryptococcus neoformans in culture and to protect mice bearing infections with this yeast. the minimum inhibitory concentrations for t-cin, ab, and fc were found to be 0.5, 0.2, and 5.0 mug/ml, respectively. in vitro viability studies demonstrated a marked reduction in colony counts with the ab-fc combination and additive effects with the ab-t-cin and f ...	1977	334065
[studies on the virulence of cr. neoformans strains, of animal or telluric origin, against mice].		1977	334195
occurrence and significance of cryptococcus neoformans in the oropharynx and on the skin of a healthy human population.	cryptococcus neoformans was cultured on one occasion from the oropharyngeal washings in 1 of 820 and from the interdigital areas of the feet in 6 of 723 healthy persons. among the positive persons were two school children, two laboratory workers, one gardener, one plumber, and one printing press worker. repeat cultures were negative in all seven positive persons; serological tests for cryptococcal antigen/antibody were negative in three. the results demonstrate that c. neoformans may occur as a ...	1977	334791
diagnostic medium containing inositol, urea, and caffeic acid for selective growth of cryptococcus neoformans.	an agar medium containing inositol and urea as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, caffeic acid and ferric citrate as agents for the selective pigmentation of cryptococcus neoformans, gentamicin as a broad-spectrum bacterial antibiotic, and yeast nitrogen base without amino acids and ammonium sulfate (difco) was tested against 137 clinical isolates, 4 survey specimens, and 11 atcc yeast and yeast-like strains. all 28 strains of c. neoformans showed heavy growth and dark brown pigmentation after 36 ...	1977	334795
[cryptococcosis: accidental post-mortem diagnosis--new aspects of pathogenesis (author's transl)].		1977	335242
the effect of freezing and the influence of isolation medium on the recovery of pathogenic fungi from sputum.	the primary objective of this study was to determine whether freezing sputa in dry ice had any effect on the recovery of pathogenic fungi. sputa seeded with each of five fungi (histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, cryptococus neoformans, coccidioides immitis, and aspergillus fumigatus) were frozen and stored for 24, 48, and 72 hours on dry ice. h. capsulatum was killed, and only a few colonies of b. dermatitidis and c. neoformans were isolated from these sputa. however, a. fumigatus ...	1977	335251
evaluation of a caffeic acid-ferric citrate test for rapid identification of cryptococcus neoformans.	an evaluation of a rapid caffeic acid-ferric citrate paper disk test for the identification of cryptococcus neoformans, using 474 isolates of yeasts and yeastlike organisms, showed that 96.6, 97.7, and 98.3% of 176 isolates of c. neoformans produced brown to dark-brown pigment on disks incubated for 6 h at room temperature, 30 degrees c, and 37 degrees c, respectively. all c. neoformans produced brown to dark-brown pigment within 24 h. however, nonspecific pigmentation was encountered at all tem ...	1977	336639
cryptococcal interstitial pneumonia: value of antigen determination.		1977	337142
synergism of polyene antibiotics with 5-fluorocytosine.	the synergism of 5-fc with 4 polyene antibiotics, amphotericin b (amph. b), candicidin, trichomycin and nystatin were investigated in 3 in vitro models measuring the fungistatic and fungicidal activity as well as the development of resistant mutants. in these 3 models candicidin and trichomycin exerted a higher synergistic effect than amph. b or nystatin. in vivo (systemic treatment of septicemic candidiasis of the mouse) the combination of 5-fc with amph. b was, however, the most effective. onl ...	1978	338264
immune response to cryptococcus neoformans soluble polysaccharide: immunological unresponsiveness.	mice injected with 100 to 800 microgram of cryptococcus neoformans soluble polysaccharide showed a reduced ability to produce antibody after a challenge immunization with polysaccharide emulsified in freund incomplete adjuvant. these animals were considered immunologically unresponsive. animals given an initial injection of 25 or 50 microgram of polysaccharide responded to a challenge immunization in the same manner as control animals. reversion of unresponsive mice to antibody production withou ...	1977	338489
role of macrophages in immunity and pathogenesis of experimental cryptococcosis induced by the airborne route--part ii: phagocytosis and intracellular fate of cryptococcus neoformans.		1977	339078
mepartricin, a polyene active on both trichomonas and candida. lack of mutagenic activity.	mepartricin, the methyl ester of partricin, is a new polyene antibiotic with antifungal and antiprotozoal activity. the antitrichomonas activity in vitro is comparable to that of metronidazole, the widely used drug recently demonstrated to possess mutagenic activity and thus to be used with caution in therapy. clinical investigations have shown that mepartricin can be successfully used in the topic treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis and candidiasis. the mutagenic activity of mepartricin has bee ...	1978	340260
damage to pseudohyphal forms of candida albicans by neutrophils in the absence of serum in vitro.	large forms of candida are characteristically present in invasive lesions and are often cleared by host defenses. therefore, an in vitro system was developed to study interactions between leukocytes and pseudohyphae. by light, phase contrast, and electron microscopic observations, in the absence of serum, neutrophils attached to and spread over the surfaces of partially ingested pseudohyphae, which then appeared damaged. using a new assay which measured neutrophil-induced inhibition of uptake of ...	1978	340470
cerebral cryptococcosis. report of an unusual case.	a case of cerebral cryptococcosis associated with pulmonary and bone lesions is described. while discussing some general data of the literature, the authors outline the rarity of granulomatous cns cryptococcosis. from a clinical standpoint the similarity with tuberculous processes is emphasized. the methods of histopathologic diagnosis both intraoperatively and in permanent sections are discussed.	1977	341300
optical polarization reveals different ultrastructural molecular arrangement of polysaccharides in the yeast cell walls.	the topo-optical aldehyde bisulfite-toluidine blue (abt) reaction of vicinal oh and amino-oh groups offers new ways to study the ultrastructure of polysaccharides in different biological substrates. through oriented dye binding on the reacting groups, the abt reaction induces strong birefringence on the linearly ordered polysaccharides, which is negative with respect to their chain length. using this method, two types of molecular order of the polysaccharides could be distinguished in the cell w ...	1977	341621
[ultrastructural aspects of cryptococcus neoformans in experimental infections].		1977	341912
in vitro and in vivo studies on synergistic antifungal activity.		1977	342191
cryptococcosis: a diagnostic challenge.	human cryptococcosis is an exogenous human infection of increasing frequency and growing importance. early diagnosis is essential for the clinical outcome, no matter whether the infection is primary or secondary to underlying disease. reliable and quick diagnostic methods are outlined and some pitfalls are discussed. direct microscopy is essential, followed by cultivation procedures and serologic tests.	1977	342195
a32390a, a new biologically active metabolite. iii. in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity.	a32390a, an isonitrile-containing derivative of mannitol, represents a new class of antifungal antibiotics. in vitro antifungal activity of a32390a was found against candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans and histoplasma capsulatum. in vivo antifungal activity of a32390a was demonstrated in mice infected with c. albicans. accumulative doses of 37.5 approximately 600 mg/kg, administered subcutaneously over a 24-hour period, showed significant activity without demonstrating toxicity. a32390a wa ...	1978	342474
pigment production by cryptococcus neoformans and other cryptococcus species from aminophenols and diaminobenzenes.	cryptococcus neoformans and other cryptococcus species can produce pigment(s) from many aminophenol and diaminobenzene compounds. pigment production from these compounds is similar to the conversion of diphenols to melanin by c. neoformans. several pigmentation patterns (resulting in the identification or grouping of cryptococcus species) have been observed by using diaminobenzene and aminophenol compounds as substrates. the most common pigmentation pattern observed was pigment production by bot ...	1978	344335
should yeasts in respiratory secretions be identified?	four hundred forty samples of sputa and bronchial washings were examined microscopically for evidence of pulmonary and oropharyngeal secretions. most (88%) sputa showed definite evidence of oropharyngeal contamination, whereas bronchial washings showed much less frequent (21%) contamination. culture results of the same specimens showed that yeasts (excluding dimorphic fungi) were recovered from 74% of the sputa and 25% of the bronchial washings. it seems that microscopic evidence of oropharyngea ...	1977	344997
study of the role of pigeons in the dissemination of cryptococcus neoformans in nature.	cryptococcus neoformans was recovered from droppings collected within the first 24 h from pigeons experimentally fed with a dose of 5 x 10(6) cells. the fungus proved to multiply well though differently in the sterilized pigeon and chicken excreta seeded with the organism. in both unsterile types of droppings no viable cells of c. neoformans were detected after 4 weeks incubation. isolated bacterial flora from the intestinal contents of apparently healthy pigeons showed a complete inhibitory ef ...	1978	345493
cryptococcal infections.		1978	346158
host defense in cryptococcosis. i. an in vivo model for evaluating immune response.	an inbred mouse model was used to evaluate in vivo host immune response to cryptococcus neoformans. within 1 week of immunization, mice developed delayed type hypersensitivity reactions (dth) to cryptococcal extracts derived from either culture filtrates or disrupted cells. there was no significant cross reactivity with extracts of other fungi. previous immunization provided considerable protection against subsequent challenge with multiple strains of cryptococci. dth also developed after nonimm ...	1978	346496
cryptococcal meningitis with false-positive cytology in the csf. use of t-cell rosetting to exclude meningeal lymphoma.		1978	347115
treatment of experimental murine cryptococcosis: a comparison of miconazole and amphotericin b.	miconazole was compared with amphotericin b in the treatment of murine cryptococcosis. both subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration of miconazole produced serum levels higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration for the challenge strain. however, maximal tolerable doses of miconazole gave no increase in survival. when combined with amphotericin b, miconazole demonstrated neither additive nor antagonistic effects on survival. spleen and brain counts of cryptococci were not lowered by ...	1978	348099
atypical isolate of cryptococcus neoformans cultured from sputum of a patient with pulmonary cancer and blastomycosis.	cryptococcus neoformans was isolated repeatedly from a patient with epider-moid carcinoma and pulmonary blastomycosis. the isolate was atypical in that it had only a minute capsule, caused persistent infection but no perceptible disease in mice, and initially appeared not to assimilate trehalose. only after an incubation of 2 to 3 weeks did utilization of this substrate become apparent.	1978	348724
complement depletion in cryptococcal sepsis.		1978	351055
carriage of cryptococcus neoformans in the crops of pigeons.	cryptococcus neoformans was found in the crops of four (1.3%) of 319 pigeons in the charity bird hospital and the university campus, delhi. it was demonstrated repeatedly at the bird hospital in old pigeon excreta as well as in the air. the findings substantiate the current view that the pigeon itself is not a reservoir of c. neoformans although it may serve as a carrier of the fungus.	1978	351186
[paralyzing sciatica caused by cryptococcus neoformans. demonstration of the fungus in urine culture].		1978	351556
[immuno-allergic assay with cryptococcin in police recruits of são paulo (brazil)].		1978	351774
cryptococcus neoformans: pseudohyphal forms surviving culture with acanthamoeba polyphaga.	during experiments on the gastrointestinal tract as a possible portal of entry for cryptococcus neoformans, we occasionally observed the free-living amoeba, acanthamoeba polyphaga, growing in the presence of c. neoformans cultured from mouse feces. examination of the amoebic trophozoites revealed that they were engorged with yeast cells. over a period of 2 to 3 weeks of incubation, the amoebae apparently killed most of the yeast cells. some of the surviving c. neoformans cells formed atypical co ...	1978	352931
pathogenesis, lethality, and immunizing effect of experimental cutaneous cryptococcosis.	mice were subcutaneously inoculated with small numbers of virulent cryptococcus neoformans and divided into groups. numbers of viable yeasts at the site were estimated at weekly intervals for 5 weeks on the basis of cultures of minced tissue excised from sacrificed animals. organisms multiplied at the site for at least 4 weeks and were still detectable after the 5th week, although in reduced numbers. agglutinins appeared within a week, but these antibodies were not detectable during the 2nd thro ...	1978	352944
rapid urea broth test for yeasts.	a rapid, miniaturized, urea broth test useful for detecting urease activity of yeasts was compared to christensen urea agar. all urease-producing yeasts tested were positive on both media; however, 60% were reactive in the urea r broth within 30 min, and the remainder were reactive within 4 h. this urea multiwell test may be useful as a rapid screening method for detecting urease-producing yeasts recovered from clinical specimens and as an adjunct test with other rapid methods of yeast identific ...	1978	353068
in vitro effect of aqueous extract of garlic (allium sativum) on the growth and viability of cryptococcus neoformans.		1978	353553
evaluation of a commercial multitest system for identification of yeasts.	a new commercial yeast identification system, the randolph multitest mycology plate, was evaluated. this system is based on the assimilation of carbohydrates, growth on birdseed agar, resistance to cycloheximide, hydrolysis of urea, and reduction of nitrate. the 184 clinical isolates used in the evaluation included 20 species of the genera candida, cryptococcus, saccharomyces, torulopsis, trichosporon, rhodotorula, and geotrichum. agreement with the standard wickerham carbohydrate assimilation a ...	1978	354378
comparative susceptibility of four kinds of pathogenic fungi to amphotericin b and amphotericin b methyl ester.	the activity of amphotericin b methyl ester was compared with that of amphotericin b, using candida albicans (34 isolates), torulopsis glabrata (12 isolates), filobasidiella neoformans (stat. conid. cryptococcus neoformans) (14 isolates), and coccidioides immitis (37 isolates) and tube dilution in a totally synthetic, completely defined medium (saamf) with inocula of 10(4) colony-forming units per ml. minimal inhibitory concentrations were read after 24 h at 34 degrees c for c. albicans and t. g ...	1978	354519
therapeutic failures with miconazole.	a retrospective review of therapeutic failures of miconazole in three patients is presented. miconazole, a new imidazole derivative, is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent purportedly effective topically, orally, and parenterally against a number of species of fungi. three patients with the following culturally proven deep fungal infections were treated with miconazole: (i) destructive arthritis (sporothrix schenckii), (ii) meningoencephalitis (cryptococcus neoformans), and (iii) disseminated aspe ...	1978	354523
the use of fluorescein-labelled lectins in the detection and identification of fungi pathogenic for man: a preliminary study.	fluorescein-labelled lectins of known specificities for different sugars were used in an attempt to identify fungi in paraffin sections of surgical and post-mortem material. aspergillus fumigatus, blastomyces dermatitidis, candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, paracoccidioides brasiliensis and rhizopus oryzae have been studied with five fluorescein-labelled lectins and with basis of differences in their reactions with these stains. the results accord well with what is known of the chemistry ...	1978	355633
[liquor-culture in central nervous system mycosis (author's transl)].	several possibilities of fungous etiology for meningo-encephalitis are shortly exposed, with the literature data on the liquor characters. methods for the identification of the most frequently met fungi in liquor are given, both on microscopical and cultural examinations. for cryptococcal meningo-encephalitis is suggested the research in liquor of the capsular polysaccharide, and a personal observation is reported.	1977	356775
evaluation of a simplified guizotia abyssinica seed medium for differentiation of cryptococcus neoformans.	a simplified guizotia abyssinica seed medium, eliminating glucose, creatinine, and phosphate, was evaluated for the isolation and presumptive identification of cryptococcus neoformans. of 80 isolates of c. neoformans tested, 69 (86%) developed the characteristic brown pigment within 12 h on this medium as against only 5 isolates (6%) on the complete medium. in primary cultures of experimentally seeded specimens of sputum, bronchial aspirate, soil, and pigeon excreta, c. neoformans was recognizab ...	1978	357441
cryptococcosis in columbiformes at the san diego zoo.	two cases of cryptococcosis in columbiformes exhibited at the san diego zoo are described. the organism isolated from the first case had morphological, chemical and temperature growth characteristics of c. neoformans. the culture from case 2 died before it could be examined biochemically or by mouse inoculation.	1978	357757
rapid presumptive identification of cryptococcus neoformans.	carbohydrate-containing extracts were prepared from mature yeast colonies grown on sabouraud dextrose agar by mixing a 0.001-ml loopful of yeast cells for 30 s in phenolized saline and removing the cells by centrifugation. extracts were prepared from 54 cryptococcus neoformans isolates, 29 isolates of other cryptococcus species, 16 isolates of candida species, 2 rhodotorula, 2 torulopsis, and 1 saccharomyces species. initially the carbohydrate content of each extract was estimated (molisch metho ...	1978	359587
biochemical differences between serotypes of cryptococcus neoformans.	prior studies have shown that c. neoformans isolates belonging to serotypes b and c differed from serotype a and d isolates in respect to the morphology of the perfect state, geographic distribution within the u.s.a. and frequency of isolation from avian droppings. the current study found that uptake of radiolabeled l-malic acid was approximately tenfold greater in serotype b and c than in a and d isolates. assimilation of l-malic, fumaric and succinic acids also distinguished serotypes b and c ...	1978	360440
phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans by normal and thioglycolate-activated macrophages.	phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans by normal and thioglycolate-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied. thioglycolate-activated macrophages exhibited a lower percent phagocytosis than did normal macrophages. differences in phagocytosis could not be attributed to differences in macrophage viability, minor variations in the concentration of adherent macrophages, or a general depression in activated macrophage phagocytosis. thioglycolate-activated macrophages required heat-labile op ...	1978	361575
[phagocytosis and proliferation of cryptococcus neoformans in stimulated macrophages of guinea pigs in vitro (author's transl)].		1978	363245
host defense in cryptococcosis. ii. cryptococcosis in the nude mouse.		1978	363279
evaluation of two commercially prepared biphasic media for recovery of fungi from blood.	recovery of six yeast species from blood was comparable in commercially prepared brain heart infusion biphasic and trypticase soy biphasic media. an increased recovery of 13% was noted when two bottles, each containing 5 ml of blood, were cultured, as compared to a 5-ml portion in a single culture bottle.	1978	363747
an ultrastructural examination of the interaction between macrophages and cryptococcus neoformans.	the interaction of mononuclear phagocytes with cryptococcus neoformans was examined in vitro and in vivo using ultrastructural techniques. immune serum roughens the surface of the yeast and in the first 2 hr, increases the number of organisms attaching to the macrophage surface, as well as the number of contacts between individual yeasts and the phagocyte. contact is established by means of thin filopodia and cytoplasmic flaps. during the next few days the macrophages increase in size, and, by i ...	1978	363987
the fungistatic effect of a human immunoglobulin preparation, gamastan, on phialophora dermatitidis.		1978	364305