Publications

the distribution of o-antigen types of escherichia coli in normal calves, compared with man, and their r plasmid carriage.		1976	780334
observations on the incidence of clinical bovine mastitis in non-lactating cows in england and wales.	epidemiological features of clinical mastitis in dry cows from a three year prospective study are described. two hundred and seventy-three herds in england and wales participated in the first year (1980) and 209 and 159 of them continued in the study in the subsequent two years. clinical mastitis was recorded in 1.5 per cent of cows during the dry period in each of the three years. these cases represented between 3.6 and 4.2 per cent of samples from all clinical cases examined. the incidence of ...	1986	3523959
the hygiene and marketing of fresh cream as assessed by the methylene blue test. a report by a working party to the director of the public health laboratory service.	the hygiene and marketing of fresh cream in england and wales was investigated by a working party of the public health laboratory service (phls) between 1 october 1968 and 31 july 1969. thirty-one cream-producing dairies were visited and observations made in the light of the code of practice published by the milk and milk products technical advisory committee of the ministry of agriculture, fisheries and food, and the scottish home and health department. suggestions are made in this report to st ...	1971	4326247
antibiotic sensitivity patterns and r factors in domestic and wild animals.		1971	4927560
the public health implications of drug-resistant bacteria in farm animals.		1971	4936669
a 1-year study of escherichia coli o157 in cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry.	samples of rectal faeces were collected immediately after slaughter from 400 cattle each month for a 1-year period and from 1000 each of sheep, pigs and poultry over the same period. samples were examined for escherichia coli o157 by enrichment culture in buffered peptone water with vancomycin, cefixime and cefsulodin followed by immunomagnetic separation and culture of magnetic particles onto cefixime tellurite sorbitol macconkey agar. e. coli o157 was isolated from 752 (15.7%) of 4800 cattle, ...	1997	9363024
a community outbreak of vero cytotoxin producing escherichia coli o157 infection linked to a small farm dairy.	a community outbreak of infection with vero cytotoxin producing escherichia coli o157 (vtec 0157) occurred in a small area of north west england in 1996. an outbreak control team was established to investigate the outbreak and implement control measures. nine people developed symptomatic infections with vtec o157, and a further three were found to be excreting the bacteria. all were infected with the same genotype of vtec o157. three children under 5 years of age and one adult were admitted to h ...	1997	9447786
studies of the presence of verocytotoxic escherichia coli o157 in bovine faeces submitted for diagnostic purposes in england and wales and on beef carcases in abattoirs in the united kingdom.	a survey of beef carcases in abattoirs in the uk was carried out in order to estimate the prevalence of contamination with verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) serogroup o157. contamination with verocytotoxin-producing e. coli (vtec) o157 was confirmed in 0.47% of the 4067 (95% confidence limits 0.22-1.00%) of neck muscle samples. a significant tendency for carcases present in the same abattoir on the same day to have similar results was found, thus suggesting cross contamination. vte ...	1998	9593489
vtec o157 phage type 21/28 infection in north cumbria: update.		1999	10209910
aetiology of clinical mastitis in six somerset dairy herds.	clinical mastitis was monitored in six somerset dairy herds for one year. the herds all had three-month geometric mean bulk milk somatic cell counts of less than 250,000 cells/ml. escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen isolated on all the farms and in all months of the year. environmental pathogens accounted for 61.4 per cent of all cases of clinical mastitis and for 79.3 per cent of the mastitis cases in which an aetiological agent was identified. the mean annual incidence was 41.6 cases ...	2001	11425254
e. coli o157.		2001	11740070
vtec o157 in cattle.		2003	14567669
characterisation of attaching-effacing escherichia coli isolated from animals at slaughter in england and wales.	escherichia coli isolates were recovered from faecal samples taken from cattle, sheep and pigs at slaughter in england and wales. isolates (n = 1227) selected at random from this collection were each hybridised in colony dot-blot experiments with an eae gene probe that presumptively identified attaching-effacing e. coli (aeec). of the 99 (8.1%) eae positive isolates 72 were of ovine origin, 24 were of bovine origin and three of porcine origin. none were typed as o157:h7 whereas 78 were assigned ...	2004	15288926
prevalence and associations between bacterial isolates from dry mammary glands of dairy cows.	to assess the prevalence and patterns of bacterial isolates, cultures were made from the dry mammary glands of dairy cows in six commercial dairy herds in the uk. milk samples were taken from all four quarters of 480 cows at drying off and at weekly intervals from 14 days before to seven days after calving. a major mastitis pathogen was isolated from at least one quarter of 220 (45.8 per cent) of the cows and from more than one quarter of 90 (18.8 per cent) of them. during the late dry to calvin ...	2005	15689035
persistence of escherichia coli o157 isolates on bovine farms in england and wales.	we performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis on escherichia coli o157 isolates (n = 318) from 199 healthy animals in a longitudinal study carried out on nine farms. investigation of the restriction types proved that at the farm level, the same clones can be detected on sampling occasions separated by as much as 17 months. the cohort animals were repeatedly sampled, and for some of these, the same clones were obtained on sampling occasions separated by as much as 8 months.	2005	15695700
prevalence and genetic diversity of campylobacter spp. in environmental water samples from a 100-square-kilometer predominantly dairy farming area.	water samples were taken systematically from a 100-km2 area of mainly dairy farmland in northwestern england and examined for campylobacter spp. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pfge-rflp) and flaa strain typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates were done. data on the water source and the adjacent environment were recorded and examined as explanatory variables. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 40.5% (n = 119) of the water sampl ...	2005	15812015
spatial and temporal epidemiology of sporadic human cases of escherichia coli o157 in scotland, 1996-1999.	in scotland, between 1995 and 2000 there were between 4 and 10 cases of illness per 100000 population per year identified as being caused by escherichia coli o157, whereas in england and wales there were between 1 and 2 cases per 100000 population per year. within scotland there is significant regional variation. a cluster of high rate areas was identified in the northeast of scotland and a cluster of low rate areas in central-west scotland. temporal trends follow a seasonal pattern whilst spati ...	2005	16274499
survey of the incidence and aetiology of mastitis on dairy farms in england and wales.	a survey of clinical and subclinical mastitis was carried out on 97 dairy farms in england and wales, selected at random from members of a national milk recording scheme. the farmers were asked to collect aseptic milk samples from five consecutive cases of clinical mastitis and from five quarters with high somatic cell counts using a defined protocol, and they completed a questionnaire that included information on the cows sampled, the herd and the history of mastitis in the herd. the samples we ...	2007	17322356
microbiological differences between cull cattle slaughtered at an abattoir and cull cattle slaughtered on farms.	tissue samples from 27 casualty adult dairy cattle slaughtered on farms and 32 'normal' cull dairy cattle were analysed microbiologically for total viable counts (tvc), enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli o157, salmonella enterica and campylobacter species. overall the counts of enterobacteriaceae and tvc were higher in the animals slaughtered on farms, particularly in the spleen. one 'normal' animal yielded e coli o157, and one yielded campylobacter jejuni, and eight of the cattle slaughtered ...	2007	18037694
factors influencing the presence and concentration of e. coli o157 and e. coli in farm waste on six cattle farms in north-west england.	to investigate the factors influencing the presence and burden of escherichia coli o157 in farm wastes.	2009	19200325
quarter and cow risk factors associated with the occurrence of clinical mastitis in dairy cows in the united kingdom.	quarter and cow risk factors associated with the development of clinical mastitis (cm) during lactation were investigated during a 12-mo longitudinal study on 8 commercial holstein-friesian dairy farms in the southwest of england. the individual risk factors studied on 1,677 cows included assessments of udder and leg hygiene, teat-end callosity, and hyperkeratosis; body condition score; and measurements of monthly milk quality and yield. several outcome variables for cm were used for statistical ...	2009	19447987