Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| microfilament bundles in antheridial nuclei of achlya ambisexualis e 87. | this is the first report of intranuclear microfilaments within gametangial nuclei of oömycetous fungi. longitudinal sections of four to six microfilaments were frequently observed in meiotic antheridial nuclei of achlya ambisexualis. each microfilament measured approximately 7--10 nm in diameter. spindle tubules (25 nm in diameter) were also observed within some of the nuclei possessing microfilaments. | 1976 | 175750 |
| chromatin organization in the oomycete achlya ambisexualis. | nuclei from the oömycete achlya ambisexualis and rabbit kidney nuclei were digested with micrococcal nuclease and the resultant dna fragments analyzed on slab gels. the average dna repeat size was found to be 159 +/- 1.2 base pairs for achlya and 199.8 +/- 3.7 base pairs for rabbit kidney. the presence of a dna repeat size of 159 base pairs for achlya extends the characterization of eukaryotic chromatins to this most primitive and perhaps unique microbe. | 1979 | 420852 |
| a freeze-fracture study of hormone-induced branching in the fungus achlya. | the induction of the male sexual organ primordia (antheridial hyphae) by the steriod hormone antheridiol in the water mold achlya ambisexualis raper requires the production and secretion of the enzyme cellulase. it is postulated that a localized secretion of cellulase produces a limited area of wall hydrolysis that is blown out into a lateral bleb by turgor pressure. freeze-etch preparations show membrane profiles similar to those seen in other systems where exocytosis is occurring. such a mecha ... | 1981 | 494242 |
| basic nuclear proteins in the aquatic fungus achlya ambisexualis. | the complement of basic chromosomal proteins in the aquatic fungus achlya ambisexualis has been characterized. achlya nuclei contain proteins with electrophoretic mobilities on acetic acid/urea and dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels which are comparable to rabbit kidney histones h3, h4 and h2a. in contrast, the behavior of putative h2b and h1 proteins from achlya showed greater analogy on acid/urea gels to higher plant histones. a closely related water fungus saprolegnia ferax contained basic ... | 1979 | 497225 |
| restriction endonuclease mapping by crossed contact hybridization: the ribosomal rna genes of achlya ambisexualis. | a rapid, convenient and economical method for the hybridization of electrophoretically resolved rna to dna restriction fragments immobilized on nitrocellulose filters is described. dna was digested, electrophoresed on agarose gels in a wide band and transferred to a nitrocellulose filter. the filter was then placed on the surface of a second gel containing radioactively labeled rna electrophoresed under denaturing conditions in a similar way. the filter and gel were oriented so that the dna and ... | 1979 | 503861 |
| the insensitivity of mushroom nuclear rna polymerase activity to inhibition by amatoxins. | nuclear fractions isolated from amanita phalloides, amanita muscaria and agaricus bisporus were subjected to in vitro rna synthesis assays in the presence of various concentrations of amatoxins. the mushroom nuclei were highly insensitive to inhibition by amatoxin when compared to assays of nuclear fractions isolated from the oömycete fungus, achlya ambisexualis and from rabbit brain. | 1978 | 567964 |
| diversity and abundance of polyadenylated rna from achlya ambisexualis. | the diversity, abundance, and dna sequence representation of poly(adenylic acid) containing rna derived from cells of achlya ambisexualis cultured in defined and undefined media have been determined. the kinetics of hybridization of polyadenylated rna with complementary dna were the same for both culture conditions and revealed the presence of three frequency classes containing 29, 220, and 3000 different sequences of an average length of 1150 nucleotides. complexity estimates derived from exper ... | 1978 | 623740 |
| synaptonemal complexes in antheridia of achlya ambisexualis e87. | this is the first report of longitudinal sections of synaptonemal complexes in oömycetous fungi. these indicators of meiosis were observed in antheridial nuclei of achlya ambisexualis e87. they were attached to a platelike structure at the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope. the lateral elements were separated from each other by an average distance of 160nm. these results provide new ultrastructural evidence for gametangial meiosis in oömycetes. | 1977 | 860889 |
| cytosol-hormone stimulation of transcription in the aquatic fungus. achlya ambisexualis. | 1977 | 861022 | |
| the diguanosine nucleotides: do they exist in aquatic fungi? | the aquatic fungi achlya ambisexualis and blastocladiella emersonii were grown in the presence of 32pi and the 32p-labeled acid-soluble nucleotide fractions were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose. selected column fractions containing diguanosine tri- and tetra-phosphates (gp3g and gp4g) added as chromatographic markers were analyzed further for 32p by chromatography and (or) enzyme hydrolysis. the results of these experiments clearly indicate that neither gp4g nor gp3g is ... | 1977 | 890578 |
| effects of the steroid sex hormone, antheridiol, on the initiation of rna synthesis in the simple eukaryote, achlya ambisexualis. | 1977 | 925025 | |
| induction of specific proteins in hyphae of achlya ambisexualis by the steroid hormone antheridiol. | 1976 | 934302 | |
| hormonal stimulation of ribosomal rna synthesis in achlya ambisexualis. | the experiments reported show that one of the early effects of the steroid sex hormone antheridiol is on the synthesis of rrna and ribosomes. this is demonstrated in hormone treated cultures of achlya ambisexualis (strain e87) by an enhancement of the incorporation of [3h]uridine into 26s and 18s rrna and by an increase in measurable amounts of ribosomes per milligram dry weight of mycelium. furthermore, since the hormone does not significantly alter the pool size or the specific activity of uri ... | 1975 | 1220857 |
| regulatory sequences for expressing genes in oomycete fungi. | promoter and terminator sequences from a range of species were tested for activity in the oomycetes, a group of lower fungi that bear an uncertain taxonomic affinity to other organisms and in which little is known of the sequences required for transcription. transient assays, using the reporter gene beta-glucuronidase (gus), were used to examine the function of these promoters and terminators in the plant pathogens phytophthora infestans and p. megasperma f. sp. glycinea, and in the saprophytic ... | 1992 | 1495476 |
| a method of sequencing without subcloning and its application to the identification of a novel orf with a sequence suggestive of a transcriptional regulator in the water mold achlya ambisexualis. | genomic amplification with transcript sequencing (gawts) is a method of direct sequencing that involves amplification with pcr using primers containing phage promoters, transcription of the amplified product, and sequencing with reverse transcriptase. gawts requires the generation of pcr primers that are specific for the sequences on both sides of a region. here we describe promoter ligation and transcript sequencing (plats), a direct method for rapidly obtaining novel sequences that utilizes ge ... | 1990 | 1689271 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of two distinct hsp85 sequences from the steroid responsive fungus achlya ambisexualis. | in achlya ambisexualis, hsp85 is one of the characteristic mycelial heat shock proteins induced in response to a rapid elevation in temperature (silver et al. 1983). this heat shock protein has the same electrophoretic mobility on two-dimensional gels and is antigenically related to an 85 kda steroid hormone-regulated protein which constitutes a component of the putative achlya steroid hormone-receptor complex. we report here the isolation of two distinct, yet highly related, hsp85 gene sequence ... | 1991 | 1913877 |
| heat shock protein 88 and aspergillus infection. | immunoblotting was used to dissect the antibody responses in the sera of 50 patients with proven invasive aspergillosis, 28 patients with suspected invasive aspergillosis, 35 patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and 10 patients with an aspergilloma. this demonstrated the immunodominance of antigenic bands at 88, 84, 51, and 40 kda. monoclonal antibodies against the heat shock protein 90 complexes of candida albicans and the water mold achlya ambisexualis identified these four a ... | 1991 | 1939562 |
| steroid hormone regulation of the achlya ambisexualis 85-kilodalton heat shock protein, a component of the achlya steroid receptor complex. | the steroid hormone antheridiol regulates sexual development in the fungus achlya ambisexualis. analyses of in vivo-labeled proteins from hormone-treated cells revealed that one of the characteristic antheridiol-induced proteins appeared to be very similar to the achyla 85-kilodalton (kda) heat shock protein. analysis of in vitro translation products of rna isolated from control, heat-shocked, or hormone-treated cells demonstrated an increased accumulation of mrna encoding a similar 85-kda prote ... | 1990 | 2294405 |
| immunofluorescence colocalization of the 90-kda heat-shock protein and microtubules in interphase and mitotic mammalian cells. | a mouse monoclonal antibody (ac88) that was raised against the 88-kda heat-shock protein of the water mold, achlya ambisexualis, and that cross-reacts with the 90-kda mammalian heat-shock protein (hsp90), and an antibody against tubulin were used to localize hsp90 and microtubules, respectively, in the same cultured rat endothelial and ptk1 epithelial cells by indirect immunofluorescence. ac88 and tubulin antibodies labeled the same structures in cells at all stages of the cell cycle, regardless ... | 1989 | 2693091 |
| expression of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene in aquatic filamentous fungus achlya ambisexualis. | we have constructed a plasmid vector psv2neo-mk alpha g in which the structural tk gene for herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsv-tk) was placed downstream from the metallothionein-i promoter. the vector also contained the selection marker aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (km). this vector was able to transform the filamentous fungus achlya ambisexualis and g-418-resistant colonies were obtained. southern blot analyses revealed that multiple bands hybridizing to the hsv tk gene probe we ... | 1987 | 2828182 |
| the effect of papulacandin b on (1----3)-beta-d-glucan synthetases. a possible relationship between inhibition and enzyme conformation. | the antibiotic, papulacandin b, inhibited growth or (1----3)-beta-d-glucan synthetase (or both) in the fungi saccharomyces cerevisiae, hansenula anomala, neurospora crassa, cryptococcus laurentii, schizophyllum commune and wangiella dermatitidis. no effect was observed on achlya ambisexualis. there was no apparent correlation between the inhibition of growth and that of the synthetase. with most of the fungal extracts, the inhibition of glucan synthetase by papulacandin b became less pronounced ... | 1986 | 2942248 |
| stimulation of beta(1----3)glucan synthetase of various fungi by nucleoside triphosphates: generalized regulatory mechanism for cell wall biosynthesis. | particulate fractions from the taxonomically diverse fungi achlya ambisexualis, hansenula anomala, neurospora crassa, cryptococcus laurentii, schizophyllum commune, and wangiella dermatitidis were found to catalyze the time-dependent incorporation of glucose from udp-[14c]glucose into a water-insoluble material. the reaction was stimulated by bovine serum albumin. the product was characterized as beta(1----3)glucan on the basis of its resistance to alpha- and beta-amylase and susceptibility to b ... | 1985 | 3156122 |
| the effects of environmental stress on steroid receptor levels and steroid-induced morphogenesis in achlya ambisexualis. | incubation of achlya ambisexualis at elevated temperature (heat shock) or in the presence of sodium arsenite resulted in an inhibition of steroid hormone-induced responsiveness. the effect of heat shock was time- and temperature-dependent and more severe than the effect of sodium arsenite. incubation at 37 degrees c for 30 min completely abolished the steroid-induced response and full recovery was not observed until 6 h after a return to the normal growth temperature of 22 degrees c. heat shock ... | 2011 | 3191951 |
| dna-mediated transformation in the aquatic filamentous fungus achlya ambisexualis. | a dna-mediated transformation system was developed for the aquatic filamentous fungus achlya ambisexualis using the chimeric plasmid vector psv2neo2 microns. hyphal colonies resistant to the neomycin analogue g-418 sulphate were regenerated from transformed protoplasts on soft agar. southern blot analyses of the transformed-cell dna produced multiple hybridization bands, suggesting integration of vector dna into the host genome at multiple sites. northern blot analyses revealed the presence of t ... | 1988 | 3246595 |
| the molybdate-stabilized glucocorticoid binding complex of l-cells contains a 98-100 kdalton steroid binding phosphoprotein and a 90 kdalton nonsteroid-binding phosphoprotein that is part of the murine heat-shock complex. | this paper summarizes our work performed with glucocorticoid-binding complexes in molybdate-stabilized cytosol prepared from 32p-labeled l-cells. in our early work, we showed that cytosol prepared from 32p-labeled l-cells contains two phosphoproteins (a 90 and a 98-100 kdalton protein) that elute from an affinity resin of deoxycorticosterone agarose in a manner consistent with the predicted behavior of the glucocorticoid receptor. both phosphoproteins are immunoadsorbed onto protein-a-sepharose ... | 1986 | 3517499 |
| cellular localization of steroid hormone-regulated proteins during sexual development in achlya. | in the fungus achlya ambisexualis sexual development in the male strain e87 is controlled by the steroid hormone antheridiol. to investigate the effects of antheridiol on the synthesis and/or accumulation of specific cellular proteins we have analysed [35s]methionine-labeled proteins from control and hormone-treated cells using both one-dimensional (1d) and two-dimensional (2d) page. since in a total cell extract, hormone-induced changes in specific proteins might not be apparent against a backg ... | 2013 | 3720852 |
| heat-shock-induced changes in the phosphorylation of ribosomal and ribosome-associated proteins in the filamentous fungus achlya ambisexualis. | in the filamentous fungus achlya ambisexualis, heat shock resulted in a rapid reduction in the rate of protein synthesis. this was accompanied by dephosphorylation of a prominent basic 30 kd protein associated with the small subunit of achlya ribosomes and which may be analogous to ribosomal protein s6 of vertebrates. a large ribosomal subunit protein with a relative molecular weight (mw) of 24,500 exhibited increased phosphorylation during heat shock, while a second large subunit protein having ... | 1987 | 3803446 |
| calmodulin from the water mold achlya ambisexualis: isolation and characterization. | a protein-activator of bovine cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from the water mold achlya ambisexualis has been affinity-purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity. the heat-stable protein is similar in amino acid content and electrophoretic mobility on sds acrylamide gels, to bovine brain calmodulin. it also cross-reacts with antibodies raised to the bovine protein. achlya calmodulin activates pde increasing its activity up to 9-fold in a ca2+-dependent manner. the mold protein appears ... | 1985 | 3995600 |
| effect of culture medium composition on pheromone receptor levels in achlya ambisexualis. | sexual reproduction in the eukaryotic fungi achlya is controlled by two steroid pheromones. antheridiol is the steroid released by female cells that induces male sexual differentiation. the antheridiol-induced response of male cells has been shown to be influenced by the composition of the culture medium. the present study was designed to determine if the composition of the culture media might also affect the levels of antheridiol binding protein in the cytosol of male cells. the mycelial conten ... | 1985 | 4068709 |
| immunological evidence that the nonhormone binding component of avian steroid receptors exists in a wide range of tissues and species. | a monoclonal antibody to a fungal protein has been used to demonstrate the presence of the nonhormone binding component of molybdate-stabilized steroid receptors in a variety of vertebrate tissues. we recently identified a steroid receptor in the aquatic fungus achlya ambisexualis where sexual morphogenesis of the male is directed by the steroid antheridiol. this receptor resembles receptors of higher organisms in exhibiting an 8s, molybdate-stabilized form. in the chick oviduct, a 90 000 molecu ... | 1985 | 4084541 |
| sexual morphogenesis in achlya: ultrastructural basis for the hormonal induction of antheridial hyphae. | male strains of the water mold achlya ambisexualis produce antheridial hyphae in response to the steroid hormone antheridiol. the antheridial hypha is postulated to be initiated through a localized wall softening with the enzyme cellulase. freeze-etch studies of hormone-treated hyphae were conducted to determine if aggregates of vesicles are induced at the location of new antheridial hyphae. localized aggregates of vesicles were found in conjunction with areas of wall thinning. these data sugges ... | 1974 | 4524641 |
| cellulase localization in hyphae of achlya ambisexualis. | cellulase (ec 3.2.1.4; beta-1, 4-glucan glucanohydrolase) was localized at the ultrastructural level and found to occur in dictyosomes and vesicles, around the periphery of unidentified storage bodies, between the plasmalemma and the cell wall, and on the outer surface of the cell wall in the male strain (e87) of achlya ambisexualis after treatment with the sex hormone antheridiol. | 1974 | 4811548 |
| hormonal regulation of presumptive mrna in the fungus achlya ambisexualis. | 1974 | 4833239 | |
| hormone-induced differentiation of antheridial branches in achlya ambisexualis: dependence on ribonucleic acid synthesis. | 2016 | 4837576 | |
| nutrition and antheridiol-induced branching in achlya ambisexualis. | 2000 | 5448283 | |
| hyphal tip growth in achlya. ii. subcellular localization of cellulase and associated enzymes. | the isolation and characterization of cellulase-containing membranes of achlya ambisexualis raper was attempted by differential and density gradient centrifugations. maximum cellulase activity was found at an isopycnic density of 1.19 g/cm3, although some activity was found at other densities. a similar distribution of activity was shown by idpase, atpase, udpg transferase, and by sedimentable carbohydrate. the coequilibration and steady enrichment of these activities during purification suggest ... | 1980 | 6109563 |
| changes in gene expression during sporangium formation in achlya ambisexualis. | 1982 | 6178631 | |
| changes in chromatin and the phosphorylation of nuclear proteins during heat shock of achlya ambisexualis. | heat shock led to marked changes in the apparent levels of phosphorylation of nuclear proteins in the fungus achlya ambisexualis. we characterized these heat shock-induced changes in nuclear proteins on two types of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel systems. we report here that one of two achlya h3 histones (h3.1) and also the oomycete histone alpha appear to be highly phosphorylated with heat shock. additional changes observed in acid-soluble nuclear proteins included an apparent increase in t ... | 1984 | 6504045 |
| analysis of the steroid receptor of achlya ambisexualis. | we have previously reported the discovery of a specific high-affinity binding protein for the fungal sex steroid pheromone antheridiol in the cytosol of achlya ambisexualis male cells. in this report, we describe the fractionation of the binding protein from the cytosol by ammonium sulfate precipitation, the optimization of in vitro conditions for radioligand binding assays, and some of the biochemical properties of the binding protein. in the presence of sodium molybdate, the macromolecule has ... | 1984 | 6511795 |
| detection of a pheromone-binding protein in the aquatic fungus achlya ambisexualis. | sexual reproduction among the eukaryotic fungi of the genus, achlya, is controlled by two steroid pheromones. antheridiol is the pheromone constitutively produced by female cells that induces male sexual differentiation and development. a biologically active tritium-labeled derivative of antheridiol, [1,2-3h]7-deoxy-7-dihydro-antheridiol ( [3h]7da), has been synthesized. radioligand-binding studies have revealed the presence of a specific binding protein in the cytosol of male cells that may rep ... | 1984 | 6734758 |
| alterations in gene expression during heat shock of achlya ambisexualis. | when exponentially growing cultures of achlya ambisexualis strain e87 were raised from their normal growth temperature of 30 degrees c to 35 degrees c, the rates of synthesis of a small number of proteins were dramatically increased. the most predominant proteins synthesized in response to heat shock had molecular weights of 70,000 and 78,000, and their increased synthesis was detected as early as 10 min after the shift to 35 degrees c. changes in the populations of translatable messenger rnas d ... | 1982 | 7056694 |
| synthesis, glycosylation and rapid secretion of a glycoprotein by achlya, a primitive eucaryote. | achlya ambisexualis, a water mold, secretes several glycoproteins during exponential growth. among these is a major protein of 39 000 daltons (protein a-39) which is secreted very rapidly. protein a-39 is detected among the soluble cellular proteins labeled for 5 min. however, after longer labeling times, an additional 95 000 dalton glycoprotein was immunoprecipitated from among the cytoplasmic proteins by antiserum against protein a-39. this antiserum reacted with a single 37 000 dalton protein ... | 1981 | 7236724 |
| hyphal tip growth in achlya. i. cytoplasmic organization. | growing apices of achlya ambisexualis raper hyphae were examined by electron microscopy using cytochemical techniques. apical vesicles can be grouped into two major classes based upon size and cytochemical reactions. vesicles of the most prominent class are about 150 nm in diameter and possess contents which appear fibrous in thin section. this fibrous material reacts positively with the periodic acid-silver methenamine (pasm) cytochemical test for polysaccharides. most of these same vesicles al ... | 1980 | 7459726 |
| chs2, a chitin synthase gene from the oomycete saprolegnia monoica. | pcr was used to amplify fragments corresponding to the chitin synthase (chs) genes from the oomycetes saprolegnia monoica, phytophthora capsici and achlya ambisexualis, utilizing as primers, oligonucleotides designed from the conserved region of chs genes of chitinous fungi. chitin synthase homologues were found in the three cellulosic fungi. the chitin synthase 2 gene (chs2) from s. monoica was cloned, sequenced and characterized. the amino acid sequence deduced from the chs2 genomic dna reveal ... | 1997 | 9202477 |
| hsp90-containing multiprotein complexes in the eukaryotic microbe achlya. | in the oomycete fungus achlya ambisexualis, hyphae of the male strain undergo sexual differentiation in the presence of the steroid hormone antheridiol. earlier studies demonstrated that antheridiol binds with high affinity to a 9s multiprotein complex from a. ambisexualis cytosols. although these complexes were found to contain the heat shock protein hsp90, the other components were not known. it was of interest to determine if any of the other protein components in the achlya hsp90-heterocompl ... | 1998 | 9585181 |
| regulation of hsp90 and hsp70 genes during antheridiol-induced hyphal branching in the oomycete achlya ambisexualis. | when mycelia of achlya ambisexualis j. raper strain e87 were undergoing antheridial branching, a marked increase was observed in the levels of transcript populations encoding the heat shock protein chaperone hsp90 and transcript populations encoding three different hsp70-family heat shock protein chaperones, respectively. although up to 90% of hyphae in the hormone-treated thalli were undergoing antheridial branching, no similar increase in the level of transcripts encoding actin was observed. n ... | 1998 | 9756712 |
| proteolytic release of membrane-bound endo-(1,4)-beta-glucanase activity associated with cell wall softening in achlya ambisexualis. | branching and other cell wall softening events in fungi and oomycetes are thought to involve the activity of secreted enzymes, which are packaged in membrane vesicles and delivered to sites of cell expansion, there to work in a carefully regulated manner upon the structure of the wall. here we demonstrate a latent endo-(1,4)-beta-glucanase activity in a mixed membrane fraction of the oomycete achlya ambisexualis, which can be released by cysteine proteases with an increase of apparent activity. ... | 2002 | 11888168 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of two different cdnas encoding the molecular chaperone hsp90 in the oomycete achlya ambisexualis. | the chaperone hsp90 plays a key role in the maturation and activation of many 'client' proteins in eukaryotic cells. in the oomycete achlya ambisexualis two populations of hsp90 transcripts that differ slightly in size (2.8 and 2.9 kb) are present in heat-shocked mycelia. only the 2.8 kb transcripts are seen in vegetative mycelia and in mycelia undergoing antheridiol-induced differentiation. two different hsp90 cdnas were isolated and characterized. although nearly identical, an additional eight ... | 2004 | 14732269 |
| fungal heat-shock proteins in human disease. | heat-shock proteins (hsps) have been identified as molecular chaperones conserved between microbes and man and grouped by their molecular mass and high degree of amino acid homology. this article reviews the major hsps of saccharomyces cerevisiae, their interactions with trehalose, the effect of fermentation and the role of the heat-shock factor. information derived from this model, as well as from neurospora crassa and achlya ambisexualis, helps in understanding the importance of hsps in the pa ... | 2006 | 16438680 |
| hormonal control of sexual morphogenesis in achlya: dependence on protein and ribonucleic acid syntheses. | the induction of the male sexual organ primordia (antheridial hyphae) by the steroid hormone antheridiol in the water mold achlya ambisexualis requires both transcription and translation. inhibition of either of these processes eliminates the expected increase in the production and release of the enzyme cellulase, which accompanies the formation of the antheridial hyphae. | 1973 | 17743604 |
| isolation and characterization of an endo-(1,4)-{beta}-glucanase secreted by achlya ambisexualis. | models of wall loosening in fungi and other walled eukaryotes require the action of proteins able to reduce the degree of linkage between components of the wall. in the oomycete achlya ambisexualis, such a role has been proposed for a suite of endoglucanases that are secreted during branching and during the measurable wall softening associated with osmotic stress. we report here the isolation and characterization of one of these isoenzymes. the enzyme has a molecular weight of 32 kda, a ph optim ... | 2010 | 21156564 |
| isolation of rna polymerases from the water mold achlya. | the dna-dependent rna polymerases i, ii, and iii (ribonucleosidetriphosphate: rna nucleotidyl-transferase, ec 2.7.7.6) from achlya ambisexualis e87 (male), have been isolated. the highly purified rna polymerase i was found to be composed of polypeptides with the following molecular weights (·10(-4)): 18.5, 14, 11.8, 7.3, 6.1, 4.9, 4.4, 2.8. rna polymerase ii showed a 400-fold higher resistance against α-amanitin than mammalian or higher plant rna polymerase ii. | 1982 | 24275917 |