Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| epidemiological investigation on the phage type of shigella flexneri 3-a using the phages isolated from shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei. | 1964 | 14340707 | |
| [on the problem of type specificity and duration of usability of fluorescein-labelled antibodies of shigella flexneri type 4a]. | 1965 | 14344210 | |
| salicin-fermenting variant of shigella flexneri serotype 2a. | 1965 | 14345179 | |
| studies on the transfer of lymph node cells. v. transfer of cells incubated in vitro with suspensions of shigella paradysenteriae. | 1955 | 14367819 | |
| antibodies to shigellae in normal human sera; demonstration of components of the group antigen of shigella flexneri as the antigens involved. | 1955 | 14392335 | |
| [antigenic relation between shigella flexneri type 5 and a new escherichia coli o group 129]. | 1955 | 14397674 | |
| [on certain current problems of epidemiology, therapy and prevention of bacillary dysentery. ii. isolation of a rare type of shigella flexneri in czechoslovakia]. | 1960 | 14409630 | |
| [distribution and time of retention of shigella flexneri in the organisms of passively-immunized white mice]. | 1959 | 14411508 | |
| serological identification of shigella flexneri by means of fluorescent antibody. | 1959 | 14413244 | |
| [studies on antigenic variability of shigella flexneri lb]. | 1960 | 14425096 | |
| serotypes of shigella flexneri found in children in mexico city. | 1959 | 14428589 | |
| cadc is the preferential target of a convergent evolution driving enteroinvasive escherichia coli toward a lysine decarboxylase-defective phenotype. | enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec), like shigella, is the etiological agent of bacillary dysentery, a particularly severe syndrome in children in developing countries. all eiec strains share with shigella the inability to synthesize lysine decarboxylase (the ldc phenotype). the lack of this function is considered a pathoadaptive mutation whose emergence was necessary to obtain the full expression of invasiveness. cadaverine, the product of lysine decarboxylation, is a small polyamine which interferes ... | 2003 | 14500464 |
| icsa, a polarly localized autotransporter with an atypical signal peptide, uses the sec apparatus for secretion, although the sec apparatus is circumferentially distributed. | asymmetric localization of proteins is essential to many biological functions of bacteria. shigella icsa, an outer membrane protein, is localized to the old pole of the bacillus, where it mediates assembly of a polarized actin tail during infection of mammalian cells. actin tail assembly provides the propulsive force for intracellular movement and intercellular dissemination. localization of icsa to the pole is independent of the amino-terminal signal peptide (charles, m., perez, m., kobil, j.h. ... | 2003 | 14507362 |
| [integrons and antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes in shigella flexneri strains ]. | the resistance of shigella flexneri to antimicrobial agents can be associated to the presence of integrons that may contain and express antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes. | 2003 | 14513692 |
| [intercontinental spread of a trimethoprim-resistant strain of shigella flexneri]. | in this study we characterize a trimethoprim-resistant strain of shigella flexneri recovered from stool samples of an international traveler after a trip to kenya, and analyze its epidemiological relationship with a set of strains having similar characteristics from tanzania. | 2003 | 14525704 |
| the shia protein encoded by the shigella flexneri shi-2 pathogenicity island attenuates inflammation. | shigella spp. are the aetiologic agents of dysentery, a severe diarrhoeal syndrome characterized by acute inflammation in the colon. the inflammatory response, which includes recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn), damages the colonic mucosa and exacerbates the infection. shigella encodes a pathogenicity island (pai), shi-2, which is localized in a region of the chromosome linked to the induction of inflammation. surprisingly, shi-2 deletion mutants induce a stronger inflammatory resp ... | 2003 | 14531895 |
| abl tyrosine kinases are required for infection by shigella flexneri. | infection by the opportunistic bacterial pathogen shigella flexneri stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of host cell proteins, but the kinases involved and their effects on the regulation of cell signaling pathways during bacterial entry remain largely undefined. here, we demonstrate a requirement for the abl family of tyrosine kinases during shigella internalization. family members abl and arg are catalytically activated upon shigella infection, accumulate at the site of bacterial entry, and ar ... | 2003 | 14532119 |
| antimicrobial activity of some 2- and 3-pyridinyl-1h-benzimidazoles and their feiii, cuii, znii, and agi complexes. | 2-(2-pyridinyl)- (li), 2-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)- (lii), 2-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-5-methyl-(liii), 2-(3-pyridinyl)- (liv), 2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-methyl-1h-benzimidazoles (lv) and their complexes with fe(no3)3, cu(no3)2, zn(no3)2, and agno3 were synthesized and antibacterial activity of the compounds was tested toward staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, proteus mirabilis and antifungal ... | 2003 | 14533478 |
| species distribution and antibiotic resistance of shigella isolates in an urban community in malaysia. | there is an increasing trend for shigella isolates worldwide to be resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. the species distribution and antibiotic resistance of shigella species isolated from children in kuala lumpur, malaysia from 1978 to 1997 was reviewed. three hundred and eighty six isolates were positive for shigella species, representing 1.4% (95% ci: 1.3%-1.6%) of the 26320 total stool specimens and 13% (95% ci: 11.8%-14.2%) of 2986 isolates positive for bacterial pathogens. shigell ... | 2003 | 14569747 |
| comparison of two major forms of the shigella virulence plasmid pinv: positive selection is a major force driving the divergence. | all shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) strains carry a 230-kb virulence plasmid (pinv) which is essential for their invasiveness. there are two sequence forms, pinv a and pinv b, of the plasmid (r. lan, b. lumb, d. ryan, and p. r. reeves, infect. immun. 69:6303-6309, 2001), and the recently sequenced pinv plasmid from shigella flexneri serotype 5 is a pinv b form. in this study we sequenced the majority of the coding region of the pinv a form from s. flexneri serotype 6 other th ... | 2003 | 14573649 |
| mycobacterium marinum escapes from phagosomes and is propelled by actin-based motility. | mycobacteria are responsible for a number of human and animal diseases and are classical intracellular pathogens, living inside macrophages rather than as free-living organisms during infection. numerous intracellular pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri, and rickettsia rickettsii, exploit the host cytoskeleton by using actin-based motility for cell to cell spread during infection. here we show that mycobacterium marinum, a natural pathogen of fish and frogs and an occa ... | 2003 | 14597736 |
| fitness cost of the green fluorescent protein in gastrointestinal bacteria. | there are surprisingly few studies that have successfully used the green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a quantitative reporter in selection experiments screening for inducible bacterial promoters. one explanation is that gfp expression may confer a fitness cost for bacteria. to test this possibility, we monitored the doubling time in enteric bacteria expressing gfp. four bacterial species, escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhi, and vibrio cholerae, were ... | 2003 | 14608419 |
| shigella flexneri sepsis in an infant. | shigellosis continues to be an important public health problem in developed countries, since communication in the world village has become more frequent. in addition, this disease is difficult to be prevented because only a small number of bacteria are required to cause infection, and it has exhibited steady trends towards multiple drug resistance. this report describes a 7-month-old female infant with shigella flexneri sepsis presenting initially with a high fever, watery diarrhea, and dehydrat ... | 2003 | 14609044 |
| [co-expression of cfa/i and cs6 of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli ( etec ) in shigella flexneri 2a t32 derivative strain fwl01]. | among the known colonization factors of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), cfa/i and cs6 (the common antigen in the cfa/iv fimbrial antigens ) are two of the most prevalent fimbriae found in clinical isolates but are never expressed by the same wild-type strains. in this study, cfa/i and cs6 of etec were co-expressed in shigella flexneri 2a t32 derivative strain fwl01 by using a host-plasmid lethal balancing system based on asd gene. the results indicate that the recombinant plasmid carryi ... | 2003 | 14614538 |
| cold shock induction of rnase r and its role in the maturation of the quality control mediator ssra/tmrna. | in this paper we show that rnase r is a cold shock protein that is induced seven- to eightfold by cold shock and that its expression is tightly regulated by temperature. transcriptional studies reveal that the rnr gene is co-transcribed with flanking genes as an operon induced under cold shock. the induction of rnase r levels is mainly a result of the stabilization of the rnr transcripts. the transient stability of the rnr transcripts is shown to be regulated by pnpase at the end of the acclimat ... | 2003 | 14622421 |
| analysis of virulence and inflammatory potential of shigella flexneri purine biosynthesis mutants. | several shigella flexneri mutants with defects in aromatic amino acid and/or purine biosynthesis have been evaluated as vaccines in humans or in animal models. to be suitable as a vaccine, a mutant has to show virulence attenuation, minimal reactogenicity, and a good immunogenic potential in animal models. with this aim, we have constructed five s. flexneri 5 (wild-type strain m90t) mutants with inactivation of one or two of the loci purek, purhd, and guaba, governing early or late steps of puri ... | 2003 | 14638790 |
| characterization of an extracellular virulence factor made by group a streptococcus with homology to the listeria monocytogenes internalin family of proteins. | leucine-rich repeats (lrr) characterize a diverse array of proteins and function to provide a versatile framework for protein-protein interactions. importantly, each of the bacterial lrr proteins that have been well described, including those of listeria monocytogenes, yersinia pestis, and shigella flexneri, have been implicated in virulence. here we describe an 87.4-kda group a streptococcus (gas) protein (designated slr, for streptococcal leucine-rich) containing 10 1/2 sequential units of a 2 ... | 2003 | 14638794 |
| epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of acute diarrhea with emphasis on entamoeba histolytica infections in preschool children in an urban slum of dhaka, bangladesh. | the epidemiology, clinical features, nutritional status, and causative agents of diarrhea were studied in 289 bangladeshi children (147 boys and 142 girls) 2-5 years old. the use of improved diagnostic tests for amebiasis enabled for the first time analysis of the contribution of entamoeba histolytica to total diarrheal illness in this community setting. the average incidence rate of diarrhea was 1.8/child-year, and the average number of diarrheal days was 3.7 days/child-year over an average obs ... | 2003 | 14640500 |
| identification and characterization of simple sequence repeats in the genomes of shigella species. | a variety of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) have been identified in the genome of shigella flexneri serotype 2a (strain sf301), an enteric pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery in man. the distribution of ssrs, with unit length ranging from 1 to 9 nucleotides, was biased in different regions of the genome. the tri-, tetra- and hexanucleotide ssrs prevailed in the coding regions while the mono- and dinucleotide ssrs were more common in the noncoding regions. many intergenic ssrs are less than ... | 2003 | 14644500 |
| structural basis of peptide-carbohydrate mimicry in an antibody-combining site. | the structure of a complex between the fab fragment of the antibody (sya/j6) specific for the cell surface o-antigen polysaccharide of the pathogen shigella flexneri y and an octapeptide (met-asp-trp-asn-met-his-ala-ala), a functional mimic of the o-antigen, has been determined at 1.8-a resolution. comparison of the structure with that of the complex with the pentasaccharide antigen [-->2)-alpha-l-rha-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rha-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rha-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcnac-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rha-(1-->] reveal ... | 2003 | 14645714 |
| identification of alka gene related to virulence of shigella flexneri 2a by mutational analysis. | in vivo induced genes are thought to play an important role during infection of host. alka was identified as an in vivo-induced gene by in vivo expression technology (ivet), but its virulence in shigella flexneri was not reported. the purpose of this study was to identify the role of alka gene in the pathogenesis of s. flexneri. | 2003 | 14669321 |
| multiple drug resistant strains of shigella isolated in jos, central nigeria. | the objective of this study is to highlight the alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance among shigella species in jos, plateau state. stool samples of eight hundred and ten patients who presented at the jos university teaching hospital with diarrhoea/dysentery were analysed using standard bacteriological techniques. the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were determined. 25 shigella species were isolated representing 3.1% isolation rate. the male to female ratio is 1.3:1, children ag ... | 2003 | 14692056 |
| saturation-transfer difference nmr studies for the epitope mapping of a carbohydrate-mimetic peptide recognized by an anti-carbohydrate antibody. | saturation-transfer difference nmr spectroscopy (std-nmr) experiments have been performed to analyze the topography or epitope of the octapeptide mdwnmhaa recognized by the anti-carbohydrate antibody sya/j6 in solution; the antibody is directed against the shigella flexneri y o-antigen polysaccharide. the results permit a valuable comparison of solution versus crystal-structure data, and provide insight for the design of the next-generation binding ligands. | 2004 | 14697795 |
| survival and growth of acid-adapted and unadapted shigella flexneri in a traditional fermented ghanaian weaning food as affected by fortification with cowpea. | shigellae are among the major causes of diarrheal diseases in infants and young children in developing countries. we conducted a study to determine the effect of fermentation of corn and corn/cowpea doughs used to prepare a traditional weaning porridge on the survival and growth characteristics of acid-adapted and unadapted shigella flexneri. porridges were prepared from doughs fermented for 0, 24, and 48 h at 30 degrees c. four-strain mixtures of acid-adapted and unadapted s. flexneri cells wer ... | 2004 | 14698100 |
| evidence for polar positional information independent of cell division and nucleoid occlusion. | we present evidence that, in escherichia coli, polar positional information is present at midcell independent of known cell division factors. in filamented cells, icsa, which is normally polar, localizes at or near potential cell division sites. because the cell pole is derived from the septum, the sites to which icsa localizes in filaments correspond to future poles. icsa localization to these sites is independent of ftsz, mincde, septation, and nucleoid occlusion, indicating that positional in ... | 2004 | 14715903 |
| simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and shigella in apple cider and produce by a multiplex pcr. | with three pairs of primers, a multiplex pcr assay was established for the simultaneous detection of escherichia coli 0157:h7, salmonella, and shigella. under the optimized conditions, the assay yielded a 252-bp product from e. coli o157:h7, a 429-bp product from salmonella typhimurium, and a 620-bp product from shigella flexneri, respectively. when the dna extraction of multiple target organisms was included in the same reaction, two or three corresponding amplicons of different sizes were obse ... | 2004 | 14717347 |
| regulation of icsp, the outer membrane protease of the shigella actin tail assembly protein icsa, by virulence plasmid regulators virf and virb. | the shigella outer membrane protease icsp removes the actin assembly protein icsa from the bacterial surface, and consequently modulates shigella actin-based motility and cell-to-cell spread. here, we demonstrate that icsp expression is undetectable in mutants lacking either of two transcriptional activators, virf and virb. in wild-type shigella spp., virb expression is entirely dependent on virf; therefore, to circumvent this regulatory cascade, we independently expressed virf or virb in shigel ... | 2004 | 14729695 |
| analysis of the lambdoid prophage element e14 in the e. coli k-12 genome. | many sequenced bacterial genomes harbor phage-like elements or cryptic prophages. these elements have been implicated in pathogenesis, serotype conversion and phage immunity. the e14 element is a defective lambdoid prophage element present at 25 min in the e. coli k-12 genome. this prophage encodes important functional genes such as lit (t4 exclusion), mcra (modified cytosine restriction activity) and pin (recombinase). | 2004 | 14733619 |
| picu, a second serine protease autotransporter of uropathogenic escherichia coli. | escherichia coli is the major aetiological agent of urinary tract infections (uti). like diarrhoeagenic strains of e. coli, uropathogenic isolates possess virulence determinants that distinguish them from commensal strains and allow them to produce the clinical manifestations associated with uti. several autotransporter proteins have been associated with the ability of e. coli, and other gram-negative bacteria, to cause disease. recently, we described the existence within uropathogenic e. coli ( ... | 2004 | 14734168 |
| high levels of igg class antibodies to recombinant hsp60 kda of yersinia enterocolitica in sera of patients with uveitis. | to determine the levels of igg class antibodies to recombinant heat shock protein 60 kda of yersinia enterocolitica (rhsp60ye), klebsiella pneumoniae (rhsp60kp), escherichia coli (rhsp60ec), shigella flexneri (rhsp60sf), and streptococcus pyogenes (rhsp60sp) in the serum of patients with hla-b27 associated acute anterior uveitis (hla-b27 associated aau), idiopathic acute anterior uveitis (idiopathic aau), pars planitis, vogt-koyanagi-harada (vkh), and healthy subjects. | 2004 | 14736785 |
| two studies evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of a live, attenuated shigella flexneri 2a vaccine (sc602) and excretion of vaccine organisms in north american volunteers. | we report the first community-based evaluation of shigella flexneri 2a strain sc602, a live, oral vaccine strain attenuated by deletion of the icsa (virg) plasmid virulence gene, given at 10(4) cfu. the primary objectives of this trial were to determine the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine and to determine the duration of colonization. four of 34 volunteers experienced transient fevers, and three reported diarrhea during the first 3 days of the study. half of the volunteers mounted a pos ... | 2004 | 14742537 |
| studies in bacillary dysentery. ii. antibody formation in macacus rhesus monkeys after the oral ingestion of living and formalin-killed cultures of shigella paradysenteriae. | 1950 | 14774538 | |
| field trial of "shigella flexneri iii" vaccine. | 1950 | 14782322 | |
| the isolation of three "shigella paradysenteriae" serotypes from one patient. | 1950 | 14782323 | |
| [comparative study of forms of the dysentery bacillus called type f in the german nomenclature and certain american and british shigella strains; with a note on dissociation in the flexner group]. | 1950 | 14789074 | |
| vulvovaginitis in a child due to shigella flexneri. | 1950 | 14792046 | |
| the group phase of shigella paradysenteriae type w: its isolation from man. | 1950 | 14794900 | |
| [electron microscope studies of salmonella typhi and shigella flexneri before and after the action of penicillin and aureomycin]. | 1950 | 14797094 | |
| [two unusual serotypes of shigella paradysenteriae]. | 1950 | 14806563 | |
| [fractional antigens i/iii in shigella paradysenteriae (flexner)]. | 1950 | 14815313 | |
| [shigella paradysenteriae flexneri type i-iii infection in the laboratory (effect of polyvalent bacteriophage on dissociation of shigella)]. | 1950 | 14815319 | |
| [slackening of adsorption on bacteria and blocking of the synthesis of bacteriophages by certain phosphate concentrations]. | 1951 | 14829891 | |
| field trial of shigella flexneri iii vaccine. vi. mouse protective studies. | 1951 | 14832473 | |
| [salmonella antigens in flexner ii bacillus]. | 1949 | 14842780 | |
| the x strain of sh. paradysenteriae (flexner)- a correction. | 1950 | 14846646 | |
| field trial of shigella flexneri iii vaccine. vii. studies on asymptomatic carriers of the organism. | 1951 | 14873950 | |
| [case of ocular infection from shigella flexneri]. | 1951 | 14878270 | |
| biochemical behaviours of shigella flexneri type 4. | 1950 | 14880337 | |
| [serology of the flexner group (shigella flexneri)]. | 1951 | 14884666 | |
| antigenic structure of shigella flexneri type 3. | 1951 | 14888373 | |
| on the distribution of shigella flexneri type 2a and 2b in japan. | 1951 | 14888375 | |
| antigenic structure of shigella flexneri type 4. | 1951 | 14888376 | |
| epidemiology of a human case of bacillary dysentery due to infection by shigella flexneri 103 z. | 1952 | 14896060 | |
| a late mannitol-fermenting strain and rapidly fermenting variant of shigella flexneri type z. | 1951 | 14897920 | |
| a study of shigella flexneri, sh. boydii and sh. sonnei by precipitation and agglutination reactions. | 1951 | 14908037 | |
| [case of bacillary dysentery due to shigella flexneri]. | 1951 | 14916003 | |
| [changes of the antigen structure during the dissociation in shigella flexneri type 3 (h)]. | 1952 | 14959211 | |
| blockwise approach to fragments of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella flexneri serotype 2a: convergent synthesis of a decasaccharide representative of a dimer of the branched repeating unit. | the d'a'b'(e')c'dab(e)c decasaccharide representative of a dimer of a frame-shifted pentasaccharide repeating unit of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella flexneri 2a was synthesized as its methyl glycoside by condensing a pentasaccharide donor (d'a'b'(e')c') and a pentasaccharide acceptor (dab(e)c-ome). several convergent routes to these two building blocks, involving either the ab linkage or the bc linkage as the disconnection site, were evaluated in comparison to the linear strategy. the ... | 2004 | 14961653 |
| identification and functional characterization of the lactococcus lactis rfb operon, required for dtdp-rhamnose biosynthesis. | dtdp-rhamnose is an important precursor of cell wall polysaccharides and rhamnose-containing exopolysaccharides (eps) in lactococcus lactis. we cloned the rfbacbd operon from l. lactis mg1363, which comprises four genes involved in dtdp-rhamnose biosynthesis. when expressed in escherichia coli, the lactococcal rfbacbd genes could sustain heterologous production of the shigella flexneri o antigen, providing evidence of their functionality. overproduction of the rfbac proteins in l. lactis resulte ... | 2004 | 14973085 |
| shigella flexneri infection: pathogenesis and vaccine development. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacterium which causes the most communicable of bacterial dysenteries, shigellosis. shigellosis causes 1.1 million deaths and over 164 million cases each year, with the majority of cases occurring in the children of developing nations. the pathogenesis of s. flexneri is based on the bacteria's ability to invade and replicate within the colonic epithelium, which results in severe inflammation and epithelial destruction. the molecular mechanisms used by s. flex ... | 2004 | 14975529 |
| identification and molecular characterization of eata, an autotransporter protein of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains remain a formidable cause of diarrheal disease. to identify novel surface proteins of etec, we performed tnphoa mutagenesis of prototype etec strain h10407 and discovered a secreted protein not previously recognized in etec. dna sequencing of the interrupted locus in mutant tnphoa.977 revealed a candidate 4,095-bp open reading frame without significant homology to commensal e. coli k-12 genomic dna. translation of this sequence revealed that it enc ... | 2004 | 14977988 |
| variability of shigella flexneri serotypes in israel during a period of two years: 2000 and 2001. | during a period of 2 years (2000 and 2001) 996 shigella flexneri strains from sporadic cases in israel were sent to the national shigella reference centre (nsrc) by hospital and outpatient clinics. the most common serotypes were 2a, 6 and 1b, accounting for 88.4% of all isolates. they were investigated according to the monthly distribution of the strains, and the age and sex of the patients. the severity of the disease was assessed by a hospital/outpatient distribution (h/od) of the isolates, ba ... | 2004 | 14979589 |
| role of attp in integrase-mediated integration of the shigella resistance locus pathogenicity island of shigella flexneri. | the shigella resistance locus (srl) pathogenicity island (pai) in shigella spp. mediates resistance to streptomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. it can be excised from the chromosome via site-specific recombination mediated by the p4-related int gene. here, we show that srl pai attp is capable of reca-independent, site-specific, int-mediated integration into two bacterial trna attb sites. | 2004 | 14982801 |
| campylobacter jejuni infection of differentiated thp-1 macrophages results in interleukin 1 beta release and caspase-1-independent apoptosis. | apoptosis induction of host macrophages has emerged as a common virulence mechanism among bacterial pathogens. infection with campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and is characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the small intestine. the authors used the human monocytic cell line thp-1 to examine apoptosis induction and pro-inflammatory cytokine production during c. jejuni infection. flow cytometric analysis revealed that 48 h after inoculation, a c. jejun ... | 2004 | 14993305 |
| occurrence of inhibitory compounds in spent growth media that interfere with acid-tolerance mechanisms of enteric pathogens. | understanding the acid-tolerance ability of enteric human pathogens is critical in determining microbial food safety and the associated risk. we have discovered naturally occurring compounds in the spent growth media, which inhibit the acid-tolerance ability of several enteric human pathogens when challenged at ph 3.0 for 2 h at 37 degrees c. the compounds were detected in the spent growth media obtained from escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., and vibrio cholera, but not from shigella fl ... | 2004 | 14996461 |
| neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. | neutrophils engulf and kill bacteria when their antimicrobial granules fuse with the phagosome. here, we describe that, upon activation, neutrophils release granule proteins and chromatin that together form extracellular fibers that bind gram-positive and -negative bacteria. these neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) degrade virulence factors and kill bacteria. nets are abundant in vivo in experimental dysentery and spontaneous human appendicitis, two examples of acute inflammation. nets appear ... | 2004 | 15001782 |
| shigella interactions with the actin cytoskeleton in the absence of ena/vasp family proteins. | shigella move through the cytosol of infected cells by assembly of a propulsive actin tail at one end of the bacterium. vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (vasp), a member of the ena/vasp family of proteins, is important in cellular actin dynamics and is present on intracellular shigella. vasp binds both profilin, an actin monomer-binding protein, and vinculin, a component of intercellular contacts that also binds the shigella actin assembly protein icsa. it has been postulated that vasp migh ... | 2004 | 15009027 |
| neuromodulation of experimental shigella infection reduces damage to the gut mucosa. | bacillary dysentery arises when shigella invades the colonic and rectal mucosae of the human gut and elicits a strong inflammatory response, which may lead to life-threatening complications. hence, downregulation of the host inflammatory response is an appealing therapeutical alternative. the gastrointestinal tract is densely innervated, and nerve endings are often found in the vicinity of leukocytes. we have assessed the impact of experimental shigella infection on levels of neuropeptides in th ... | 2004 | 15026012 |
| topological analysis of glucosyltransferase gtrv of shigella flexneri by a dual reporter system and identification of a unique reentrant loop. | lipopolysaccharide, particularly the o-antigen component, is one of many virulence determinants necessary for shigella flexneri pathogenesis. o-antigen modification is mediated by glucosyltransferase genes (gtr) encoded by temperate serotype-converting bacteriophages. the gtrv gene encodes the gtrv glucosyltransferase, an integral membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of a glucosyl residue via an alpha1,3 linkage to rhamnose ii of the o-antigen unit. this mediates conversion of s. flexner ... | 2004 | 15028730 |
| synthesis of some new 6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carbohydrazide derivatives and their antimicrobial activities. | in this study, 14 new compounds having 6-methyl-n2-(alkylidene/cycloalkylidene)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carbohydrazide (3a-g), 3-[[(6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-yl)carbonyl]amino]-4-thiazolidinone (4a-d) and 4-[[(6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-yl)carbonyl]amino]-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.4]nonan/[4.5]decan-3-one (4e-g) structures were synthesized. the structures of the compounds were elucidated by uv, ir, 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, 1h-13c-cosy, mass spectra and elemental analysis. all compounds synthesize ... | 2004 | 15038463 |
| the probiotic escherichia coli strain nissle 1917 interferes with invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells by different enteroinvasive bacterial pathogens. | the probiotic escherichia coli strain nissle 1917 (mutaflor) of serotype o6:k5:h1 was reported to protect gnotobiotic piglets from infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. an important virulence property of salmonella is invasion of host epithelial cells. therefore, we tested for interference of e. coli strain nissle 1917 with salmonella invasion of int407 cells. simultaneous administration of e. coli strain nissle 1917 and salmonella resulted in up to 70% reduction of salmonella ... | 2004 | 15039098 |
| antibacterial effects of carica papaya fruit on common wound organisms. | the purpose of the study was to investigate antibacterial activity of ripe and unripe carica papaya on selected micro-organisms. cultures of micro-organisms were routinely maintained in nutrient agar slants at 4 degrees c. extracts of immature, mature and ripe carica papaya fruit were obtained by separately grinding factions of the epicarp, endocarp and seeds and filtering them through gauze. sensitivity tests were conducted by adding 0.06 ml of extract to agar wells (6 mm diameter) prepared fro ... | 2003 | 15040064 |
| molecular epidemiology of shigella flexneri in a diarrhoea-endemic area of lima, peru. | a year-long community-based study of diarrhoeal diseases was conducted in canto grande, a periurban community in lima, peru. in 109 (34%) houses out of 323 that were visited, at least one individual was detected with shigellosis. the frequency of the 161 shigella isolates obtained was as follows: 117 s. flexneri (73%), 21 s. boydii (13%), 15 s. dysenteriae (9%), and 8 s. sonnei (5%). using a non-radioactive ipah gene probe as a molecular epidemiological tool, a total of 41 s. flexneri strains we ... | 2004 | 15061506 |
| a dna adenine methylase mutant of shigella flexneri shows no significant attenuation of virulence. | mutants of salmonella defective in dna adenine methylase (dam) have been reported to be attenuated for virulence and to provide protective immunity when used as vaccine strains. to determine whether these observations could be extended to shigella, a dam mutant of shigella flexneri 2a was characterized and examined for the role of dam in pathogenesis. the shigella dam mutant showed some unique characteristics; however, it retained virulence in vivo as well as in vitro. the mutant invaded culture ... | 2004 | 15073316 |
| the role of the shigella flexneri yihe gene in lps synthesis and virulence. | previously, the authors have shown that inactivation of shigella flexneri yihe, a gene of unknown function upstream of dsba, which encodes a periplasmic disulphide catalyst, results in a global change of gene expression. among the severely down-regulated genes are galetkm, suggesting that the yihe mutant, sh54, may inefficiently produce the udp-glucose and udp-galactose required for lps synthesis. this paper demonstrates that lps synthesis in sh54 is impaired. as a result, sh54 is unable to poly ... | 2004 | 15073317 |
| structure of spa15, a type iii secretion chaperone from shigella flexneri with broad specificity. | type iii secretion (tts) systems are used by many gram-negative pathogens to inject virulence proteins into the cells of their hosts. several of these virulence effectors require tts chaperones that maintain them in a secretion-competent state. whereas most chaperones bind only one effector, spa15 from the human pathogen shigella flexneri and homologous chaperones bind several seemingly unrelated effectors, and were proposed to form a special subgroup. its 1.8 a crystal structure confirms this s ... | 2004 | 15088068 |
| inactivation of bacteria in sewage sludge by gamma radiation. | the survival of certain bacterial cultures suspended in sewage sludge and exposed to gamma-radiation was studied. the inactivation patterns of most of the organisms were significantly different when irradiation was performed using sewage samples collected in the summer and monsoon seasons. the summer sample collected from the anaerobic digestor afforded significant protection to both gram negative and gram positive organisms. this was evident by the increase in dose required to bring about a 6 l ... | 1987 | 15092791 |
| trends in population-based active surveillance for shigellosis and demographic variability in foodnet sites, 1996-1999. | shigella is a common cause of diarrhea in the united states, and accurate surveillance is needed to determine the burden of illness that they cause. active surveillance for culture-confirmed shigella infection was done as part of the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet). a total of 4317 cases of shigellosis were reported during 1996-1999 in the original foodnet surveillance areas. the average annual incidence was 7.4 cases/100,000 population. the incidence was similar during ... | 2004 | 15095187 |
| synergistic action of photosensitizers and normal human serum in a bactericidal process. i. effect of chlorophylls. | susceptibility of some gram-negative strains against the bactericidal action of normal human serum (nhs) and of chlorophyll, which induces production of reactive oxygen species by light, was studied. a synergistic bactericidal activity of nhs and chlorophyll against e. coli k1 and shigella flexneri strains was observed. | 2003 | 15095924 |
| intranasal immunization with multivalent group a streptococcal vaccines protects mice against intranasal challenge infections. | we have previously shown that a hexavalent group a streptococcal m protein-based vaccine evoked bactericidal antibodies after intramuscular injection. in the present study, we show that the hexavalent vaccine formulated with several different mucosal adjuvants and delivered intranasally induced serum and salivary antibodies that protected mice from intranasal challenge infections with virulent group a streptococci. the hexavalent vaccine was formulated with liposomes with or without monophosphor ... | 2004 | 15102757 |
| stereotypic and specific elements of the human colonic response to entamoeba histolytica and shigella flexneri. | the clinical presentations of bacillary dysentery caused by shigella, and amoebic dysentery caused by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, can be indistinguishable, with both organisms causing colonic mucosal damage and ulceration. however, the two organisms are quite distinct, and have very different pathogenic mechanisms. this raises the fundamental question of whether the similar clinical manifestations reflect a stereotypic response of the human gut to mucosal injury, or whether the ... | 2004 | 15104595 |
| comparative analysis of transcriptional regulatory elements of glutamate-dependent acid-resistance systems of shigella flexneri and escherichia coli o157:h7. | the ability to withstand an acid-challenge of ph 2.5 or less by shigella flexneri is a necessary trait for virulence and is generally believed to be restricted to the stationary-phase of growth. earlier reports indicated the glutamate-dependent acid-resistance (gdar) system of s. flexneri is under the regulation of rpos, the gene encoding alternative sigma factor that is induced in the stationary-growth phase. the present study reports that unlike escherichia coli o157:h7, s. flexneri cells when ... | 2004 | 15109732 |
| in vitro adhesion and invasion inhibition of shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei clinical strains by human milk proteins. | shigella is the etiological agent of shigellosis, a disease responsible for more than 500,000 deaths of children per year, in developing countries. these pathogens colonize the intestinal colon, invade, spreading to the other enterocytes. breastfeeding plays a very important role in protecting infants from intestinal infections. amongst milk compounds, glycosylated proteins prevent the adhesion of many enteropathogens in vitro. the aim of this work was to determine the effect of human milk prote ... | 2004 | 15115555 |
| microbial-gut interactions in health and disease. epithelial cell responses. | pathogenic bacteria use many strategies to secure their survival within the host. enteropathogens exploit intestinal epithelial cells in many ways, including the manipulation of normal cellular functioning, or of cellular structural components, or by the induction of signalling pathways, such as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. however, the enterocyte warns the host of impending danger and, in turn, elicits a protective response. pathogens are detected by epithelial cells owing to t ... | 2004 | 15123076 |
| crystal structure of the oxidized form of the periplasmic mercury-binding protein merp from ralstonia metallidurans ch34. | in ralstonia metallidurans ch34, the gene merp encodes for a periplasmic mercury-binding protein which is capable of binding one mercury atom. the metal-binding site of merp consists of the highly conserved sequence gmtcxxc found in the family that includes metallochaperones and metal-transporting atpases. we purified merp from r.metallidurans ch34 and solved its crystal structure under the oxidized form at 2.0a resolution. superposition with structures of other metal-binding proteins shows that ... | 2004 | 15123428 |
| branching sites and morphological abnormalities behave as ectopic poles in shape-defective escherichia coli. | certain mutants in escherichia coli lacking multiple penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) produce misshapen cells containing kinks, bends and branches. these deformed regions exhibit two structural characteristics of normal cell poles: the peptidoglycan is inert to dilution by new synthesis or turnover, and a similarly stable patch of outer membrane caps the sites. to test the premise that these aberrant sites represent biochemically functional but misplaced cell poles, we assessed the intracellul ... | 2004 | 15130123 |
| detection of shigella by a pcr assay targeting the ipah gene suggests increased prevalence of shigellosis in nha trang, vietnam. | shigella spp. are exquisitely fastidious gram-negative organisms which frequently escape detection by traditional culture methods. to get a more complete understanding of the disease burden caused by shigella in nha trang, vietnam, real-time pcr was used to detect shigella dna. randomly selected rectal swab specimens from 60 shigella culture-positive patients and 500 shigella culture-negative patients detected by population-based surveillance of patients seeking care for diarrhea were processed ... | 2004 | 15131166 |
| the chromosome of shigella flexneri bacteriophage sf6: complete nucleotide sequence, genetic mosaicism, and dna packaging. | shigella flexneri temperate bacteriophage sf6 is of interest in part because its prophage expresses the oac gene that alters the antigenic properties of the surface o-antigen polysaccharide of its host bacterium. we have determined the complete sequence of its 39,044 bp genome. the sequence shows that sf6 is a member of the canonical lambdoid phage group, and like other phages of this type has a highly mosaic genome. it has chromosomal regions that encode proteins >80% identical with at least 15 ... | 2004 | 15136040 |
| preparation of synthetic glycoconjugates as potential vaccines against shigella flexneri serotype 2a disease. | the synthesis of three neoglycopeptides incorporating carbohydrate haptens, differing in length, covalently linked to a non natural universal t helper peptide is disclosed. they were synthesized according to a blockwise strategy based on the condensation of appropriate di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharide trichloroacetimidate donors onto an azidoethyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxybeta-d-glucopyranoside acceptor. use of thiol-maleimide coupling chemistry allowed site-selective efficient conjugation. | 2004 | 15136809 |
| sensitization of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to jenseniin g by sublethal injury. | jenseniin g, a bacteriocin produced by propionibacterium thoenii p126, is active against related propionibacteria and some lactic acid bacteria and is sporostatic to botulinal spores. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sublethal stress on jenseniin g activity. bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus, and yersinia enterocolitica were subjected to temperature, acid, an ... | 2004 | 15151241 |