Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| isolation of chicken anaemia virus from broiler chickens. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection was demonstrated, by both serology and virus isolation, in 1- to 6-week-old broiler chickens originated from various parent flocks in hungary. total losses in the broiler flocks were estimated at 7 to 8% and about 25% of the chickens failed to reach target body mass by the 7th week of life. the clinical signs, postmortem lesions and histopathological changes of the affected chickens were similar to those of naturally occurring cav-induced infectious anaemia ... | 1992 | 1298167 |
| detection and differentiation of chicken anemia virus isolates by using the polymerase chain reaction. | complementary oligonucleotide primers which flank a 675-bp dna fragment encompassing part of the putative gene for the capsid protein of chicken anemia virus (cav) were used for the enzymatic amplification of cav dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). application of a dot blot hybridization assay by using a 32p-labeled cloned cav dna probe allowed pcr product amplified from as little as 0.1 fg of the target dna sequence to be detected. when it was used for pcr amplification, dna extracted f ... | 1992 | 1321165 |
| chicken anemia virus causes apoptosis of thymocytes after in vivo infection and of cell lines after in vitro infection. | after infection of 1-day-old chickens, chicken anemia virus (cav) causes a complete depletion of the thymic cortex by day 14. since cell death can be caused either by necrosis or by apoptosis, we investigated which type of cell death occurs after in vivo and in vitro infections with cav. using electron microscopy and biochemical methods, we demonstrated that cav induces apoptosis of cortical thymocytes after in vivo infection and of lymphoblastoid cell lines after in vitro infection. at day 13 a ... | 1992 | 1331529 |
| development and comparison of serologic methods for diagnosing chicken anemia virus infection. | this paper describes the development of an indirect immunoperoxidase assay (iip) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting antibodies to chicken anemia virus (vac). the iip assay developed used cav-infected mdcc-msb1 cells for detecting antibody to cav, whereas the elisa utilized gradient-purified immunoadsorbed cav as the target antigen. the iip and elisa were compared with the standard indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) assay, which is more conventionally u ... | 1992 | 1417604 |
| detection of chicken anaemia agent dna sequences by the polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for detection of chicken anaemia agent (caa) dna. the assay used a single set of 20-base primers complementary to sequences located in the coding regions of the caa replicative form (rf) dna genome at positions 485 to 504 and 1048 to 1067. the observed amplification product had the expected size of 583 bp and was confirmed to derive from caa rf dna by a unique hind iii restriction enzyme cleavage pattern. the amplified fragment was shown to b ... | 1992 | 1456891 |
| [an outbreak of infectious chicken anemia in fattening chickens in switzerland]. | an outbreak of infectious anaemia in 46 broiler flocks due to chicken anaemia agent (caa) is described. the vertically acquired infection led to increased mortality (3.6-19.8%) in 16 to 24 day-old broiler chickens. at necropsy severe atrophy of thymus and anaemia with pale bone marrow was observed. the histologic findings were depletion of cortical thymocytes and of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. the caa was isolated from 15 of 35 examined broiler flocks. | 1992 | 1470902 |
| polymerase chain reaction amplification for direct detection of chicken anemia virus dna in tissues and sera. | direct detection of chicken anemia virus (cav) dna in tissues and sera was investigated by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. using a pair of primers constructed to amplify the coding sequence of the cav dna genome, the pcr assay was shown to be extremely sensitive, being able to detect 1 fg of cav replicative form dna. the oligonucleotide primers used for the pcr yielded 583 base-pair (bp) amplified product, which was sized by ethidium bromide-agarose gel electrophoresis. tissue samples f ... | 1992 | 1485846 |
| transcription of the chicken anemia virus (cav) genome and synthesis of its 52-kda protein. | this paper describes the expression of the chicken anemia virus (cav) genome, a recently characterized single-stranded circular-dna virus of a new type [noteborn et al., j. virol. 65 (1991) 3131-3139]. the major transcript from the cav genome is an unspliced mrna of about 2100 nucleotides (nt). its transcription start point and poly(a)-addition site are located at nt 354 and 2317 of the cav sequence, respectively. in vitro translation experiments provide evidence that the major cav open reading ... | 1992 | 1511899 |
| characterization of viral dnas from cells infected with chicken anaemia agent: sequence analysis of the cloned replicative form and transfection capabilities of cloned genome fragments. | the viral dnas induced by the unclassified animal virus, chicken anaemia agent (caa), during replication in mdcc-msb 1 cells have been investigated. analyses after s1 nuclease, restriction endonuclease and denaturation treatments indicated that infected cell extracts contained genome-size, single-stranded dna (m(r) 2.3 kb), closed and open circular, double-stranded replicative form (rf) dnas (m(r) 2.3 kbp) and a population of smaller double-stranded dnas (m(r) 0.8 kbp). recombinant plasmids cont ... | 1992 | 1605740 |
| susceptibility of thymocytes for infection by chicken anemia virus is related to pre- and posthatching development. | to investigate the age-dependent mechanism of susceptibility for chicken anemia virus (cav) infection, we inoculated embryos and chickens of ages between day 9 of embryonic development and day 28 after hatching with cav. chicken embryos inoculated at days 9 and 11 of development showed no cav-infected cells in the thymus, nor in other lymphoid organs. many cav-infected cells were detected in the thymic cortex of all chicken embryos inoculated at days 13 and 16 of development and of all chickens ... | 1992 | 1643417 |
| isolation and identification of chicken infectious anemia virus in brazil. | seven chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) isolates were obtained from seven broiler flocks with poor performance in two states of brazil. all isolates induced thymus atrophy, bone-marrow aplasia, and low hematocrit values when inoculated into 1-day-old susceptible chicks. the ciav isolates were resistant to treatment with chloroform and were able to pass through 50-nm-pore-size filters. ciav-specific antigens could be demonstrated in tissues of experimentally infected chicks using a monoclona ... | 1991 | 1786012 |
| characterization of proteins of chicken infectious anemia virus with monoclonal antibodies. | eight monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) were developed. these mabs identified three isolates adapted to grow in the marek's disease chicken cell line msb1 (cux-1, ga-1, and conn-b) and the chicken-propagated cia-1 isolate. all mabs stained msb1 in the same way with mostly perinuclear staining, although larger nuclear inclusions and cytoplasmic staining were also detected. none of the mabs neutralized cux-1. all mabs reacted in a direct enzyme-linked immu ... | 1991 | 1786015 |
| direct binding of protein a, protein g, and anti-igg conjugates to chicken infectious anemia virus. | recombinant protein a, recombinant protein g, and anti-chicken-igg anti-bodies raised in rabbits, goats, or horses were found to bind directly to chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav). msb-1 cells infected with the cux-1 strain of chicken anemia agent, but not to uninfected msb-1 cells were found to react with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates. in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, rabbit anti-chicken horseradish peroxidase conjugate bound directly to cia-1 ciav-coated plates. in additio ... | 1991 | 1827577 |
| biological characterisation of australian isolates of chicken anaemia agent. | three australian isolates of chicken anaemia agent (caa) resisted treatment at 70 degrees c for 5 min and chloroform treatment. although minor antigenic differences were detected using monoclonal antibodies to caa, the australian isolates were indistinguishable from the reference cux-1 and gifu-1 isolates in cross-immunofluorescence and cross-neutralisation tests employing polyclonal chicken antiserums. the australian viruses were pathogenic for intramuscularly inoculated 1-day-old spf chicks, b ... | 1991 | 1832278 |
| characterization of cloned chicken anemia virus dna that contains all elements for the infectious replication cycle. | circular double-stranded replication intermediates were identified in low-molecular-weight dna of cells of the avian leukemia virus-induced lymphoblastoid cell line 1104-x-5 infected with chicken anemia virus (cav). to characterize the genome of cav, we cloned linearized cav dna into the vector pic20h. transfection of the circularized cloned insert into chicken cell lines caused a cytopathogenic effect, which was arrested when a chicken serum with neutralizing antibodies directed against cav was ... | 1991 | 1851873 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the genome of chicken anaemia agent. | the replicative form (rf) dna of chicken anaemia agent (caa) was isolated and cloned into bacterial plasmids. after religation of the cloned caa dna and transfection into mdcc-msb1 cells, the dna could induce c.p.e. characteristic of that caused by caa, and an antigen was produced which gave positive immunofluorescence when detected with an anti-caa serum. sanger sequencing of the 2298 bp genome revealed several open reading frames (orfs); the major orf encoded a polypeptide of 51.8k. in sds-pag ... | 1991 | 1908516 |
| comparison of three animal viruses with circular single-stranded dna genomes. | no common antigenic determinants and no dna sequence homologies were detected when three animal viruses, chicken anaemia agent (caa), porcine circovirus (pcv), and psittacine beak and feather disease virus (pbfdv), all of which possess circular single-stranded dna genomes, were compared. negative contrast electron microscopy showed that pcv and pbfdv particles were 30% smaller than caa particles and lacked the surface structure of caa. | 1991 | 2006901 |
| purification and biochemical characterization of chicken anaemia agent. | chicken anaemia agent (caa) was purified using differential centrifugation and successive cycles of equilibrium density gradient centrifugation using sucrose and cscl. the purification method was dependent on the use of an antigen-detecting elisa based on a caa-specific monoclonal antibody. virus particles banded at a density of 1.33 to 1.34 g/ml in cscl and measured 23.5 +/- 0.8 nm in diameter. purified preparations contained one major polypeptide (mr 50,000) and a single-stranded, circular dna ... | 1990 | 2109040 |
| transient depletion of cortical thymocytes induced by chicken anaemia agent. | chicken anaemia agent (caa) causes severe anaemia, loss of body weight, and hypoplasia of thymus at day 14 after inoculation of one-day-old chickens. several reports have described an enhancement of concurrent infections with f.e. marek's disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, and reovirus. immunohistochemical methods were used to describe the immunopathological lesions of the thymus that probably form the basis of the immunodeficiency caused by caa. monoclonal antibodies and antisera a ... | 1989 | 2560270 |
| morphological characterization of chicken anaemia agent (caa). | chicken anaemia agent (caa) was characterized as a virion with 25 nm in diameter, with a buoyant density in cscl of 1.36-1.37 g/cm3, and containing a circular, single-stranded dna genome. the virus is composed of 32 hollow morphological units representing a regular t = 3 icosahedron. | 1989 | 2610594 |
| unsatisfactory sensitivity and specificity of indirect immunofluorescence tests for the presence or absence of antibodies to chicken anaemia agent (caa) in sera of spf and broiler breeder chickens. | 1988 | 2973713 | |
| apoptin, a protein encoded by chicken anemia virus, induces cell death in various human hematologic malignant cells in vitro. | apoptin, a small protein encoded by chicken anemia virus (cav) was expressed in various human hematologic malignant cell lines derived from leukemias and lymphoma. three of these cell lines contain bcl-2 or bcr-abl proteins, known to block apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic compounds. by immunofluorescence and propidium-iodide staining apoptin was shown to induce apoptosis in all analysed cell lines. early after expression, apoptin exhibited a fine-granular distribution in the still intact nu ... | 1995 | 7475302 |
| immunogenic and protective properties of chicken anaemia virus proteins expressed by baculovirus. | the coding information for three putative chicken anaemia virus proteins (vp1, vp2, vp3) was inserted into a baculovirus vector and expressed in insect cells. the immunogenic properties of the chicken anaemia virus (cav) proteins produced separately or together in insect-cell cultures were analysed by inoculating them into chickens. only lysates of insect cells which have synthesised equivalent amounts of all three recombinant cav proteins or cells which synthesised mainly vp1 plus vp2 induced n ... | 1995 | 7483793 |
| influence of subclinical virus infections and other factors on broiler flock performance. | 1. the influence of subclinical infections with infectious bursal disease virus, adenoviruses, reo viruses and chicken anaemia virus and of various production variables on broiler flock performance was investigated. 2. a significant effect could not be demonstrated of any of the viral infections either alone or in combination. 3. the production results were profoundly influenced by several other factors, that is, breed, diet, stock density and contents of whole wheat grain in the food. 4. the in ... | 1995 | 7583376 |
| gene organization of chicken anemia virus. | the genomic dna of chicken anemia virus (cav) was cloned and sequenced from a japanese isolate caa82-2. the nucleotide sequence of caa82-2 isolate was 98% identical with that of the european cuxhaven-1 strain (noteborn et al., j. virol. 65, 3131-3139, 1991). nine open reading frames (orfs) consisting of more than 100 nucleotides were found, i.e., four orfs (ca1-ca4) on the plus strand and five orfs (ca1r-ca5r) on the minus strand. these orfs with the exception of ca4 are conserved between the tw ... | 1995 | 7778281 |
| immunosuppression and intracellular calcium signaling in splenocytes from chicks infected with chicken anemia virus, cl-1 isolate. | hematocrits, histopathology, concanavalin a-induced lymphocyte proliferation, intracellular calcium signaling, and lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed over a 6-week period in individual chicks inoculated with the cl-1 isolate of chicken anemia virus. lymphoid depletion/atrophy was present in the thymus and bone marrow by 11 days post-infection (pi). anemia was present at 14 days pi. the mean lymphocyte proliferation stimulation index (si) of the inoculated group was significantly lower than ... | 1995 | 7794172 |
| identification of the promoter region of chicken anemia virus (cav) containing a novel enhancer-like element. | the single promoter region in the cloned genome [noteborn et al., j. virol. 65 (1991) 3131-3139] of chicken anemia virus (cav) in chicken t-cells was analysed via cat assays. a unique region containing four or five near-perfect direct repeats (dr) of 21 bp with one 12-bp insert was proven to be the main transcription-activation element, with enhancer-like characteristics. pcr studies revealed that cav isolates from across the world all contained this promoter sequence. electrophoretic mobility-s ... | 1994 | 7821798 |
| apoptin, a protein derived from chicken anemia virus, induces p53-independent apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells. | previously, we have shown that the chicken anemia virus-derived vp3 ("apoptin") protein induces apoptosis in chicken mononuclear cells. here, we report that apoptin also induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells, regardless of whether they expressed wild-type, mutant p53, or no p53 at all. moreover, the nuclear location of apoptin appears to be important for its optimal induction of apoptosis. the fact that apoptin can induce p53-independent apoptosis in human tumor cells makes apoptin a pot ... | 1995 | 7834613 |
| some biological and physico-chemical properties of porcine circovirus. | some important biological and physico-chemical characteristics of porcine circovirus are reported. these include a study on the host distribution in nature, levels of colostrum-derived antibodies in piglets from sero-positive sows and the susceptibility of a range of cell cultures to infection with this virus. the results of haemagglutination studies, resistance to ph 3, chloroform and heat are also reported as are comparative buoyant densities and sedimentation coefficients of porcine circoviru ... | 1994 | 7941842 |
| transmission of chicken anaemia virus with semen. | 1993 | 8116161 | |
| characterization of surface markers present on cells infected by chicken anemia virus in experimentally infected chickens. | specific-pathogen-free chickens were infected with chicken anemia virus (cav) at 1 day of age and killed after 6 days. using a double-antibody staining procedure, spleen, thymus, and bone-marrow cells containing cav antigen were stained for presence of t-cell antigens and chicken major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class 1 and 2 antigens. the results demonstrated cav infection of precursor t-cells in the thymus and of mature t-lymphocytes in the spleen. a significant proportion of the cells i ... | 1993 | 8141753 |
| transcriptional analysis and genome expression of chicken anaemia virus. | strand-specific riboprobes representative of either strand of the chicken anaemia virus (cav) replicative form (rf) dna indicated that only one strand of the rf was transcribed to produce a major 2.0 kb transcript and that the encapsidated dna strand was of negative sense. primer extension analysis located a single transcriptional start site at nucleotide position 360 of the cav sequence. amplification, cloning and sequencing of the 3' end of the major transcript revealed the polyadenylation sit ... | 1994 | 8151304 |
| cloning and sequencing of the chicken anaemia virus (cav) orf-3 gene, and the development of an elisa for the detection of serum antibody to cav. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is a small, unclassified virus involved in anaemia and suspected of causing immunosuppression in young chickens. we have developed an elisa for the detection of serum antibody to cav based on cloned antigen. the gene for orf-3 (the putative capsid protein) was cloned, sequenced and expressed in a bacterial expression system, pgex. an orf-3 fusion protein was used to produce an indirect elisa. | 1994 | 8203122 |
| a single chicken anemia virus protein induces apoptosis. | chicken anemia virus (cav) causes cytopathogenic effects in chicken thymocytes and cultured transformed mononuclear cells via apoptosis. early after infection of chicken mononuclear cells, the cav-encoded protein vp3 exhibits a finely granular distribution within the nucleus. at a later stage after infection, vp3 forms aggregates. at this point, the cell becomes apoptotic and the cellular dna is fragmented and condensed. by immunogold electron microscopy vp3 was shown to be associated with apopt ... | 1994 | 8254747 |
| chicken anaemia virus influences the pathogenesis of marek's disease in experimental infections, depending on the dose of marek's disease virus. | eight groups of 1-day-old chickens were inoculated with 0, 250, 5000, or 100,000 white blood cells of chickens infected with marek's disease virus strain k (mdv-wbc). four of these groups were additionally infected with 10(5) tcid50 chicken anaemia virus (cav). at day 14 after inoculation, chickens infected with cav had reduced haematocrit levels, reduced body weights, and depletion of the thymic cortex and bone marrow. semi-quantitative immunohistochemical examination of nerves and visceral org ... | 1993 | 8266627 |
| inactivation of chicken anaemia virus in chickens by heating and fermentation. | the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses by the use of animal products in animal feed constitutes a potential risk to the health of livestock. to reduce the risk, it is necessary to understand the survival of viruses during the processing of animal products to feed-stuffs. since chicken anaemia virus (cav) is very resistant to inactivation, we used it as a model for the inactivation of pathogenic viruses during treatment of animal products. it is concluded that fermentation ... | 1993 | 8266628 |
| a long term observation of antibody status to chicken anaemia virus in individual chickens of breeder flocks. | the antibody status to chicken anaemia virus (cav) in four layer breeder flocks was evaluated. sera were periodically collected from the same 17 to 20 individual chickens of each flock ranging in age from 10 to 63 weeks old. the neutralising and fluorescence antibody were detectable in individual chickens during the observation periods ranging from 13 to 44 weeks. a high prevalence of both neutralising and fluorescence antibodies was observed; however, the prevalence of fluorescence antibody in ... | 1993 | 8337489 |
| a sequential histopathologic and immunocytochemical study of chicken anemia virus infection at one day of age. | detection systems for chicken anemia virus (cav) antigen in paraffin sections were evaluated. mouse monoclonal antibodies to cav used in conjunction with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex detection system gave best results. immunoreactivity of cav was markedly affected by fixation. fixation in neutral buffered formalin for 6 hours gave best results. use of decalcifying fluid containing formic acid eliminated immunoreactivity of cav, whereas use of an edta solution did not. in a sequential stud ... | 1993 | 8363498 |
| effects of chicken anemia virus on macrophage function in chickens. | one-day-old chicks were inoculated intramuscularly with chicken anemia virus (cav). four birds were killed at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 days postinoculation (pi), and macrophages were recovered from spleen and bone-marrow suspensions. these were tested for interleukin-1 (il-1) production, fc receptor expression, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity. macrophages recovered from uninoculated chickens at the same sample times, and exposed to cav in vitro, were also tested. il-1 production, fc recepto ... | 1993 | 8363501 |
| effects of chicken anemia virus on cell-mediated immune function in chickens exposed to the virus by a natural route. | three-week-old chicks were inoculated orally with cav and killed at various times postinoculation (pi). the spleens were removed, the cells were stimulated with concanavalin a, and lymphocyte transformation responses were determined. supernatants from these cultures were also assayed for t-cell growth factor (tcgf) and interferon. adherent macrophages from spleen or bone marrow were assayed for interleukin-1 production, fc receptor expression, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity. all cav-ino ... | 1993 | 8363502 |
| determination of the detection limit of the polymerase chain reaction for chicken infectious anemia virus. | chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) dna in infected cell cultures and chicken tissues was detected using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. the complete ciav genome of several strains was amplified in two segments with two sets of primer pairs. the dna segments of four ciav strains and full-length cux-1 strain dna were cloned. after amplification, 100 original genome equivalents were detected by southern hybridization. the sensitivity of the assay was enhanced considerably by performing ... | 1993 | 8363511 |
| depletion of cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocyte subpopulations by cia-1, a chicken infectious anemia virus. | the suppressive effect of chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) on t-lymphocyte subpopulation was evaluated in vivo by flow cytometry and dual immunostaining on frozen sections. between 14 and 21 days postinoculation (pi), the percentage of cd4-, cd8-, and ct1-positive (cd4+, cd8+, and ct1+) cells was significantly lower in chickens infected at 1 day of age with cia-1 strain of ciav than in controls. the mean percentage of cd4+ cells in the thymus was only 43%, whereas in the controls it was 77 ... | 1993 | 8363513 |
| abrogation of age-related resistance to chicken infectious anemia by embryonal bursectomy. | embryonally bursectomized (ebx) chickens developed signs and lesions typical of chicken infectious anemia (cia) when infected with cia-1 isolate of chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) at 21 or 38 days of age. in both cases, the chickens had low hematocrit values after the 14th day of inoculation, and the percentage of cd4+ and cd8+ cells in the thymus was markedly reduced at 21 days postinoculation. even though intact chickens became infected, they never developed low hematocrit values. the d ... | 1993 | 8452491 |
| in situ hybridization for the detection of chicken anemia virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. | the development of a biotinylated in situ hybridization procedure for the detection of chicken anemia virus (cav) is described. a double-stranded dna probe was prepared using polymerase chain reaction and was biotinylated by nick translation. hybridization conditions included the use of a microwave oven to denature target and probe nucleic acids and a five-step protocol for detection of biotinylated hybrids. in situ hybridization detected cav nucleic acid in thymus tissue from experimentally inf ... | 1993 | 8452493 |
| synergism between chicken anemia virus (cav) and avian reovirus following dual infection of 1-day-old chicks by a natural route. | one-day-old specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chicks were dually infected with the cux-1 isolate of chicken anemia virus (cav) and separate avian reovirus strains (s1133 or uchida) by an oral route. fourteen days after inoculation, chicks were bled, and packed cell volumes (pcvs) were determined. chicks were also weighted and examined for macroscopic changes to the bone marrow, thymus, and bursa of fabricius. the results obtained following dual inoculation of chicks with cav and reovirus were ... | 1995 | 8561738 |
| differential sensitivity to ad5 e1b-21kd and bcl-2 proteins of apoptin-induced versus p53-induced apoptosis. | apoptin, a small protein derived from chicken anemia virus (cav), induces apoptosis in human tumor cell lines regardless of whether these express p53 or not. we examined whether the small adenovirus 5 e1b protein of 21 kda (e1b-21kd), also called e1b-19kd) and bcl-2 could inhibit apoptin-induced apoptosis in human tumor cell lines and compared this with p53-induced apoptosis. e1b-21kd, but not bcl-2 was found to inhibit apoptin-induced apoptosis in the osteosarcoma cell lines u2os and saos-2. ho ... | 1995 | 8603467 |
| the use of microwave irradiation as a pretreatment to in situ hybridization for the detection of measles virus and chicken anaemia virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. | microwave irradiation was investigated as a pretreatment to in situ hybridization on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. two probe/tissue systems were used: a single-stranded rna probe for the detection of measles virus nucleocapsid genome in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis brain tissue, and a double stranded dna probe for chicken anaemia virus in thymus of chicken infected with the virus. microwaving, when used as sole pretreatment, was not as effective as the more traditional enzyme ... | 1996 | 8735282 |
| a serologic survey of antibody against chicken infectious anemia virus by indirect immunofluorescent assay in domestic poultry in china. | a serologic survey for antibody to chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) was carried out by indirect immunofluorescent assay. antibodies against ciav were found in 79 of 185 individual sera (42%) from broiler breeders and broilers, as well as layer breeders and layers from eight cities and provinces in china. | 1996 | 8790886 |
| serological survey on the prevalence of chicken anaemia virus infection in hungarian chicken flocks. | a serological survey on the prevalence of chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection was performed by using the indirect immunofluorescence (if) and the virus neutralization (vn) tests in commercial hungarian chicken populations. by the indirect if test, a total of 846 serum samples from 13 meat-type parent flocks of two breeds were investigated between 10 and 62 weeks of age. all flocks were found to be positive for anti-cav antibodies, and the rates of antibody-positive birds among flocks ranged fr ... | 1996 | 8810003 |
| cloning and sequencing of the genome of chicken anaemia virus (cav) tk-5803 strain and comparison with other cav strains. | the complete genomic sequence of chicken anaemia virus (cav) tk-5803 strain was determined. comparisons of sequence data showed 37 nucleotide differences between tk-5803 and cux-1, 38 nucleotide differences between tk-5803 and 26p4, and 48 nucleotide differences between tk-5803 and 82-2. there were 65 nucleotide differences in the largest open reading frame (orf3) between tk-5803 and one australian isolate. base changes introduced amino acid changes at 6 positions in the c-terminal half of vp3, ... | 1996 | 8844608 |
| investigation of the transfection capability of cloned tandemly-repeated chicken anaemia virus dna fragments. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is an icosahedral virus, 25 nm in diameter, which, on the basis of its circular single-stranded dna genome, has recently been classified in the family, circoviridae. we have investigated whether infectious, monomeric cav dna from recombinant plasmids containing tandemly-repeated cav replicative form (rf) dnas, following transfection, was generated by homologous recombination or a replicational release mechanism involving rolling circle replication (rcr) of dna. experi ... | 1996 | 8856031 |
| a hypervariable region in vp1 of chicken infectious anemia virus mediates rate of spread and cell tropism in tissue culture. | chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) is a unique infectious agent with an amino acid composition that has been found to be remarkably conserved even in isolates from different parts of the world. we have characterized field isolates of ciav which vary significantly in terms of their abilities to replicate in culture, demonstrating a biological difference between isolates. two sublines of mdcc-msb1 cells that differ in their abilities to support ciav were identified. in the msb1(s) subline the ... | 1996 | 8971016 |
| sequence of porcine circovirus dna: affinities with plant circoviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence (1759 nt) of the ssdna genome of porcine circovirus (pcv) was determined from a cloned dsdna replicative form isolated from pcv-infected cells. sequence analysis detected no significant nucleic acid or protein similarity with another animal circovirus, chicken anaemia virus (cav) but, surprisingly, the highest protein similarity was obtained between the product of the largest predicted pcv orf (orf1; encoding a potential protein of 35.7 kda) and a putative protei ... | 1997 | 9010307 |
| identification of a 24 kda protein expressed by chicken anaemia virus. | antisera raised against oriented peptide conjugates were used to identify and partially characterize a 24 kda protein product expressed by chicken anaemia virus (cav). the peptides derived from the n and c termini of the protein were shown to react against the native protein, expressed within virus-infected cells, by immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase and immunogold thin section electron microscopy techniques. the protein product was located by immunogold single labelling in intranuclear inclu ... | 1995 | 9049362 |
| increased virulence of marek's disease virus field isolates. | the continuation of an apparent evolutionary trend of marek's disease virus (mdv) towards greater virulence may explain recent increased losses from marek's disease (md) in vaccinated flocks. to address this question, the virulence of 31 isolates of serotype 1 mdv obtained from layer or broiler flocks between 1987 and 1995 were characterized. each isolate was cultured in duck embryo fibroblasts for four to six passages, and ascertained to be free from contamination with avian retroviruses, chick ... | 1997 | 9087332 |
| gordon memorial lecture. chicken anaemia virus--a glimpse of the future? | this paper uses background information about chicken anaemia virus as a guide to how the study and control of virus diseases of poultry may develop in the future. it is predicted that "new' viruses will be discovered in poultry, many of which will be difficult to grow in vitro and whose pathogenicity may appear uncertain. when new diseases/syndromes arise in the future, it should be a priority activity to define their pathology. the limitations of currently available virus diagnostic methods are ... | 1997 | 9088608 |
| apoptin induces apoptosis in human transformed and malignant cells but not in normal cells. | the chicken anemia virus protein apoptin induces a p53-independent, bcl-2-insensitive type of apoptosis in various human tumor cells. here, we show that, in vitro, apoptin fails to induce programmed cell death in normal lymphoid, dermal, epidermal, endothelial, and smooth-muscle cells. however, when normal cells are transformed they become susceptible to apoptosis by apoptin. long-term expression of apoptin in normal human fibroblasts revealed that apoptin has no toxic or transforming activity i ... | 1997 | 9159162 |
| in situ hybridization for detection of chicken anaemia virus in peripheral blood smears. | blood smears, obtained from chickens known to be infected with or free from chicken anaemia virus (cav), were tested to detect cav dna by in situ hybridization (ish). a double-stranded, 1485 base-pair (bp) dna probe was prepared employing polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the probe was labelled with digoxigenin or biotin by nick translation. in situ hybridization employing simple specimen preparation, using both digoxigenin- and biotin-labelled probes, provided a rapid and inexpensive method for ... | 1997 | 9160328 |
| isolation and identification of chicken infectious anemia virus in china. | a chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) isolate was obtained from broiler flocks aged 25-40 days with anemia and poor performance and was designated sr43. the ciav isolate was resistant to treatment with chloroform and induced thymus atrophy, bone marrow aplasia, and low hematocrit values when inoculated into 1-day-old, susceptible, specific-pathogen-free chicks. ciav-specific antigens could be demonstrated in sr43-infected mdcc-msb-1 cells, a cell line derived from a marek's disease lymphoma, ... | 1997 | 9201400 |
| viral diseases of the immune system and strategies to control infectious bursal disease by vaccination. | viral infections which are immunosuppressive can affect the economics of poultry production, often as a result of the chicken's increased susceptibility to secondary infections and sub-optimal response to vaccinations. the mechanism of this immunosuppression has been studied in detail for certain chicken viruses. the replicating virus can have both direct and indirect effects on the cells of the immune system. the special role of the bursa of fabricius, as a lympho-epithelial organ, will be ment ... | 1997 | 9276986 |
| investigation of the attenuation exhibited by a molecularly cloned chicken anemia virus isolate by utilizing a chimeric virus approach. | molecular cloning of the cux-1 isolate of chicken anemia virus (cav), which had been passaged 173 times in cell culture, resulted in the isolation of an attenuated strain, designated cloned isolate 10, which reverted to virulence following 10 passages in young chicks (d. todd, t. j. connor, v. m. calvert, j. l. creelan, b. m. meehan, and m. s. mcnulty, avian pathol. 24:171-187, 1995). the attenuated cloned isolate 10 differs from the molecularly cloned pathogenic cux-1 isolate in that it possess ... | 1997 | 9343191 |
| identification and partial characterization of arkansas isolates of chicken anemia virus. | chickens from both broiler and broiler breeder pullet flocks experiencing symptoms of chicken anemia virus (cav) infection were first observed at the poultry health research laboratory at the university of arkansas in september 1992. flocks had experienced higher than normal mortality with subcutaneous hemorrhages on the wings, neck, and thorax. postmortem and histopathologic evaluation revealed thymus and bursal atrophy and lesions consistent with those reported for cav infection. because this ... | 1997 | 9356707 |
| in situ hybridization on blood smears for diagnosis of chicken anemia virus in broiler breeder flocks. | chicken anemia virus (cav) infection was suspected in progeny from broiler breeder hens raised in a location that was geographically different from where most pullets were raised for one georgia production company. these breeder pullets were raised in new or relatively new houses. progeny from these pullets experienced a 10-fold increase in average daily mortality over progeny from flocks raised in established breeder houses. lesions in the broilers included severe necrotizing dermatitis, pale b ... | 1997 | 9454938 |
| development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant chicken anemia virus proteins expressed in a baculovirus vector system. | recombinant baculoviruses were constructed to express the putative proteins vp1, vp2 or vp3 of the chicken anemia virus (cav). the recombinant vp1, vp2 or vp3 were detected by sds-page, and their molecular weights were 50, 30/27 and 16 kda, respectively. the vp2 and vp3 reacted with sera from cav-infected chickens in western blot analysis and when used as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) antigen, but vp1 did not. antibodies to cav were detected, by elisa using crude insect cell lysat ... | 1998 | 9524940 |
| isolation of porcine circovirus-like viruses from pigs with a wasting disease in the usa and europe. | samples of lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, and lymph node from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome from california (usa) and samples of mesenteric lymph nodes from similarly diseased pigs from brittany (france) were examined by light microscopy, in situ hybridization (ish), and/or virus isolation. whole genomic probes for porcine circovirus (pcv) and chicken anemia virus (cav) were used for ish. tissue homogenate supernatants were inoculated onto pk/15 cells for virus iso ... | 1998 | 9526853 |
| recommended storage and resuscitation conditions for the mdcc-msb1 cell line. | storage and resuscitation of mdcc-msb1 cells, most commonly used for the propagation of chicken anemia virus was studied. cells were frozen slowly in rpmi medium 1640 with 10% or 20% fetal bovine serum and 20% dimethyl sulfoxide, held at -70 c overnight, and placed into liquid nitrogen the next day. after 1 mo, 91% to 100% resuscitation rates were obtained, while cells that were frozen fast (directly transferred into liquid nitrogen) could not be resuscitated. | 1998 | 9533095 |
| interaction of chicken anaemia virus and cryptosporidium baileyi in experimentally infected chickens. | the natural occurrence of concomitant chicken anaemia virus (cav) and cryptosporidium baileyi infection was described earlier. in this experiment, 1-day-old chickens were infected with cav alone (anaemia virus infected, ai) or followed by inoculation with 8 x 10(5) c. baileyi oocysts orally at 1 wk of age (anaemia virus and cryptosporidium infected, aci). another group of chickens received the same dose of c. baileyi oocysts without previous virus infection (cryptosporidium infected, ci), and tw ... | 1998 | 9653989 |
| apoptin specifically causes apoptosis in tumor cells and after uv-treatment in untransformed cells from cancer-prone individuals: a review. | tumor formation is caused by an imbalance between cell replication and apoptosis, which is a physiological form of cell death. for instance, uv damage can result in tumor formation due to mutations of the tumor-suppressor gene p53, a major apoptosis-inducing protein. over-expression of the proto-oncogene bcl-2, due to chromosomal translocation, can also inhibit apoptosis resulting in, e.g., lymphomas and leukemias. anti-tumor therapies are often based on induction of apoptosis mediated via p53 a ... | 1998 | 9685703 |
| detection of chicken anaemia virus dna from formalin-fixed tissues by polymerase chain reaction. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) dna was detectable from various samples such as cell-free virus, infected mdcc-msb1 cells, unfixed liver homogenates, formalin-fixed liver homogenate or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissues from experimental or field infected chicks using pcr assay. the detection limit of the first pcr assay was 1 infected cell or 10(-1.5) tcid50 of cell-free virus (strain a2). the nested pcr assay increased the sensitivity 10- or 100-fold. cav dna was detectable in the oth ... | 1998 | 9690604 |
| chicken anemia virus. | chicken anemia virus is commonly found in commercially produced chickens and has a worldwide distribution. it is difficult to inactivate thermally or with common disinfectants, which limits the utility of normal sanitization practices. the virus is important because of the disease it produces following transovarian transmission and because of its potential for inducing immunosuppression alone or in combination with other infectious agents. control measures are directed at limiting vertical trans ... | 1998 | 9706088 |
| poultry industry strategies for control of immunosuppressive diseases. | immunosuppression has historically cost the poultry industry in increased mortality and in performance factors during rearing. in addition, immunosuppression has had a negative impact on the ability of the poultry industry to process chickens due to associated health problems. industry strategies for controlling immunosuppression are not consistent between broiler companies. the broiler industry is refining their strategies for controlling immunosuppression based on research and field observatio ... | 1998 | 9706089 |
| study of leg weakness in two commercial broiler flocks. | the major causes of leg weakness/lameness were investigated in two male commercial broiler flocks. the numbers of dead and lame birds culled from the flocks each day were recorded by the flock managers. forty-four lame birds and 22 sound birds were examined postmortem during a period of six weeks and the proximal and distal end of each femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus were examined histologically. attempts were made to isolate bacteria and viruses from the proximal end of each femur. blood ... | 1998 | 9725184 |
| beak and feather disease virus and porcine circovirus genomes: intermediates between the geminiviruses and plant circoviruses. | circoviruses are a diverse group of animal and plant pathogens with undefined relationships to one another but for their non-geminate, non-enveloped capsids and circular, single-stranded dna genomes. the sequences of the beak and feather disease virus and porcine circovirus genomic dnas are presented and analyzed in the context of the other members of the family. sequence comparisons, inferred phylogenies, and geographic occurrence suggest that the ambisense circoviruses, particularly the beak a ... | 1998 | 9787657 |
| psittacine beak and feather disease virus nucleotide sequence analysis and its relationship to porcine circovirus, plant circoviruses, and chicken anaemia virus. | cloning and sequencing of the circular, single-stranded dna of one isolate of psittacine beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) demonstrate a genome composed of a circular molecule of 1993 nucleotide bases. an analysis of the assembled replicative form demonstrated seven open reading frames (orfs) (three in the virion strand and four in the complementary strand), potentially encoding seven viral proteins of >8.7 kda. high amino acid sequence similarity was demonstrated between a potential 33.3-kd ... | 1998 | 9791035 |
| chicken anemia virus strains with a mutated enhancer/promoter region share reduced virus spread and cytopathogenicity. | plasmid pcav/e contains an infectious cloned double-stranded cav (chicken anemia virus) dna genome (noteborn et al., j. virol. 65 (1991) 3131-3139). we have constructed mutated cav genomes by introducing mutations into the cav promoter/enhancer region of pcav/e. various mutated cav strains were functional and had a smaller cytopathogenic effect in chicken t cells than wild-type cav. in particular, mutations within the '12-bp insert' of the promoter/enhancer region had this effect. pcr and sequen ... | 1998 | 9858721 |
| simultaneous expression of recombinant baculovirus-encoded chicken anaemia virus (cav) proteins vp1 and vp2 is required for formation of the cav-specific neutralizing epitope. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) expresses three proteins, vp1, vp2 and vp3, but its capsid contains only the vp1 protein. in this paper, we report that for production of the neutralizing epitope, co-synthesis of (recombinant) vp1 and vp2 has to take place. we show via immunofluorescence that recombinant-baculovirus-infected sf9 cells synthesizing vp1 (or vp2) alone react very poorly with cav-specific neutralizing antibodies. in contrast, sf9 cells co-infected with vp1- and vp2-recombinant baculoviru ... | 1998 | 9880024 |
| the role of various agents in chicken amyloid arthropathy. | the results of an inventory of field cases of amyloid arthropathy in chickens and of routine post-mortem recordings over a two years period are described. studies were also performed to evaluate the amyloidogenic potential of arthrotropic bacterial species (staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis) isolated from chickens as well as several enterococcus faecalis isolates compared to the amyloidogenic e. faecalis isolate (previously isolated from amyloidotic joints). as c ... | 1998 | 10036585 |
| identification of a novel gc-rich 113-nucleotide region to complete the circular, single-stranded dna genome of tt virus, the first human circovirus. | the sequence data (h. okamoto et al., hepatol. res. 10:1-16, 1998) of a newly discovered single-stranded dna virus, tt virus (ttv), showed that it did not have the terminal structure typical of a parvovirus. elucidation of the complete genome structure was necessary to understand the nature of ttv. we obtained a 1.0-kb amplified product from serum samples of four ttv carriers by an inverted, nested long pcr targeted for nucleotides (nt) 3025 to 3739 and 1 to 216 of ttv. the sequence of a clone o ... | 1999 | 10196248 |
| the viral protein apoptin induces apoptosis in uv-c-irradiated cells from individuals with various hereditary cancer-prone syndromes. | apoptin, a protein derived from chicken anemia virus, has previously been shown to induce apoptosis in a p53-independent and bcl-2-stimulated manner in transformed and tumorigenic human cells but not in normal diploid human cells, suggesting that it is a potential agent for tumor therapy. here we report that apoptin can induce apoptosis in uv-c-irradiated diploid skin fibroblasts from individuals with various hereditary cancer-prone syndromes that are characterized by a germ-line mutation in a t ... | 1999 | 10383168 |
| experimental inoculation of avian polyomavirus in chemically and virally immunosuppressed chickens. | the purpose of this series of experiments was to determine the effect of various types of immunosuppressive treatments (cyclophosphamide, infectious bursal disease virus [ibdv], chicken anemia virus [cav], and combination infection with ibdv and cav) on susceptibility of chickens to challenge with avian polyomavirus. in the first experiment, chickens were chemically bursectomized with intraperitoneal injections of cyclophosphamide; in the second study, chickens were orally inoculated with ibdv; ... | 1999 | 10494416 |
| specific tumor-cell killing with adenovirus vectors containing the apoptin gene. | specificity is an essential prerequisite for cancer gene therapy. recently we described that apoptin, a protein of 121 amino acids which is derived from the chicken anemia virus, induces programmed cell death or apoptosis in transformed and malignant cells, but not in normal, diploid cells (danen-van oorschot aaam et al, proc natl acad sci usa 1997; 94: 5843-5847). this protein has an intrinsic specificity that allows it to selectively kill tumor cells, irrespective of the p53 or bcl-2 status of ... | 1999 | 10505114 |
| antigenicity and pathogenicity characteristics of molecularly cloned chicken anaemia virus isolates obtained after multiple cell culture passages. | the cux-1 isolate of chicken anaemia virus (cav), which had received 310 (p310) cell culture passages, was substantially less pathogenic than virus that had been passaged 13 times (p13). molecularly cloned virus isolates, selected from the p310 and p13 virus populations using recombinant dna cloning and transfection procedures, reacted differently with 4 cav-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs), which had been raised to low-passage cux-1 virus. in contrast to the strong immunofluorescence (if) ... | 1999 | 10550669 |
| prevalence of antibody to chicken anaemia virus (cav) in swedish chicken breeding flocks correlated to outbreaks of blue wing disease (bwd) in their progeny. | a serological survey for antibody to chicken anaemia virus (cav) was performed on broiler breeders as well as layer breeding birds in sweden at the end of their rearing period. grandparents (gp) of both types leaving quarantine were in 21 out of 26 cases free from antibody to cav, but often became infected soon thereafter. a total of 10 outbreaks of blue wing disease (bwd) in 3 series were recorded in the broiler and layer parent generation, all of which were progeny of 3 late seroconverting gp- ... | 1999 | 10605126 |
| persistent infection with chicken anaemia virus and some effects of highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus infection on its persistency. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) infectivity and the effect of highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus (hv ibdv) infection on cav's infectivity were examined in chickens inoculated with cav or inoculated dually with cav and hv ibdv. five chickens inoculated dually with hv ibdv at 35 days old and then with cav at 40 days old exhibited no clinical signs of disease, but showed atrophic bursae of fabricius when necropsied 4 weeks later. upon examining the chickens at 7 days postinoculation (dpi) ... | 1999 | 10607503 |
| comparison of two serotype 1 mdv isolates. | we compared the rb1b and t. king (tk) serotype 1 isolates of marek's disease virus (mdv) in vivo. body and organ weights, mortality, and lesions indicated that the tk inoculum established early infection more efficiently than rb1b and did greater damage to the bursa of fabricius and thymus. subsequent studies showed that the tk inoculum that we used contained chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav). therefore, pathogenicity profiles shown here should be interpreted with the presence of ciav conta ... | 1999 | 10696428 |
| immunocytochemical techniques to investigate the pathogenesis of infectious micro-organisms and the concurrent immune response of the host. | for poultry as well as for mammalian species used for scientific research, many immunocytochemical techniques have been developed to investigate in detail the interaction between infectious micro-organisms and the nonspecific and specific immune systems of the host. in this review three techniques have been described with all technical details necessary to perform them correctly: (1) single immunocytochemical staining to detect the infectious micro-organisms in situ at their site of infection, ( ... | 2000 | 10717284 |
| immunopathogenesis of chicken anemia virus infection. | the immunopathogenesis of chicken anemia virus (cav) infection is reviewed. the virus causes a disease in young chicks which is characterised by generalised lymphoid atrophy, increased mortality and severe anemia. the virus appears to target erythroid and lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and thymus respectively. the b cells in the chicken are not susceptible to cav infection and are not directly affected by the virus. destruction of erythroid progenitors in bone marrow results in sev ... | 2000 | 10717291 |
| chicken anemia virus and fowl adenoviruses: association to induce the inclusion body hepatitis/ hydropericardium syndrome. | the effects of a simultaneous and/or a subsequent coinfection with chicken anemia virus (cav) isolate 10343 and fowl adenovirus (fav) isolate 341 in specific-pathogen-free light chickens were evaluated. the simultaneous coinfection was conducted by the intramuscular route, whereas the subsequent coinfection trial considered favs administered orally. in trial 1, 20-day-old chickens simultaneously coinfected with cav (10343) and fav (341) intramuscularly (i.m.) showed 55% mortality and characteris ... | 2000 | 10737644 |
| comparative susceptibility of marek's disease cell lines to chicken infectious anemia virus. | chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) is known to infect and replicate in various marek's disease chicken cell lines (mdccs) derived from marek's disease (md) tumors. one line, mdcc-msb1, has been the substrate used in most studies. we compared a total of 26 mdccs, including two sublines of mdcc-msb1, msb1 (l) and msb1 (s), four other md tumor-derived lines, and 20 lines derived from md virus-induced local lesions, for susceptibility to the cux-1 and cia-1 strains of ciav. the cell lines repres ... | 2000 | 10737651 |
| identification of a new human dna virus (ttv-like mini virus, tlmv) intermediately related to tt virus and chicken anemia virus. | tt virus (ttv) is the only known human virus with single-stranded circular dna, with a possible but yet unclear relationship to chicken anemia virus (cav) of the family circoviridae. here we report a new human virus resembling ttv and cav, designated ttv-like mini virus (tlmv). this non-enveloped virus was smaller (< 30 nm) but had a similar density (1.31-1.34 g/ml in cscl) to ttv, when a tlmv/ttv-coinfected plasma was analyzed. full-length sequencing revealed that the tlmv genome was a circular ... | 2000 | 10881684 |
| the chicken anemia virus-derived protein apoptin requires activation of caspases for induction of apoptosis in human tumor cells. | the chicken anemia virus protein apoptin has been shown to induce apoptosis in a large number of transformed and tumor cell lines, but not in primary cells. whereas many other apoptotic stimuli (e.g., many chemotherapeutic agents and radiation) require functional p53 and are inhibited by bcl-2, apoptin acts independently of p53, and its activity is enhanced by bcl-2. here we study the involvement of caspases, an important component of the apoptotic machinery present in mammalian cells. using a s ... | 2000 | 10888647 |
| development of a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serological diagnosis of chicken anaemia virus. | the development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of serum antibody to chicken anaemia virus (cav) are described. this test depends on the abilities of cav-specific antibodies present in convalescent chicken serum to block the reaction between virus antigen, adsorbed to the elisa plate. and a cav-specific mouse monoclonal antibody (mab), 2a9, that has been conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. the 2a9 mab has been shown to react with 10 geographical ... | 1999 | 10894634 |
| distribution of chicken anaemia virus in the reproductive tissues of specific-pathogen-free chickens. | the specific-pathogen-free (spf) flocks of chickens maintained by the department of microbiology and immunology at cornell university became infected, inadvertently, with chicken anaemia virus (cav), as demonstrated by seroconversion. chickens from five flocks representing three different strains were examined for the presence of cav using nested pcr. virus was detected in ovaries, infundibula, vas deferentia, testes and spleens. ovaries were positive in 38 to 72% of the hens in four flocks with ... | 2000 | 10900046 |
| open reading frame 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid protein. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), a single-stranded dna virus associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome of swine, has two potential open reading frames, orf1 and orf2, greater than 600 nucleotides in length. orf1 is predicted to encode a replication-associated protein (rep) essential for replication of viral dna, while orf2 contains a conserved basic amino acid sequence at the n terminus resembling that of the major structural protein of chicken anaemia virus. thus far, the structur ... | 2000 | 10950986 |
| full or near full length nucleotide sequences of tt virus variants (types sanban and yonban) and the tt virus-like mini virus. | tt virus (ttv) is a common virus and consists of many genotypes and variants. in addition, there exists a virus which both differs greatly from and retains a considerable resemblance to ttv, such as the ttv-like mini virus (tlmv) as we reported previously. here we report the near full length genomic sequences of 4 isolates of a new variant of ttv (designated yonban) along with the full length sequences of 2 isolates of the ttv-sanban lineage and 7 isolates of the tlmv species derived from human ... | 2000 | 10971131 |
| humoral immune responses to chicken infectious anemia virus in three strains of chickens in a closed flock. | this is a comparative study on seroconversion to chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) in a closed flock of specific-pathogen-free chickens undergoing a natural outbreak and after vaccination of some of these flocks with a commercial, live vaccine. the n2a strain (b21b21 haplotype) had the highest seroconversion after natural infection (94%) or vaccination (100%), followed by the p2a strain (b19b19) at 75%-82% seroconversion after natural infection and 85% seroconversion after vaccination. the ... | 2000 | 11007016 |
| full-length infectious clone of a pathogenic australian isolate of chicken anaemia virus. | 2000 | 11022294 | |
| constitutive and growth factor-regulated phosphorylation of caveolin-1 occurs at the same site (tyr-14) in vivo: identification of a c-src/cav-1/grb7 signaling cassette. | caveolin-1 was first identified as a phosphoprotein in rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. tyrosine 14 is now thought to be the principal site for recognition by c-src kinase; however, little is known about this phosphorylation event. here, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mab) probe that recognizes only tyrosine 14-phosphorylated caveolin-1. using this approach, we show that caveolin-1 (y14) is a specific tyrosine kinase substrate that is constitutively phosphory ... | 2000 | 11075810 |
| molecular properties, biology, and clinical implications of tt virus, a recently identified widespread infectious agent of humans. | tt virus (ttv) was first described in 1997 by representational difference analysis of sera from non-a to non-g posttransfusion hepatitis patients and hence intensively investigated as a possible addition to the list of hepatitis-inducing viruses. the ttv genome is a covalently closed single-stranded dna of approximately 3.8 kb with a number of characteristics typical of animal circoviruses, especially the chicken anemia virus. ttv is genetically highly heterogeneous, which has led investigators ... | 2001 | 11148004 |
| genetic analysis of full-length genomes and subgenomic sequences of tt virus-like mini virus human isolates. | the phylogenetic relationship between the complete genomic sequences of ten japanese and one french isolate of tt virus-like mini virus (tlmv) was investigated. analysis of the variability of the nucleotide sequences and the detection of signature patterns for overlapping genes suggested that orfs 1 and 2 are probably functional. however, this was not the case for a putative third orf, orf3. throughout the viral genome, several nucleotide or amino acid motifs that are conserved in circoviruses s ... | 2001 | 11161277 |