Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of peptide deformylase from campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the major foodborne pathogens causing human infection. peptide deformylase, a metallohydrolase, catalyzes the deformylation of n-formylated methionine in newly synthesized polypeptides in prokaryotes and some eukaryotic organelles. the deformylation process is an essential step in protein synthesis and has attracted much attention as a potential target for the development of novel antibacterial agents. here, the cloned codon-optimized def gene from c. jejuni was sy ... | 2013 | 24100562 |
| milk oligosaccharide sialyl(α2,3)lactose activates intestinal cd11c+ cells through tlr4. | breast milk oligosaccharides shape the intestinal environment by affecting mucosal immunity and bacterial colonization. to clarify the role of milk oligosaccharide sialyl(α2,3)lactose (3sl) in intestinal physiology and disease, we investigated colitis development in il10(-/-) mice exposed to normal or 3sl-deficient milk during lactation. onset and progression of intestinal inflammation were delayed in il10(-/-) mice deficient for the α2,3 sialyltransferase 4 (st3gal4) responsible for 3sl biosynt ... | 2013 | 24101501 |
| contribution of six flagellin genes to the flagellum biogenesis of vibrio vulnificus and in vivo invasion. | vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic pathogenic bacterium that is motile due to the presence of a single polar flagellum. v. vulnificus possesses a total of six flagellin genes organized into two loci (flafba and flacde). we proved that all six of the flagellin genes were transcribed, whereas only five (flaa, -b, -c, -d, and -f) of the six flagellin proteins were detected. to understand roles of the six v. vulnificus flagellins in motility and virulence, mutants with single and multiple flagellin d ... | 2014 | 24101693 |
| luxs in bacteria isolated from 25- to 40-million-year-old amber. | interspecies bacterial communication is mediated by autoinducer-2, whose synthesis depends on luxs. due to the apparent universality of luxs (present in more than 40 bacterial species), it may have an ancient origin; however, no direct evidence is currently available. we amplified luxs in bacteria isolated from 25- to 40-million-year-old amber. the phylogenies and molecular clocks of luxs and the 16s rrna gene from ancient and extant bacteria were determined as well. luminescence assays using vi ... | 2013 | 24102660 |
| luxs in bacteria isolated from 25- to 40-million-year-old amber. | interspecies bacterial communication is mediated by autoinducer-2, whose synthesis depends on luxs. due to the apparent universality of luxs (present in more than 40 bacterial species), it may have an ancient origin; however, no direct evidence is currently available. we amplified luxs in bacteria isolated from 25- to 40-million-year-old amber. the phylogenies and molecular clocks of luxs and the 16s rrna gene from ancient and extant bacteria were determined as well. luminescence assays using vi ... | 2013 | 24102660 |
| lipooligosaccharide locus class of campylobacter jejuni: sialylation is not needed for invasive infection. | campylobacter jejuni is a highly diverse enteropathogen that is commonly detected worldwide. it can sometimes cause bacteraemia, but the bacterial characteristics facilitating bloodstream infection are not known. a total of 73 c. jejuni isolates, consecutively collected from blood-borne infections during a 10-year period all over finland and for which detailed clinical information of the patients were available, were included. we screened the isolates by pcr for the lipooligosaccharide (los) loc ... | 2014 | 24102802 |
| lipooligosaccharide locus class of campylobacter jejuni: sialylation is not needed for invasive infection. | campylobacter jejuni is a highly diverse enteropathogen that is commonly detected worldwide. it can sometimes cause bacteraemia, but the bacterial characteristics facilitating bloodstream infection are not known. a total of 73 c. jejuni isolates, consecutively collected from blood-borne infections during a 10-year period all over finland and for which detailed clinical information of the patients were available, were included. we screened the isolates by pcr for the lipooligosaccharide (los) loc ... | 2014 | 24102802 |
| cow's milk with active immunoglobulins against campylobacter jejuni: effects of temperature on immunoglobulin activity. | adult holstein cows were injected with an antiserum against campylobacter jejuni and immunoglobulin activities in vitro were determined in blood and milk several weeks after injection. the immunoactivity of immunoglobulins in milk was measured by an elisa after different temperature-time treatments (60-91°c and 4-3600 s) at laboratory and pilot-plant scales. kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined. | 2014 | 24105722 |
| transcriptional regulation by ferric uptake regulator (fur) in pathogenic bacteria. | in the ancient anaerobic environment, ferrous iron (fe(2+)) was one of the first metal cofactors. oxygenation of the ancient world challenged bacteria to acquire the insoluble ferric iron (fe(3+)) and later to defend against reactive oxygen species (ros) generated by the fenton chemistry. to acquire fe(3+), bacteria produce low-molecular weight compounds, known as siderophores, which have extremely high affinity for fe(3+). however, during infection the host restricts iron from pathogens by prod ... | 2013 | 24106689 |
| increased incidence of campylobacter jejuni-associated guillain-barré syndromes in the greater paris area. | the role of campylobacter jejuni as the triggering agent of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) has not been reassessed since the end of the 1990s in france. we report that the number of c. jejuni-related gbs cases increased continuously between 1996 and 2007 in the paris region (mean annual increment: 7%, p = 0·007). | 2014 | 24107359 |
| free-living waterfowl as a source of zoonotic bacteria in a dense wild bird population area in northeastern spain. | salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. are zoonotic bacteria that represent an economic and public health concern worldwide. due to the difficulty to collect samples from free-living waterfowl, little is known on their importance as a reservoir of zoonotic agents. thus, a study was conducted to determine the prevalence, genotypic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella and campylobacter from waterfowl in ebro delta (northeastern spain), a geographical area with a dense wild bird ... | 2015 | 24112278 |
| flow cytometry-based enrichment for cell shape mutants identifies multiple genes that influence helicobacter pylori morphology. | the helical cell shape of helicobacter pylori is highly conserved and contributes to its ability to swim through and colonize the viscous gastric mucus layer. a multi-faceted peptidoglycan (pg) modification programme involving four recently characterized peptidases and two accessory proteins is essential for maintaining h. pylori's helicity. to expedite identification of additional shape-determining genes, we employed flow cytometry with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (facs) to enrich a tra ... | 2013 | 24112477 |
| cell-free preparations of lactobacillus acidophilus strain la-5 and bifidobacterium longum strain ncc2705 affect virulence gene expression in campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter spp. are among the most commonly reported bacterial causes of acute diarrheal disease in humans worldwide. potential virulence factors include motility, chemotaxis, colonization ability, adhesion to intestinal cells, invasion and epithelial translocation, intracellular survival, and formation of toxins. probiotic lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains are known to have an inhibitory effect against the growth of various foodborne pathogens. the objective of this study was to inve ... | 2013 | 24112574 |
| mgla/sspa complex interactions are modulated by inorganic polyphosphate. | the transcription factors mgla and sspa of francisella tularensis form a heterodimer complex and interact with the rna polymerase to regulate the expression of the francisella pathogenicity island (fpi) genes. these genes are essential for this pathogen's virulence and survival within host cells. our goal was to determine if an intracellular metabolite modulate these protein/protein interactions. in this study, we identified inorganic polyphosphate (polyp) as a signal molecule that promotes the ... | 2013 | 24116108 |
| gut feelings: bacteria and the brain. | 2013 | 24116266 | |
| role and regulation of heme iron acquisition in gram-negative pathogens. | bacteria that reside in animal tissues and/or cells must acquire iron from their host. however, almost all of the host iron is sequestered in iron-containing compounds and proteins, the majority of which is found within heme molecules. thus, likely iron sources for bacterial pathogens (and non-pathogenic symbionts) are free heme and heme-containing proteins. furthermore, the cellular location of the bacterial within the host (intra or extracellular) influences the amount and nature of the iron c ... | 2013 | 24116354 |
| o-linked protein glycosylation in mycoplasma. | although mycoplasmas have a paucity of glycosyltransferases and nucleotidyltransferases recognizable by bioinformatics, these bacteria are known to produce polysaccharides and glycolipids. we show here that mycoplasmas also produce glycoproteins and hence have glycomes more complex than previously realized. proteins from several species of mycoplasma reacted with a glycoprotein stain, and the murine pathogen mycoplasma arthritidis was chosen for further study. the presence of m. arthritidis glyc ... | 2013 | 24118505 |
| assessment of glycan interactions of clinical and avian isolates of campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni strain 11168 was demonstrated to have a broad specificity for eukaryotic surface glycosylation using glycan array analysis. the initial screen indicated that sialic acid and mannose are important binding partners after environmental stress, while galactose and fucose structures are likely to be involved in persistent infection. | 2013 | 24119179 |
| antimicrobial resistance in human and animal pathogens in zambia, democratic republic of congo, mozambique and tanzania: an urgent need of a sustainable surveillance system. | a review of the published and unpublished literature on bacterial resistance in human and animals was performed. sixty-eight articles/reports from the democratic republic of congo (drc), mozambique, tanzania and zambia were reviewed. the majority of these articles were from tanzania. there is an increasing trend in the incidence of antibiotic resistance; of major concern is the increase in multidrug- resistant escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholera, non-ty ... | 2013 | 24119299 |
| antimicrobial activity of the bioactive components of essential oils from pakistani spices against salmonella and other multi-drug resistant bacteria. | the main objective of this study was the phytochemical characterization of four indigenous essential oils obtained from spices and their antibacterial activities against the multidrug resistant clinical and soil isolates prevalent in pakistan, and atcc reference strains. | 2013 | 24119438 |
| species-specificity of equine and porcine lawsonia intracellularis isolates in laboratory animals. | lawsonia intracellularis infection causes proliferative enteropathy (pe) in many mammalian species, with porcine and equine proliferative enteropathy (ppe and epe) known worldwide. hamsters are a well-published animal model for ppe infection studies in pigs. there is no laboratory animal model for epe infection studies and it is not known whether there is species-specificity for equine or porcine isolates of l. intracellularis in animal models. the objective of this study was to determine whethe ... | 2013 | 24124268 |
| identification of leptospira interrogans phospholipase c as a novel virulence factor responsible for intracellular free calcium ion elevation during macrophage death. | leptospira-induced macrophage death has been confirmed to play a crucial role in pathogenesis of leptospirosis, a worldwide zoonotic infectious disease. intracellular free ca(2+) concentration ([ca(2+)]i) elevation induced by infection can cause cell death, but [ca(2+)]i changes and high [ca(2+)]i-induced death of macrophages due to infection of leptospira have not been previously reported. | 2013 | 24124502 |
| patent human infections with the whipworm, trichuris trichiura, are not associated with alterations in the faecal microbiota. | the soil-transmitted helminth (sth), trichuris trichiura colonises the human large intestine where it may modify inflammatory responses, an effect possibly mediated through alterations in the intestinal microbiota. we hypothesised that patent t. trichiura infections would be associated with altered faecal microbiota and that anthelmintic treatment would induce a microbiota resembling more closely that observed in uninfected individuals. | 2013 | 24124574 |
| crystal structures of an archaeal oligosaccharyltransferase provide insights into the catalytic cycle of n-linked protein glycosylation. | oligosaccharyltransferase transfers an oligosaccharide chain to the asparagine residues in proteins. the archaeal and eubacterial oligosaccharyltransferases are single subunit membrane enzymes, referred to as "aglb" (archaeal glycosylation b) and "pglb" (protein glycosylation b), respectively. only one crystal structure of a full-length pglb has been solved. here we report the crystal structures of the full-length aglb from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, archaeoglobus fulgidus. the aglb and pglb ... | 2013 | 24127570 |
| structural and biochemical characterization of a bifunctional ketoisomerase/n-acetyltransferase from shewanella denitrificans. | unusual n-acetylated sugars have been observed on the o-antigens of some gram-negative bacteria and on the s-layers of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. one such sugar is 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-α-d-galactose or fuc3nac. the pathway for its production requires five enzymes with the first step involving the attachment of dtmp to glucose-1-phosphate. here, we report a structural and biochemical characterization of a bifunctional enzyme from shewanella denitificans thought to be involv ... | 2013 | 24128043 |
| the microbiome and cancer. | microbiota and host form a complex 'super-organism' in which symbiotic relationships confer benefits to the host in many key aspects of life. however, defects in the regulatory circuits of the host that control bacterial sensing and homeostasis, or alterations of the microbiome, through environmental changes (infection, diet or lifestyle), may disturb this symbiotic relationship and promote disease. increasing evidence indicates a key role for the bacterial microbiota in carcinogenesis. in this ... | 2013 | 24132111 |
| characterization of a novel zinc transporter znua acquired by vibrio parahaemolyticus through horizontal gene transfer. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a clinically important foodborne pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis worldwide. it has been shown that horizontal gene transfer (hgt) contributes significantly to virulence development of v. parahaemolyticus. in this study, we identified a novel znua homolog (vpa1307) that belongs to a novel subfamily of znua, a bacterial zinc transporter. the vpa1307 gene is located upstream of the v. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity island (vp-pais) in both tdh-positive and trh- ... | 2013 | 24133656 |
| impact of rurality, broiler operations, and community socioeconomic factors on the risk of campylobacteriosis in maryland. | we evaluated the combined impact of community-level environmental and socioeconomic factors on the risk of campylobacteriosis. | 2013 | 24134343 |
| guillain-barre syndrome-like illness in association with electrical shock injury. | a 19-year-old man presented 4 weeks after an electrical shock injury with gradual onset limb weakness, altered sensation in the peripheries and respiratory difficulty. there was immediate tingling of the fingers following the electrical injury that persisted. he subsequently had transient facial weakness responsive to oral steroids before the development of further limb symptoms. on admission the clinical picture and investigation findings, including neurophysiology, cerebrospinal fluid examinat ... | 2013 | 24136915 |
| the human gut and groundwater harbor non-photosynthetic bacteria belonging to a new candidate phylum sibling to cyanobacteria. | cyanobacteria were responsible for the oxygenation of the ancient atmosphere; however, the evolution of this phylum is enigmatic, as relatives have not been characterized. here we use whole genome reconstruction of human fecal and subsurface aquifer metagenomic samples to obtain complete genomes for members of a new candidate phylum sibling to cyanobacteria, for which we propose the designation 'melainabacteria'. metabolic analysis suggests that the ancestors to both lineages were non-photosynth ... | 2013 | 24137540 |
| a novel type of n-acetylglutamate synthase is involved in the first step of arginine biosynthesis in corynebacterium glutamicum. | arginine biosynthesis in corynebacterium glutamicum consists of eight enzymatic steps, starting with acetylation of glutamate, catalysed by n-acetylglutamate synthase (nags). there are different kinds of known nagss, for example, "classical" arga, bifunctional argj, argo, and s-nags. however, since c. glutamicum possesses a monofunctional argj, which catalyses only the fifth step of the arginine biosynthesis pathway, glutamate must be acetylated by an as of yet unknown nags gene. | 2013 | 24138314 |
| an optimized binary typing panel improves the typing capability for campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is a frequent bacterial pathogen causing gastroenteritis worldwide. we report here a mathematically optimized combination of 10 loci selected from 2 previously published binary typing panels. the optimized combination offers advantages of higher differentiation capability, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and portability for routine surveillance and outbreak investigations of c. jejuni. | 2013 | 24139878 |
| nitrate and periplasmic nitrate reductases. | the nitrate anion is a simple, abundant and relatively stable species, yet plays a significant role in global cycling of nitrogen, global climate change, and human health. although it has been known for quite some time that nitrate is an important species environmentally, recent studies have identified potential medical applications. in this respect the nitrate anion remains an enigmatic species that promises to offer exciting science in years to come. many bacteria readily reduce nitrate to nit ... | 2014 | 24141308 |
| the campylobacter jejuni ciad effector protein activates map kinase signaling pathways and is required for the development of disease. | enteric pathogens utilize a distinct set of proteins to modulate host cell signaling events that promote host cell invasion, induction of the inflammatory response, and intracellular survival. human infection with campylobacter jejuni, the causative agent of campylobacteriosis, is characterized by diarrhea containing blood and leukocytes. the clinical presentation of acute disease, which is consistent with cellular invasion, requires the delivery of the campylobacter invasion antigens (cia) to t ... | 2013 | 24144181 |
| alternative roles for crispr/cas systems in bacterial pathogenesis. | 2013 | 24146613 | |
| protein-linked glycans in periodontal bacteria: prevalence and role at the immune interface. | protein modification with complex glycans is increasingly being recognized in many pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, and is now thought to be central to the successful life-style of those species in their respective hosts. this review aims to convey current knowledge on the extent of protein glycosylation in periodontal pathogenic bacteria and its role in the modulation of the host immune responses. the available data show that surface glycans of periodontal bacteria orchestrate dendritic ... | 2013 | 24146665 |
| coestimation of recombination, substitution and molecular adaptation rates by approximate bayesian computation. | the estimation of parameters in molecular evolution may be biased when some processes are not considered. for example, the estimation of selection at the molecular level using codon-substitution models can have an upward bias when recombination is ignored. here we address the joint estimation of recombination, molecular adaptation and substitution rates from coding sequences using approximate bayesian computation (abc). we describe the implementation of a regression-based strategy for choosing s ... | 2013 | 24149652 |
| coestimation of recombination, substitution and molecular adaptation rates by approximate bayesian computation. | the estimation of parameters in molecular evolution may be biased when some processes are not considered. for example, the estimation of selection at the molecular level using codon-substitution models can have an upward bias when recombination is ignored. here we address the joint estimation of recombination, molecular adaptation and substitution rates from coding sequences using approximate bayesian computation (abc). we describe the implementation of a regression-based strategy for choosing s ... | 2013 | 24149652 |
| interaction of microbes with mucus and mucins: recent developments. | due to the recent rapid expansion in our understanding of the composition of the gut microflora and the consequences of altering that composition the question of how bacteria colonise mucus layers and interact with components of mucus, such as mucin, is now receiving widespread attention. using a combination of mucus secreting cells, and a novel mucin microarray platform containing purified native mucins from different sources we recently demonstrated that two gastrointestinal pathogens, helicob ... | 2013 | 24149677 |
| interaction of microbes with mucus and mucins: recent developments. | due to the recent rapid expansion in our understanding of the composition of the gut microflora and the consequences of altering that composition the question of how bacteria colonise mucus layers and interact with components of mucus, such as mucin, is now receiving widespread attention. using a combination of mucus secreting cells, and a novel mucin microarray platform containing purified native mucins from different sources we recently demonstrated that two gastrointestinal pathogens, helicob ... | 2013 | 24149677 |
| enzymatic basis for n-glycan sialylation: structure of rat α2,6-sialyltransferase (st6gal1) reveals conserved and unique features for glycan sialylation. | glycan structures on glycoproteins and glycolipids play critical roles in biological recognition, targeting, and modulation of functions in animal systems. many classes of glycan structures are capped with terminal sialic acid residues, which contribute to biological functions by either forming or masking glycan recognition sites on the cell surface or secreted glycoconjugates. sialylated glycans are synthesized in mammals by a single conserved family of sialyltransferases that have diverse link ... | 2013 | 24155237 |
| recognition of extracellular bacteria by nlrs and its role in the development of adaptive immunity. | innate immune recognition of bacteria is the first requirement for mounting an effective immune response able to control infection. over the previous decade, the general paradigm was that extracellular bacteria were only sensed by cell surface-expressed toll-like receptors (tlrs), whereas cytoplasmic sensors, including members of the nod-like receptor (nlr) family, were specific to pathogens capable of breaching the host cell membrane. it has become apparent, however, that intracellular innate i ... | 2013 | 24155747 |
| trends in water- and foodborne disease outbreaks in korea, 2007-2009. | in korea, every outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in two or more patients who are epidemiologically related is investigated by local public health centres to determine causative agents and control the outbreak with the support of the korean centers for disease control and prevention. the findings and conclusions of each outbreak investigation have been summarized annually since 2007 to make reports and statistics of water- and foodborne disease outbreaks. | 2010 | 24159440 |
| crisprs: molecular signatures used for pathogen subtyping. | rapid and accurate strain identification is paramount in the battle against microbial outbreaks, and several subtyping approaches have been developed. one such method uses clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats (crisprs), dna repeat elements that are present in approximately half of all bacteria. though their signature function is as an adaptive immune system against invading dna such as bacteriophages and plasmids, crisprs also provide an excellent framework for pathogen tracki ... | 2014 | 24162568 |
| protein o-glucosylation in lactobacillus buchneri. | based on the previous demonstration of surface (s-) layer protein glycosylation in lactobacillus buchneri 41021/251 and because of general advantages of lactic acid bacteria for applied research, protein glycosylation in this bacterial species was investigated in detail. the cell surface of l. buchneri cd034 is completely covered with an oblique 2d crystalline array (lattice parameters, a = 5.9 nm; b = 6.2 nm; γ ~ 77°) formed by self-assembly of the s-layer protein slpb. biochemical and mass spe ... | 2013 | 24162649 |
| protein o-glucosylation in lactobacillus buchneri. | based on the previous demonstration of surface (s-) layer protein glycosylation in lactobacillus buchneri 41021/251 and because of general advantages of lactic acid bacteria for applied research, protein glycosylation in this bacterial species was investigated in detail. the cell surface of l. buchneri cd034 is completely covered with an oblique 2d crystalline array (lattice parameters, a = 5.9 nm; b = 6.2 nm; γ ~ 77°) formed by self-assembly of the s-layer protein slpb. biochemical and mass spe ... | 2013 | 24162649 |
| comparative metabolic systems analysis of pathogenic burkholderia. | burkholderia cenocepacia and burkholderia multivorans are opportunistic drug-resistant pathogens that account for the majority of burkholderia cepacia complex infections in cystic fibrosis patients and also infect other immunocompromised individuals. while they share similar genetic compositions, b. cenocepacia and b. multivorans exhibit important differences in pathogenesis. we have developed reconciled genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions of b. cenocepacia j2315 and b. multivorans at ... | 2014 | 24163337 |
| oxantel disrupts polymicrobial biofilm development of periodontal pathogens. | bacterial pathogens commonly associated with chronic periodontitis are the spirochete treponema denticola and the gram-negative, proteolytic species porphyromonas gingivalis and tannerella forsythia. these species rely on complex anaerobic respiration of amino acids, and the anthelmintic drug oxantel has been shown to inhibit fumarate reductase (frd) activity in some pathogenic bacteria and inhibit p. gingivalis homotypic biofilm formation. here, we demonstrate that oxantel inhibited p. gingival ... | 2014 | 24165189 |
| sialylation of campylobacter jejuni endotoxin promotes dendritic cell-mediated b cell responses through cd14-dependent production of ifn-β and tnf-α. | campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis and often precedes development of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), a life-threatening paralytic disease. the incorporation of the carbohydrate sialic acid into c. jejuni lipooligosaccharides (los) is associated with increased severity of gastroenteritis and with induction of gbs; however, the underlying mechanisms remain completely unknown. in this study, we demonstrate that sialic acids in c. jejuni endotoxin enhance ... | 2013 | 24166974 |
| bactofencin a, a new type of cationic bacteriocin with unusual immunity. | bacteriocin production is an important probiotic trait of intestinal bacteria. in this study, we identify a new type of bacteriocin, bactofencin a, produced by a porcine intestinal isolate lactobacillus salivarius dpc6502, and assess its potency against pathogenic species including staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes. genome sequencing of the bacteriocin producer revealed bfna, which encodes the mature and highly basic (pi 10.59), 22-amino-acid defensin-like peptide. matrix-assisted ... | 2013 | 24169573 |
| the abc-type efflux pump macab protects salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from oxidative stress. | multidrug efflux pumps are integral membrane proteins known to actively excrete antibiotics. the macrolide-specific pump macab, the only abc-type drug efflux pump in salmonella, has previously been linked to virulence in mice. the molecular mechanism of this link between macab and infection is unclear. we demonstrate that macab plays a role in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ros), compounds that salmonellae are exposed to at various stages of infection. macab is induced upon expos ... | 2013 | 24169575 |
| prevalence of three campylobacter species, c. jejuni, c. coli, and c. lari, using multilocus sequence typing in wild birds of the mid-atlantic region, usa. | campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in the us, usually due to the consumption of undercooked poultry. research on which avian species transmit the bacterium is limited, especially in the us. we sampled wild birds in three families-anatidae, scolopacidae, and laridae-in eastern north america to determine the prevalence and specific strains of campylobacter. the overall prevalence of campylobacter spp. was 9.2% for all wild birds sampled (n = ... | 2014 | 24171567 |
| inference of the properties of the recombination process from whole bacterial genomes. | patterns of linkage disequilibrium, homoplasy, and incompatibility are difficult to interpret because they depend on several factors, including the recombination process and the population structure. here we introduce a novel model-based framework to infer recombination properties from such summary statistics in bacterial genomes. the underlying model is sequentially markovian so that data can be simulated very efficiently, and we use approximate bayesian computation techniques to infer paramete ... | 2013 | 24172133 |
| inference of the properties of the recombination process from whole bacterial genomes. | patterns of linkage disequilibrium, homoplasy, and incompatibility are difficult to interpret because they depend on several factors, including the recombination process and the population structure. here we introduce a novel model-based framework to infer recombination properties from such summary statistics in bacterial genomes. the underlying model is sequentially markovian so that data can be simulated very efficiently, and we use approximate bayesian computation techniques to infer paramete ... | 2013 | 24172133 |
| exposure to mimivirus collagen promotes arthritis. | collagens, the most abundant proteins in animals, also occur in some recently described nucleocytoplasmic large dna viruses such as mimiviridae, which replicate in amoebae. to clarify the impact of viral collagens on the immune response of animals exposed to mimiviridae, we have investigated the localization of collagens in acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus particles and the response of mice to immunization with mimivirus particles. using protein biotinylation, we have first shown that viral coll ... | 2014 | 24173233 |
| asymmetrical weakness associated with central nervous system involvement in a patient with guillain-barrè syndrome. | guillain-barrè syndrome (gbs) is usually associated with symmetrical weakness, and therefore asymmetrical weakness may confuse diagnosis. we report on a patient with gbs subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis who had asymmetrical weakness with cns involvement. the patient tested positive for anti-ganglioside antibodies, including anti-gm1 igm, anti-gd1b igg, and anti-gt1a igg. patients with gbs can manifest asymmetrical signs and symptoms attributable to cns involvement. prompt, accurate d ... | 2009 | 24179374 |
| metabolic complications of bypass surgery for morbid obesity. | postoperative complications resulting from bariatric surgery can lead to severe vitamin-deficiency states. a patient who underwent bariatric bypass surgery and later developed wernicke's encephalopathy prompted us to present her interesting case history for discussion. although bariatric surgery is known to be a risk factor for wernicke's encephalopathy, this diagnosis is only rarely evoked in the postoperative course. we recommend that the occurrence of digestive, psychiatric or neurological sy ... | 2009 | 24179375 |
| microbials for the production of monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and antibody fragments represent the most important biopharmaceutical products today. because full length antibodies are glycosylated, mammalian cells, which allow human-like n-glycosylation, are currently used for their production. however, mammalian cells have several drawbacks when it comes to bioprocessing and scale-up, resulting in long processing times and elevated costs. by contrast, antibody fragments, that are not glycosylated but still exhibit antigen bindi ... | 2014 | 24183828 |
| specific discrimination of three pathogenic salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes by carb-based oligonucleotide microarray. | it is important to rapidly and selectively detect and analyze pathogenic salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in contaminated food to reduce the morbidity and mortality of salmonella infection and to guarantee food safety. in the present work, we developed an oligonucleotide microarray containing duplicate specific capture probes based on the carb gene, which encodes the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase large subunit, as a competent biomarker evaluated by genetic analysis to selectively and efficie ... | 2014 | 24185846 |
| higher water temperature and incubation under aerobic and microaerobic conditions increase the recovery and diversity of arcobacter spp. from shellfish. | some arcobacter species are considered emerging food-borne and waterborne pathogens, and shellfish have been suggested as one of their reservoirs. however, only a few studies have investigated the presence of arcobacter in this kind of food. this study assesses the prevalence and diversity of arcobacter spp. in shellfish by multiplex pcr (m-pcr) and culturing methods (under different atmospheric conditions) and evaluates the possible influence of environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, ... | 2014 | 24185851 |
| clinical features of candidiasis in patients with inherited interleukin 12 receptor β1 deficiency. | interleukin 12rβ1 (il-12rβ1)-deficient patients are prone to clinical disease caused by mycobacteria, salmonella, and other intramacrophagic pathogens, probably because of impaired interleukin 12-dependent interferon γ production. about 25% of patients also display mucocutaneous candidiasis, probably owing to impaired interleukin 23-dependent interleukin 17 immunity. the clinical features and outcome of candidiasis in these patients have not been described before, to our knowledge. we report her ... | 2013 | 24186907 |
| clinical features of candidiasis in patients with inherited interleukin 12 receptor β1 deficiency. | interleukin 12rβ1 (il-12rβ1)-deficient patients are prone to clinical disease caused by mycobacteria, salmonella, and other intramacrophagic pathogens, probably because of impaired interleukin 12-dependent interferon γ production. about 25% of patients also display mucocutaneous candidiasis, probably owing to impaired interleukin 23-dependent interleukin 17 immunity. the clinical features and outcome of candidiasis in these patients have not been described before, to our knowledge. we report her ... | 2013 | 24186907 |
| environmental determinants of transformation efficiency in helicobacter pylori. | helicobacter pylori uses natural competence and homologous recombination to adapt to the dynamic environment of the stomach mucosa and maintain chronic colonization. although h. pylori competence is constitutive, its rate of transformation is variable, and little is known about factors that influence it. to examine this, we first determined the transformation efficiency of h. pylori strains under low o2 (5% o2, 7.6% co2, 7.6% h2) and high o2 (15% o2, 2.9% co2, 2.9% h2) conditions using dna conta ... | 2014 | 24187089 |
| increased incidence of campylobacter spp. infection and high rates among children, israel. | during 1999-2010, the annual incidence of campylobacter spp. infection in israel increased from 31.04 to 90.99 cases/100,000 population, a yearly increase of 10.24%. children <2 years of age were disproportionally affected; incidence in this age group (356.12 cases/100,000 population) was >26-fold higher than for the 30-<50 age group. | 2013 | 24188185 |
| serine phosphorylation of cortactin is required for maximal host cell invasion by campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni causes acute disease characterized by severe diarrhea containing blood and leukocytes, fever, and abdominal cramping. disease caused by c. jejuni is dependent on numerous bacterial and host factors. c. jejuni invasion of the intestinal epithelial cells is seen in both clinical samples and animal models indicating that host cell invasion is, in part, necessary for disease. c. jejuni utilizes a flagellar type iii secretion system (t3ss) to deliver the campylobacter invasion an ... | 2013 | 24188565 |
| chest pain and diarrhea: a case of campylobacter jejuni-associated myocarditis. | diarrhea and chest pain are common symptoms in patients presenting to the emergency department (ed). however, rarely is a relationship between these two symptoms established in a single patient. | 2014 | 24188611 |
| association between stool enteropathogen quantity and disease in tanzanian children using taqman array cards: a nested case-control study. | etiologic studies of diarrhea are limited by uneven diagnostic methods and frequent asymptomatic detection of enteropathogens. polymerase chain reaction-based stool pathogen quantification may help distinguish clinically significant infections. we performed a nested case-control study of diarrhea in infants from a community-based birth cohort in tanzania. we tested 71 diarrheal samples and pre-diarrheal matched controls with a laboratory-developed taqman array card for 19 enteropathogens. with q ... | 2014 | 24189366 |
| viable but nonculturable bacteria: food safety and public health perspective. | the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state is a unique survival strategy of many bacteria in the environment in response to adverse environmental conditions. vbnc bacteria cannot be cultured on routine microbiological media, but they remain viable and retain virulence. the vbnc bacteria can be resuscitated when provided with appropriate conditions. a good number of bacteria including many human pathogens have been reported to enter the vbnc state. though there have been disputes on the existence ... | 2013 | 24191231 |
| enteric bacterial invasion of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro is dramatically enhanced using a vertical diffusion chamber model. | the interactions of bacterial pathogens with host cells have been investigated extensively using in vitro cell culture methods. however as such cell culture assays are performed under aerobic conditions, these in vitro models may not accurately represent the in vivo environment in which the host-pathogen interactions take place. we have developed an in vitro model of infection that permits the coculture of bacteria and host cells under different medium and gas conditions. the vertical diffusion ... | 2013 | 24192850 |
| lenvardb: database of length-variant protein domains. | protein domains are functionally and structurally independent modules, which add to the functional variety of proteins. this array of functional diversity has been enabled by evolutionary changes, such as amino acid substitutions or insertions or deletions, occurring in these protein domains. length variations (indels) can introduce changes at structural, functional and interaction levels. lenvardb (freely available at http://caps.ncbs.res.in/lenvardb/) traces these length variations, starting f ... | 2013 | 24194591 |
| lenvardb: database of length-variant protein domains. | protein domains are functionally and structurally independent modules, which add to the functional variety of proteins. this array of functional diversity has been enabled by evolutionary changes, such as amino acid substitutions or insertions or deletions, occurring in these protein domains. length variations (indels) can introduce changes at structural, functional and interaction levels. lenvardb (freely available at http://caps.ncbs.res.in/lenvardb/) traces these length variations, starting f ... | 2013 | 24194591 |
| management strategies in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric gastroenteritis. | acute gastroenteritis, characterized by the onset of diarrhea with or without vomiting, continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in mostly resource-constrained nations. although generally a mild and self-limiting disease, gastroenteritis is one of the most common causes of hospitalization and is associated with a substantial disease burden. worldwide, up to 40% of children aged less than 5 years with diarrhea are hospitalized with rotavirus. also, some microorganisms ... | 2013 | 24194646 |
| discrimination of multilocus sequence typing-based campylobacter jejuni subgroups by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | campylobacter jejuni, the most common bacterial pathogen causing gastroenteritis, shows a wide genetic diversity. previously, we demonstrated by the combination of multi locus sequence typing (mlst)-based upgma-clustering and analysis of 16 genetic markers that twelve different c. jejuni subgroups can be distinguished. among these are two prominent subgroups. the first subgroup contains the majority of hyperinvasive strains and is characterized by a dimeric form of the chemotaxis-receptor tlp7(m ... | 2013 | 24195572 |
| multistate outbreak of campylobacter jejuni infections associated with undercooked chicken livers--northeastern united states, 2012. | in october 2012 the vermont department of health (vdh) identified three cases of laboratory-confirmed campylobacter jejuni infection in vermont residents; the isolates had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns. a query of pulsenet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, led to the identification of one additional case each from new hampshire, new york, and vermont that had been reported in the preceding 6 months. an investigation ... | 2013 | 24196663 |
| comparison of characteristics of patients infected by campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter fetus. | a large database of campylobacter isolates precisely identified at the species level was used to compare patients' characteristics. in a multivariate analysis, campylobacter coli was found more often in older patients and in patients having traveled abroad and less often in summertime than campylobacter jejuni. campylobacter fetus infection occurred in much older patients and in hospitalized patients with a systemic disease. | 2014 | 24197884 |
| rapid and reversible responses to ivig in autoimmune neuromuscular diseases suggest mechanisms of action involving competition with functionally important autoantibodies. | intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) is widely used in autoimmune neuromuscular diseases whose pathogenesis is undefined. many different effects of ivig have been demonstrated in vitro, but few studies actually identify the mechanism(s) most important in vivo. doses and treatment intervals are generally chosen empirically. recent studies in guillain-barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy show that some effects of ivig are readily reversible and highly dependent on the ... | 2013 | 24200120 |
| multi-omics approaches to deciphering a hypervirulent strain of campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni clone sa recently emerged as the predominant cause of sheep abortion in the united states and is also associated with foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. a distinct phenotype of this clone is its ability to induce bacteremia and abortion. to facilitate understanding the pathogenesis of this hypervirulent clone, we analyzed a clinical isolate (ia3902) of clone sa using multi-omics approaches. the genome of ia3902 contains a circular chromosome of 1,635,045 bp and a circular ... | 2013 | 24201373 |
| treatment of guillain-barré syndrome. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is an idiopathic postinfectious immune disease that leads to progressive motor weakness due to damage to the myelin sheath. epidemiological studies have linked gbs to infections from campylobacter jejuni, cytomegalovirus, and other pathogens. the syndrome includes multiple subtypes, with the most common being ascending motor weakness. treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange reduces the time for recovery to occur, although some remain disabled. | 2013 | 24202119 |
| novel methods for analysing bacterial tracks reveal persistence in rhodobacter sphaeroides. | tracking bacteria using video microscopy is a powerful experimental approach to probe their motile behaviour. the trajectories obtained contain much information relating to the complex patterns of bacterial motility. however, methods for the quantitative analysis of such data are limited. most swimming bacteria move in approximately straight lines, interspersed with random reorientation phases. it is therefore necessary to segment observed tracks into swimming and reorientation phases to extract ... | 2013 | 24204227 |
| pathogenfinder--distinguishing friend from foe using bacterial whole genome sequence data. | although the majority of bacteria are harmless or even beneficial to their host, others are highly virulent and can cause serious diseases, and even death. due to the constantly decreasing cost of high-throughput sequencing there are now many completely sequenced genomes available from both human pathogenic and innocuous strains. the data can be used to identify gene families that correlate with pathogenicity and to develop tools to predict the pathogenicity of newly sequenced strains, investiga ... | 2013 | 24204795 |
| characterization of the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the viable but non culturable (vbnc) state has been thoroughly studied in bacteria. in contrast, it has received much less attention in other microorganisms. however, it has been suggested that various yeast species occurring in wine may enter in vbnc following sulfite stress.in order to provide conclusive evidences for the existence of a vbnc state in yeast, the ability of saccharomyces cerevisiae to enter into a vbnc state by applying sulfite stress was investigated. viable populations were mo ... | 2013 | 24204887 |
| critical role of a ferritin-like protein in the control of listeria monocytogenes cell envelope structure and stability under β-lactam pressure. | the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes is susceptible to the β-lactam antibiotics penicillin g and ampicillin, and these are the drugs of choice for the treatment of listerial infections. however, these antibiotics exert only a bacteriostatic effect on this bacterium and consequently, l. monocytogenes is regarded as β-lactam tolerant. it is widely accepted that the phenomenon of bacterial tolerance to β-lactams is due to the lack of adequate autolysin activity, but the mechanisms of l. monocy ... | 2013 | 24204978 |
| impact of a single phage and a phage cocktail application in broilers on reduction of campylobacter jejuni and development of resistance. | campylobacteriosis is currently the most frequent foodborne zoonosis in many countries. one main source is poultry. the aim of this study was to enhance the knowledge about the potential of bacteriophages in reducing colonization of broilers with campylobacter , as there are only a few in vivo studies published. commercial broilers were inoculated with 10⁴ cfu/bird of a campylobacter jejuni field strain. groups of 88 birds each were subsequently treated with a single phage or a four-phage cockta ... | 2013 | 24205254 |
| ceg: a database of essential gene clusters. | essential genes are indispensable for the survival of living entities. they are the cornerstones of synthetic biology, and are potential candidate targets for antimicrobial and vaccine design. | 2013 | 24209780 |
| peripheral neuropathy: clinical and electrophysiological considerations. | this article is a primer on the pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of peripheral neuropathy for the radiologist. magnetic resonance neurography has utility in the diagnosis of many focal peripheral nerve lesions. when combined with history, examination, electrophysiology, and laboratory data, future advancements in high-field magnetic resonance neurography may play an increasingly important role in the evaluation of patients with peripheral neuropathy. | 2014 | 24210312 |
| peripheral neuropathy: clinical and electrophysiological considerations. | this article is a primer on the pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of peripheral neuropathy for the radiologist. magnetic resonance neurography has utility in the diagnosis of many focal peripheral nerve lesions. when combined with history, examination, electrophysiology, and laboratory data, future advancements in high-field magnetic resonance neurography may play an increasingly important role in the evaluation of patients with peripheral neuropathy. | 2014 | 24210312 |
| genotypes and antibiotic resistance of canine campylobacter jejuni isolates. | campylobacter jejuni is the most important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. it is a commensal in many wild and domestic animals, including dogs. whereas genotypes of human and chicken c. jejuni isolates have been described in some detail, only little information on canine c. jejuni genotypes is available. to gain more information on genotypes of canine c. jejuni and their zoonotic potential, isolates from routine diagnostics of diarrheic dogs as well as isolates of a prevalence stud ... | 2014 | 24210812 |
| metaproteomics analysis reveals the adaptation process for the chicken gut microbiota. | the animal gastrointestinal tract houses a large microbial community, the gut microbiota, that confers many benefits to its host, such as protection from pathogens and provision of essential metabolites. metagenomic approaches have defined the chicken fecal microbiota in other studies, but here, we wished to assess the correlation between the metagenome and the bacterial proteome in order to better understand the healthy chicken gut microbiota. here, we performed high-throughput sequencing of 16 ... | 2014 | 24212578 |
| use of bacteroidales microbial source tracking to monitor fecal contamination in fresh produce production. | in recent decades, fresh and minimally processed produce items have been associated with an increasing proportion of food-borne illnesses. most pathogens associated with fresh produce are enteric (fecal) in origin, and contamination can occur anywhere along the farm-to-fork chain. microbial source tracking (mst) is a tool developed in the environmental microbiology field to identify and quantify the dominant source(s) of fecal contamination. this study investigated the utility of an mst method b ... | 2014 | 24212583 |
| cumulative epigenetic abnormalities in host genes with viral and microbial infection during initiation and progression of malignant lymphoma/leukemia. | although cancers have been thought to be predominantly driven by acquired genetic changes, it is becoming clear that microenvironment-mediated epigenetic alterations play important roles. aberrant promoter hypermethylation is a prevalent phenomenon in human cancers as well as malignant lymphoma/leukemia. tumor suppressor genes become frequent targets of aberrant hypermethylation in the course of gene-silencing due to the increased and deregulated dna methyltransferases (dnmts). the purpose of th ... | 2011 | 24212629 |
| four-year monitoring of foodborne pathogens in raw milk sold by vending machines in italy. | prevalence data were collected from official microbiological records monitoring four selected foodborne pathogens (salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, and campylobacter jejuni) in raw milk sold by self-service vending machines in seven italian regions (60,907 samples from 1,239 vending machines) from 2008 to 2011. data from samples analyzed by both culture-based and real-time pcr methods were collected in one region. one hundred raw milk consumers in four regions were i ... | 2013 | 24215694 |
| multilocus sequence typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from environmental waters in the mediterranean area. | campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are important animal-related waterborne pathogens that are distributed worldwide. to further understand campylobacter populations in water from the mediterranean area, the genetic diversity of environmental strains was analyzed using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). mlst was also used to determine the potential geographical differences between these bacterial strains and other campylobacters isolated worldwide. the typing study was conducted using 58 ... | 2013 | 24216328 |
| the role of environmental reservoirs in human campylobacteriosis. | campylobacteriosis is infection caused by the bacteria campylobacter spp. and is considered a major public health concern. campylobacter spp. have been identified as one of the most common causative agents of bacterial gastroenteritis. they are typically considered a foodborne pathogen and have been shown to colonise the intestinal mucosa of all food-producing animals. much emphasis has been placed on controlling the foodborne pathway of exposure, particularly within the poultry industry, howeve ... | 2013 | 24217177 |
| molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni human and chicken isolates from two health units. | a study was conducted over a 2-year period in the perth district and wellington-dufferin-guelph health units in ontario, with an objective of using comparative genomic fingerprinting (cgf) with a 40-gene assay (cgf40) to investigate the association between human cases of campylobacteriosis and spatially and temporally related campylobacter isolates from retail chicken. cgf results were available for isolates from 115 human cases and 718 retail chicken samples. these data were combined with cgf r ... | 2014 | 24219173 |
| contrasting immune responses mediate campylobacter jejuni-induced colitis and autoimmunity. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne enteritis that has been linked to the autoimmune neuropathy, guillain barré syndrome (gbs). c57bl/6 interleukin (il)-10(+/+) and congenic il-10(-/-) mice serve as c. jejuni colonization and colitis models, respectively, but a mouse model for gbs is lacking. we demonstrate that il-10(-/-) mice infected with a c. jejuni colitogenic human isolate had significantly upregulated type 1 and 17 but not type 2 cytokines in the colon coincident with inf ... | 2013 | 24220299 |
| contrasting immune responses mediate campylobacter jejuni-induced colitis and autoimmunity. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne enteritis that has been linked to the autoimmune neuropathy, guillain barré syndrome (gbs). c57bl/6 interleukin (il)-10(+/+) and congenic il-10(-/-) mice serve as c. jejuni colonization and colitis models, respectively, but a mouse model for gbs is lacking. we demonstrate that il-10(-/-) mice infected with a c. jejuni colitogenic human isolate had significantly upregulated type 1 and 17 but not type 2 cytokines in the colon coincident with inf ... | 2013 | 24220299 |
| campylobacter jejuni actively invades the amoeba acanthamoeba polyphaga and survives within non digestive vacuoles. | the gram-negative bacterium campylobacter jejuni is able to enter, survive and multiply within the free living amoeba acanthamoeba polyphaga, but the molecular mechanisms behind these events are still unclear. we have studied the uptake and intracellular trafficking of viable and heat killed bacterial cells of the c. jejuni strain 81-176 in a. polyphaga. we found that viable bacteria associated with a substantially higher proportion of acanthamoeba trophozoites than heat killed bacteria. further ... | 2013 | 24223169 |
| common duckweed (lemna minor) is a versatile high-throughput infection model for the burkholderia cepacia complex and other pathogenic bacteria. | members of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) have emerged in recent decades as problematic pulmonary pathogens of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, with severe infections progressing to acute necrotizing pneumonia and sepsis. this study presents evidence that lemna minor (common duckweed) is useful as a plant model for the bcc infectious process, and has potential as a model system for bacterial pathogenesis in general. to investigate the relationship between bcc virulence in duckweed and gall ... | 2013 | 24223216 |
| the transcriptional landscape of campylobacter jejuni under iron replete and iron limited growth conditions. | the genome-wide campylobacter jejuni transcriptional response under iron replete and iron limited conditions was characterized using rna-seq. we have identified 111 novel c. jejuni 5'utrs and mapped 377 co-transcribed genes into 230 transcriptional operons. in contrast to previous microarray results, the c. jejuni iron stimulon is less extensive than previously believed and consists of 77 iron activated genes and 50 iron repressed genes. as anticipated, the iron repressed genes are primarily tho ... | 2013 | 24223952 |
| screening of genes expressed in vivo during interaction between chicken and campylobacter jejuni. | chicken are considered as the most important source of human infection by campylobacter jejuni, which primarily arises from contaminated poultry meats. however, the genes expressed in vivo of the interaction between chicken and c. jejuni have not been screened. in this regard, in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat) was applied to identify expressed genes in vivo during interaction between chicken and c. jejuni, a prevalent foodborne pathogen worldwide. chicken sera were obtained by inoculati ... | 2014 | 24225374 |