Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the effect of light and temperature on the growth of two subtropical and two temperate grass species. | the effect of light intensity and temperature on the growth of young plants of two temperate (lolium perenne, festuca arundinacea) and two subtropical (lolium rigidum, bromus unioloides) grass species was studied in the northern part of the gdr under open-air conditions. it was found that the subtropical species reacted highly sensitive to changes in the two environmental factors and showed absolutely higher growth performance during the summer as compared with the temperate species. the multipl ... | 1976 | 985302 |
| induction of fescue foot syndrome in cattle by fractionated extracts of toxic fescue hay. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea shreb) hay from a source known to cause "fescue foot" in grazing cattle was extracted with 80% ethanol. the ethanolic extract was further refined and fractionated into cation,nion, and neutral f fractions by ion-exchange chromatography. the cation fraction was partitioned with alkaline-chloroform to give chloroform-extractable cation and residual cation fractions. all fractions plus the crude ethanolic extract were assayed for toxic activity by intraperitoneal in ... | 1975 | 1163875 |
| forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: ii. stocker systems. | fall weaned angus calves grazed stockpiled 1) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), 2) tall fescue-red clover (trifolium pratense l.), or 3) tall fescue-alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) or were barn-fed, 4) tall fescue hay, 5) orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.)-alfalfa hay, or 6) tall fescue silage from late october to early april during each of 5 yr. infection of the fescue with acremonium coenophialum ranged from 0 to 55%. there were two replications each of steers and heifers for each fora ... | 1992 | 1312526 |
| voluntary intake and ingestive behavior of steers grazing johnstone or endophyte-infected kentucky-31 tall fescue. | effects of grazing low-endophyte (acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams, less than 1% infection) johnstone (j) or high-endophyte (60% infection) kentucky-31 (k) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) on grazing behavior and voluntary intake were studied. six angus steers (average initial bw = 326 kg) grazed 1.21-ha plots of each forage cultivar (three steers per cultivar) in four 28-d periods beginning may 27. daytime observations (0630 until 2130) revealed that j steers spent more (p ... | 1992 | 1316348 |
| molecular biology and evolution of the grass endophytes. | acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones et w. gams is a maternally transmitted fungal symbiont (endophyte) of the important forage grass festuca arundinacea schreb. (tall fescue), and provides biological protection and enhanced fitness to its host, but its anti-mammalian ergot alkaloids detract from the usefulness of tall fescue as forage for livestock. molecular genetic techniques and materials are being developed in order to specifically eliminate the gene(s) encoding the first enzyme in ergot al ... | 1992 | 1344918 |
| transgenic plants of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) obtained by direct gene transfer to protoplasts. | chimeric hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) genes were introduced, using polyethylene glycol treatment, into protoplasts isolated from embryogenic cell suspension cultures of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), a graminaceous plant that is an important forage crop in temperate pastures. colonies resistant to either 200 mg/l hygromycin or 100 mg/l phosphinothricin, respectively, were recovered upon selection using bead-type culture systems. sta ... | 1992 | 1369399 |
| transformation of acremonium coenophialum, a protective fungal symbiont of the grass festuca arundinacea. | acremonium coenophialum is a mutualistic mycosymbiont and natural agent of biological protection of the widely distributed grass festuca arundinacea (tall fescue). an electroporative transformation system was developed for a. coenophialum. segments of dna 5' to the beta-tubulin gene (tub2) of the closely related ascomycete epichloë typhina, fused to the escherichia coli hph gene encoding hygromycin b phosphotransferase, conferred hygromycin resistance when introduced into a. coenophialum by elec ... | 1992 | 1423727 |
| implant and copper oxide needles for steers grazing acremonium coenophialum-infected tall fescue pastures: effects on grazing and subsequent feedlot performance and serum constituents. | two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of a progesterone-estradiol implant (pei) with no implant (ni) and 20 g of copper oxide needles (cuon) with no cuon on grazing, subsequent feedlot performance, and selected serum constituents of steers. in exp. 1, 114 limousin crossbred yearling steers (317 kg average initial bw) were stocked continuously on acremonium coenophialum-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-ladino clover (trifolium repens l.) pastures (c) or were rota ... | 1992 | 1429296 |
| effects of feeding diets containing endophyte-infected fescue seed on luteinizing hormone secretion in postpartum beef cows and in cyclic heifers and cows. | two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding endophyte (acremonium coenophialum)-infected fescue (festuca arundinacea shreb.) seed on lh secretion in postpartum beef cows and in cycling heifers and cows. in exp. 1, spring-calving primiparous angus cows (n = 16) were pair-fed for 75 d diets that contained endophyte-free or endophyte-infected (95%) fescue seed that contained 1.3 micrograms/g of ergovaline and 5.2 mg/g of saturated pyrrolizidines. serial blood samples for bas ... | 1992 | 1459910 |
| metabolic fates of u-14c-labelled monosaccharides and an enzyme-treated cell-wall substrate in the fowl. | a major benefit of supplementing non-ruminant feedstuffs with exogenous enzymes is presumed to be the degradation of plant cell-wall polysaccharides to metabolizable monosaccharide residues. in the present study, metabolic fates of (u-14c-labelled, 10 mm) glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and arabinose were compared in the fowl, by measuring recoveries of 14c radioactivity in exhaled carbon dioxide excreta and body tissues after administration either by wing vein (iv) or into the crop (ic). a ... | 1992 | 1547197 |
| forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: i. cow-calf production. | six year-round, all-forage, three-paddock systems for beef cow-calf production were used to produce five calf crops during a 6-yr period. forages grazed by cows during spring, summer, and early fall consisted of one paddock of 1) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-ladino clover (trifolium repens l.) or 2) kentucky blue-grass (poa pratensis l.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.). each of these forage mixtures was combined in a factorial arrangement with two paddocks of either 1) fescue-red ... | 1992 | 1548221 |
| effects of grass species on grazing steers: i. diet composition and ingestive mastication. | in traditional grazing trials, per animal and per hectare productivity are determined, but pasture and animal measurements are generally inadequate to address reasons for different treatment responses. this 2-yr study examined the diet and diet characteristics of steers grazing tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), flaccidgrass (pennisetum flaccidum griseb.), and bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.) pastures. a randomized complete block design was us ... | 1991 | 1648065 |
| intergeneric somatic hybridization in gramineae: somatic hybrid plants between tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.). | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) protoplasts, inactivated by iodoacetamide, and non-morphogenic italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) protoplasts, both derived from suspension cultures, were electrofused and putative somatic hybrid plants were recovered. two different genotypic fusion combinations were carried out and several green plants were regenerated in one of them. with respect to plant habitus, leaf and inflorescence morphology, the regenerants had phenotypes intermediate be ... | 1991 | 1753939 |
| energy and protected protein supplements to lambs on endophyte-infected tall fescue pasture. | the effect of supplements on intake, digestibility, n retention, adg and blood and body composition of growing lambs fed cut herbage or grazing ky 31 tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pastures at two levels of n fertilization (92 and 318 kg/ha) was determined. supplements were corn (c), corn with soybean meal (u-sbm) and corn with heat-treated sbm (h-sbm). metabolism trials were run at three growth stages in the 1st yr with 24 lambs. although all supplements increased total dmi and dm di ... | 1991 | 2005030 |
| technical note: sampling technique and drying method effects on chemical composition of tall fescue or fescue-ladino clover pasture samples. | although esophageal extrusa is the most readily accepted representation of forage consumed by grazing ruminants, esophageal sampling is demanding from the standpoint of animal care and maintenance and extrusa processing. this experiment was conducted with a split-plot design to evaluate the effects of pasture type, pasture sampling technique and drying method on estimation of grazed forage composition. ten esophageally fistulated steers grazed pastures of either tall fescue (festuca arundinacea ... | 1991 | 2005036 |
| selenium tolerance, salt tolerance, and selenium accumulation in tall fescue lines. | high levels of soil salinity and se concentration are coexisting problems in the san joaquin valley, california. tall fescue is a potentially useful crop plant for land management in soils containing elevated concentrations of se and salinity. information regarding its physiological mechanism and genetic variation of se accumulation in this species is scant. thirteen tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) lines were examined for se and salt tolerances and se accumulation in nutrient solution ... | 1991 | 2060486 |
| induction of tall fescue toxicosis in heat-stressed cattle and its alleviation with thiamin. | livestock grazing endophyte (acremonium coenophialum)-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb. cv. kentucky 31) at high ambient temperatures may suffer from fescue toxicosis. adult angus cows (bos taurus) were fed 0 to 1 kg/d of 70% infected tall fescue seed containing about 4.4 g of loline alkaloids in factorial combination with thiamin at 0 or 1 g/d. cows assigned to the zero level of tall fescue seed received a supplement of equivalent energy and protein. ingestive behavior was measu ... | 1991 | 2061231 |
| effects of grass species on grazing steers: ii. dry matter intake and digesta kinetics. | animal responses to treatments in grazing experiments frequently remain unexplained because of inadequate pasture and(or) animal measurements. this 2-yr study examined dmi, gastrointestinal tract fill of undigested dm (fill), rate of digesta passage (rop), and digesta mean retention time (mrt) for steers grazing tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), flaccidgrass (pennisetum flaccidum griseb.), and bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.). a randomized co ... | 1991 | 2061249 |
| high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 4-methylimidazole in sheep plasma and in ammoniated tall fescue hay. | a method for 4-methylimidazole (4mi) extraction and quantitation in body fluids and forage samples was developed. the procedures involve ion-pair extraction of the compound with the quantitation done by ion-pair liquid chromatography. the results indicate that this high-performance liquid chromatographic method is sensitive, reproducible and more rapid than others that have been previously used. the mean recovery of 4mi from plasma and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) hay samples were above 95 ... | 1990 | 2079523 |
| forage composition and intake by steers grazing vegetative regrowth in low endophyte tall fescue pasture. | a grazing trial was conducted with six half-sib yearling angus steers (average initial weight 281 kg) to quantitate nutrient composition and voluntary intake of vegetative regrowth forage in low-endophyte (acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams) kentucky-31 tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pasture. a new .6-ha section in each of two 3.0-ha pastures (three steers/pasture) was clipped to a 5-cm height on five consecutive days to establish a series of plots that could be grazed cont ... | 1990 | 2211414 |
| neuroendocrine measurements in steers grazed on endophyte-infected fescue. | dopamine (da), serotonin (5ht) and selected precursors and metabolites were measured in the anterior pituitary gland, hypothalamus and pineal gland, along with serum prolactin (prl) and average daily gains (adg), in steers (n = 6/group) grazing endophyte (acremonium coenophialum)-infected and noninfected fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb). paddocks (two/treatment) were designated 100f and 0f (100 and 0% infection, respectively). after 6 wk, three animals from one of the 100f paddocks were excha ... | 1990 | 2254203 |
| mefluidide treatment of tall fescue pastures: forage quality. | spring application of a plant growth regulator, mefluidide, to tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pastures grazed from may to september reduced (p less than .05) available dm and digestible om per hectare by 51 and 41%, respectively, compared to untreated pastures. however, seasonal averages for n, ca and p content and in vitro om disappearance (omd) were greater (p less than .05) and ndf was lower (p less than .05) in tall fescue from mefluidide-treated pastures than in untreated pasture ... | 2007 | 2254211 |
| growth and reproductive performance of ewe lambs fed corn or soybean meal while grazing pasture. | in a 2-yr study a total of 120 suffolk and suffolk-cross ewe lambs, approximately 3 mo of age, were assigned within weight strata to one of three treatments: 1) control, pasture only (c), 2) .09 kg soybean meal/(hd.d) (sbm) plus pasture or 3) .45 kg whole shelled corn/(hd.) plus pasture to compare growth and reproductive performance and to determine lamb selectivity of forage quality and type. each year, supplements were offered from june through the 3rd wk in november. ewe lambs were managed as ... | 1990 | 2303397 |
| thiamin supplementation and the ingestive behavior of beef cattle grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. | livestock grazing endophyte (acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams)-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) perform poorly due to tall fescue toxicosis, especially when animals are under heat stress. in order to determine whether thiamin promotes recovery from tall fescue toxicosis, 1 or 0 g of thiamin per day, as mononitrate, was fed orally to adult angus (bos taurus) cows (380 +/- 8 kg) grazing either tall fescue pasture with and without endophyte or alfalfa (medicago sativa ... | 1990 | 2365641 |
| importance of the development of veterinary toxicology in argentina. | the different types of toxic substances that affect farm animals in argentina are described. these substances include (a) toxic plants, such as solanum glaucophyllum, baccharis coridifolia, festuca arundinacea; (b) mycotoxins, such as zearalenone, tremorgenic mycotoxins, and ergoalkaloid; (c) trace elements, such as fluorine, copper, molybdenum, and arsenic; and (d) others, such as toxic algae and pesticides. the direct and indirect economic loss of farm animals associated with these toxic subst ... | 1989 | 2590495 |
| the effect of feeding endophyte infected tall fescue seed on reproductive performance in female rats. | female sprague-dawley rats (rattus norvegicus) were randomly assigned to diets containing mixtures of rat chow and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) seed with 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40% infection levels of acremonium coenophialum to assess the effect of the diets on the reproductive potential of rats. rats fed 40% infected seed had decreased body weight, decreased mean percent body weight of uteri, failed to maintain normal estrous cycles and were unable to become pregnant. animals fed a diet of 20% i ... | 1987 | 2885129 |
| the effect of feeding tall fescue seed infected by acremonium coenophialum on pregnancy and parturition in female rats. | 1. female sprague-dawley rats (rattus norvegicus) were randomly assigned to various dietary treatments containing: (1) 100% purina rodent chow, ad libitum; (2) same as 1, but restricted to daily intake of 7; (3) 50% rodent chow (w/w) and 50% endophyte-free tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) seed; (4) same as 3, but restricted to intake of 5; (5) 50% rodent chow, 25% endophyte-free tall fescue seed and 25% endophyte-infected (acremonium coenophialum) tall fescue seed; (6) 50% rodent chow, 12.5% en ... | 1988 | 2899007 |
| effects of endophyte-infected fescue on concentrations of prolactin in blood sera and the anterior pituitary and concentrations of dopamine and dopamine metabolites in brains of steers. | an experiment was conducted to determine if the decrease in circulating concentrations of prolactin in cattle consuming endophyte (acremonium coenophialum) -infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) was associated with changes in prolactin concentrations in the anterior pituitary and concentrations of dopamine (da) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetic acid (dopac) and homovanillic acid (hva) in the stalk median eminence (sme), preoptic area (poa) and hypothalamus (hp). six crossbred s ... | 1988 | 3378927 |
| [survival of azospirillum in the rhizosphere of festuca arundinacea]. | in two experiments festuca seeds (4 or 20 seeds/pot in first or second experiment respectively) were inoculated with azospirillum strains (sp 7, mutant streptomycin resistant and g strain) in controlled laboratory conditions. two illumination regimes were employed (197 and 274 microe. m-2.s-1, respectively). sp 7 cell number was determined during both experiments. the total number of diazotrophic bacteria was also determined on different dates. in both experiments the control pots received the s ... | 1985 | 3870740 |
| influence of copper supplementation on blood and liver copper in cattle fed tall fescue or quackgrass. | copper concentrations were measured in naturally cu-deficient and cu-supplemented yearling hereford heifers fed tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) or quackgrass (agropyron repens [l] beauv.) forage. the data were used to establish a relationship between dietary cu supplementation and accumulation of liver cu, and to test the influence of diet and cu supplementation on blood plasma cu and ceruloplasmin oxidase activity. dietary cu supplementation was positively correlated with accumulation ... | 1986 | 3957807 |
| b chromosomes and chromosome pairing in lolium perenne x festuca arundinacea hybrid. | 2015 | 4517052 | |
| mode of chromosome pairing in the polyhaploid tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb. 2n=42). | 1970 | 5518437 | |
| effects of extracts of toxic fescue given orally to rats. | fresh fescue (festuca arundinacea) was obtained from farms where toxicity was encountered in cattle grazing the fescue. the fescue was dried in a forced draft oven at 60 degrees c and then ground. the dry ground fescue was extracted with ether and then re-extracted with either 1% sodium bicarbonate (nahco3), sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. the residual ether was evaporated and the residue resuspended in ethyl alcohol diluted with water 1% (control) and 1 ml of the above extracts of fescue ... | 1981 | 6266622 |
| toxic factors in tall fescue. | tall fescue ( festuca arundinacea schreb .), a well adapted perennial grass grown in the transition zone of the u.s., frequently produces toxic symptoms and(or) reduced animal performance. specific syndromes associated with tall fescue include fescue foot, summer syndrome and fat necrosis. summer syndrome is related to high environmental temperatures rather than an increase of toxic compound(s) during the summer months. recent studies have related the summer syndrome to the presence of an endoph ... | 1984 | 6373703 |
| influence of aluminum as sulfate, chloride and citrate on magnesium and calcium metabolism in sheep. | three metabolism trials were conducted to determine the effects of al as sulfate (so4), chloride (cl) and citrate on metabolism of al, mg, ca and serum concentrations of mg and ca. twelve wether lambs, equipped with rumen cannulas and blocked by breeding and weight, were allotted randomly to the following six treatments during each of three trials: 0, 1,000 and 2,000 pm al as so4 or cl; or 2,000 ppm al as citrate. treatments were administered in 200 ml of deionized water twice daily in divided d ... | 1984 | 6490555 |
| effects of ruminant digestion and metabolism on phenolic monomers of forages. | immature and mature lucerne (medicago sativa) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) hays were analysed for their lignin and phenolic monomer (hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives) contents. these hays were given to four sheep with rumen, duodenal and ileal cannulas, and to a steer with rumen and abomasal cannulas, to investigate the extent and sites of digestion of lignin and phenolic monomers. the hays and digesta samples were analysed for alkali and nitrobenzene-extractable phen ... | 1983 | 6639924 |
| alkaloids in ergot found on different gramineae in the netherlands. | the alkaloid content and the composition of the alkaloid complex of thirteen samples of ergot sclerotia from different gramineous host species collected in the netherlands were investigated. two samples collected in france were also examined. ergot of glyceria fluitans (l.) r.br. did not contain alkaloids. the total alkaloid content of ergot found on the other wild grasses was more than 0.2%. the ratio between the contents of water soluble and water insoluble alkaloids of the investigated ergot ... | 1983 | 6646990 |
| summer fescue toxicity in dairy steers fed tall fescue seed. | seeds of the tall fescue ( festuca arundinacea schreb .) cultivars kentucky 31 and an experimental ryegrass x tall fescue hybrid derivative strain (g1-307), and orchard grass (og) seed were fed in a carrier diet to calves in controlled environmental rooms (31 to 32 c). both tall fescue varieties produced symptoms of summer toxicosis in dairy steers. total feed intake (p less than .01) and water intake (p less than .01) of calves were reduced by the tall fescue seed diets when compared with orcha ... | 1984 | 6735937 |
| association of an endophytic fungus with fescue toxicity in steers fed kentucky 31 tall fescue seed or hay. | previous research has implicated an endophytic fungus as being associated with fescue toxicity (summer syndrome) in cattle grazing kentucky 31 tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pastures. hay and seed were harvested from kentucky 31 pastures known to be either fungus-free or heavily infested with an endophytic fungus identified as acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams. four diets containing either 60% fungus-free seed, 60% fungus-infested seed, 85% fungus-free hay or 85% fungus-in ... | 1982 | 7161201 |
| interaction of environmental temperature and anti-quality factors on the severity of summer fescue toxicosis. | two experimental strains of tall fescue grass (festuca arundinacea schreb) that had previously been shown to produce differences in animal performance during the summer period were fed to holstein calves in temperature controlled rooms. in the first year, gi-306 (less toxic) and gi-307 (more toxic) tall fescues were fed during july in rooms maintained at 10 to 13, 21 to 23 and 34 to 35 c. in the second year, the same tall fescues and orchardgrass were fed at a high temperature during may (32 to ... | 1981 | 7263534 |
| acremonium in fescue and ryegrass: boon or bane? a review. | acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams, an endophytic fungus commonly found in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), has been identified as the cause of poor performance of beef cattle and horses on tall fescue. ryegrass staggers, a neurological disorder of sheep, has been linked to the presence of a similar fungus, a. lolii latch, christensen and samuels, in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). renovation of endophyte-infected (e+) pastures with endophyte-free (e-) cultivars of t ... | 1995 | 7608023 |
| growth and subsequent feedlot performance of estradiol-implanted vs nonimplanted steers grazing fall-accumulated endophyte-infested or low-endophyte tall fescue. | a growing-finishing study using angus steer calves was conducted in three phases: 1) grazing stockpiled 'kentucky-31' tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) with high (65%; he ky-31) and low (0%; le ky-31) infestation rates of acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams and 'kenhy' and 'johnstone' tall fescue with low (< 1%) infestation rate of acremonium coenophialum from october 24 to december 19; 2) drylot feeding of johnstone and he ky-31 haylage (december 19 to april 10); and 3) feedlo ... | 1995 | 7673051 |
| a clearing technique for detecting the fungal endophyte acremonium sp. in grasses. | leaf tissue of tall fescue festuca arundinacea schreb., hard fescue festuca ovina l., red fescue festuca rubra l. and perennial ryegrass lolium perenne l. was stained with rose bengal or aniline blue to detect the presence of the fungal endophyte acremonium sp.. specimens were cleared using methyl salicylate, an optical clearing agent, and viewed using bright field microscopy. tissue was preserved as dried tissue or stored in 70% aqueous ethyl alcohol before staining and clearing. tissue was obs ... | 1993 | 7684264 |
| oviposition and development of face flies in dung from cattle on herbage and supplemented herbage diets. | dung was collected from angus cattle (bos taurus l.) fed (ad libitum) hays of endophyte-free (ef) and endophyte (acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams) infected (ei) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.), red clover (trifolium pratense l.), alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), and alfalfa-smooth bromegrass (1:1 w/w) and green-chopped kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.). samples of dung were subsequently collected from the same animals offered the ... | 1994 | 7886909 |
| evaluation of brassicas in grazing systems for sheep: i. quality of forage and animal performance. | four years of grazing trials were conducted with brassica forages to evaluate their chemical composition and effect on adg of fattening lambs and breeding ewes in late fall. brassicas tested included kales (brassica oleracea l. var. acephala dc), turnips (b. rapa l.), and a chinese cabbage hybrid (b. rapa l. x b. pekinensis [lour.] rupr.). daily gains of lambs varied widely among years (19 to 330 g/d); adg on brassicas were, however, generally higher than on stockpiled kentucky 31 tall fescue (f ... | 1994 | 7928762 |
| novel o-d-galacturonoyl esters in the pectic polysaccharides of suspension-cultured plant cells. | driselase digestion of uronate-6-14c-labeled primary walls of cultured spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) cells yielded about 18 novel uronate-containing compounds, most of which could be hydrolyzed by cold dilute alkali to yield oligo-[14c]galacturonides. one typical driselase digestion product (compound 17) yielded alpha-(1-->4)-d-[14c]galacturonotriose(gala3) upon very mild treatment with alkali (50% yield of gala3 in 7.2 min at ph 11 and 25 degrees c). one of the three galacturonate residues in ... | 1993 | 8022945 |
| evolutionary diversification of fungal endophytes of tall fescue grass by hybridization with epichloë species. | the mutualistic associations of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) with seed-borne fungal symbionts (endophytes) are important for fitness of the grass host and its survival under biotic and abiotic stress. the tall fescue endophytes are asexual relatives of biological species (mating populations) of genus epichloë (clavicipitaceae), sexual fungi that cause grass choke disease. isozyme studies have suggested considerable genetic diversity among endophytes of tall fescue. phylogenetic relationship ... | 1994 | 8172623 |
| fescue toxicosis and its impact on animal agriculture. | studies of fescue toxicosis have identified several classes of plant/fungal alkaloids that may be responsible for the toxicosis problem of endophyte (acremonium coenophialum) infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). this review explores the interaction of these alkaloids with the animal's system and attempts to explain the various anomalies of fescue toxicosis through discussion of both in vitro and in vivo experiments. | 1993 | 8249272 |
| determination of the ruminal escape value and duodenal amino acid flow of rapeseed meal. | a 4 x 4 latin square metabolism trial was conducted to evaluate protein escape potential, duodenal amino acid (aa) flows, and ruminal digestion effects of rapeseed meal (rsm) when fed with non-endophyte-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) hay. four holstein steers (average bw = 400 +/- 6.5 kg), each equipped with ruminal and duodenal cannulas, were fed twice daily at 0700 and 1900. protein supplements compared with rsm, soybean meal (sbm), blood meal (bm), and a negative control based on ... | 1993 | 8270533 |
| managing replacement stock within the environment of the south--plant, soil, and animal interactions: a review. | the south extends from the atlantic coast and the gulf of mexico north through virginia and kentucky and west to the 100th meridian, which extends through texas and oklahoma. the soils, environment, and range of adapted forage species offer many and varied opportunities for designing forage-livestock systems for rearing replacement stock. anti-quality factors of concern when using forages for replacement stock include the presence of acremonium coenophialum (morgan-jones and gams) in tall fescue ... | 1993 | 8270541 |
| combined analysis of tall fescue steer grazing studies in the eastern united states. | the mixed-models procedure (mmp) was used to analyze pooled data sets from 12 independent studies conducted during the last 13 yr at nine locations in seven states to provide combined estimates of daily gains by beef steers (bos taurus) grazing tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pastures free of (e-) or infested (e+) at different levels with the endophytic fungus acremonium coenophialum. treatments included low-infestation (< or = 5% e+), moderate-infestation (> or = 20 to < or = 35% e+), ... | 1993 | 8349522 |
| steers grazing endophyte-free tall fescue: seasonal changes in nutrient quality, forage intake, digesta kinetics, ruminal fermentation, and serum hormones and metabolites. | six ruminally cannulated holstein steers (average bw 514 kg) grazed a 33-ha, unirrigated, endophyte-free, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pasture from april 10 through december 7, 1989. samples were collected in may, june, september, and november 1989. total masticate n was relatively constant (p > .10) throughout the year. masticate in vitro om disappearance was less (p < .05) in september (48.4%) and november (50%) than in may (60.6%) and june (56%). ruminal nh3n concentrations (mill ... | 1993 | 8392047 |
| neural dopamine d2 receptors in rats fed endophyte-infected fescue seed. | to study the effect of endophyte (acremonium coenophialum) on hypothalamic and striatal dopamine d2 receptors, male rats (n = 14/group) were pair-fed diets containing 50% rat chow and 50% either endophyte-infected (e+) or noninfected (e-) fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) seed for 21 days. concentrations of ergovaline and saturated pyrrolizidines were 1.91 micrograms/g and 2.84 mg/g, respectively in e+, and undetectable in e- fescue seed. to monitor endophyte effects, rats were weighed weekly ... | 1993 | 8404549 |
| relationships among non-acremonium sp. fungal endophytes in five grass species. | many cool-season grasses (subfamily pooideae) possess maternally transmitted fungal symbionts which cause no known pathology and often enhance the ecological fitness and biochemical capabilities of the grass hosts. the most commonly described endophytes are the acremonium section albo-lanosa spp. (acremonium endophytes), which are conidial anamorphs (strictly asexual forms) of epichloë typhina. other endophytes which have been noted are a gliocladium-like fungus in perennial ryegrass (lolium per ... | 1993 | 8517749 |
| bioextraction of soil boron by tall fescue. | high concentrations of soil b are detrimental to crop productivity in certain arid and semiarid regions of the western united states. production of tall fescue on b-affected soils may be a viable strategy to reduce and maintain soil b concentrations at nontoxic levels for most agronomic crops. a 2-year field experiment was conducted to study b uptake in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) schreb. cv. au triumph grown in soil containing potentially toxic levels of native soil b. the soil b concentr ... | 1995 | 8521775 |
| supplemental protein and energy for beef cows consuming endophyte-infected tall fescue. | effects of energy and protein supplementation of endophyte (acremonium coenophialum)-infected (e+) and noninfected (e-) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) on forage intake, digestibility, n flow to the small intestine, and cow-calf productivity was evaluated in two experiments. in exp. 1, 10 ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers were fed either e- or e+ hay with four supplements or e- or e+ hay unsupplemented. four supplements formulated with either cracked corn or soybean hulls with ... | 1995 | 8586603 |
| forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: iii. finishing systems. | fall-weaned angus calves grazed or were fed different forages during winter followed by 1) n-fertilized tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) grazed alone, 2) bluegrass (poa pratensis l.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.) sequence grazed with tall fescue-red clover (trifolium pratense l.), or 3) bluegrass-white clover sequence grazed with alfalfa (medicago sativa l.)-orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.). heifers were supplemented with grain at 1% of bw from april until slaughter in july. on ... | 1996 | 8707721 |
| effects of environmental heat and intake of tall fescue seed infested with acremonium coenophialum on the acid-base status of young bulls. | effects of high environmental temperature and dietary intake of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) seed containing the endophyte acremonium coenophialum on bovine acid-base status were studied using 3 groups of bull calves (2 simmental, 1 angus). experimental animals were housed in controlled-climate chambers and subjected to gradual increases in environmental temperature, first while being fed an endophyte-free diet and then while being fed a diet containing 17% endophyte-infested fescue seed. m ... | 1996 | 8744746 |
| bioextraction of selenium by forage and selected field legume species in selenium-laden soils under minimal field management conditions. | a forage plant, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), and a selected field legume species, sour clover (melilotus indica), were examined for their selenium (se) bioextraction abilities in se-laden soils under minimal management conditions. natural vegetations in a 2-acre plot adjacent to the forage plots were also studied for se accumulation comparisons. during the dry season, in the fall of 1994, the field plots were either irrigated weekly or without irrigation. no fertilization and weed control ... | 1996 | 8812192 |
| assessment of the mitogenic potential of the alkaloids produced by endophyte (acremonium coenophialum)-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) on bovine vascular smooth muscle in vitro. | the objective of these experiments was to test the hypothesis that the major alkaloid classes found in endophyte-infected tall fescue could act as growth promoters for vascular smooth muscle. bovine vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmc) from the dorsal metatarsal artery were grown in vitro and exposed to five concentrations (10(-6), 10(-8), 10(-9), 10(-11) and 0 m) of ergonovine, alpha-ergocryptine, ergovaline, and n-acetyl loline for 48 h. the mitogenic potential of the alkaloids was tested on bo ... | 1996 | 8818813 |
| o-feruloylated, o-acetylated oligosaccharides as side-chains of grass xylans. | partial acid hydrolysis of cell wall material from festuca arundinacea cell cultures yielded a novel o-feruloylated trisaccharide (3). treatment of 3 with driselase, which contains beta- but not alpha-d-xylosidase, released xylose plus the known compound, beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-(5-o-feruloyl)-l-arabinose. since 3 contained one naio4-resistant xylose residue, it was concluded to be beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1--> 2)-(5-o-feruloyl)-l-arabinose. partial acid hydrolysis ... | 1997 | 9055447 |
| digestibility, apparent mineral absorption, and voluntary intake by horses fed alfalfa, tall fescue, and caucasian bluestem. | alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), low-endophyte (< 5%) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), and caucasian bluestem (bothriochloa caucasica [trin.] c.e. hubbard) were fed as chopped hay to six arabian geldings (bw 441 kg; se 2) in intake and digestibility experiments to determine nutritional value for horses at maintenance. each experimental design was a replicated latin square. alfalfa was higher in dm and cp digestibility, ivdmd, apparent absorption of ca, k, and s, and voluntary intake than ... | 1997 | 9250529 |
| ammoniation to reduce the toxicity of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed fed to rats. | to assess the efficacy of ammoniation in the detoxification of endophyte-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), 40 male harlan sprague-dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following four treatments for 28 d: endophyte-free (e-), endophyte-infected (e+), ammoniated (2% dry matter basis, 7 d) endophyte-free (ae-), and ammoniated endophyte-infected (ae+) tall fescue seed. total pyrrolizidine alkaloid (n-acetyl and n-formyl loline) and ergovaline contents of endophyte-infected fesc ... | 1998 | 9530532 |
| oral and parenteral vaccination of mice with protein-ergotamine conjugates and evaluation of protection against fescue toxicosis. | acremonium coenophialum produces ergopeptide alkaloids in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). these ergot alkaloids decrease serum alkaline phosphatase (alp) activity, serum cholesterol and prolactin concentrations, as well as average daily gains (adg) in cattle. the objective of this study was to evaluate the protection of anti-ergotamine antibodies induced by either oral or parenteral vaccination with protein-ergotamine conjugates or passive vaccination with anti-ergovaline, monoclonal ... | 1998 | 9613443 |
| performance and digestion by steers grazing tall fescue and supplemented with energy and protein. | we studied the effects of different levels of protein and energy supplementation on bw gains and sites of nutrient digestion in steers grazing the primary growth of endophyte-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb cv. kentucky 31). angus steers (n = 168; mean bw = 246.8 +/- 15.0 kg) grazed tall fescue without supplementation (c) or were supplemented with 1.4 kg/d of cracked corn (cc1), 1.4 kg/d of corn gluten feed (cgf1), 2.8 kg/d of cc (cc2), 2.8 kg/d of cgf (cgf2), or .7 kg/d of corn ... | 1998 | 9655590 |
| ammoniation to reduce the toxicity of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed fed to rats. | to assess the efficacy of ammoniation in the detoxification of endophyte-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb), 40 male harlan sprague-dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following four treatments for 28 d: endophyte-free (e-), endophyte-infected (e+), ammoniated (2% dry matter basis, 7 d) endophyte-free (ae-), and ammoniated endophyte-infected (ae+) tall fescue seed. total pyrrolizidine alkaloid (n-acetyl and n-formyl loline) and ergovaline contents of endophyte-infected fescu ... | 1998 | 9706467 |
| mortality of horn fly (diptera: muscidae) larvae in bovine dung supplemented with loline alkaloids from tall fescue. | larvae of arthropod ectoparasites of livestock, such as the horn fly, haematobia irritans (l.), may be exposed to acyl-loline alkaloids in dung of ruminant livestock ingesting herbage of the tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-endophyte association [neotyphodium coenophialum (morgan-jones & w. gams) glenn, bacon & hanlin comb. nov.]. biological activity of alkaloid-supplemented bovine dung was assayed by growth, development, and survival of 1st instars of horn fly. an extract from tall fes ... | 1998 | 9775611 |
| influence of neotyphodium coenophialum on copper concentration in tall fescue. | poor performance of livestock that graze tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) has been associated with the endophyte fungus neotyphodium coenophialum [morgan-jones and gams] glenn, bacon, and hanlin). recent evidence suggests lowered cu status and a depression of cu-related immune function in steers that graze endophyte-infected (e+) tall fescue. greenhouse and field studies investigated relationships between the endophyte and cu concentrations in tall fescue. seventeen infected 'kenhy' clo ... | 1998 | 9814910 |
| monocyte immune cell response and copper status in beef steers that grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue. | a 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate immune response and cu status of yearling beef steers as a consequence of grazing tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) infected (e+) with the endophyte fungus neotyphodium coenophialum ([morgan-jones and gams] glenn, bacon, and hanlin). during a preliminary study in 1994, 24 weanling angus and angus x hereford steers were blocked by breed and weight (initial bw 271 kg; sd 25) and were randomized to e+ and low endophyte (e-) fescue in pastures at glade ... | 1998 | 9814911 |
| endophytic fungal toxin effect on adrenergic receptors in lateral saphenous veins (cranial branch) of cattle grazing tall fescue. | the objective of this research was to characterize the adrenergic receptor response in veins of cattle that grazed tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), with (e+) and without (e-) fungal endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum) infection. measurement of contractile response of lateral saphenous veins to selective adrenergic receptor agonists (alphal, phenylephrine; alpha2, bht-920) revealed enhanced reactivity (greater contractile response) only for the alpha2 adrenergic receptor in e+ pasture ... | 1998 | 9856395 |
| mortality of horn fly larvae (diptera: muscidae) in bovine dung supplemented with ergotamine and n-formyl loline. | dung-dwelling larvae of ectoparasites of livestock such as the horn fly, hematobia irritans (l.), may be exposed to > or = 1 different alkaloid species in dung from animals ingesting herbage of the tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)--endophyte association (neotyphodium coenophialum (morgan-jones & w. gams) glenn, bacon & hanlin comb. nov.). first-instar horn flies were exposed to bovine dung supplemented with up to 50 microm each of n-formyl loline and ergotamine tartrate in factorial com ... | 1999 | 10071496 |
| variation in ruminants' preference for tall fescue hays cut either at sundown or at sunup. | plants vary diurnally in concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates. if ruminants prefer forages with higher total nonstructural carbohydrates (tnc), then the preference for hays harvested within the same 24-h period may vary. an established field of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) was harvested six times in the vegetative stage. harvests were paired such that each cutting at sundown (pm) was followed by a cutting the next morning at sunup (am). we harvested in this manner three tim ... | 1999 | 10229375 |
| interactions in sheep between tall fescue ergot alkaloids and hepatotoxic carbon tetrachloride and senecio pyrrolizidine alkaloids. | the interaction between ergot alkaloids in endophyte-infected (e+) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) seed and pyrrolizidine alkaloids (pa) in tansy ragwort (tr; senecio jacobaea) when simultaneously fed to sheep was investigated. because of the hepatogenic effects of prolactin (prl), it was hypothesized that low serum prl induced by ergot alkaloids would increase the susceptibility of sheep to hepatotoxicity induced by pa. sheep are normally resistant to pa-induced hepatotoxicity. twenty-four we ... | 1999 | 10349699 |
| alterations in bovine serum biochemistry profiles associated with prolonged consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) is a forage grass that is widely used in pastures in the eastern us for cattle, sheep and horses. the endophytic fungus neotyphodium coenophialum is endemic in tall fescue pastures in the us. the turfgrass industry intentionally infects fescue cultivars with strains of the fungus to impart desirable growth and disease tolerance qualities to the plants. in contrast, ergot and pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxins produced by fungus-infected plants have been incriminated ... | 1999 | 10349700 |
| relative competitive abilities and growth characteristics of a narrowly endemic and a geographically widespread solidago species (asteraceae). | relative competitive ability and growth characteristics of the narrow endemic solidago shortii were compared to those of the geographically widespread s. altissima. competition and growth studies were conducted over the entire growing season in an ambient-temperature greenhouse, using a 3:1 (v/v) native limestone soil/river sand mixture. results from a de wit replacement series experiment (relative yield, relative yield total, plant height, aggressivity values) with s. shortii, s. altissima, and ... | 1999 | 10371724 |
| behavior of steers grazing monocultures and binary mixtures of alfalfa and tall fescue. | spectral analysis was used to relate dietary quality and herbage species to the behavior of grazing steers. four .3-ha paddocks were established with either 'au-triumph' tall fescue (f; festuca arundinacea schreb.), 'apollo' alfalfa (a; medicago sativa l.), 1/3 fescue and 2/3 alfalfa (2/3a), or 2/3 fescue and 1/3 alfalfa (1/3a). each paddock was stocked with 10 to 16 steers and defoliated in 5 d. three steers on each paddock carried vibracorders to monitor grazing time. daily forage samples were ... | 1999 | 10375218 |
| effects of water stress on selenium accumulation in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb) from a selenium-contaminated soil. | a greenhouse experiment was conducted evaluating the effects of water stress on uptake and accumulation of selenium (se) as well as on uptake of calcium (ca), potassium (k), and magnesium (mg) in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb). also, this study has documented changes in soil se inventory of se-contaminated field soil. the findings of this experiment suggest that low soil moisture and plant water stress had a positive effect on plant tissue se concentration. however, the negative effect ... | 2000 | 10556368 |
| increased responsiveness to intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge in steers grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue compared with steers grazing endophyte-free tall fescue. | fescue toxicosis in cattle occurs as a result of consumption of ergot alkaloids in endophyte-infected (e+, neotyphodium coenophialum) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). the condition is characterized by pyrexia, decreased weight gains, rough hair coats, and decreased calving rates. the objective of this experiment was to investigate whether steers grazing e+ fescue have altered host response to lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin, lps) challenge compared with steers grazing endophyte-free (e-) fescue. ... | 1999 | 10556770 |
| biosynthetic origin and longevity in vivo of alpha-d-mannopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-alpha-d-glucuronopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-myo-inositol, an unusual extracellular oligosaccharide produced by cultured rose cells | a non-reducing trisaccharide, alpha-d-mannopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-alpha-d-glucuronopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-myo-inositol (mgi) accumulated in the spent medium of cell-suspension cultures of 'paul's scarlet' rose (rosa sp.) predominantly during the period of rapid cell growth. this trisaccharide was also produced by cultures of sycamore (acer pseudoplatanus l.) but not by those of the graminaceous monocots maize (zea mays l.) and tall fescue grass (festuca arundinacea schreb.). when added to cultured ros ... | 1999 | 10592043 |
| effect of phenolic structures on the degradability of cell walls isolated from newly extended apical internode of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). | apical internodes of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb. var. clarine) harvested at flowering were sectioned into 5 or 10 equal parts to study in situ degradability and cell wall composition, respectively. the basal (youngest) section had the greatest primary wall content. cell walls in the upper (older) sections had the highest xylose/arabinose ratio and lignin content and a lignin rich in syringyl units, all typical of extensive secondary wall development. almost all of the p-coumaric (p- ... | 2000 | 10725124 |
| forage systems for production of stocker steers in the upper south. | the southern states produce large numbers of beef calves that are generally weaned and sold in autumn. keeping calves in this region beyond weaning to graze high-quality forages through a stocker cattle phase could improve profitability. autumn-weaned angus crossbred steers were allocated by breeding and weight to four forage systems that began in mid-november and continued through mid-october as follows: system 1, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l ... | 2000 | 10907841 |
| a simple method to determine leaf angles of grass species. | there are several very accurate methods to determine leaf angles in closed canopies. however, these are generally very time-consuming or require special equipment. average canopy leaf angles were derived from simple height and blade length measurements. an exponential relationship between the height/length ratio and the average blade leaf angle was used. the method was tested for two grass species, dactylis glomerata and festuca arundinacea, grown under different uv-b levels. the results clearly ... | 2000 | 10944161 |
| cloning and functional analysis of sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase from tall fescue. | enzymes of grasses involved in fructan synthesis are of interest since they play a major role in assimilate partitioning and allocation, for instance in the leaf growth zone. several fructosyltransferases from tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) have previously been purified (lüscher and nelson, 1995). it is surprising that all of these enzyme preparations appeared to act both as sucrose (suc):suc 1-fructosyl transferases (1-sst) and as fructan:fructan 6(g)-fructosyl transferases. here we report t ... | 2000 | 11080298 |
| preference by sheep and goats among hay of eight tall fescue cultivars. | grazing ruminants use both visual cues and taste in selecting their diet. preference during grazing may not be the same when forage is dried for hay and cut into lengths prior to feeding in confinement. eight cultivars of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), previously evaluated for preference while grazed, were harvested three times over a period of 2 yr. the hays were air-dried, baled, and passed through a hydraulic bale processor prior to feeding. five experiments were conducted. all th ... | 2001 | 11204703 |
| involvement of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in the adaptation of two cool-season grasses to localized drought stress. | in natural environments, drought often occurs in surface soil while water is available for plant uptake deeper in the soil profile. the objective of the study was to examine the involvement of antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation in the responses of two cool-season grasses to surface soil drying. kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) were grown in split tubes, consisting of two sections (each 10 cm in diameter and 20 cm long). grasses were su ... | 2001 | 11275219 |
| effects of calcium on antioxidant activities and water relations associated with heat tolerance in two cool-season grasses. | calcium (ca2+) may be involved in plant tolerance to heat stress by regulating antioxidant metabolism or/and water relations. this study was designed to examine whether external ca2+ treatment would improve heat tolerance in two c(3), cool-season grass species, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea l.) and kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.), and to determine the physiological mechanisms of ca2+ effects on grass tolerance to heat stress. grasses were treated with cacl(2) (10 mm) or h(2)o by foliar ... | 2001 | 11283179 |
| phytoremediation of aged petroleum sludge: effect of inorganic fertilizer. | phytoremediation is a promising new technology that uses higher plants to enhance biodegradation. nutrient availability is an important factor governing the success of phytoremediation and can be regulated through the addition of fertilizer. a greenhouse study was conducted to assess the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus for the phytoremediation of petroleum sludge. degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (tph) was quantified for six fertilization rates and three vegetation treatments: b ... | 2013 | 11285899 |
| tasco-forage: i. influence of a seaweed extract on antioxidant activity in tall fescue and in ruminants. | seaweed (ascophyllum nodosum) is a known source of plant growth regulators, and application to turfgrasses has increased activity of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (sod) and specific vitamin precursors. increased antioxidant activity in both plants and animals diminishes oxidative stress. two pasture experiments investigated effects of tasco-forage (a proprietary seaweed-based product) applied to tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) on antioxidant activity in plants and in ruminants that graz ... | 2001 | 11325175 |
| tasco-forage: ii. monocyte immune cell response and performance of beef steers grazing tall fescue treated with a seaweed extract. | effects of applying tasco-forage, an ascophyllum nodosum seaweed-based product prepared by a proprietary process, to endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum [morgan-jones and gams] glenn, bacon, and hanlin)-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) were studied in each of 3 yr (1995, 1996, and 1997) in virginia and in 1996 and 1997 in mississippi. there were 48 steers at each location in each year (n = 240) in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two replications at ea ... | 2001 | 11325176 |
| tasco-forage: iii. influence of a seaweed extract on performance, monocyte immune cell response, and carcass characteristics in feedlot-finished steers. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) infected with the endophyte neotyphodium coenophialum ([morgan-jones and gams] glenn, bacon, and hanlin) causes fescue toxicosis in cattle grazing the forage, but effects of the endophyte were considered to be abated soon after removal of the animals from pastures. tasco-forage, a proprietary extract from the brown seaweed ascophyllum nodosum, is a known source of cytokinins and has increased antioxidant activity in both plants and the animals that graze ... | 2001 | 11325177 |
| tasco-forage: iv. influence of a seaweed extract applied to tall fescue pastures on sensory characteristics, shelf-life, and vitamin e status in feedlot-finished steers. | tasco-forage is an ascophyllum nodosum seaweed-based product that has increased antioxidant activity in both plants and animals. endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum ([morgan-jones and gams] glenn, bacon, and hanlin)-infected and uninfected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pastures in virginia and mississippi during 1997 were treated or not with 3.4 kg tasco/ha in april and july. there were two replications of each treatment at each location. forty-eight steers (6/replication) grazed pa ... | 2001 | 11325193 |
| selection of specific endophytic bacterial genotypes by plants in response to soil contamination. | plant-bacterial combinations can increase contaminant degradation in the rhizosphere, but the role played by indigenous root-associated bacteria during plant growth in contaminated soils is unclear. the purpose of this study was to determine if plants had the ability to selectively enhance the prevalence of endophytes containing pollutant catabolic genes in unrelated environments contaminated with different pollutants. at petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites, two genes encoding hydrocarbon d ... | 2001 | 11375152 |
| effects of endophyte status of tall fescue tissues on the earthworm (eisenia fetida). | a cryptic fungal endophyte, neotyphodium coenophialum, infects most tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) pastures in the united states. cattle, sheep, and horses that consume the endophyte-infected grass can suffer fescue toxicosis caused by toxic alkaloids in the infected plants. the effects of the endophyte on mammalian herbivores have been well documented, but less is known regarding the quality of the grass (infected vs noninfected) as a food material for soil invertebrates. we conducted 21-d t ... | 2001 | 11392146 |
| effects of alum and aluminum chloride on phosphorus runoff from swine manure. | phosphorus (p) runoff from fields fertilized with swine (sus scrofa domesticus) manure may contribute to eutrophication. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of aluminum sulfate (alum) and aluminum chloride applications to swine manure on p runoff from small plots cropped to tall fescue (festuca arundinacea shreb.). there were six treatments in this study: (i) unfertilized control plots, (ii) untreated manure, (iii) manure with alum at 215 mg al l(-1), (iv) manure with aluminum ... | 2001 | 11401290 |
| monoclonal antibodies incorporated into neotyphodium coenophialum fungal cultures: inhibition of fungal growth and stability of antibodies. | three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) produced against proteins from the tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) fungal endophyte neotyphodium coenophialum hybridize exclusively to a fungal protein under denaturing conditions. the protein is approximately 88 kda in size. these mabs were individually incorporated into liquid medium to determine their effects on fungal growth in culture. neotyphodium-specific mabs inhibited fungal growth for the duration of the study. fungal cultures grown in the p ... | 2001 | 11456463 |
| contrasting responses of photosynthesis and carbon metabolism to low temperatures in tall fescue and clovers. | growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in plants of two grassland species, clover (trifolium subterraneum l. cv. areces and gaitan) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), shifted from 25 to 12 degrees c for 1 day or developed at 12 degrees c were compared with controls kept at 25 degrees c. cold development produced a larger inhibition of growth in fescue than in clovers. in contrast, transferring plants from high to low temperature inhibited photosynthesis to a lesser extent ... | 2001 | 11473707 |
| phosphorus and ammonium concentrations in surface runoff from grasslands fertilized with broiler litter. | application of broiler (gallus gallus domesticus) litter to grasslands can increase ammonium (nh4-n) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (drp) concentrations in surface runoff, but it is not known for how long after a broiler litter application that these concentrations remain elevated. this long-term study was conducted to measure nh4-n and drp in surface runoff from grasslands fertilized with broiler litter. six 0.75-ha, fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.-)bermudagrass [cynodon dactylon (l.) pe ... | 2001 | 11577887 |
| phosphorus losses from grasslands fertilized with broiler litter: epic simulations. | broiler litter, a mixture of poultry excreta and bedding material, is commonly used to fertilize grasslands in the southeastern usa. previous work has shown that under certain situations, application of broiler (gallus gallus domesticus) litter to grasslands may lead to elevated levels of phosphorus (p) in surface runoff. the epic simulation model may be a useful tool to identify those situations. this work was conducted to evaluate epic's ability to simulate event and annual runoff volume and l ... | 2001 | 11577888 |
| a simple thin-layer chromatographic method for the detection of ergovaline in leaf sheaths of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) infected with neotyphodium coenophialum. | a relatively simple and inexpensive thin-layer chromatographic (tlc) method is described for the detection and semiquantitative measurement of ergovaline in leaf sheaths of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). samples were finely ground and extracted with methanol. the extracts were filtered and the methanol was evaporated. the aqueous residue was extracted with hexane, followed by chloroform at ph 9. the chloroform extract was concentrated and further purified on a preparative silica gel tlc plat ... | 2001 | 11580073 |
| volatile compounds of endophyte-free and infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). | volatile compounds produced by intact plants and ground leaf tissue from endophyte-infected (e+) and endophyte-free (e-) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) were collected by a purge-and-trap procedure and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry the volatile compound profile from ground leaf tissue was similar between e+ and e- clonal plants; however, the sheaths of e+ clonal plants produced higher levels of 1-octen-3-ol, a characteristic volatile compound derived from lipid perox ... | 2001 | 11684192 |