Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| experimental infections of a phlebotomus perniciosus colony using different procedures. | flies of two colonies of phlebotomus perniciosus established in italy and spain respectively, were infected with a leishmania infantum isolate from spain. only p. perniciosus from spain was completely found susceptible to the infection. experimental infections of p. perniciosus from spain with the same l. infantum isolate were carried out using rpmi or pbs as infective feeding mediums. the results demonstrate that using pbs it is possible to re-feed a great quantity of infected flies. | 1991 | 1841239 |
| the sandflies of algeria. | twenty-two species of sandflies are known to be present in algeria: 12 phlebotomus and 10 sergentomyia. each species has its own ecological distribution except in the mountains of the central sahara where both mediterranean species and species of the ethiopian zoo-geographical area occur together. phlebotomus perniciosus and p. papatasi are the proven vectors of leishmania infantum visceral leishmaniasis and l. major cutaneous leishmaniasis respectively. | 1991 | 1841261 |
| experimental transmission of leishmania infantum by the bite of phlebotomus perniciosus from switzerland. | the possible role of the sandfly phlebotomus perniciosus in the transmission of leishmania infantum in southern switzerland was investigated. it was found that the syrian golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus) could be infected by the bite of experimentally infected p. perniciosus females from canton ticino, in southern switzerland. this showed that this sandfly species could indeed be a vector for l. infantum in this area. however, as the population density of p. perniciosus is relatively low in ... | 1990 | 1973022 |
| [leishmania infantum mon-1 isolated from phlebotomus perniciosus, in kabylia (algeria)]. | 1990 | 2080833 | |
| the promastigote surface protease of leishmania donovani infantum in the midgut of phlebotomus perniciosus. | 1987 | 2892377 | |
| leishmania infantum infection rates in phlebotomus perniciosus fed on naturally infected dogs under antimonial treatment. | dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum nicolle were treated with three courses of meglumine antimoniate. changes were observed in the dogs' clinical signs, antibody titres and in infection rates of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead fed on the dogs. a large reduction in the sandfly infection rate was observed for 4-5 months after the first treatment. the use of antimonial drugs is advocated for the control of canine leishmaniasis and to reduce risks of l.infantum transmission. | 1987 | 2979550 |
| natural infections of phlebotomine sandflies with trypanosomatidae in central and south italy. | in a survey of leishmania infections of phlebotomine sandflies caught in central and south italy in 1986, zymodeme mon-1 (montpellier 1) of leishmania infantum was isolated from phlebotomus perniciosus and l. tarentolae [= trypanosoma platydactyli?] was isolated from sergentomyia minuta, providing for mainland italy the first direct proof of these long-suspected parasite-vector associations. the roles of p. perfiliewi and p. perniciosus in the transmission of leishmania spp. in italy are discuss ... | 1988 | 3188148 |
| leishmaniasis in sardinia: ii. natural infection of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911, by leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908, in the province of cagliari. | two promastigote-infected specimens of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911, were found in the province of cagliari, italy. the parasites from one specimen were successfully cultured in a hamster. the isolate was typed on 11 enzymes and shown to be identical with the reference strain of leishmania infantum s.st. this is the first typing of a leishmanial organism from naturally infected p. perniciosus. | 1986 | 3798544 |
| laboratory transmission of leishmania infantum to rattus rattus by the bite of experimentally infected phlebotomus perniciosus. | the role of the sandfly species phlebotomus perniciosus parrot in laboratory transmission of leishmania infantum was investigated. one of the wild reservoirs of the disease, the black rat (rattus rattus), was used as vertebrate host. the parasite was transmitted by the bite of experimentally infected p. perniciosus to the black rat which, six months later, was infective to the same sandfly species. these experimental data confirm the role of p. perniciosus in the transmission of l. infantum, as ... | 1985 | 4082264 |
| infectivity of dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum to colonized phlebotomus perniciosus. | a study was carried out on the infectivity to sandflies of 16 dogs naturally parasitized by leishmania infantum. all dogs were seropositive and the parasite had been isolated from all except one. they were divided into 3 clinical groups: 5 asymptomatic, 4 oligosymptomatic, and 7 polysymptomatic dogs. the dogs were exposed to female phlebotomus perniciosus from a local colony and 7 d later the fed females were dissected in order to determine their rate of infection. there was wide variability of ... | 1994 | 7570854 |
| natural infection of phlebotomus perniciosus with mon 72 zymodeme of leishmania infantum in the campania region of italy. | 1994 | 7810389 | |
| phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911, infection by various zymodemes of the leishmania infantum complex in the granada province (southern spain). | this study presents the results of the isoenzymatic characterization of 21 strains of leishmania of sandfly (p. perniciosus) origin from the torvizcón area. it forms an integral part of a larger eco-epidemiological study of the alpujarras (granada province, southern spain). the strains analysed were shown to belong to the l. infantum complex based on the results of 15 enzymes. the electrophoretic profiles for the enzymes mdh, g6pd and np1 have permitted the identification of four zymodemes: gr-1 ... | 1994 | 8070958 |
| human serum resistant promastigotes of leishmania infantum in the midgut of phlebotomus perniciosus. | promastigotes of leishmania infantum develop from early-stage normal human serum (nhs) sensitive forms to a partially nhs resistant stage in the midgut of phlebotomus perniciosus. this development begins about day 7 after the sandfly has taken its initial infective bloodmeal. the onset of partial nhs-resistance occurs when mass proliferation of midgut promastigotes is already completed and the parasites have begun to differentiate into small, highly motile cells. in this parasite/vector interrel ... | 1993 | 8094588 |
| protection of dogs from bites of phlebotomine sandflies by deltamethrin collars for control of canine leishmaniasis. | dog collars made of pvc plastic impregnated with the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin at 40 mg/g were investigated for their protective efficacy against phlebotomine sandflies. collared dogs were kept separately (two untreated control dogs lived together) in outdoor enclosures, each with a kennel, in the cévennes, southern france. to measure sandfly mortality and anti-feeding effects due to the deltamethrin-impregnated collars worn continuously by the dogs for up to 8 months, each dog was per ... | 1997 | 9226637 |
| infection of sand flies by humans coinfected with leishmania infantum and human immunodeficiency virus. | to determine the role that leishmania infantum/human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) coinfected patients could play in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), we applied direct xenodiagnosis of vl in this study to test the infectivity of six coinfected patients to colonized phlebotomus perniciosus. all patients proved to be infective for the sand flies. the infectivity of patients who had still not received specific treatment for vl was inversely proportional to their absolute cd4+ t lymph ... | 1999 | 9988321 |
| morphological and isoenzymatic differentiation of sympatric populations of phlebotomus perniciosus and phlebotomus longicuspis (diptera: psychodidae) in northern morocco. | the phlebotomine sandfly phlebotomus perniciosus newstead is a vector of leishmania infantum nicolle in the western mediterranean basin. in northern morocco it is often caught in sympatry with a closely related species, p. longicuspis nitzulescu. in the locality of chefchaouene where females of both species were morphologically distinguishable, none of the collected males exhibited forked copulatory valves, which is considered a specific character for p. perniciosus. they 1st were identified as ... | 1999 | 10071503 |
| experimental infection of phlebotomus perniciosus and determination of the natural infection rates of leishmania infantum in dogs. | direct xenodiagnosis has been used to determine the infection rates in sand flies of 12 dogs parasitized by leishmania infantum and classified in function of clinical signs. the dogs were divided into three clinical groups and no statistically significant differences in the infection rates of female sand flies were observed among them. this result indicates the epidemiological importance of asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic dogs. indirect xenodiagnosis uses sand flies fed on the blood of dogs ex ... | 2000 | 11080511 |
| canine leishmaniasis transmission: higher infectivity amongst naturally infected dogs to sand flies is associated with lower proportions of t helper cells. | the dog is the main reservoir of leishmania infantum, which is a parasite spread among canine hosts by the bite of sand flies. phlebotomus perniciosus is the sand fly acting as a major vector in the mediterranean basin. as a consequence, the dog will suffer from leishmaniasis. in this work the infective capacity of infected dogs, established by direct xenodiagnosis, has been investigated in relation to their immunological status by determining the lymphocyte percentages present in peripheral blo ... | 2000 | 11124096 |
| evidence for an impact on the incidence of canine leishmaniasis by the mass use of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars in southern italy. | dogs are the domestic reservoir of leishmania infantum nicolle (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), the agent of zoonotic human visceral leishmaniasis. in southern europe, where canine leishmaniasis (canl) is widespread due to l. infantum, killing seropositive dogs is considered unacceptable and drug treatment has low efficacy in preventing transmission. we made a field evaluation of the efficacy of deltamethrin dog collars in a canl focus of southern italy, mount vesuvius area of campania region ... | 2001 | 11776454 |
| [the phlebotomines of portugal. x--natural infestation of phlebotomus perniciosus by leishmania infantum mon-1 in algarve]. | 2001 | 11802277 | |
| evaluation of a specific immunochemotherapy for the treatment of canine visceral leishmaniasis. | the efficacy of specific immunochemotherapy against leishmania infantum infection in dog was studied. the effects on transmission of the disease, as well as the cellular and humoral immune response were examined. the treated animals showed a significant reduction in the infection rates that were detected in phlebotomus perniciosus females fed on the dog. the humoral immune response, assayed with an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat), did not show significant variations under the in ... | 2002 | 12088640 |
| a new stable focus of canine leishmaniasis in northern italy. | a new stable focus of canine leishmaniasis (canl) was identified in a coastal adriatic area of the emilia-romagna region in northern italy. following the first clinical cases observed starting from 1998, a seroepidemiological survey was carried out on owned dogs from two communes and on animals housed in dog pounds of the rimini province. sixteen out of 612 dogs (2.6%) resulted positive to the ifa test. the 16 positive dogs all came from the two communes, with seroprevalences of 3 and 6%, respec ... | 2001 | 12402521 |
| population differentiation of phlebotomus perniciosus in spain following postglacial dispersal. | comparative sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) and isoenzyme analyses have not resolved the population structure of the iberian lineage of the sandfly phlebotomus perniciosus, the most widespread vector of leishmania infantum (protozoa, trypanosomatidae) to humans and dogs in the western mediterranean subregion. allelic variation at trinucleotide microsatellite loci was investigated in 13 spanish populations of p. perniciosus. four out of five loci showed significant differentiatio ... | 2003 | 12692585 |
| host preferences of phlebotomine sand flies at a hypoendemic focus of canine leishmaniasis in central italy. | a survey was carried out on phlebotomine sand flies and their feeding habits at a hypoendemic focus of leishmania infantum in macerata province, central italy. during two consecutive years (2000-2001), 1465 sand fly specimens (42.5% of which were males) were collected from a variety of diurnal resting sites in the municipality of camerino. the most prevalent species was phlebotomus perniciosus (76.6%), followed by p. papatasi (10.4%), sergentomyia minuta (9.1%), phlebotomus perfiliewi (3.3%) and ... | 2003 | 14516922 |
| sandflies of the phlebotomus perniciosus complex: mitochondrial introgression and a new sibling species of p. longicuspis in the moroccan rif. | the bloodsucking adult females of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead and p. longicuspis nitzulescu (diptera: psychodidae) are important vectors of the protozoan leishmania infantum nicolle (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) in western mediterranean countries. the species status of the two phlebotomine sandflies was assessed, along with the epidemiological implications. individual sandflies from three moroccan rif populations were characterized morphologically, isoenzymatically (by the isoelectrofo ... | 2004 | 15009443 |
| prevention of sand fly attack by topical application of a permethrin/pyriproxyfen combination on dogs. | dogs are the primary domestic reservoir of leishmania infantum, the parasite responsible for most cases of human visceral leishmaniasis. a strategy for the control of leishmaniasis would be to inhibit the sand fly bite. a study was designed to measure the prevention of the sand fly attack by spraying a combination of permethrin and pyriproxyfen on dogs artificially exposed to the vector of leishmaniasis. eight dogs were individually challenged with 100 female sand flies for 1 hour on days -7, 0, ... | 2003 | 15136993 |
| isoenzymatic analysis of 712 strains of leishmania infantum in the south of france and relationship of enzymatic polymorphism to clinical and epidemiological features. | in the south of france, leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum occurs in the following five foci of endemicity (from west to east): pyrénées-orientales, cévennes, provence, côte d'azur, and corsica. between 1981 and 2002, 712 leishmania strains obtained from humans, dogs, cats, and sand flies were studied by isoenzyme analysis. in total, seven zymodemes were identified: mon-1, mon-11, mon-24, mon-29, mon-33, mon-34, and mon-108. the pyrénées-orientales focus is characterized by a predominance ... | 2004 | 15364993 |
| postglacial dispersal of phlebotomus perniciosus into france. | phlebotomus perniciosus was identified morphologically in samples from france and northeast spain, and individuals were then characterized at three polymorphic isoenzyme loci (by isoelectrofocusing) and at the mitochondrial dna locus (by comparative dna sequence analysis of a fragment of the cytochrome b gene). the four polymorphic loci gave conflicting patterns of population relationships, which can be explained by hypothesizing different amounts of gene introgression at each locus when two dis ... | 2005 | 16402559 |
| evaluation of a spray of permethrin and pyriproxyfen for the protection of dogs against phlebotomus perniciosus. | dogs are the main domestic reservoir of leishmania infantum in the old world (leishmania chagasi in the new world) a parasite responsible for many cases of human visceral leishmaniasis in both endemic and non-endemic regions. one strategy for the control of leishmaniasis would be to prevent dogs from being bitten by sandflies, the vector of leishmaniasis. this study was designed to assess the efficacy of spraying a combination of permethrin and pyriproxyfen on to dogs artificially exposed to san ... | 2006 | 16905734 |
| natural infection of phlebotomus (larroussius) langeroni (diptera: psychodidae) with leishmania infantum in tunisia. | phlebotomine sand flies were captured from an active transmission focus of sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by leishmania infantum, in el kef region, northern tunisia. both phlebotomus perniciosus and p. langeroni were found. phlebotomus langeroni females showed a statistically significant intradomiciliary dominance (p<0.01 for the 2003 and 2004 seasons) when compared to animal shelters. during the 2003 season, dissection of collected female specimens showed the presence of flagellates w ... | 2007 | 17049573 |
| leishmaniasis in portugal: enzyme polymorphism of leishmania infantum based on the identification of 213 strains. | this study reports isoenzyme polymorphism of leishmania strains isolated in different regions of portugal between 1982 and 2005. a total of 213 strains were obtained from cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis isolated from immunocompetent patients (adults and children) and immunocompromised adults, as well as from dogs and sandflies. four zymodemes were identified: mon-1, mon-24, mon-29 and mon-80. zymodeme mon-1 was identified in 96.7% of the strains, predominating in both immunocompete ... | 2006 | 17054751 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of a topically administered combination of imidacloprid and permethrin against phlebotomus perniciosus in dog. | the phlebotomine sand fly phlebotomus perniciosus is one of the main vectors of leishmania infantum, responsible for human and canine leishmaniasis in the mediterranean basin. the objective of this study was to evaluate the repellent and insecticidal efficacy of imidacloprid 10% (w/v)/permethrin 50% (w/v) spot-on against sand flies (p. perniciosus) on dogs. the dogs used in this trial were laboratory-bred beagles: eight were impregnated with the solution (treated group), while the other eight we ... | 2007 | 17056182 |
| infection of sandflies by a cat naturally infected with leishmania infantum. | despite the recent reports of feline leishmaniosis from southern europe, cats are still regarded as unusual leishmania hosts. a cat found chronically infected with leishmania was submitted to xenodiagnosis. after being sedated, the animal was exposed to the bite of 100 laboratory-reared phlebotomus perniciosus in a fine net cage for 90 min. four out of 19 blood-fed sandflies (21%) showed motile promastigotes at the dissection. parasites cultured from cat's lymph node and an infected fly were ide ... | 2007 | 17174035 |
| a century of leishmaniasis in alpes-maritimes, france. | a century of publications on leishmaniasis in alpes-maritimes, in southern france, is here reviewed. autochtonous human and canine leishmaniasis were first recognised in this département, which lies by the mediterranean sea and near the italian border, in 1918 and 1925, respectively. the parasite responsible for the leishmaniasis, leishmania infantum, is transmitted by phlebotomus perniciosus and p. ariasi. the human leishmaniasis is zoonotic, with domestic dogs acting as the main 'reservoir' ho ... | 2007 | 17877875 |
| comparative real-time kinetic analysis of human complement killing of leishmania infantum promastigotes derived from axenic culture or from phlebotomus perniciosus. | although leishmania metacyclic promastigotes are generally considered resistant to human complement, studies of in vitro-cultured axenic stationary promastigotes using serum concentrations that approximate physiological plasma conditions indicate complement sensitivity. natural leishmania infection is caused by sand fly-inoculated promastigotes, whose complement resistance has not been analyzed systematically. we compared leishmania susceptibility to human complement in l. infantum promastigotes ... | 2007 | 18023393 |
| mapping the main leishmania phlebotomine vector in the endemic focus of the mt. vesuvius in southern italy. | geographical information systems and remote sensing were used to analyze the distribution of the leishmania infantum-phlebotomus perniciosus parasite-vector system in relation to environmental features of two opposite sides (coastal and apennine) of mt. vesuvius, an area of intense transmission of human and canine leishmaniasis in southern italy. weekly phlebotomine collections were carried out during two consecutive warm seasons (2004- 2005) in 24 and 25 sites of the coastal and apennine sides, ... | 2007 | 18686244 |
| fluorescence-based detection of leishmania infantum dna in phlebotomus vectors. | the geographical diffusion of leishmaniasis can depend on the factors limiting the distribution of sandfly vectors. in sicily, as in all mediterranean areas, sandflies are present almost all year round because the climate permits perpetuation of this vector's life cycle. transmission can occurs in rural and domestic habitats through the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies. in italy, the visceral form of leishmaniasis is commonly found, which is due exclusively to l. infantum. two spec ... | 2008 | 19120243 |
| the phlebotomine fauna (diptera: psychodidae) of the eastern coast of tunisia. | to identify the phlebotomine sand fly populations of the eastern coast of tunisia, an entomological survey was carried out between september and october 2005 at 71 sites located in three districts. cdc light traps and sticky papers were used to collect a total of 2,138 phlebotomine sand flies representing nine species. the predominant species occurring on the eastern coast of tunisia are, in order of abundance, phlebotomus longicuspis nitzulescu, 1930 (40%); phlebotomus papatasi scopoli, 1786 (2 ... | 2009 | 19198511 |
| a survey on canine leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sand flies in central italy. | zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (zvl) is a vector-transmitted zoonosis caused by the parasitic protozoan leishmania infantum. bloodsucking sand flies of the subfamily phlebotominae are the obligatory insect hosts, and the dog is the only domestic reservoir. this study reports data from a survey of canine infection and sand fly phlebotomine monitoring in the province of perugia in central italy. the overall seroprevalence in a total of 100 dogs tested was 8% (95% confidence interval: 3.8-15.6%). ... | 2009 | 19217126 |
| geographical variation and factors associated to seroprevalence of canine leishmaniosis in an endemic mediterranean area. | this article retrospectively analyses the spatial distribution and dog- and environmental-level risk factors associated to leishmania infantum seroprevalence among 807 asymptomatic dogs in the municipality of crevillente in alicante in southeast spain in 1999. they represented 60% of the dogs in this 103 km2 area, with a human census of 27 034 people and 90% lived in crevillente town. the estimated seroprevalence (95% confidence interval) in 714 dogs > or =1-year old was 22% (19-25) however; it ... | 2010 | 19486495 |
| risk assessment for canine leishmaniasis spreading in the north of italy. | the incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis has not only been recognized but is, in fact, increasing in territories of northern continental italy previously regarded as non-endemic. recent findings of sporadic autochthonous canine infections and the presence of phlebotomine vectors in some provinces of north-eastern italy have stimulated risk assessment for the spreading of leishmaniasis in the autonomous province of bolzano-south tyrol, the northernmost territory of the italian eastern alp ... | 2009 | 19908194 |
| molecular detection of leishmania infantum in naturally infected phlebotomus perniciosus from algarve region, portugal. | in portugal, phlebotomus perniciosus and p. ariasi, (subgenus larroussius; diptera: psychodidae) are the proven vectors of leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum. the algarve region in southern portugal has been considered an endemic focus of leishmaniasis since 1980s. the main objective of the present study was to validate a molecular approach to detect leishmania infection in phlebotomines based on dna extraction from the female sandfly whole body, minus genitalia, followed by pcr for app ... | 2009 | 19959852 |
| environmental risk mapping of canine leishmaniasis in france. | abstract: | 2010 | 20377867 |
| phlebotomine sand fly population dynamics in a leishmaniasis endemic peri-urban area in southern italy. | a 2-year survey was carried out from may to november 2008 and 2009 to study the sand fly species composition, its seasonal phenology and density in apulia region (southern, italy). the study was conducted in a dog shelter located in a new residential urban district where leishmania infantum is endemic. sand flies were collected using sticky traps from may to november, at about 7-day intervals. temperature and relative humidity were recorded daily. in december 2008, general environmental improvem ... | 2010 | 20816927 |
| [epidemiology of leishmaniases in portugal]. | leishmaniases, caused by the intracellular protozoan leishmania infantum, are an endemic zoonosis in the mediterranean basin. dogs are considered the major host for these parasites, and the main reservoir for human visceral infection. parasites are transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies, being phlebotomus perniciosus and p. ariasi the proven vectors in portugal. the global climate changes associated with a higher density and activity of sand flies during a larger period might enhance ... | 2010 | 21144327 |
| mapping the current distribution and predicted spread of the leishmaniosis sand fly vector in the madrid region (spain) based on environmental variables and expected climate change. | leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum is a widespread zoonotic disease that is endemic in the mediterranean basin. based on prior point abundance data for the two sand fly vectors of leishmaniosis in the madrid region (phlebotomus perniciosus and phlebotomus ariasi), models were constructed to predict the spatial distribution patterns of these vectors. the models were obtained by negative binomial regression of several environmental variables and then used to map vector distributions. to v ... | 2011 | 21417927 |
| infectivity to phlebotomus perniciosus of dogs naturally parasitized with leishmania infantum after different treatments. | abstract: | 2011 | 21489241 |
| the midgut transcriptome of phlebotomus (larroussius) perniciosus, a vector of leishmania infantum: comparison of sugar fed and blood fed sand flies. | abstract: | 2011 | 21569254 |
| experimental transmission of leishmania infantum by two major vectors: a comparison between a viscerotropic and a dermotropic strain. | we quantified leishmania infantum parasites transmitted by natural vectors for the first time. both l. infantum strains studied, dermotropic cuk3 and viscerotropic imt373, developed well in phlebotomus perniciosus and lutzomyia longipalpis. they produced heavy late-stage infection and colonized the stomodeal valve, which is a prerequisite for successful transmission. infected sand fly females, and especially those that transmit parasites, feed significantly longer on the host (1.5-1.8 times) tha ... | 2011 | 21695108 |
| risk maps for the presence and absence of phlebotomus perniciosus in an endemic area of leishmaniasis in southern spain: implications for the control of the disease. | the aim of this study was to construct risk maps for the presence of the dominant leishmania infantum vector, p. perniciosus, and check its usefulness (a) to predict the risk of canine leishmaniasis and (b) to define effective leishmaniasis control measures. we obtained data for the presence/absence of p. perniciosus at 167 sampling sites in southern spain, from which we also took a series of ecological and climate-related data. the probability of p. perniciosus presence was estimated as a funct ... | 2011 | 21854702 |
| Epidemiologic relationship between Toscana virus infection and Leishmania infantum due to common exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus sandfly vector. | Sand flies are recognised vectors of parasites in the genus Leishmania and a number of arthropod-borne viruses, in particular viruses within the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. In southern France, Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV) is recognized as a prominent cause of summer meningitis. Since Leishmania and TOSV have a common vector (Phlebotomus perniciosus), an epidemiologic link has been assumed for a long time. However, there is no scientific evidence of such a link between human leishmanios ... | 2011 | 21949894 |
| How to increase the population of a Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera: Psychodidae) colony: a new method. | The sandfly Phlebotomus perniciosus is the most widespread vector of Leishmania infantum in Spain. Laboratory colonisation represents the most feasible source of information on the biology of these insects, but in conducting any study, the density of individuals in the colony may drop to such an extent that it is sometimes difficult to recover the initial population levels. A new technique was tested for the recovery of sandfly eggs in three different colonies; the recovery rate was studied by c ... | 2011 | 22012228 |
| Canine antibody response to Phlebotomus perniciosus bites negatively correlates with the risk of Leishmania infantum transmission. | Phlebotomine sand flies are blood-sucking insects that can transmit Leishmania parasites. Hosts bitten by sand flies develop an immune response against sand fly salivary antigens. Specific anti-saliva IgG indicate the exposure to the vector and may also help to estimate the risk of Leishmania spp. transmission. In this study, we examined the canine antibody response against the saliva of Phlebotomus perniciosus, the main vector of Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean Basin, and characterized ... | 2011 | 22022626 |
| efficacy of 65% permethrin applied to dogs as a spot-on against phlebotomus perniciosus. | leishmania infantum is a protozoan parasite causing leishmaniosis, a visceral disease transmitted by the bites of sand flies. as the main reservoir of the parasite, dogs are the principal targets of control measures against this disease, which affects both humans and dogs. several studies have revealed the usefulness of topical insecticide treatment (collars, spot-ons and sprays) in reducing the incidence and prevalence of l. infantum. the present study was designed to test the efficacy of 65% p ... | 2012 | 22336773 |
| current situation of leishmania infantum infection in shelter dogs in northern spain. | canine leishmaniosis (canl) caused by leishmania infantum is a widespread endemic disease in the mediterranean basin, though, so far, the north of spain has been considered a non-endemic area. the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of specific antibodies to l. infantum among stray dogs living in shelters in this area, and to evaluate the clinical status (both clinical signs and clinico-pathological abnormalities) of seropositive dogs. besides l. infantum infection, the epid ... | 2012 | 22452948 |
| leishmania infantum nicotinamidase is required for late-stage development in its natural sand fly vector, phlebotomus perniciosus. | leishmania infantum nicotinamidase, encoded by the lipnc1 gene, converts nicotinamide into nicotinicacid to ensure nicotinamide–adenine–dinucleotide (nad+) biosynthesis. we were curious to explore the role of this enzyme during l. infantum development in its natural sand fly vector, phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera, phlebotominae), using null mutants with a deleted lipnc1 gene. the null mutants developed as well as the wild type l. infantum at the early time points post their ingestion within th ... | 2012 | 22619752 |
| the hare (lepus granatensis) as potential sylvatic reservoir of leishmania infantum in spain. | xenodiagnosis of leishmania infection in hares (lepus granatensis) from a focus of human leishmaniasis in fuenlabrada at southwestern madrid region (spain) proved that they are infective to phlebotomus perniciosus. molecular characterization of isolates obtained from sand flies infected after xenodiagnosis demonstrates that hares were infected by leishmania infantum. this is the first evidence of the transmission of l. infantum from hares to sand flies. moreover the results confirm the role that ... | 2012 | 22677135 |
| entomological and ecological studies in a new potential zoonotic leishmaniasis focus in torres novas municipality, central region, portugal. | in portugal human and canine leishmaniasis are caused by leishmania infantum, and phlebotomus perniciosus and p. ariasi are the proven vectors. three main foci were identified in eighty's decade: trás-os-montes and alto douro region, lisbon region and algarve region, but according to onleish observatory data, canine leishmaniasis cases have been reported from several other regions, for which sand fly species and their infection rates are unknown. this study is the first phlebotomine survey in to ... | 2012 | 23262215 |
| detection of leishmania infantum and identification of blood meals in phlebotomus perniciosus from a focus of human leishmaniasis in madrid, spain. | since 2010, the number of cases of both human visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis in southwestern madrid region (spain) and more specifically in the town of fuenlabrada has increased. direct xenodiagnosis of leishmaniasis proved that hares (lepus granatensis) from this focus are able to infect with leishmania infantum colonized phlebotomus perniciosus. to a better understanding of this focus of leishmaniasis, we conducted an entomological survey using cdc light traps, at the end o ... | 2013 | 23535889 |
| vaccination with liesp/qa-21 (canileish®) reduces the intensity of infection in phlebotomus perniciosus fed on leishmania infantum infected dogs--a preliminary xenodiagnosis study. | ten beagle dogs at different stages of leishmania infantum infection, among which 6 had received a full course of liesp/qa-21 (canileish(®); virbac) vaccination, were exposed to the bites of reared phlebotomus perniciosus to assesses their infectiousness potential. this was found to be negligible/nil in 2 seronegative dogs with subpatent infection. among the 8 dogs with active infection (=positive serology, bone-marrow qualitative pcr and lymph node culture), 2/5 vaccinated (40.0%) and 2/3 nonva ... | 2013 | 23747102 |
| leishmania infection and host-blood feeding preferences of phlebotomine sandflies and canine leishmaniasis in an endemic european area, the algarve region in portugal. | the algarve region (ar) in southern portugal, which is an international tourist destination, has been considered an endemic region of zoonotic leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum since the 1980s. in the present study, phlebotomine and canine surveys were conducted to identify sandfly blood meal sources and to update the occurrence of leishmania infection in vectors and dogs. four sandfly species were captured: phlebotomus perniciosus, phlebotomus ariasi, phlebotomus sergenti and sergento ... | 0 | 23827997 |
| re-emergence of leishmaniasis in spain: community outbreak in madrid, spain, 2009 to 2012. | since july 2009, there has been a community outbreak of leishmaniasis in the south-west area of the madrid autonomous community, spain, affecting residents from four towns that are geographically close together and share extensive park areas. as of december 2012, 446 cases were reported (6 in 2009, 97 in 2010, 196 in 2011 and 147 in 2012), a mean incidence rate of 22.2 per 100,000 inhabitants during july 2009 and december 2012. the mean age was 44 years (range: 2 months to 95 years); 61.0% were ... | 2013 | 23929177 |
| leishmania infantum in free-ranging hares, spain, 2004-2010. | iberian hares (lepus granatensis) were recently deemed responsible for an outbreak of human leishmaniasis affecting metropolitan madrid, spain. however, the reservoir potential of hares in europe is poorly known. we report a retrospective survey on leishmania infantum, the causal agent of zoonotic endemic leishmaniasis in the mediterranean basin, infection status of iberian, european (le. europaeus) and broom (le. castroviejoi) hares in spain. spleen samples from 94 hares were tested by polymera ... | 2013 | 23929180 |
| temporal trends in canine leishmaniosis in the balearic islands (spain): a veterinary questionnaire. prospective canine leishmaniosis survey and entomological studies conducted on the island of minorca, 20 years after first data were obtained. | leishmaniosis is present in the mediterranean region of europe, where leishmania infantum is responsible for the disease, dogs are the main reservoir, and sand flies of the phlebotomus genus, subgenus larroussius, are proven vectors. some areas, including minorca in the balearic islands, are considered free of the disease, despite the presence of vectors. however, in the context of the current expansion of canine leishmaniosis in parts of europe, an epidemiological study using a veterinary quest ... | 2013 | 24055542 |
| presence of sandflies infected with leishmania infantum and massilia virus in the marseille urban area. | leishmaniasis is considered a rural disease in europe. however, circumstantial evidence has indicated urban transmission of leishmaniasis and phleboviruses in the urban area of marseille, france. to investigate this urban transmission, sandflies were trapped in 33 locations in the urban area (horse farms, public gardens and a residential area). sandflies were always captured: 87.8% were phlebotomus perniciosus, a vector of leishmania infantum and toscana and massilia viruses. rt-pcr and cell cul ... | 2014 | 24107240 |
| leishmania infantum (trypanosomatida: trypanosomatidae) phlebotomine sand fly vectors in continental mediterranean spain. | leishmania infantum-the causal agent of human and canine leishmaniasis in the mediterranean basin-remains the most important of the phlebotomine sand fly-borne pathogens in the area. however, information on phlebotomine sand flies in certain european regions remains scarce and consequently epidemiological modeling, risk prediction, and disease control are difficult. thus, we aimed to investigate the presence and distribution of phlebotomine sand fly vectors of l. infantum in an endemic region of ... | 2013 | 24128871 |
| molecular and immunogenic properties of apyrase sp01b and d7-related sp04 recombinant salivary proteins of phlebotomus perniciosus from madrid, spain. | sand fly salivary proteins are on the spotlight to become vaccine candidates against leishmaniasis and to markers of exposure to sand fly bites due to the host immune responses they elicit. working with the whole salivary homogenate entails serious drawbacks such as the need for maintaining sand fly colonies and the laborious task of glands dissection. in order to overcome these difficulties, producing recombinant proteins of different vectors has become a major task. in this study, a cdna libra ... | 2013 | 24171166 |
| the effect of temperature on leishmania (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) development in sand flies. | the spread of leishmaniasis to areas where it was previously considered nonendemic has been recently found in the new and old worlds, and climate changes are suspected as a crucial factor responsible for this spread. ambient temperature is known to significantly affect the metabolism of sand flies and their developmental times, but little is known about the effect of temperature on the leishmania life cycle in vectors. this study assesses the effect of temperature on the development of two close ... | 2013 | 24180098 |
| recombinant antigens from phlebotomus perniciosus saliva as markers of canine exposure to visceral leishmaniases vector. | phlebotomus perniciosus is the main vector in the western mediterranean area of the protozoan parasite leishmania infantum, the causative agent of canine and human visceral leishmaniases. infected dogs serve as a reservoir of the disease, and therefore measuring the exposure of dogs to sand fly bites is important for estimating the risk of l. infantum transmission. in bitten hosts, sand fly saliva elicits a specific antibody response that reflects the intensity of sand fly exposure. as screening ... | 2014 | 24392167 |
| effect of night time-intervals, height of traps and lunar phases on sand fly collection in a highly endemic area for canine leishmaniasis. | the activity of phlebotomine sand flies was monitored in a sub-urban area of sicily in order to acquire data on seasonality and to elucidate the effect of the night time-intervals, height of traps from ground and lunar phases on the abundance of the capture. the study was conducted in the farm of the university of messina (italy). light traps were placed as in the following: biweekly, from dusk to dawn, and from may to november; for three consecutive nights from 18:00 to 6:00, with the net bag b ... | 2014 | 24561074 |
| high levels of anti-phlebotomus perniciosus saliva antibodies in different vertebrate hosts from the re-emerging leishmaniosis focus in madrid, spain. | from july 2009 to date, a leishmaniosis outbreak has occurred in the south-west of the madrid region (spain) and has already accounted for more than 450 human cases in an area that comprises a population of approximately 500,000. the causative agent is leishmania infantum and the main vector in the area is phlebotomus perniciosus. although canine leishmaniosis prevalence in the focus is not higher than the average in the madrid region, a wild reservoir - the hare - has been implicated. in this s ... | 2014 | 24629428 |
| could wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) be reservoirs for leishmania infantum in the focus of madrid, spain? | xenodiagnosis has previously proved that hares (lepus granatensis) from a focus of leishmaniasis in the southwestern madrid region (spain) are infective to phlebotomus perniciosus, the only vector in the area, thus playing a probable role as active reservoirs in a sylvatic transmission cycle linked to the usual domestic one. although actions have been taken to reduce the population of this lagomorph, a high population of wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) is present in the area, which shows de ... | 2014 | 24774435 |
| ecology of phlebotomine sand flies and leishmania infantum infection in a rural area of southern italy. | phlebotomine sand flies are insects of major medico-veterinary significance in the mediterranean region, as they may transmit pathogens to animals and humans, including viruses and protozoa. the present study was conducted in southern italy, in an area where visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum is endemic. insects were collected monthly during two consecutive years using light traps set in five different ecologic contexts (i.e., a stonewall near a woodhouse, a tree near volcanic ... | 2014 | 24813871 |
| interaction between canine and human visceral leishmaniases in a holoendemic focus of central tunisia. | canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is endemic in the mediterranean basin. in tunisia, cvl is spatially associated with human visceral leishmaniasis (hvl) affecting mostly children younger than 5 years old. in this study, seroprevalence of leishmania infantum infection in dogs was assessed in highly endemic districts of the governorate of kairouan where more than 50% of hvl cases in tunisia were reported. an entomological investigation was also carried out in two endemic districts (bouhajla and ... | 2014 | 25004438 |
| transmission potential of antimony-resistant leishmania field isolates. | we studied the development of antimony-resistant leishmania infantum in natural vectors lutzomyia longipalpis and phlebotomus perniciosus to ascertain the risk of parasite transmission by sand flies. all three resistant strains produced fully mature late-stage infections in sand flies; moreover, the resistant phenotype was maintained after the passage through the vector. these results highlight the risk of circulation of resistant leishmania strains and question the use of human drugs for treatm ... | 2014 | 25049256 |
| first evidence of intraclonal genetic exchange in trypanosomatids using two leishmania infantum fluorescent transgenic clones. | the mode of reproduction in leishmania spp has been argued to be essentially clonal. however, recent data (genetic analysis of populations and co-infections in sand flies) have proposed the existence of a non-obligate sexual cycle in the extracellular stage of the parasite within the sand fly vector. in this article we propose the existence of intraclonal genetic exchange in the natural vector of leishmania infantum. | 2014 | 25188587 |
| factors influencing the presence of sand flies in majorca (balearic islands, spain) with special reference to phlebotomus pernicious, vector of leishmania infantum. | although the mediterranean island of majorca is an endemic area of leishmaniosis, there is a lack of up-to-date data on its sand fly fauna, the last report dating from 1989. the aim of the present study was to provide information on the current sand fly distribution, the potential environmental factors favoring the presence of phlebotomus perniciosus and which areas are at risk of leishmaniosis. | 2014 | 25192589 |
| stage-specific differential gene expression in leishmania infantum: from the foregut of phlebotomus perniciosus to the human phagocyte. | leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of zoonotical visceral leishmaniasis in the mediterranean basin. a recent outbreak in humans has been recently reported in central spain. leishmania spp. parasites are transmitted to the mammalian host by the bite of sand flies. the primary vector of l. infantum in spain is phlebotomus perniciosus. for decades, research on these parasites has involved the axenic culture model of the promastigote stage including gene expression profiling studies perfor ... | 2014 | 25281593 |
| characterisation of the ex vivo virulence of leishmania infantum isolates from phlebotomus perniciosus from an outbreak of human leishmaniosis in madrid, spain. | since mid 2009, an outbreak of human leishmaniosis in madrid, spain, has involved more than 560 clinical cases. many of the cases occurred in people who live in areas around a newly constructed green park (bosquesur). this periurban park provides a suitable habitat for sand flies (the vectors of leishmania infantum). indeed, studies of blood meals from sand flies captured in the area showed a strong association between the insect vector, hares or rabbits, and humans in the area. interestingly, u ... | 2014 | 25376381 |
| an investigation on vertical transmission of leishmania infantum in experimentally infected dogs and assessment of offspring's infectiousness potential by xenodiagnosis. | dogs are the main reservoir host of leishmania infantum, etiologic agent of human visceral leishmaniasis (hvl) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl). transmission of l. infantum to humans and dogs is mainly through the bite of infected sand flies. in the western mediterranean basin, phlebotomus perniciosus is the main vector of l. infantum. however, occasional vertical transmission of l. infantum has been reported. this study investigated l. infantum vertical transmission in offspring of exper ... | 2014 | 25468025 |
| molecular detection of leishmania dna and identification of blood meals in wild caught phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from southern portugal. | zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum which is transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies (diptera, psychodidae) is endemic in the mediterranean basin. the main objectives of this study were to (i) detect leishmania dna and (ii) identify blood meal sources in wild caught female sand flies in the zoonotic leishmaniasis region of algarve, portugal/southwestern europe. | 2015 | 25889732 |
| species composition of phlebotomine sand fly fauna in an area with sporadic cases of leishmania infantum human visceral leishmaniasis, morocco. | visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases are the main endemic vector-born diseases in morocco. human visceral leishmaniasis (hvl), by leishmania infantum, currently presents a significant health problem throughout the country and may constitute factor for death, especially among children with less than 15 years old. in the past, hvl has been basically absent or at least sporadic in marrakesh-tensift-al haouz region; however it became significant during the last decade. an entomological survey and a ... | 2015 | 25930188 |
| rotation of the external genitalia in male phlebotomine sand flies (diptera, psychodidae) in laboratory conditions and in captured specimens in algarve, portugal. | protozoal parasites are the causative agents of many insect-borne infectious diseases worldwide with impact on human and animal health. leishmaniasis is caused by leishmania spp. and transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies. in portugal, two species of phlebotomus (larroussius), namely phlebotomus perniciosus and phlebotomus ariasi are the proven vectors of leishmania infantum. phlebotomine females and males rest and breed in the same sites; and these locations can be predicted according to ... | 2015 | 26099682 |
| canine antibodies against salivary recombinant proteins of phlebotomus perniciosus: a longitudinal study in an endemic focus of canine leishmaniasis. | phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of leishmania parasites. during blood feeding, sand flies deposit into the host skin immunogenic salivary proteins which elicit specific antibody responses. these anti-saliva antibodies enable an estimate of the host exposure to sand flies and, in leishmaniasis endemic areas, also the risk for leishmania infections. however, the use of whole salivary gland homogenates as antigen has several limitations, and therefore, recombinant salivary proteins have been te ... | 2015 | 26111018 |
| de novo assembly and sex-specific transcriptome profiling in the sand fly phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera, phlebotominae), a major old world vector of leishmania infantum. | the phlebotomine sand fly phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera: psychodidae, phlebotominae) is a major old world vector of the protozoan leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases in humans and dogs, a worldwide re-emerging diseases of great public health concern, affecting 101 countries. despite the growing interest in the study of this sand fly species in the last years, the development of genomic resources has been limited so far. to increase the available ... | 2015 | 26493315 |
| ecological and epidemiological status of species of the phlebotomus perniciosus complex (diptera: psychodidae, phlebotominae) in morocco. | leishmania infantum (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) infection is transmitted by an infected female sand fly (diptera: psychodidae, phlebotominae) of the subgenus larroussius: phlebotomus ariasi, phlebotomus perniciosus, and phlebotomus longicuspis in the mediterranean basin. in morocco, the vectorial role of p. ariasi was demonstrated, while that of p. longicuspis and p. perniciosus is not elucidated. in addition, moroccan p. longicuspis and p. perniciosus populations present a higher morphol ... | 2016 | 26593735 |
| natural transmission of leishmania infantum through experimentally infected phlebotomus perniciosus highlights the virulence of leishmania parasites circulating in the human visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in madrid, spain. | a human leishmaniasis outbreak is occurring in the madrid region, spain, with the parasite and vector involved being leishmania infantum and phlebotomus perniciosus respectively. the aim of this study was to investigate the virulence of l. infantum isolates from the focus using a natural transmission model. hamsters were infected by intraperitoneal inoculation (ip) or by bites of sand flies experimentally infected with l. infantum isolates obtained from p. perniciosus collected in the outbreak a ... | 2015 | 26645907 |
| changes of sand fly populations and leishmania infantum infection rates in an irrigated village located in arid central tunisia. | the current spread of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (zvl) throughout arid areas of central tunisia is a major public health concern. the main objective of this study is to investigate whether the development of irrigation in arid bio-geographical areas in central tunisia have led to the establishment of a stable cycle involving sand flies of the subgenus larroussius and leishmania infantum, and subsequently to the emergence of zvl. sand flies were collected from the village of saddaguia, a hig ... | 2016 | 26999176 |
| influence of the microenvironment in the transcriptome of leishmania infantum promastigotes: sand fly versus culture. | zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by leishmania infantum in the mediterranean basin, where domestic dogs and wild canids are the main reservoirs. the promastigote stage replicates and develops within the gut of blood-sucking phlebotomine sand flies. mature promastigotes are injected in the dermis of the mammalian host and differentiate into the amastigote stage within parasitophorous vacuoles of phagocytic cells. the major vector of l. infantum in spain is phleboto ... | 2016 | 27163123 |
| in vitro infectivity and differential gene expression of leishmania infantum metacyclic promastigotes: negative selection with peanut agglutinin in culture versus isolation from the stomodeal valve of phlebotomus perniciosus. | leishmania infantum is the protozoan parasite responsible for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in the mediterranean basin. a recent outbreak in humans has been reported in this area. the life cycle of the parasite is digenetic. the promastigote stage develops within the gut of phlebotomine sand flies, whereas amastigotes survive and multiply within phagolysosomes of mammalian host phagocytes. the major vector of l. infantum in spain is phlebotomus perniciosus. the axenic culture model of promasti ... | 2016 | 27206922 |
| experimental infection of phlebotomus perniciosus by bioluminescent leishmania infantum using murine model and artificial feeder. | leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is transmitted by sandflies and caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus leishmania. in the present study, we carried out a screening on the experimental infection of phlebotomus pernioucus by bioluminescent leishmania infantum using murine model and artificial feeder. we developed a real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr)-based method to determine individually the number of leishmania promastigotes fed by infected flies. among 1840 ... | 0 | 27439032 |
| leishmania infantum infection in bennett's wallabies (macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus) in a spanish wildlife park. | although dogs are the main reservoir for human leishmania infantum infection, the disease has also been reported in other domestic and wild mammals. in 2011, a fatal case of naturally acquired leishmaniosis was described for the first time in a bennett's wallaby (macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus) kept in a wildlife park in madrid (spain). this study was designed to assess the infection status of twelve bennett's wallabies in the same park one year after this incident. phlebotomus perniciosus, th ... | 2016 | 27468032 |
| the recombinant protein rsp03b is a valid antigen for screening dog exposure to phlebotomus perniciosus across foci of canine leishmaniasis. | the frequency of sandfly-host contacts can be measured by host antibody levels against sandfly salivary proteins. recombinant salivary proteins are suggested to represent a valid replacement for salivary gland homogenate (sgh); however, it is necessary to prove that such antigens are recognized by antibodies against various populations of the same species. phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera: psychodidae) is the main vector of leishmania infantum (trypanosomatida: trypanosomatidae) in southwest eur ... | 2017 | 27718267 |
| rationale for selection of developmentally regulated genes as vaccine candidates against leishmania infantum infection. | 2016 | 27720298 | |
| detection of leishmania dna and blood meal sources in phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in western of spain: update on distribution and risk factors associated. | leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum is present in mediterranean countries, with high prevalence in areas of the center and south of spain. however, in some regions such as extremadura (in southwest of spain), data has not been updated since 1997. the aim of this work was (i) to provide information about the distribution of phlebotomine sand fly species in western of spain (extremadura region), (ii) to determine risk factors for the presence of sand fly vectors and (iii) to detect leishma ... | 2016 | 27720626 |
| an integrated overview of the midgut bacterial flora composition of phlebotomus perniciosus, a vector of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in the western mediterranean basin. | the leishmania developmental life cycle within its sand fly vector occurs exclusively in the lumen of the insect's digestive tract in the presence of symbiotic bacteria. the composition of the gut microbiota and the factors that influence its composition are currently poorly understood. a set of factors, including the host and its environment, may influence this composition. it has been demonstrated that the insect gut microbiota influences the development of several human pathogens, such as pla ... | 2017 | 28355207 |
| detection of high leishmania infantum loads in phlebotomus perniciosus captured in the leishmaniasis focus of southwestern madrid region (spain) by real time pcr. | since 2010 a human leishmaniasis outbreak has been notified in southwestern madrid region that still remains active. entomological surveys have been carried out in the affected area in order to obtain information about species diversity, distribution, and density of sand flies. moreover, molecular identification of blood meal preferences of sand flies and molecular detection of leishmania infantum has been performed. in this work, we optimized a real time pcr assay in order to determine parasite ... | 2017 | 28356232 |
| phlebotomine sand fly survey in the focus of leishmaniasis in madrid, spain (2012-2014): seasonal dynamics, leishmania infantum infection rates and blood meal preferences. | an unusual increase of human leishmaniasis cases due to leishmania infantum is occurring in an urban area of southwestern madrid, spain, since 2010. entomological surveys have shown that phlebotomus perniciosus is the only potential vector. direct xenodiagnosis in hares (lepus granatensis) and rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) collected in the focus area proved that they can transmit parasites to colonized p. perniciosus. isolates were characterized as l. infantum. the aim of the present work was ... | 2017 | 28764772 |