Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| fecal-free toxin detection remains the best way to detect clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26092488 | |
| faecal microbiota transplantation plus selected use of vancomycin for severe-complicated clostridium difficile infection: description of a protocol with high success rate. | severe and severe/complicated clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can result in icu admission, sepsis, toxic megacolon and death. in this setting, colectomy is the standard of care but it is associated with a 50% mortality. | 2015 | 26096320 |
| diarrhea in solid organ transplant recipients. | diarrhea is a common complaint in the solid organ transplant recipient. unlike the immune-competent patient, diarrhea in an organ transplant recipient may result in dehydration, increased toxicity of medications, and rejection. there is a wide range of causes for diarrhea in transplant recipients, but the most common causes are clostridium difficile infection, cytomegalovirus, and norovirus. this review will focus on new epidemiology data as to the cause of diarrhea in the transplant population. | 2015 | 26098506 |
| [diagnosis of infections caused by clostridium difficile in the czech republic: availability, possibilities, and interpretation of laboratory results]. | to assess the availability of the laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by c. difficile in the czech republic (cr), including the range of tests used, possible combinations, and adequate interpretation of model results. | 2015 | 26099613 |
| outcomes and risk factors associated with clostridium difficile diarrhea in hospitalized adult patients. | background. the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection has changed over time. therefore, it is essential to monitor the characteristics of patients at risk of infection and factors associated with poor prognosis. objective. to evaluate factors associated with c. difficile infection and with poor prognosis in those with documented c. difficile colitis. methods. a retrospective case-control study of 75 patients with documented c. difficile colitis and 75 controls with hospital-acquired di ... | 2015 | 26101522 |
| inference of network dynamics and metabolic interactions in the gut microbiome. | we present a novel methodology to construct a boolean dynamic model from time series metagenomic information and integrate this modeling with genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions to identify metabolic underpinnings for microbial interactions. we apply this in the context of a critical health issue: clindamycin antibiotic treatment and opportunistic clostridium difficile infection. our model recapitulates known dynamics of clindamycin antibiotic treatment and c. difficile infection and ... | 2015 | 26102287 |
| antibiotic prescribing and associated diarrhoea: a prospective cohort study of care home residents. | the risk factors for and frequency of antibiotic prescription and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) among care home residents are unknown. | 2015 | 26104506 |
| risk factors, clinical characteristics, and treatment differences between residents with and without nursing home- and non-nursing home-acquired clostridium difficile infection. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in nursing home residents is believed to be high because of the prevalence of predisposing factors such as decreased immune response, multiple comorbidities, medications, increased risk of infection, close proximity of residents, and recent hospitalization. yet, specific information on cdi in this population is scarce. | 2015 | 26108383 |
| longitudinal trends in all healthcare-associated infections through comprehensive hospital-wide surveillance and infection control measures over the past 12 years: substantial burden of healthcare-associated infections outside of intensive care units and "other" types of infection. | targeted surveillance has focused on device-associated infections and surgical site infections (ssis) and is often limited to healthcare-associated infections (hais) in high-risk areas. longitudinal trends in all hais, including other types of hais, and hais outside of intensive care units (icus) remain unclear. we examined the incidences of all hais using comprehensive hospital-wide surveillance over a 12-year period (2001-2012). | 2015 | 26108686 |
| candidemia, and infections by clostridium difficile and carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae: new enteropathogenetic opportunistic syndromes? | in this paper we analyze three enteropathogenetic opportunistic infections represented by candida spp., c. difficile and carbapenemase-producing k. pneumoniae. the common pathogenetic pathway is based on an alteration of the intestinal flora, now mainly referred as the human microbiome, with secondary opportunism for infections caused by candida, c. difficile and carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae ("ccc"). we highlight the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical syndromes associated with th ... | 2015 | 26110290 |
| predictors of monomicrobial necrotizing soft tissue infections. | broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is critical in the management of necrotizing soft tissue infections (nsti) in the emergency setting. clindamycin often is included empirically to cover monomicrobial gram-positive pathogens but probably is of little value for polymicrobial infections and is associated with significant side effects, including the induction of clostridium difficile colitis. however, there have been no studies predicting monomicrobial infections prior to obtaining cultures. the pur ... | 2015 | 26110633 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26111124 | |
| fidaxomicin--the new drug for clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is one of the many aetiological agents of antibiotic associated diarrhoea and is implicated in 15-25 per cent of the cases. the organism is also involved in the exacearbation of inflammatory bowel disease and extracolonic manifestations. due to increase in the incidence of c. difficile infection (cdi), emergence of hypervirulent strains, and increased frequency of recurrence, the clinical management of the disease has become important. the management of cdi is based on dise ... | 2015 | 26112840 |
| controversies around epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection is a major public health problem. however, in recent years the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of c. difficile infection have undergone a significant change. the incidence of c. difficile has increased, not only in the healthcare sector but also in the community. hospital-acquired infection and community-acquired disease have different risk factors, with the latter occurring in children and younger individuals without a history of antibiotic u ... | 2015 | 26113167 |
| a national survey of the molecular epidemiology of clostridium difficile in israel: the dissemination of the ribotype 027 strain with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and metronidazole. | our goals were to study the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of c. difficile strains in israel. microbiology laboratories serving 6 general hospitals (gh) and 10 long-term care facilities (ltcf) were asked to submit all stool samples in january-february 2014 that tested positive for c. difficile. toxigenic c. difficile isolates were recovered in 208 out of 217 samples (95.8%), of which 50 (23.6%) were from ltcfs. ribotype 027 was the most common type overall, identified ... | 2015 | 26116225 |
| laboratory and clinical features of eia toxin-positive and eia toxin-negative community-acquired clostridium difficile infection. | studies have described the clinical course of patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) with positive enzyme immunoassay (eia) for toxins a and b. limited information is available for the patients with negative eia but positive for the toxin b gene (tcdb) by the pcr. the aim of our study is to determine if there are any differences that exist among the clinical and laboratory parameters in the patients tested to be positive by eia for toxin and those who were negative. this is a retros ... | 2015 | 26116599 |
| application of the atlas score for evaluating the severity of clostridium difficile infection in teaching hospitals in mexico. | for clinicians, a practical bedside tool for severity assessment and prognosis of patients with clostridium difficile infection is a highly desirable unmet medical need. | 2015 | 26117213 |
| postoperative diarrhea and high ostomy output impact postoperative outcomes after elective colon and rectal operations regardless of clostridium difficile infection. | we aimed to review and compare outcomes of patients with and without clostridium difficile infection (cdi) after elective colorectal operations. | 2015 | 26117432 |
| metronidazole-triazole conjugates: activity against clostridium difficile and parasites. | metronidazole has been used clinically for over 50 years as an antiparasitic and broad-spectrum antibacterial agent effective against anaerobic bacteria. however resistance to metronidazole in parasites and bacteria has been reported, and improved second-generation metronidazole analogues are needed. the copper catalysed huigsen azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition offers a way to efficiently assemble new libraries of metronidazole analogues. several new metronidazole-triazole conjugates (mtz- ... | 2015 | 26117821 |
| clostridium difficile relapse secondary to medication access issue. | 2015 | 26119615 | |
| role of binary toxin in the outcome of clostridium difficile infection in a non-027 ribotype setting. | binary toxin (bt) has been associated with strains causing more severe clostridium difficile infection (cdi), such as ribotype 027. data on the outcome of patients having bt present in ribotypes other than 027 are scarce. our objective was to investigate the association between bt isolates and outcome of cdi in a non-027 ribotype setting. we prospectively included cdi episodes (january-june 2013 and march-june 2014) from symptomatic patients aged >2 years. epidemiological and clinical data were ... | 2016 | 26119775 |
| variability in antibiotic use across nursing homes and the risk of antibiotic-related adverse outcomes for individual residents. | antibiotics are frequently and often inappropriately prescribed to patients in nursing homes. these antibiotics pose direct risks to recipients and indirect risks to others residing in the home. | 2015 | 26121537 |
| economic burden of clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea: a cost-of-illness study from a german tertiary care hospital. | clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (cdad) is the most common cause of health-care-associated infectious diarrhoea. in the context of the german health-care system, direct and indirect costs of an initial episode of cdad and of cdad recurrence are currently unknown. | 2015 | 26123227 |
| long-term follow-up study of fecal microbiota transplantation for severe and/or complicated clostridium difficile infection: a multicenter experience. | our aim was to investigate fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) efficacy in patients with severe and/or complicated clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2017 | 26125460 |
| how do clostridium difficile infections affect nurses' everyday hospital work: a qualitative study. | this qualitative study explored the impact of clostridium difficile infections on nurses' everyday work in the hospital. twelve nurses (six in france and six in the united states) were interviewed in depth using a semi-structured interview guide. thematic analysis of the interviews was performed. managing diarrhoea and taking precautionary measures for infection control were the two most inconvenient aspects nurses reported with c. difficile patient management. precautions included contact isola ... | 2015 | 26125573 |
| total synthesis of the glycosylated macrolide antibiotic fidaxomicin. | the first enantioselective total synthesis of fidaxomicin, also known as tiacumicin b or lipiarmycin a3, is reported. this novel glycosylated macrolide antibiotic is used in the clinic for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections. key features of the synthesis involve a rapid and high-yielding access to the noviose, rhamnose, and orsellinic acid precursors; the first example of a β-selective noviosylation; an effective suzuki coupling of highly functionalized substrates; and a ring-clos ... | 2015 | 26125969 |
| impact of clostridium difficile infection among pneumonia and urinary tract infection hospitalizations: an analysis of the nationwide inpatient sample. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) remains one of the major hospital acquired infections in the nation, often attributable to increased antibiotic use. little research, however, exists on the prevalence and impact of cdi on patient and hospital outcomes among populations requiring such treatment. as such, the goal of this study was to examine the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of cdi among pneumonia and urinary tract infection (uti) hospitalizations. | 2015 | 26126606 |
| isolation and identification of clostridium difficile using chromid c. difficile medium combined with gram staining and pro disc testing: a proposal for a simple culture process. | chromid c. difficile agar (cdif; biomérieux, france), a chromogenic medium, allows for the isolation and identification of clostridium difficile strains within 24 hr regardless of pretreatment of stool specimens with heat or alcohol shock. in the present study, we designed and evaluated a simple procedure for the implementation c. difficile cultures using cdif medium in a tertiary hospital setting. | 2015 | 26131411 |
| strategies for appropriate antibiotic use in intensive care unit. | the comsumption of antibiotics is high, mainly in intensive care units. unfortunately, most are inappropriately used leading to increased multi-resistant bacteria. it is well known that initial empirical therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics reduce mortality rates. however the prolonged and irrational use of antimicrobials may also increase the risk of toxicity, drug interactions and diarrhea due to clostridium difficile. some strategies to rational use of antimicrobial agents include avoiding ... | 2017 | 26132360 |
| risk factors for in-hospital mortality among a cohort of children with clostridium difficile infection. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has increased and has been associated with poor outcomes among hospitalized children, including increased risk of death. the purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for all-cause in-hospital mortality among children with cdi. | 2015 | 26135055 |
| fatal case of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in an adult due to a rare serogroup o91 entero hemorrhagic escherichia coli associated with a clostridium difficile infection. more than meets the eye. | hemolytic-uremic syndrome due to enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, belonging to serogroup o91 has rarely been described. we report here a case of post-diarrheal hus due to ehec o91 in an elderly patient for whom diagnosis was delayed given a previously diagnosed c. difficile infection. this case highlights the usefulness of shiga-toxin detection. | 2015 | 26135847 |
| therapeutic targeting of bile acids. | the first objectives of this article are to review the structure, chemistry, and physiology of bile acids and the types of bile acid malabsorption observed in clinical practice. the second major theme addresses the classical or known properties of bile acids, such as the role of bile acid sequestration in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; the use of ursodeoxycholic acid in therapeutics, from traditional oriental medicine to being, until recently, the drug of choice in cholestatic liver diseases; ... | 2015 | 26138466 |
| initial experience with fecal microbiota transplantation in clostridium difficile infection - transplant protocol and preliminary results. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) constitutes an important cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. recurrence after first-line treatment with antibiotics is high and fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) may be effective for refractory and recurrent cdi. this series aims to describe the efficacy of fmt in the treatment of refractory and recurrent cdi. | 2015 | 26140631 |
| fecal microbiota transplant: treatment options for clostridium difficile infection in the intensive care unit. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has steadily increased in incidence since the 1990s, with an associated increase in recurrence and severity, which has in turn lead to more intensive care unit (icu) admissions. the development of recurrent cdi, in particular, has been associated with increasing patient morbidity and mortality as well as an immense financial burden on the health care system. recently, fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has received much publicity as an effective means of ... | 2016 | 26141116 |
| community-acquired clostridium difficile infection in children: a retrospective study. | community acquired-clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has increased also in children in the last years. | 2015 | 26141927 |
| a prospective study of community-associated clostridium difficile infection in kuwait: epidemiology and ribotypes. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasingly recognized as a significant community acquired pathogen that causes disease in the community. the aim of the study was to investigate prospectively the incidence of community-acquired-cdi (ca-cdi) in kuwait. of the 2584 patients with diarrhea, 16 (0.62%) were confirmed cases of ca-cdi. the other notable pathogens were salmonella spp. (0.39%) and campylobacter spp. (0.23%). the mean age was 39 years and the cdi was mild. exposure to antibiotic ... | 2015 | 26144314 |
| the yield of stool testing in hospital-onset diarrhea: has evidence changed practice? | aside from examination for clostridium difficile, the yield of stool testing in hospital-onset diarrhea is poor. clinical practice guidelines discourage overzealous stool testing in patients with diarrhea that develops after the third hospital day. however, the adoption of this recommendation into clinical practice is limited. furthermore, the effect of microbiology laboratory improvements on hospital-onset diarrhea testing is largely unknown. | 2015 | 26145180 |
| chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are risk factors for poor outcomes of clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the clinical outcomes of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in patients with chronic kidney diseases (ckd) and end-stage renal disease (esrd). | 2015 | 26147121 |
| ferric uptake regulator fur control of putative iron acquisition systems in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming opportunistic pathogen and is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea. although iron acquisition in the host is a key to survival of bacterial pathogens, high levels of intracellular iron can increase oxidative damage. therefore, expression of iron acquisition mechanisms is tightly controlled by transcriptional regulators. we identified a c. difficile homologue of the master bacterial iron regulator fur. u ... | 2015 | 26148711 |
| effective sequestration of clostridium difficile protein toxins by calcium aluminosilicate. | clostridium difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and the etiologic agent responsible for c. difficile infection. toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb) are nearly indispensable virulence factors for clostridium difficile pathogenesis. given the toxin-centric mechanism by which c. difficile pathogenesis occurs, the selective sequestration with neutralization of tcda and tcdb by nonantibiotic agents represents a novel mode of action to prevent or treat c. difficile-associated ... | 2015 | 26149988 |
| a cfr-like gene from clostridium difficile confers multiple antibiotic resistance by the same mechanism as the cfr gene. | the cfr rna methyltransferase causes multiple resistances to peptidyl transferase inhibitors by methylation of a2503 23s rrna. many cfr-like gene sequences in the databases code for unknown functions. this study confirms that a cfr-like protein from a peptoclostridium difficile (formerly clostridium difficile) strain does function as a cfr protein. the enzyme is expressed in escherichia coli and shows elevated mics for five classes of antibiotics. a primer extension stop indicates a modification ... | 2015 | 26149991 |
| impact of prophylactic levofloxacin on rates of bloodstream infection and fever in neutropenic patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | few studies have evaluated the role of antibacterial prophylaxis during neutropenia in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). at our center, levofloxacin prophylaxis was initiated in june 2006 in patients with myeloma who were undergoing autologous hsct. we compared the incidence of bloodstream infection (bsi) and fever and neutropenia (fn) within 30 days of transplantation before (january 2003 to may 2006) and after (june 2006 to apr ... | 2015 | 26150022 |
| clostridium difficile infection after ileostomy closure mimicking anastomotic leak. | clostridium difficile infection is linked to antibiotic exposure, with elderly and immunocompromised hospitalised patients being particularly at risk. the symptoms range from mild diarrhoea to life-threatening fulminant colitis. we describe an unusual presentation of c. difficile infection after closure of ileostomy in a healthy 60-year-old man with a history of low anterior resection and defunctioning ileostomy for rectal tumour. on the third day postoperatively, the patient developed left lowe ... | 2015 | 26150639 |
| evaluation of incidence and risk factors for high-dose methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity. | high-dose methotrexate (doses ≥1 g/m(2)) is a key component of several chemotherapy regimens used to treat patients with leukemia or lymphoma. despite appropriate precautions with hydration, urine alkalinization, and leucovorin, nephrotoxicity remains a risk which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. current reports of risk factors for nephrotoxicity focus on patients with nephrotoxicity with a lack of comparison to those without toxicity. this study aimed to describe the incidence o ... | 2016 | 26152702 |
| ipilimumab-associated colitis or refractory clostridium difficile infection? | we present a case of a patient with a diagnostic dilemma who was referred for possible faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) for refractory diarrhoea secondary to clostridium difficile infection (cdi). on detailed history, the patient was exposed to ipilimumab concomitantly while being treated for cdi, and was instead diagnosed with diarrhoea secondary to superimposed ipilimumab-associated colitis. ipilimumab is an anti-ctla4 monoclonal antibody approved for use in metastatic melanoma and unde ... | 2015 | 26153295 |
| recurrent clostridium difficile infection and the microbiome. | the diverse and densely populated gastrointestinal microbiota is essential for the regulation of host physiology and immune function. as our knowledge of the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota continues to expand, there is new interest in using these developments to tailor fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) and microbial ecosystem therapeutics (met) for a variety of diseases. the potential role of fmt and met in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi)-curren ... | 2016 | 26153514 |
| fecal microbiota transplant by push enteroscopy to treat diarrhea caused by clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is the major etiological agent of pseudomembranous colitis and is found in up to 20% of adult inpatients. the recommended treatment is antibiotic therapy with metronidazole and/or vancomycin. however, the recurrence rate may reach up to 25% and it increases in each episode. the newest alternative to treat diarrhea due to recurrent clostridium difficile is fecal microbiota transplantation. the procedure was performed in 12 patients, with a 6-month follow-up on 10 of them. of ... | 2017 | 26154556 |
| clostridium difficile ribotypes in austria: a multicenter, hospital-based survey. | a prospective, noninterventional survey was conducted among clostridium difficile positive patients identified in the time period of july until october 2012 in 18 hospitals distributed across all nine austrian provinces. participating hospitals were asked to send stool samples or isolates from ten successive patients with c.difficile infection to the national clostridium difficile reference laboratory at the austrian agency for health and food safety for pcr-ribotyping and in vitro susceptibilit ... | 2015 | 26156942 |
| c. difficile infection: changing epidemiology and management paradigms. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has been rising in hospitals, long-term care facilities, and within the community. cases have been more severe with more complications, deaths, and higher healthcare-associated costs. with the emergence of a hypervirulent strain of c. difficile and the increasing prevalence of community-acquired cdi among healthy patients without traditional risk factors, the epidemiology of c. difficile has been evolving. this changing epidemiology requires ... | 2015 | 26158611 |
| clostridium difficile infections before and during use of ultraviolet disinfection. | we previously reported a significant decrease in hospital-acquired (ha) clostridium difficile infection (cdi) coincident with the introduction of pulsed xenon ultraviolet light for room disinfection (uvd). the purpose of this study was to evaluate cdi cases in greater detail to understand the effect of uvd. | 2015 | 26159499 |
| the bug stops here: innate lymphoid cells in clostridium difficile infection. | the contribution of the innate immune response to the resolution of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) remains incompletely defined. in this issue of cell host & microbe, abt et al. demonstrated that innate lymphoid cells and the effector cytokine ifn-γ are important for recovery from the acute phase of cdi. | 2015 | 26159713 |
| innate immune defenses mediated by two ilc subsets are critical for protection against acute clostridium difficile infection. | infection with the opportunistic enteric pathogen clostridium difficile is an increasingly common clinical complication that follows antibiotic treatment-induced gut microbiota perturbation. innate lymphoid cells (ilcs) are early responders to enteric pathogens; however, their role during c. difficile infection is undefined. to identify immune pathways that mediate recovery from c. difficile infection, we challenged c57bl/6, rag1(-/-) (which lack t and b cells), and rag2(-/-)il2rg(-/-) (ragγc(-/ ... | 2015 | 26159718 |
| conventional and molecular methods in the diagnosis of community-acquired diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age from the north-eastern region of poland. | the purpose of this study was to determine the main causative agents of community-acquired acute diarrhoea in children using conventional methods and pcr. | 2015 | 26159845 |
| meta-genomic analysis of toilet waste from long distance flights; a step towards global surveillance of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. | human populations worldwide are increasingly confronted with infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance spreading faster and appearing more frequently. knowledge regarding their occurrence and worldwide transmission is important to control outbreaks and prevent epidemics. here, we performed shotgun sequencing of toilet waste from 18 international airplanes arriving in copenhagen, denmark, from nine cities in three world regions. an average of 18.6 gb (14.8 to 25.7 gb) of raw illumina paire ... | 2015 | 26161690 |
| first implementation of frozen, capsulized faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection into clinical practice in europe. | 2015 | 26163107 | |
| proton pump inhibitors alter specific taxa in the human gastrointestinal microbiome: a crossover trial. | we conducted an open-label crossover trial to test whether proton pump inhibitors (ppis) affect the gastrointestinal microbiome to facilitate clostridium difficile infection (cdi). twelve healthy volunteers each donated 2 baseline fecal samples, 4 weeks apart (at weeks 0 and 4). they then took ppis for 4 weeks (40 mg omeprazole, twice daily) and fecal samples were collected at week 8. six individuals took the ppis for an additional 4 weeks (from week 8 to 12) and fecal samples were collected fro ... | 2015 | 26164495 |
| risk factors for community-associated clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in children. | clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) is increasingly diagnosed in children in community settings. this study aims to assess recent antibiotic use and other risk factors in children with community-associated (ca-) cdad compared with children with other diarrheal illnesses in a tertiary care setting. | 2015 | 26164847 |
| [analysis of clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in pediatric patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea]. | to analyze the incidence and treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in pediatric patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad). | 2015 | 26165021 |
| methods to prevent or treat refractory diseases by focusing on intestinal microbes using lps and macrophages. | intestinal microbes are known to influence host homeostasis by producing various substances. recently, the presence of a diverse range of intestinal microbiota has been shown to play a key role in the maintenance of health, along with influencing the host's innate immunity towards various diseases. for example, fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) from healthy individuals was remarkably effective in cases of refractory clostridium difficile colitis. conversely, decreased number of intestinal m ... | 2015 | 26168477 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation eliminates clostridium difficile in a murine model of relapsing disease. | recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is of particular concern among health care-associated infections. the role of the microbiota in disease recovery is apparent given the success of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) for recurrent cdi. here, we present a murine model of cdi relapse to further define the microbiota recovery following fmt. cefoperazone-treated mice were infected with c. difficile 630 spores and treated with vancomycin after development of clinical disease. vancomyc ... | 2015 | 26169276 |
| novel riboswitch-binding flavin analog that protects mice against clostridium difficile infection without inhibiting cecal flora. | novel mechanisms of action and new chemical scaffolds are needed to rejuvenate antibacterial drug discovery, and riboswitch regulators of bacterial gene expression are a promising class of targets for the discovery of new leads. herein, we report the characterization of 5-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)butyl)-7,8-dimethylpyrido[3,4-b]quinoxaline-1,3(2h,5h)-dione (5fdqd)-an analog of riboflavin that was designed to bind riboswitches that naturally recognize the essential coenzyme flavin mononucleotide (fmn) ... | 2015 | 26169403 |
| effects of fluoroquinolone restriction (from 2007 to 2012) on clostridium difficile infections: interrupted time-series analysis. | antimicrobial stewardship is a key component in the reduction of healthcare-associated infections, particularly clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we successfully restricted the use of cephalosporins and, subsequently, fluoroquinolones. from an endemically high level of >280 cases per year in 2007-08, the number of cdis reduced to 72 cases in 2011-12. | 2015 | 26169793 |
| ultrasound diagnosis of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | clostridium difficile colitis is diagnosed using an immunoassay or polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for toxins a/b. since ultrasound is frequently used as a screening test for hospitalized patients suffering from different abdominal morbidities, we searched for sonographic indicators of c. difficile infection (cdi). in a prospective and blinded case-control study, abdominal ultrasound was performed on hospitalized patients for whom stool samples were sent for c. difficile toxin immunoassay. ... | 2015 | 26173691 |
| antibiotic-induced alterations of the murine gut microbiota and subsequent effects on colonization resistance against clostridium difficile. | perturbations to the gut microbiota can result in a loss of colonization resistance against gastrointestinal pathogens such as clostridium difficile. although c. difficile infection is commonly associated with antibiotic use, the precise alterations to the microbiota associated with this loss in function are unknown. we used a variety of antibiotic perturbations to generate a diverse array of gut microbiota structures, which were then challenged with c. difficile spores. across these treatments ... | 2015 | 26173701 |
| surgical management of toxic megacolon. | toxic megacolon carries still a substantial mortality and the decision when to per form emergent colectomy needs precise predictors outcome. | 2014 | 26176049 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26176396 | |
| clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26176397 | |
| clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26176398 | |
| clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26176399 | |
| unlocking the sporicidal potential of ethanol: induced sporicidal activity of ethanol against clostridium difficile and bacillus spores under altered physical and chemical conditions. | due to their efficacy and convenience, alcohol-based hand sanitizers have been widely adopted as the primary method of hand hygiene in healthcare settings. however, alcohols lack activity against bacterial spores produced by pathogens such as clostridium difficile and bacillus anthracis. we hypothesized that sporicidal activity could be induced in alcohols through alteration of physical or chemical conditions that have been shown to degrade or allow penetration of spore coats. | 2015 | 26177038 |
| profiling humoral immune responses to clostridium difficile-specific antigens by protein microarray analysis. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, and spore-forming bacterium that is the leading worldwide infective cause of hospital-acquired and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. several studies have reported associations between humoral immunity and the clinical course of c. difficile infection (cdi). host humoral immune responses are determined using conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) techniques. herein, we report the first use of a novel protein microarray assay to d ... | 2015 | 26178385 |
| the clostridium difficile cell wall protein cwpv confers phase-variable phage resistance. | bacteriophages are present in virtually all ecosystems, and bacteria have developed multiple antiphage strategies to counter their attacks. clostridium difficile is an important pathogen causing severe intestinal infections in humans and animals. here we show that the conserved cell-surface protein cwpv provides antiphage protection in c. difficile. this protein, for which the expression is phase-variable, is classified into five types, each differing in their repeat-containing c-terminal domain ... | 2015 | 26179020 |
| genomic epidemiology of a protracted hospital outbreak caused by a toxin a-negative clostridium difficile sublineage pcr ribotype 017 strain in london, england. | clostridium difficile remains the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea worldwide, which is largely considered to be due to the production of two potent toxins: tcda and tcdb. however, pcr ribotype (rt) 017, one of five clonal lineages of human virulent c. difficile, lacks tcda expression but causes widespread disease. whole-genome sequencing was applied to 35 isolates from hospitalized patients with c. difficile infection (cdi) and two environmental ward isolates in london, england. the phylogen ... | 2015 | 26179308 |
| loss of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus fecal dominance in an organ transplant patient with clostridium difficile colitis after fecal microbiota transplant. | we report the use of fecal microbiota transplantation in a single heart-kidney transplant recipient with recurrent clostridium difficile, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) fecal dominance, and recurrent vre infections. fecal microbiota transplantation resulted in the reconstruction of a diverse microbiota with (1) reduced relative abundance of c difficile and vre and (2) positive clinical outcome. | 2015 | 26180828 |
| defined nutrient diets alter susceptibility to clostridium difficile associated disease in a murine model. | clostridium difficile is a major identifiable and treatable cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. poor nutritional status contributes to mortality through weakened host defenses against various pathogens. the primary goal of this study was to assess the contribution of a reduced protein diet to the outcomes of c. difficile infection in a murine model. | 2015 | 26181795 |
| [cystic fibrosis: toward a genetic treatment; clostridium difficile versus clostridium difficile]. | 2015 | 26182641 | |
| synchronous cytomegalovirus and clostridium difficile infection of the pouch: a trigger for chronic pouchitis? | pouchitis occurs in up to one half of patients after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (ipaa). cytomegalovirus (cmv) and clostridium difficile are among the commonest secondary identifiable etiologies. a 17-year-old male with ulcerative colitis underwent ipaa due to refractory disease. nine months later he experienced bloody diarrhea and fever. laboratory testing and endoscopy confirmed pouch inflammation. testing for c. difficile toxins a and b was positive. histolog ... | 2014 | 26183628 |
| bacterial infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | bacterial infections are major complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct). they consist mainly of bloodstream infections (bsi), followed by pneumonia and gastrointestinal infections, including typhlitis and clostridium difficile infection. microbiological data come mostly from bsi. coagulase negative staphylococci and enterobacteriaceae are the most frequent pathogens causing approximately 25% of bsi each, followed by enterococci, p. aeruginosa and viridans streptococci. bacte ... | 2015 | 26185610 |
| pitfalls in diagnosis of pediatric clostridium difficile infection. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has risen among children and c difficile is increasingly recognized as an important cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea among pediatric patients. still, increased identification of cdi in healthy children in the community and increased testing among infants requires cautious interpretation, given the high prevalence of asymptomatic colonization in young infants and frequent detection of viruses and other co-pathogens in stool specimens i ... | 2015 | 26188603 |
| use of intravenous immunoglobulin in severe clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | clostridium difficile infection is an increasingly common cause of healthcare-acquired diarrhea. there remains substantial morbidity and mortality, even with current modalities of treatment. the aim of our study was to investigate the role of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) on mortality in patients with severe clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). | 2015 | 26189489 |
| horizontal infection prevention measures and a risk-managed approach to vancomycin-resistant enterococci: an evaluation. | the use of infection control measures in the management of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) is hotly debated. a risk-managed approach to vre control after the introduction of 2 horizontal infection prevention measures-an environmental cleaning (ec) and an antimicrobial stewardship (ams) program-was assessed. | 2015 | 26190379 |
| binding to histo-blood group antigen-expressing bacteria protects human norovirus from acute heat stress. | this study aims to investigate if histo-blood group antigen (hbga) expressing bacteria have any protective role on human norovirus (nov) from acute heat stress. eleven bacterial strains were included, belonging to escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, clostridium difficile, bifidobacterium adolescentis, and b. longum. hbga expression of the bacteria as well as binding of human nov virus-like particles (vlps, gi.1, and gii.4 strains) to the bacteria were detected by flow ... | 2015 | 26191052 |
| incidence and costs of clostridium difficile infections in canada. | background. limited data are available on direct medical costs and lost productivity due to clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in canada. methods. we developed an economic model to estimate the costs of managing hospitalized and community-dwelling patients with cdi in canada. the number of episodes was projected based on publicly available national rates of hospital-associated cdi and the estimate that 64% of all cdi is hospital-associated. clostridium difficile infection recurrences were c ... | 2015 | 26191534 |
| robot-assisted laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistula: a single-center experience. | to describe our surgical technique and outcomes with robot-assisted laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistula (vvf) in 10 patients. | 2015 | 26194296 |
| age-stratified treatment response rates in hospitalized patients with clostridium difficile infection treated with metronidazole. | consensus on the optimal treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is rapidly changing. treatment with metronidazole has been associated with increased clinical failure rates; however, the reasons for this are unclear. the purpose of this study was to assess age-related treatment response rates in hospitalized patients with cdi treated with metronidazole. this was a retrospective, multicenter cohort study of hospitalized patients with cdi. patients were assessed for refractory cdi, defi ... | 2015 | 26195522 |
| fate of clostridium botulinum and incidence of pathogenic clostridia in biogas processes. | this study aimed to assess the sanitary situation in agricultural biogas plants (bp) regarding pathogenic clostridium spp. | 2015 | 26198084 |
| microbiome changes associated with sustained eradication of clostridium difficile after single faecal microbiota transplantation in children with and without inflammatory bowel disease. | little data are available regarding the effectiveness and associated microbiome changes of faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in children, especially in those with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) with presumed underlying dysbiosis. | 2015 | 26198180 |
| a primer on on-demand polymerase chain reaction technology. | efforts to reduce health care-associated infections (hais) have grown in both scale and sophistication over the past few decades; however, the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance and the impact of new legislation regarding hais on health care economics make the fight against them all the more urgent. on-demand polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology has proven to be a highly effective weapon in this fight, offering the ability to accurately and efficiently identify disease-causing p ... | 2015 | 26198577 |
| isolation and quantitation of clostridium difficile in aqueous and fecal matter using two types of selective media. | we evaluated the isolation and quantitation of clostridium difficile from aqueous and fecal samples utilizing chromid cdif and cycloserine, cefoxitin, and fructose-containing agar with horse blood and taurocholate media. growth was similar between the two. chromid cdif provided enhanced isolation and required no ethanol pretreatment to inhibit normal flora. chromid cdif also improved turn-around time, requiring only 24 hours' incubation. | 2016 | 26198865 |
| homozygosity for the e526v mutation in fibrinogen a alpha-chain amyloidosis: the first report. | systemic hereditary amyloidoses are autosomal dominant diseases associated with mutations in genes encoding ten different proteins. the clinical phenotype has implications on therapeutic approach, but it is commonly variable and largely dependent on the type of mutation. except for rare cases involving gelsolin or transthyretin, patients are heterozygous for the amyloidogenic variants. here we describe the first patient identified worldwide as homozygous for a nephropathic amyloidosis, involving ... | 2015 | 26199771 |
| pathogenesis of clostridium difficile infection and its potential role in inflammatory bowel disease. | colonization with toxigenic clostridium difficile may be associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic carriage to mild diarrhea to life-threatening colitis. over the last 15 years, there has been a marked increase in the incidence of c. difficile infection, which predominantly affects elderly patients on antibiotics. more recently, there has been significant interest in the association between inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and c. difficile infection. this ... | 2015 | 26199993 |
| antimicrobial resistance: thinking outside the box. | the health care system is challenged by another serious issue: antimicrobial resistance. clostridium difficile is the most common infection in health care institutions and is becoming resistant to standard treatment. carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae can be found in almost every state in the united states. confounding the antimicrobial resistance issue is the fact that few new antimicrobials are being developed by pharmaceutical companies. the situation is so critical that the white house ... | 2017 | 26200730 |
| development and validation of digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for ultrasensitive detection and quantification of clostridium difficile toxins in stool. | the currently available diagnostics for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have major limitations. despite mounting evidence that toxin detection is paramount for diagnosis, conventional toxin immunoassays are insufficiently sensitive and cytotoxicity assays too complex; assays that detect toxigenic organisms (toxigenic culture [tc] and nucleic acid amplification testing [naat]) are confounded by asymptomatic colonization by toxigenic c. difficile. we developed ultrasensitive digital enzyme-l ... | 2015 | 26202120 |
| risk factors for recurrent hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection in a japanese university hospital. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a highly prevalent hospital-associated infection. although most patients respond well to discontinuation of antibiotics, 20%-30% of patients relapse. to initiate early therapeutic measures, the risk factors for recurrent cdi must be identified, although very few japanese studies have used standard surveillance definitions to identify these risk factors. | 2015 | 26203270 |
| [treatment of a severe clostridium difficile infection with colonic lavages. report of one case]. | a loop ileostomy with intraoperative anterograde colonic lavage has been described as an alternative to colectomy in the management of cases of clostridium difficile infection refractory to medical treatment. we report a 69 years old diabetic women admitted with a septic shock. an abdominal cat scan showed a pan-colitis that seemed to be infectious. a polymerase chain reaction was positive for clostridium difficile. due to the failure to improve after full medical treatment, a derivative loop il ... | 2015 | 26203580 |
| [fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent clostridium difficile infection. report of one case]. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has an incomparable efficacy to treat recurrent clostridium difficile infection, with near 90% of success. we report a 57 years old woman who developed an antibiotic associated diarrhea with a positive polymerase chain reaction test for clostridium difficile toxin. she was successfully treated with vancomycin trice but diarrhea recurred. therefore a fecal microbiota transplant was performed using solid stools from a relative, diluted in saline and instilled ... | 2015 | 26204547 |
| clostridium difficile infections after blunt trauma: a different patient population? | the epidemiology of clostridium difficile-associated infection (cdi) has changed, and it is evident that susceptibility is related not only to exposures and bacterial potency, but host factors as well. several small studies have suggested that cdi after trauma is associated with a different patient phenotype. the purpose of this study was to examine and describe the epidemiologic factors associated with c. difficile in blunt trauma patients without traumatic brain injury using the trauma-related ... | 2015 | 26207402 |
| probiotics for clostridium difficile infection in adults (pico): study protocol for a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. | clostridium difficile is a pathogen of rapidly increasing public health importance. an estimated quarter of a million clostridium difficile infections (cdi) occur in the united states annually, at a resultant cost of 14,000 deaths and 1 billion dollars. clostridium difficile related deaths have risen 400% over the last decade, and current standard antibiotic treatments are only 75 to 85% successful. besides increasing the risk of antibiotic resistance and side effects, these treatments are very ... | 2015 | 26210512 |
| structural basis of proline-proline peptide bond specificity of the metalloprotease zmp1 implicated in motility of clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is a pathogenic bacterium causing gastrointestinal diseases from mild diarrhea to toxic megacolon. in common with other pathogenic bacteria, c. difficile secretes proteins involved in adhesion, colonization, and dissemination. the recently identified zmp1 is an extracellular metalloprotease showing a unique specificity for pro-pro peptide bonds. the endogenous substrates of zmp1 are two surface proteins implicated in adhesion of c. difficile to surface proteins of human cel ... | 2015 | 26211609 |
| [research progress of fecal microbiota transplantation]. | intestinal microbial ecosystem is the most complex and the largest micro-ecosystem of the mammals. the use of antibiotics can lead to a lot of major changes of the flora, making the intestinal flora damaged and impacted, even developing clostridium difficile infection. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) as a special organ transplant therapy, which can rebuild the intestinal flora, has raised the clinical concerns. it has been used in the refractory clostridium difficile, inflammatory bowel d ... | 2015 | 26211780 |