Publications

investigation of fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) as a biological control agent of culex mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions.	many urban areas have engineered storm-water runoff control structures such as ditches and detention ponds. these often serve as excellent habitats for culex pipiens and culex restuans, the primary enzootic vectors of west nile virus in the midwest. we evaluated predation and control of these species by a fish species native to wisconsin, the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas). in the lab, a single minnow consumed an average of 74 cx. pipiens larvae in a 24-h period. minnow gender and age had ...	2009	19852220
occurrence of avian plasmodium and west nile virus in culex species in wisconsin.	the occurrence of multiple pathogens in mosquitoes and birds could affect the dynamics of disease transmission. we collected adult culex pipiens and cx. restuans (cx. pipiens/restuans hereafter) from sites in wisconsin and tested them for west nile virus (wnv) and for avian malaria (plasmodium). gravid cx. pipiens/restuans were tested for wnv using a commercial immunoassay, the ramp wnv test, and positive results were verified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. there were 2 wnv- ...	2010	20402347