Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| physiological and biochemical contributions to the taxonomy of the genus prototheca. ii. starch hydrolysis and base composition of dna. | 16 strains of the genus prototheca do not produce extracellular amylolytic enzymes. the base composition of their dna shows rather continuous values from 62% to 78% gc (guanine + cytosine). their assignment to four species and their possible relationship with chlorella protothecoides are discussed. | 1978 | 623495 |
| in vitro susceptibility of prototheca spp. to gentamicin. | one hundred strains of prototheca zopfii, prototheca wickerhamii, prototheca moriformis, prototheca stagnora, and prototheca ulmnea; five strains of chlorella protothecoides; and two strains of candida albicans were obtained from a number of different clinical and environmental sources and were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to the antibacterial agent gentamicin. all prototheca strains were susceptible to gentamicin at concentrations between 0.3 and 0.9 micrograms/ml. a modified macrob ... | 1991 | 1804021 |
| chlorophyll catabolism in chlorella protothecoides. isolation and structure elucidation of a red bilin derivative. | 1991 | 1959645 | |
| immunological identification and quantification of light harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein of chlorella protothecoides. | the alteration of photosynthetic membrane proteins in relation to the disappearance of pigments during the heterotrophic growth of chlorella protothecoides was investigated. chlorophylls and certain polypeptides associated with the lhc ii disappeared after 50 hr of heterotrophic growth but the 24 kda apoprotein constituting lhc ii was not affected. immunological analysis indicated that the chlorophylls and the light harvesting complex proteins of the thylakoid membranes are not tightly coupled a ... | 1990 | 2187796 |
| nucleotide sequence of the plastid genes for apocytochrome b6 (petb) and subunit iv of the cytochrome b6-f complex (petd) from the green alga chlorella protothecoides: lack of introns. | 1989 | 2519117 | |
| purification of solubilized chlorophyllase from chlorella protothecoides. | 1986 | 3702739 | |
| alpha-linoleate and photosynthetic activity in chlorella protothecoides. | green cells of chlorella protothecoides grown in nitrogen-rich low glucose media may be reversibly transformed to entirely chlorophyll-less cells in low nitrogen high glucose media. photosynthetic rates and fatty ester compositions were determined during light and dark bleaching and during greening. linolenic acid content remained unchanged during greening or bleaching. during light greening chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity increased while oleic acid content decreased dramatically ... | 1967 | 6045293 |
| detoxification of chlordecone poisoned rats with chlorella and chlorella derived sporopollenin. | chlorella protothecoides accelerated the detoxification of chlordecone poisoned rats, decreasing the half-life of the toxin from 40 to 19 days. the ingested algae passed through the gastrointestinal tract unharmed , interrupted the enteric recirculation of the persistent insecticide, and subsequently eliminated the bound chlordecone with the feces. the detoxification was similar to that obtained with cholestyramine. laboratory preparations were made to determine whether cell-free components reta ... | 1984 | 6202479 |
| detection and characterization of methyl parathion-resistant chlorella protothecoides. | 1983 | 6626762 | |
| recovery from methyl parathion-induced damage of the photosynthetic apparatus in chlorella protothecoides. | 1984 | 6697013 | |
| a simple purification method for the preparation of solubilized chlorophyllase from chlorella protothecoides. | 1980 | 7446992 | |
| evidence for a monooxygenase-catalyzed primary process in the catabolism of chlorophyll. | only recently have products of the enzymatic breakdown of the chlorophylls been characterized for the first time. all catabolites isolated until now from a chlorophyte and from angiosperms have in common the position at which the primary oxygenative ring cleavage occurs, yielding linear tetrapyrroles (19-formyl-1[21h,22h]bilinones). in vivo studies of 18,18o2 incorporation in one of the chlorophyll catabolites isolated from chlorella protothecoides show unequivocally that of the two oxygen atoms ... | 1995 | 7750540 |
| the key step in chlorophyll breakdown in higher plants. cleavage of pheophorbide a macrocycle by a monooxygenase. | chlorophyll breakdown in green plants is a long-standing biological enigma. recent work has shown that pheophorbide a (pheide a) derived from chlorophyll (chl) is converted oxygenolytically into a primary fluorescent catabolite (pfcc-1) via a red chl catabolite (rcc) intermediate. rcc, the product of the ring cleavage reaction catalyzed by pheide a oxygenase, which is suggested to be the key enzyme in chl breakdown in green plants, is converted into pfcc-1 by a reductase. in the present study, a ... | 1998 | 9624113 |
| chlorophyll breakdown in chlorella protothecoides: characterization of degreening and cloning of degreening-related genes. | chlorella protothecoides cultures grown in a nitrogen-free bleaching medium (bm-n) in the dark rapidly degraded chlorophyll (chl) to red catabolites. this degreening process was investigated under different growth conditions. supply of nitrogen to the culture medium (bm+n) inhibited bleaching and the synthesis of catabolites as did the addition to bm-n of cycloheximide or a chelator, 2,2'-bipyridyl. in contrast, chloramphenicol or the protease inhibitor e64 had no effect. during bleaching, chl b ... | 2000 | 10798614 |
| heterotrophic production of biomass and lutein by chlorella protothecoides on various nitrogen sources. | the effects of nitrate, ammonium, and urea as nitrogen sources on the heterotrophic growth of chlorella protothecoides were investigated using flask cultures. no appreciable inhibitory effect on the algal growth was observed over a nitrogen concentration range of 0.85-1.7 g l(-)(1). in contrast, differences in specific growth rate and biomass production were found among the cultures with the various nitrogen compounds. the influence of different nitrogen sources at a concentration equivalent to ... | 2000 | 10899558 |
| chlorophyll breakdown in higher plants and algae. | leaf senescence is accompanied by the metabolism of chlorophyll (chl) to nonfluorescent catabolites (nccs). the pathway of chl degradation comprises several reactions and includes the occurrence of intermediary catabolites. after removal of phytol and the central mg atom from chl by chlorophyllase and mg dechelatase, respectively, the porphyrin macrocycle of pheophorbide (pheide) a is cleaved. this two-step reaction is catalyzed by pheide a oxygenase and rcc reductase and yields a primary fluore ... | 1999 | 11212360 |
| pyrolytic characteristics of microalgae as renewable energy source determined by thermogravimetric analysis. | two kinds of autotrophic microalgae, spirulina platensis (sp) and chlorella protothecoides (cp) were pyrolyzed at the heating rates of 15, 40, 60 and 80 degrees c/min up to 800 degrees c in a thermogravimetric analyzer to investigate their pyrolytic characteristics. three stages (dehydration, devolatilization and solid decomposition) appeared in the pyrolysis process. sp and cp mainly devolatilized at 190-560 degrees c and 150-540 degrees c, respectively. a total volatile yield of about 71% was ... | 2001 | 11554596 |
| [accumulation and biodegradation of anthracene by chlorella protothecoides under different trophic conditions]. | the bioaccumulation and degradation of anthracene by the green alage(chlorella prothecoides) under autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions were studied. about 29% and 20% of anthracene(original concentration 1.0 mg.l-1) were degraded by light and by chlorella protothecoides under the autotrophic condition, respectively. about 33.53% of anthracene (original concentration 2.5 mg.l-1) were degraded by c. protothecoides under the heterotrophic condition. the resistance and degradation ability of c. ... | 2002 | 11993114 |
| high-yield production of lutein by the green microalga chlorella protothecoides in heterotrophic fed-batch culture. | the green microalga chlorella protothecoides was grown heterotrophically in batch mode in a 3.7-l fermenter containing 40 g/l glucose and 3.6 g/l urea. in the late exponential phase, concentrated nutrients containing glucose and urea were fed into the culture, in which the nitrogen source was sufficient compared to carbon source. as a result, a maximum cell dry weight concentration of 48 g/l was achieved. this cell dry weight concentration was 28.4 g/l higher than that obtained in batch culture ... | 2002 | 12153304 |
| extracellular production of l-ascorbic acid by chlorella protothecoides, prototheca species, and mutants of p. moriformis during aerobic culturing at low ph. | nine strains of chlorella protothecoides and 43 strains representing the five species of prototheca were screened in flask culture for their ability to synthesize l-ascorbic acid (aa). ascorbic acid was detected in all strains, ranging from 4.8 to 0.38 mg aa g x (-1) of dry cells. organisms selected for further study grew well and maintained their aa productivity above a ph of 3.5. they can produce aa using a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources. aerobic fermentation of selected strains result ... | 2002 | 12161776 |
| phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic position of chlorella-like isolates from low ph environments (ph < 3.0). | little is known about phytoplankton communities inhabiting low ph environments such as volcanic and geothermal sites or acidic waters. only specialised organisms are able to tolerate such extreme conditions. there is, thus, low species diversity. we have characterised the previously isolated acid tolerant chlorella-like microalgae viridiella fridericiana and chlorella protothecoides var. acidicola by microscopical and biomolecular methods in order to assess their phylogenetic relationships. | 2002 | 12194702 |
| phylogeny of the non-photosynthetic green micro-algal genus prototheca (trebouxiophyceae, chlorophyta) and related taxa inferred from ssu and lsu ribosomal dna partial sequence data. | all five species in the heterotrophic micro-algal genus prototheca and their relatives were compared for the extent of nucleotide divergence in the nuclear small-subunit (ssu) and in the 5' end of large-subunit (lsu) ribosomal rna genes (rdnas). phylogenetic analysis based on combined ssu and lsu rdna sequence alignment was implemented with the neighbor-joining, the maximum-parsimony, and the maximum-likelihood methods. the relationships among the species of prototheca based on this data set wer ... | 2003 | 12829298 |
| comparison of plastid 16s rrna (rrn16) genes from helicosporidium spp.: evidence supporting the reclassification of helicosporidia as green algae (chlorophyta). | the helicosporidia are invertebrate pathogens that have recently been identified as non-photosynthetic green algae (chlorophyta). in order to confirm the algal nature of the genus helicosporidium, the presence of a retained chloroplast genome in helicosporidia cells was investigated. fragments homologous to plastid 16s rrna (rrn16) genes were amplified successfully from cellular dna extracted from two different helicosporidium isolates. the fragment sequences are 1269 and 1266 bp long, are very ... | 2003 | 14657099 |
| high yield bio-oil production from fast pyrolysis by metabolic controlling of chlorella protothecoides. | the use of renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly necessary to mitigate global warming. recently much research has been focused on identifying suitable biomass species, which can provide high-energy outputs, to replace conventional fossil fuels. this paper reports an approach for increasing the yield of bio-oil production from fast pyrolysis after manipulating the metabolic pathway in microalgae through heterotrophic growth. the yield of bio-oil (57.9%) produced from heterotrophic chl ... | 2004 | 15099908 |
| recovery in aqueous two-phase systems of lutein produced by the green microalga chlorella protothecoides. | in this study the potential use of aqueous two-phase system (atps) to establish a viable process for the recovery of lutein from the green microalga chlorella protothecoides is evaluated. the partitioning behaviour of lutein, a representative model of natural compounds of commercial interest, was investigated in a polyethylene glycol (peg)-phosphate system. an evaluation of system parameters including peg molecular mass, the concentrations of peg, phosphate and product concentration was conducte ... | 2004 | 15177167 |
| biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil. | the present study introduced an integrated method for the production of biodiesel from microalgal oil. heterotrophic growth of chlorella protothecoides resulted in the accumulation of high lipid content (55%) in cells. large amount of microalgal oil was efficiently extracted from these heterotrophic cells by using n-hexane. biodiesel comparable to conventional diesel was obtained from heterotrophic microalgal oil by acidic transesterification. the best process combination was 100% catalyst quant ... | 2006 | 15936938 |
| algal species and light microenvironment in a low-ph, geothermal microbial mat community. | unicellular algae are the predominant microbial mat-forming phototrophs in the extreme environments of acidic geothermal springs. the ecology of these algae is not well known because concepts of species composition are inferred from cultivated isolates and microscopic observations, methods known to provide incomplete and inaccurate assessments of species in situ. we used sequence analysis of 18s rrna genes pcr amplified from mat samples from different seasons and different temperatures along a t ... | 2005 | 16269755 |
| expression switching of three genes encoding light-independent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in chlorella protothecoides. | three chloroplast genes, chll, chln and chlb, encoding the light-independent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (lipor) in chlorella protothecoides cs-41 growing either photoautotrophically, mixotrophically or heterotrophically, were all transcribed constitutively independent of illumination and presence of glucose. steady-state amounts of all three transcripts in the light-grown cells were, however, approximately two- to three-fold greater than those in the dark-grown cells. in addition, wester ... | 2006 | 16555010 |
| studies of sulfate utilization by algae: 8. the ubiquity of sulfate reduction to thiosulfate. | cell-free extracts from several microorganisms, when prepared by methods originally devised for chlorella pyrenoidosa (emerson strain 3) and incubated anaerobically with atp, mg(2+), and 2, 3-dimercaptopropan-1-ol, are capable of reducing sulfate-(35)s to thiosulfate. these microorganisms include, in addition to c. pyrenoidosa (emerson strain 3), several other strains of c. pyrenoidosa, chlorella protothecoides, chlorella vulgaris, anacystis sp., chlamydomonas reinhardi, escherichia coli, salmon ... | 1971 | 16657611 |
| the respiratory chain of chlorella protothecoides: i. inhibitor responses and cytochrome components of whole cells. | the respiration and cytochrome properties of "glucose-bleached" chlorella protothecoides krüger, indiana strain 25, were studied. this organism, when grown heterotrophically with high glucose and a low organic nitrogen source, has no chlorophyll, little carotenoid, and diminished chloroplast structure-factors which make it suitable for respiration studies.whole cell endogenous oxygen uptake rates are either stimulated or only slightly inhibited by cyanide, azide, co, and antimycin. when these in ... | 1974 | 16658836 |
| the respiratory chain of chlorella protothecoides: ii. isolation and characterization of mitochondria. | mitochondria were isolated from glucose-bleached chlorella protothecoides krüger, indiana strain 25. these mitochondria oxidized succinate, nadh, and l-malate at high rates. oxygen uptake with these substrates was partially inhibited by 1 mmm-chlorobenzhydroxamic acid (mclam). respiratory control was seen with succinate as substrate in the presence of mclam. the apparent km for succinate was determined to be 0.83 mm. chlorella mitochondria catalyzed the oxidation of reduced horse heart cytochrom ... | 1974 | 16658837 |
| the absence of protochlorophyll(ide) accumulation in algae with inhibited chlorophyll synthesis. | golenkinia, chlorella protothecoides, and mutant c-2a' of scenedesmus were grown in darkness and on media in which chlorophyll synthesis is reduced significantly. the pigments were analyzed by spectrophotometry or by paper chromatography and compared with similar extracts from light-grown algae and dark-grown beans. no protochlorophyll(ide) was present in the dark-grown algae indicating that chlorophyll synthesis is blocked by a mechanism other than feedback regulation of aminolevulinic acid syn ... | 1980 | 16661215 |
| regulation of chloroplast development by nitrogen source and growth conditions in a chlorella protothecoides strain. | chlorella strain (utex 27) maintains optimal photosynthetic capacity when growing photoautotrophically in the presence of ammonium. nitrate-grown photoautotrophic cells, however, show a drastic loss of chlorophyll content and ribulose-1,6-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, resulting in a greater than 10-fold decrease in photosynthetic capacity and growth rate. nitrate-grown cells are not deficient in protein content, and under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, the alga can util ... | 1990 | 16667875 |
| high quality biodiesel production from a microalga chlorella protothecoides by heterotrophic growth in fermenters. | the aim of the study was to obtain high quality biodiesel production from a microalga chlorella protothecoids through the technology of transesterification. the technique of metabolic controlling through heterotrophic growth of c. protothecoides was applied, and the heterotrophic c. protothecoides contained the crude lipid content of 55.2%. to increase the biomass and reduce the cost of alga, corn powder hydrolysate instead of glucose was used as organic carbon source in heterotrophic culture me ... | 2006 | 16772097 |
| microeukaryotic diversity in the extreme environments of the iberian pyrite belt: a comparison between universal and fungi-specific primer sets, temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and cloning. | the iberian pyrite belt extends from portugal to spain and is one of the most important pyrite regions in the world. its aquatic reservoirs display extreme conditions characterized by low ph and high concentrations of heavy metals. in this study, the diversity of microeukaryotes was analysed at the abandoned mines of são domingos (portugal) and at rio tinto (spain). dna was extracted from water samples and a set of eukaryotic universal primers directed to the small subunit rrna genes (rdna) was ... | 2006 | 16819957 |
| production of deuterated lutein by chlorella protothecoides and its detection by mass spectrometric methods. | chlorella protothecoides, a lutein-producing microalga, was grown aerobically in a mineral medium prepared with 70% (v/v) deuterated water. hplc/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (hplc/apci-ms) analysis revealed approximately 58% replacement of hydrogen by deuterium atoms as indicated by the molecular mass cluster at around m/z 599. the rapidly growing microalga had much higher levels (58%) of deuterium substitution relative to previously reported (9-15%) natural sources ... | 2006 | 16823600 |
| kinetic modeling of lutein production by heterotrophic chlorella at various ph and temperatures. | kinetics of lutein production by heterotrophic chlorella protothecoides was investigated with respect to ph and temperature. flask cultures with initial ph 5.0-8.0 were carried out, and it was found that ph 6.0 was optimal for the algal growth. further tests in fermentors showed that the highest biomass concentration, maximum cellular lutein content and lutein yield were achieved at ph 6. 6. in addition, it was shown that optimal biomass concentration and lutein yield were obtained at 28 degrees ... | 2006 | 16865749 |
| characterization of three genes encoding the subunits of light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase in chlorella protothecoides cs-41. | light is necessary for hydrogenation of the d ring of protochlorophyllide leading to chlorophyllide formation in higher plants (light-dependent pathway), but it is not essential in phototrophic bacteria (dark pathway). both pathways, however, occur in some algae, mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms, and each chloroplast genome of these organisms contains three genes, chll, chln, and chlb, encoding the three subunits of light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase (lipor) required for protochloroph ... | 2006 | 16889380 |
| fine structure and phylogeny of green algal photobionts in the microfilamentous genus psoroglaena (verrucariaceae, lichen-forming ascomycetes). | according to the literature the microfilamentous thalli of lichen-forming ascomycetes of the genus psoroglaena are assumed to harbour vivid green "prochlorophyte" cyanobacterial photobionts. as this would be the first report of terrestrial "prochlorophytes" we investigated the fine structure and two molecular markers (ssu rdna and rbcl) of the photobionts of p. stigonemoides (orange) henssen and p. epiphylla lücking. both psoroglaena spp. had unicellular green algal photobionts, representatives ... | 2007 | 17099847 |
| large-scale biodiesel production from microalga chlorella protothecoides through heterotrophic cultivation in bioreactors. | an integrated approach of biodiesel production from heterotrophic chlorella protothecoides focused on scaling up fermentation in bioreactors was reported in this study. through substrate feeding and fermentation process controls, the cell density of c. protothecoides achieved 15.5 g l(-1) in 5 l, 12.8 g l(-1) in 750 l, and 14.2 g l(-1) in 11,000 l bioreactors, respectively. resulted from heterotrophic metabolism, the lipid content reached 46.1%, 48.7%, and 44.3% of cell dry weight in samples fro ... | 2007 | 17497732 |
| high-density fermentation of microalga chlorella protothecoides in bioreactor for microbio-diesel production. | agal-fermentation-based microbio-diesel production was realized through high-cell-density fermentation of chlorella protothecoides and efficient transesterification process. cell density achieved was 16.8 g l(-1) in 184 h and 51.2 g l(-1) in 167 h in a 5-l bioreactor by performing preliminary and improved fed-batch culture strategy, respectively. the lipid content was 57.8, 55.2, and 50.3% of cell dry weight from batch, primary, and improved fed-batch culture in 5-l bioreactor. transesterificati ... | 2008 | 18064453 |
| rapid quantitation of lipid in microalgae by time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance. | a specific strain of chlorella protothecoides has been studied in heterotrophic fermentation for increasing cell growth rate and lipid content for biodiesel production. for optimizing the process of fermentation to reduce costs of alga-based biodiesel production, rapid determination of lipid content in microalgal cells is critical. nile red (nr) staining and time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (td-nmr) have been investigated to quantitate the lipid content in c. protothecoides. both methods w ... | 2008 | 18706459 |
| enhanced production of lutein in heterotrophic chlorella protothecoides by oxidative stress. | the fast growing unicellular green microalgae chlorella protothecoides has attracted interest as a promising organism for commercial production of a high-value carotenoid, lutein, by heterotrophic fermentation. effects of two oxidant-forming reactive oxygen species (ros) on the biomass concentration, and yield and content of lutein in batch culture of heterotrophic chlorella protothecoides were investigated in this study. the addition of 0.1 mmol/l h(2)o(2) and 0.01 mmol/l naclo plus 0.5 mmol/l ... | 2008 | 19093082 |
| effect of uv-c on algal evolution and differences in growth rate, pigmentation and photosynthesis between prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae. | insight into the influence of uv-c radiation on the evolutionary relationship between prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae was studied in seven species of algae exposed to different uv-c irradiances. the order of their acclimation (from most tolerant to sensitive) is synechococcus sp. pcc7942 (cyanophyta), synechocystis sp. pcc6803 (cyanophyta), chlorella protothecoides (chlorophyta), chlamydomonas reinhardtii (chlorophyta), phaeodactylum tricornutum (bacillariophyta), alexandrium tamarense (pyrrhop ... | 2009 | 19140896 |
| heterotrophic culture of chlorella protothecoides in various nitrogen sources for lipid production. | the influences of urea, yeast extract, and nitrate as the nitrogen source on heterotrophic growth of four strains of chlorella protothecoides were investigated in 9-day feed-batch cultures. biomass dry weight concentration (dwc) and lipid yield (ly) of the four strains in all media were compared. the highest ly in 9 days was 654 mg/l/day by utex 255 in 2.4 g/l kno(3) medium with a biomass dwc of 11.7 g/l and lipid content of 50.5%. using green autotrophic seeds instead of yellow heterotrophic se ... | 2010 | 19424668 |
| safety evaluation of a high-lipid algal biomass from chlorella protothecoides. | chlorella are traditionally freshwater green algae that have been evaluated for dietary purposes because of their nutritional value. this study investigates the safety of chlorella protothecoides in a 28-day study. sprague-dawley rats were administered 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, or 10% of their diet for 28days using an fda redbook protocol. the average daily dietary intake of algal biomass was determined to be 0, 1794, 3667, and 7557 mg/kg body weight for males and 0, 1867, 3918, and 8068 mg/kg body ... | 2009 | 19580838 |
| effects of cassava starch hydrolysate on cell growth and lipid accumulation of the heterotrophic microalgae chlorella protothecoides. | heterotrophic fermentation of microalgae has been shown to accumulate high amounts of microalgal lipids, which are regarded as one of the most promising feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel production. to increase the biomass and reduce the cost of microalgal culture, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using cassava starch hydrolysate (csh) instead of glucose as carbon source for heterotrophic culture of chlorella protothecoides in flasks. first, the two-step enzymatic ... | 2009 | 19633877 |
| prototheca cutis sp. nov., a newly discovered pathogen of protothecosis isolated from inflamed human skin. | a strain of a novel pathogenic, achlorophyllic alga belonging to the genus prototheca was isolated from the inflamed skin of a patient with protothecosis in a japanese hospital. the pathogen was detected and isolated in biopsy specimens by histopathology and culture-based examination. analyses of the nuclear 18s rdna gene and 26s rdna gene d1/d2 domain sequences and chemotaxonomic studies indicated that this strain represents a novel species with a close phylogenetic relationship to prototheca w ... | 2010 | 19666796 |
| toxicity of acid mine pit lake water remediated with limestone and phosphorus. | pit lakes are increasingly common worldwide and have potential to provide many benefits. however, lake water toxicity may require remediation before beneficial end uses can be realised. three treatments to remediate amd (ph approximately 4.8) pit lake water containing elevated concentrations of al and zn from collie, western australia were tested in mesocosms. treatments were: (a) limestone neutralisation (l), (b) phosphorus amendment (p), and (c) combined limestone neutralisation and phosphorus ... | 2009 | 19767103 |
| double co(2) fixation in photosynthesis-fermentation model enhances algal lipid synthesis for biodiesel production. | in this study, a photosynthesis-fermentation model was proposed to merge the positive aspects of autotrophs and heterotrophs. microalga chlorella protothecoides was grown autotrophically for co(2) fixation and then metabolized heterotrophically for oil accumulation. compared to typical heterotrophic metabolism, 69% higher lipid yield on glucose was achieved at the fermentation stage in the photosynthesis-fermentation model. an elementary flux mode study suggested that the enzyme rubisco-catalyze ... | 2010 | 19963369 |
| [cloning and analysis of the gene encoding lycopene epsilon cyclase in chlorella protothecoides cs-41]. | lycopene epsilon cyclase (lcye) is the key enzyme in the lutein synthesis pathway and catalyses linear lycopene to form cyclic epsilon-carotene, a presucursor of lutein. we aimed to clone the full-length cdna of lcye gene from chlorella protothecoides cs-41, to predict the functional sites and the three-dimensional structure of lcye through bioinformatics analysis and to confirm its activities and functions. | 2009 | 20030056 |
| oil accumulation via heterotrophic/mixotrophic chlorella protothecoides. | microalgal oil is a potential energy source because it can be easily converted to fatty acid methyl ester or hydrocarbon type of diesel, and it is produced with relatively higher productivity compared with oil from plants and animals. heterotrophic growth of microalgae is superior due to its high final product concentration; however, the cost of the raw materials is unacceptable if sugar is utilized as the carbon source. the aim of this study is to optimize the lipid accumulation of chlorella pr ... | 2010 | 20443076 |
| 13c-tracer and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses reveal metabolic flux distribution in the oleaginous microalga chlorella protothecoides. | the green alga chlorella protothecoides has received considerable attention because it accumulates neutral triacylglycerols, commonly regarded as an ideal feedstock for biodiesel production. in order to gain a better understanding of its metabolism, tracer experiments with [u-(13)c]/[1-(13)c]glucose were performed with heterotrophic growth of c. protothecoides for identifying the metabolic network topology and estimating intracellular fluxes. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis tracked ... | 2010 | 20720172 |
| a symbiotic gas exchange between bioreactors enhances microalgal biomass and lipid productivities: taking advantage of complementary nutritional modes. | this paper describes the association of two bioreactors: one photoautotrophic and the other heterotrophic, connected by the gas phase and allowing an exchange of o(2) and co(2) gases between them, benefiting from a symbiotic effect. the association of two bioreactors was proposed with the aim of improving the microalgae oil productivity for biodiesel production. the outlet gas flow from the autotrophic (o(2) enriched) bioreactor was used as the inlet gas flow for the heterotrophic bioreactor. in ... | 2010 | 20824486 |
| heterotrophic growth and lipid production of chlorella protothecoides on glycerol. | during the production of biodiesel, a significant amount of glycerol is generated which currently has little commercial value. a study on the growth and lipid production of chlorella protothecoides using glycerol as the carbon source was performed to demonstrate the utility of recycling crude glycerol created during biodiesel production. glycerol was examined as both the sole carbon source and in combination with glucose. algae cultures grown on only glycerol in shake flasks showed a specific gr ... | 2010 | 20976474 |
| photoautotrophic production of lipids by some chlorella strains. | the microalgae chlorella protothecoides utex 25, chlorella sp. tistr 8991, and chlorella sp. tistr 8990 were compared for use in the production of biomass and lipids under photoautotrophic conditions. chlorella sp. tistr 8990 was shown to be potentially suitable for lipid production at 30°c in a culture medium that contained only inorganic salts. for chlorella sp. tistr 8990 in optimal conditions in a stirred tank photobioreactor, the lipid productivity was 2.3 mg l(-1) h(-1) and after 14 days t ... | 2011 | 21222135 |
| waste molasses alone displaces glucose-based medium for microalgal fermentation towards cost-saving biodiesel production. | the by-product of sugar refinery-waste molasses was explored as alternative to glucose-based medium of chlorella protothecoides in this study. enzymatic hydrolysis is required for waste molasses suitable for algal growth. waste molasses hydrolysate was confirmed as a sole source of full nutrients to totally replace glucose-based medium in support of rapid growth and high oil yield from algae. under optimized conditions, the maximum algal cell density, oil content, and oil yield were respectively ... | 2011 | 21474303 |
| biomass and lipid production of heterotrophic microalgae chlorella protothecoides by using biodiesel-derived crude glycerol. | microalgal lipids may be a more sustainable biodiesel feedstock than crop oils. we have investigated the potential for using the crude glycerol as a carbon substrate. in batch mode, the biomass and lipid concentration of chlorella protothecoides cultivated in a crude glycerol medium were, respectively, 23.5 and 14.6-ág/l in a 6-day cultivation. in the fed-batch mode, the biomass and lipid concentration improved to 45.2 and 24.6-ág/l after 8.2-ádays of cultivation, respectively. the maximum lipid ... | 2011 | 21691839 |
| protective actions of microalgae against endogenous and exogenous advanced glycation endproducts (ages) in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. | the formation and accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (ages) is a key pathophysiological process involved in various diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy. in the present study, for the first time, protective effects of three microalgal strains, including their extracts and active compounds, against both endogenous and exogenous ages in cell-based models were investigated. results showed that in cultured human-derived retinal pigment epithelial arpe-19 cells, the extract ... | 2011 | 21779563 |
| integration of algae cultivation as biodiesel production feedstock with municipal wastewater treatment: strains screening and significance evaluation of environmental factors. | the objectives of this study are to find the robust strains for the centrate cultivation system and to evaluate the effect of environmental factors including light intensity, light-dark cycle, and exogenous co2 concentration on biomass accumulation, wastewater nutrient removal and biodiesel production. the results showed that all 14 algae strains from the genus of chlorella, haematococcus, scenedesmus, chlamydomonas, and chloroccum were able to grow on centrate. the highest net biomass accumulat ... | 2011 | 21982450 |
| cloning and characterization of the ζ-carotene desaturase gene from chlorella protothecoides cs-41. | to elucidate the lutein biosynthesis pathway in the lutein-producing alga, chlorella protothecoides cs-41, the ζ-carotene desaturase gene (zds) was isolated from chlorella protothecoides using the approach of rapid amplification of cdna ends. the full-length cdna sequence was 2031 bp and contained 1755 bp putative open reading frame which encodes a 584 amino acid deduced polypeptide whose computed molecular weight was 63.7 kda. sequence homology research indicated that the nucleotide and putativ ... | 2011 | 22013384 |
| Excess CO(2) supply inhibits mixotrophic growth of Chlorella protothecoides and Nannochloropsis salina. | Mixotrophy can be exploited to support algal growth over night or in dark-zones of a photobioreactor. In order to achieve the maximal productivity, however, it is fundamental also to provide CO(2) in excess to maximize photosynthetic activity and phototropic biomass production. The aim of this paper is to verify the possibility of exploiting mixotrophy in combination with excess CO(2). Two species with high biomass productivity were selected, Nannochloropsis salina and Chlorella protothecoides. ... | 2012 | 22088657 |
| optimization of microalgal productivity using an adaptive, non-linear model based strategy. | the optimization of biomass and oil productivities in heterotrophic cultures of auxenochlorella protothecoides was achieved using a non-linear model-based approach. a 10-fold increase in the average biomass productivity, and a 16-fold increase in the maximum productivity, was observed with respect to batch cultures as a result of the proposed optimization strategy. final cell density in the optimized culture was 144g/l (dry weight), with 49.4%w/w oil content. maximum lipid productivity was 20.16 ... | 2012 | 22119433 |
| preparation of protoplasts from chlorella protothecoides. | this paper describes an enzymatic method for yielding protoplasts from the microalga chlorella protothecoides. four kinds of commercially available enzymes were tested. the enzymatic digestion was optimal with 2% cellulase r-10 and 1% snailase prepared in 25 mm tris buffer (ph 6.0) containing 0.6 m d-mannitol, and the protoplast density could reach the peak after treatment at 30°c for 16 h. nearly all liberated protoplasts were green in the presence of 0.01% phenosafranin, indicating their high ... | 2011 | 22805967 |
| structure and function characterization of the phytoene desaturase related to the lutein biosynthesis in chlorella protothecoides cs-41. | phytoene desaturase is the key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis pathway of lutein. the unicellular microalga, chlorella protothecoides cs-41, had been selected for the heterotrophic production of high concentrations of lutein. in this study, a cdna copy of the pds gene from c. protothecoides was obtained using the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) technique. phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the phytoene desaturases derived from the algal family. exp ... | 2012 | 23271125 |
| enhanced catalysis of yarrowia lipolytica lipase lip2 immobilized on macroporous resin and its application in enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids. | an immobilization strategy was employed to improve activity and operational stability of yarrowia lipolytica lipase lip2 (yllip2) by using macroporous resins as carrier. d152h, a cation-exchange resin, was the best support. under the optimized conditions, the immobilization efficiency was 89.81% and the specific activity was 809,751 u/g, being 2.1-fold higher than that of the free lipase. bioimprinting and interfacial activation were used to further boost the catalytic activity of yllip2, respec ... | 2012 | 23347925 |