Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| neural wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp) is the specific ligand for shigella virg among the wasp family and determines the host cell type allowing actin-based spreading. | shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, is capable of directing its movement within host cells by forming an actin comet tail. the virg (icsa) pro-tein expressed at one pole of the bacterium recruits neural wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp), a member of the wasp family, which in turn stimulates actin-related protein (arp) 2/3 complex-mediated actin polymerization. as all the wasp family proteins induce actin polymerization by recruiting arp2/3 complex, we investigated their ... | 2002 | 11952639 |
| spa15 of shigella flexneri, a third type of chaperone in the type iii secretion pathway. | the type iii secretion (tts) pathway is used by numerous gram-negative pathogens to inject virulence factors into eukaryotic cells. in addition to a functional tts apparatus, secretion of effector proteins depends upon specific chaperones. using a two-hybrid screen in yeast and a co-purification assay in shigella flexneri, we demonstrated that spa15, which is encoded by an operon for components of the tts apparatus, is associated in the cytoplasm with three proteins that are secreted by the tts ... | 2002 | 11952903 |
| regulation of transcription by the activity of the shigella flexneri type iii secretion apparatus. | the virulence plasmid-encoded type iii secretion system of shigella flexneri consists of the mxi-spa secretion apparatus, secreted proteins ipaa-d and ipgd involved in entry of bacteria into epithelial cells,cytoplasmic chaperones ipgc and ipge and 15 other secreted proteins of unknown function, including vira and members of the ipah family. the activity of the mxi-spa apparatus is regulated by external signals, and transcription of vira and ipah genes is specifically induced in conditions of ac ... | 2002 | 11971264 |
| genomic subtraction to identify and characterize sequences of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o91:h21. | to identify shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli genes associated with severe human disease, a genomic subtraction technique was used with hemolytic-uremic syndrome-associated o91:h21 strain ch014 and o6:h10 bovine strains. the method was adapted to the shiga toxin-producing e. coli genome: three rounds of subtraction were used to isolate dna fragments specific to strain ch014. the fragments were characterized by genetic support analysis, sequencing, and hybridization to the genome of a collec ... | 2002 | 11976103 |
| characterization of pecl18 and pkpn2: a proposed pathway for the evolution of two plasmids that carry identical genes for a type ii restriction-modification system. | the primary structures of the plasmids pecl18 (5571 bp) and pkpn2 (4196 bp) from escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively, which carry genes for a type ii restriction-modification system (rms2) with the specificity 5'-ccngg-3', were determined in order to elucidate the structural relationship between them. the data suggest a possible role for recombination events at bom (basis of mobility) regions and the sites of resolution of multimer plasmid forms (so-called cer sequences) in ... | 2002 | 11976960 |
| quantification of shigella icsa required for bacterial actin polymerization. | shigella move through the cytoplasm of host cells by active polymerization of host actin to form an "actin tail." actin tail assembly is mediated by the shigella protein icsa. the process of shigella actin assembly has been studied extensively using icsa-expressing escherichia coli in cytoplasmic extracts of xenopus eggs. however, for reasons that have been unclear, wild type shigella does not assemble actin in these extracts. we show that the defect in actin assembly in xenopus extracts by shig ... | 2002 | 11977093 |
| cytotoxicity and interleukin-1beta processing following shigella flexneri infection of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. | shigella flexneri infection of macrophages (mphi) leads to activation of caspase-1 by the ipab virulence factor, which induces rapid cell death and release of mature il-1beta. here we show that s. flexneri infection of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dc) also results in rapid ipab-dependent death. cytotoxicity is only partially blocked by the caspase-1 inhibitor yvad, but completely blocked by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-vad. cytotoxicity is also partially blocked by glycine without affe ... | 2002 | 11981835 |
| development of an oral prime-boost strategy to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies against hiv-1. | given the increasing incidence of hiv-1 infection world-wide, an affordable, effective vaccine is probably the only way that this virus will be contained. accordingly, our group is developing an oral prime-boost strategy with the primary goal of eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies against hiv-1 to provide sterilizing immunity for this virus. our secondary goal is to elicit broadly cross-reactive anti-viral cd8(+) t cells by this strategy to blunt any breakthrough infections that occur afte ... | 2002 | 11983256 |
| bromoperoxidase activity of vanadate-substituted acid phosphatases from shigella flexneri and salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium. | vanadium haloperoxidases and the bacterial class a nonspecific acid phosphatases have a conserved active site. it is shown that vanadate-substituted recombinant acid phosphatase from shigella flexneri (phon-sf) and salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium (phon-se) in the presence of h2o2 are able to oxidize bromide to hypobromous acid. vanadate is essential for this activity. the kinetic parameters for the artificial bromoperoxidases have been determined. the km value for h2o2 is about the same as ... | 2002 | 11985594 |
| two msbb genes encoding maximal acylation of lipid a are required for invasive shigella flexneri to mediate inflammatory rupture and destruction of the intestinal epithelium. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative pathogen that invades and causes inflammatory destruction of the human colonic epithelium, thus leading to bloody diarrhea and dysentery. a type iii secretion system that delivers effector proteins into target eukaryotic cells is largely responsible for cell and tissue invasion. however, the respective role of this invasive phenotype and of lipid a, the endotoxin of the shigella lps, in eliciting the inflammatory cascade that leads to rupture and destruction ... | 2002 | 11994481 |
| incidence and molecular analysis of vibrio cholerae associated with cholera outbreak subsequent to the super cyclone in orissa, india. | an epidemiological study was carried out to find out the aetiological agent for diarrhoeal disorders in the cyclone and flood affected areas of orissa, india. rectal swabs collected from 107 hospitalized diarrhoea patients were bacteriologically analysed to isolate and identify the various enteropathogens. detection of toxic genes among e. coli and v. cholerae was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. of the 107 rectal swabs analysed, 72.3% were positive for v. cholerae o1 ogawa, ... | 2002 | 12002529 |
| rhamnose-binding lectins from steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs recognize bacterial lipopolysaccharides and lipoteichoic acid. | the interaction between bacteria and three l-rham-nose-binding lectins, named stl1, stl2, and stl3, from steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs was investigated. although stls bound to most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, they agglutinated only escherichia coli k-12 and bacillus subtilis among the bacteria tested. the binding was inhibited by l-rhamnose. stls bound to distinct serotypes of lipopolysaccharides (lpss), and showed much higher binding activities to smooth-type lpss of ... | 2002 | 12005056 |
| regulation of the overlapping pic/set locus in shigella flexneri and enteroaggregative escherichia coli. | most strains of shigella flexneri 2a and enteroaggregative escherichia coli carry a highly conserved chromosomal locus which encodes a 109-kda secreted mucinase (called pic) and, on the opposite strand in overlapping fashion, an oligomeric enterotoxin called shet1, encoded by the seta and setb genes. here, we characterize the genetic regulation of these overlapping genes. our data suggest that pic and the setba loci are transcribed as complementary 4-kb mrna species. the major pic promoter is ma ... | 2002 | 12010980 |
| construction, characterization, and animal testing of wrsd1, a shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine. | wrsd1 is a shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine containing deletions of the virg(icsa) gene required for intercellular spreading and a 20-kb chromosomal region encompassing the shiga toxin genes (stxab). wrsd1 was constructed from s. dysenteriae 1 strain 1617 that was originally isolated during the 1968 to 1969 epidemic of shiga dysentery in guatemala. the virg(icsa) deletion was constructed from a streptomycin-resistant (str(r)) mutant of 1617 by a filter mating procedures using a virg(icsa) deletion ... | 2002 | 12010984 |
| the dynamics of actin-based motility depend on surface parameters. | in cells, actin polymerization at the plasma membrane is induced by the recruitment of proteins such as the arp2/3 complex, and the zyxin/vasp complex. the physical mechanism of force generation by actin polymerization has been described theoretically using various approaches, but lacks support from experimental data. by the use of reconstituted motility medium, we find that the wiskott aldrich syndrome protein (wasp) subdomain, known as vca, is sufficient to induce actin polymerization and move ... | 2002 | 12015607 |
| epidemiological applications: a case report of a village epidemic of gastroenteritis. | this is a case report of an epidemic of gastroenteritis which was investigated and controlled by epidemiological methods only, before laboratory investigations could be done to confirm the original epidemiological conclusions--from contaminated home made ice-cubes. the case and process are reported in order to encourage similar uses of epidemiology by field public health practitioners, especially within the district or primary health care systems and particularly in places where laboratory suppo ... | 2001 | 12017811 |
| death from multi-resistant shigellosis in fiji islands. | death from shigellosis is rare in developed countries, however it causes over a million deaths in developing countries worldwide annually. death from shigellosis is rare in fiji. however, the global problem of emerging multidrug resistance raises some issues about the management of shigellosis in this country. within fiji, shigella is a notifiable disease. the fiji ministry of health recorded 68 cases of shigella in 1996, 173 cases in 1997 and 334 cases in 1998 (no data available for 1999). ther ... | 2001 | 12017845 |
| neutrophil elastase targets virulence factors of enterobacteria. | shigellae cause bacillary dysentery, a bloody form of diarrhoea that affects almost 200 million people and causes nearly 2 million deaths per year. shigella invades the colonic mucosa, where it initiates an acute inflammation, rich in neutrophils, that initially contributes to tissue damage and eventually resolves the infection. neutrophils are phagocytic cells that kill microorganisms but it is unclear how neutrophils control pathogenic bacteria expressing virulence factors that manipulate host ... | 2002 | 12018205 |
| distinct recent lineages of the stra- strb streptomycin-resistance genes in clinical and environmental bacteria. | we report the linkage of the stra-strb streptomycin-resistance genes with class 1 integron sequences on pstr1, a 75-kb multiple antibiotic-resistance plasmid from shigella flexneri. stra-strb had previously been detected only within tn 5393, a tn 3-family transposon, and on small nonconjugative broad-host-range plasmids such as rsf1010. the geographic range of tn 5393 was also extended to pseudomonas spp. isolated from apple trees in new zealand and soil in the usa. comparative sequence analyses ... | 2002 | 12029529 |
| the effect of nacl on survival of shigella flexneri in broth as affected by temperature and ph. | shigella, a major foodborne pathogen, survives well in salt-containing environments. however, systematic data are scarce. we studied the behavior of shigella flexneri 5348 in brain heart infusion broth (ph 4 to 6) containing 0.5 to 8% nacl. stationary-phase cells were inoculated into sterile media at initial concentrations of 6 to 7 log10 cfu/ml and incubated at 12 to 37 degrees c. bacterial population sizes were determined periodically by plate counts. survivor curves were derived from plate co ... | 2002 | 12030287 |
| inorganic polyphosphate is essential for long-term survival and virulence factors in shigella and salmonella spp. | the importance of inorganic polyphosphate (poly p) and poly p kinase (ppk), the enzyme principally responsible for its synthesis, has been established previously for stationary-phase survival of escherichia coli and virulence in pseudomonas aeruginosa. the gene (ppk) that encodes ppk is highly conserved among many bacterial pathogens, including shigella and salmonella spp. in view of the phylogenetic similarity of the enteropathogens and the frequency with which virulence factors are expressed i ... | 2002 | 12032342 |
| mucosal dna vaccination with highly attenuated shigella is superior to attenuated salmonella and comparable to intramuscular dna vaccination for t cells against hiv. | an immunization strategy using attenuated bacteria to deliver dna vaccine plasmids to mucosal sites may induce protective t cell responses against sexual hiv transmission. in a murine intranasal (i.n.) immunization model, we demonstrate that transiently persistent deltaasd shigella flexneri strain 15d harboring dna vaccines induces hiv- and siv-specific gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) producing cd8+ t cells among splenocytes more efficiently than either a longer persisting deltaarod salmonella typh ... | 2002 | 12036602 |
| survivability of shigella dysenteriae type 1 & s. flexneri 2a in laboratory conditions simulating aquatic environment. | information about the duration of survival of shigellae in water is speculative. the present study was undertaken to assess the duration of survival of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and s. flexneri type 2a in the laboratory conditions simulating the aquatic environment, their invasive property and the association of different physico-chemical parameters in the survival process. | 2001 | 12040763 |
| antimicrobial resistance of shigella spp isolated from diarrheal patients between 1989 and 1998 in vietnam. | shigellosis is an important cause of infectious diarrhea in vietnam, caused mainly by shigella flexneri. this study provides for the first time in the international literature, data on the development of antimicrobial resistance in shigella between 1988 to 1998, including data reported to the national program for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (npsar). our studies show that about 80% of the shigella strains tested were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, trimetho ... | 2001 | 12041563 |
| [clinical and morphological aspects of shigellosis flexneri in patients with an aggravated premorbid state]. | the analysis of 10 fatal outcomes in patients with acute shigellosis during the period of 1999-2000 made it possible to find out that most of deceased shigellosis patients belonged to the group inclined to alcohol abuse and having initial alimentary disturbances. in 6 cases of acute shigellosis with fatal outcome the causative agent was s. flexneri 2a, in 2 cases--s. flexneri 3a, in 1--s. flexneri 4b. the main cause of fatal outcomes was accompanying double pneumonia. lesions of the intestinal t ... | 2002 | 12043161 |
| [molecular characterization of resistance mechanisms to chloramphenicol in shigella flexneri strains isolated from chilean children with acute diarrhea]. | chloramphenicol is one of the therapeutic options for shigellosis, but resistance to this antimicrobial is increasing. | 2002 | 12043369 |
| representational difference analysis uncovers a novel is10-like insertion element unique to pathogenic strains of yersinia enterocolitica. | the method of suppressive subtractive hybridization was employed to map out genomic differences between the highly pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica (ye) biogroup 1b, serotype o:8 strain (wa-314) and the closely related apathogenic y. enterocolitica biogroup 1a, serotype o:5 strain (nf-o). a novel is10-like element, is1330, uncovered by this technique was found to be uniquely present in high copy numbers among the highly pathogenic y. enterocolitica 1b strains, while a single copy of the elemen ... | 2002 | 12044683 |
| [studies on the actin-based spreading of shigella]. | 2002 | 12048885 | |
| expression of colonization factor antigen i of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in shigella flexneri 2a t32. | a host-plasmid lethal balancing system was constructed based on asd gene in an avirulent strain of s.flexneri to express colonization factor antigen i(cfa-i) of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli.the results of western blotting suggested that avirulant strain of s.flexneri fwl01 expressed cfa-i steadily. examination of negatively-stained preparation of cultures by electron microscopy showed that s.flexneri fwl01 carrying the plasmid pzhy21 had thick pili on its surface. antibodies against cfa-i we ... | 2001 | 12050785 |
| spa32 regulates a switch in substrate specificity of the type iii secreton of shigella flexneri from needle components to ipa proteins. | type iii secretion systems (ttss) are essential virulence determinants of many gram-negative bacteria and serve, upon physical contact with target cells, to translocate bacterial proteins directly across eukaryotic cell membranes. the shigella ttss is encoded by the mxi/spa loci located on its virulence plasmid. by electron microscopy secretons are visualized as tripartite with an external needle, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic bulb. in the present study, we generated a shigella spa32 ... | 2002 | 12057936 |
| human monocytes kill shigella flexneri but then die by apoptosis associated with suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production. | shigella flexneri infection of human macrophages is followed by rapid bacterial escape into the cytosol and secretion of ipab, which activates caspase-1 to mediate cell death and release of mature interleukin (il)-1 beta. here we report a different outcome following infection of human peripheral blood monocytes. s. flexneri infects monocytes inefficiently in the absence of complement and, following complement-dependent uptake, cannot escape the endosomal compartment. consequently, bacteria are k ... | 2002 | 12065527 |
| shigella flexneri regulates tight junction-associated proteins in human intestinal epithelial cells. | shigella spp. are a group of gram-negative enteric bacilli that cause acute dysentery in humans. we demonstrate that shigella flexneri has evolved the ability to regulate functional components of tight junctions after interaction at the apical and basolateral pole of model intestinal epithelia. in the regulation of tight junctional protein assemblies, s. flexneri can engage serotype-specific mechanisms, which targets not only expression, but also cellular distribution and membrane association of ... | 2002 | 12067320 |
| [development of vaccine for enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli infection]. | efforts on the development of vaccines against enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) infection has been described in this review. two kinds of vaccines were developed and these have been targeted for in humans and cattle. one vaccine candidate is toxoid, which uses an inactive form of shiga toxin(stx). a part of b subunit, each b or a subunit or one or two amino acid mutated holotoxin were developed as a toxoid vaccine candidate. the other candidate was bacterial surface antigen such as a li ... | 2002 | 12078077 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of serologically atypical strains of shigella flexneri type 4 isolated in dhaka, bangladesh. | twenty-one atypical shigella flexneri type 4 strains isolated from patients attending the dhaka treatment center of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, were extensively characterized and compared with s. flexneri serotypes 4a and 4b. the atypical strains agglutinated only with the type antigen factor 4 and did not agglutinate with any group factors, thereby excluding their characterization into serotype 4a or 4b. of the 21 strains, 85.7% did not ferment mannitol ... | 2002 | 12089268 |
| prevalence of the genes for shigella enterotoxins 1 and 2 among clinical isolates of shigella in israel. | two enterotoxins, shigella enterotoxin 1 (shet1) and shigella enterotoxin 2 (shet2) have been recently characterized and are believed to play a role in the clinical manifestation of shigellosis. one hundred and twenty-one isolates of shigella spp. of 13 different serotypes and variants and 10 isolates of enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) isolated in israel, were examined by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of shet1 and shet2 genes. shet1 was only prevalent among isolates of s. fle ... | 2002 | 12113500 |
| identification of chromosomal shigella flexneri genes induced by the eukaryotic intracellular environment. | upon entry into the eukaryotic cytosol, the facultative intracellular bacterium shigella flexneri is exposed to an environment that may necessitate the expression of particular genes for it to survive and grow intracellularly. to identify genes that are induced in response to the intracellular environment, we screened a library containing fragments of the s. flexneri chromosome fused to a promoterless green fluorescent protein gene (gfp). bacteria containing promoter fusions that had a higher le ... | 2002 | 12117948 |
| [a fatal case of shigellosis in an elderly patient]. | a 71 year-old male, with no recent history of travelling abroad and a past history of lung cancer two years prior to presentation, which had been successfully treated, developed a sudden onset of watery diarrhea more than ten times a day on february 26, 2001, which gradually became bloody. the next day he visited the department of integrated medicine of the tokyo metropolitan komagome hospital by ambulance because his consciousness was deteriorating and he was hospitalized. he was hypotensive on ... | 2002 | 12136656 |
| quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometry to locate fatty acids on lipid a from gram-negative bacteria. | the structure of lipid a released by mild acid hydrolysis from lipopolysaccharide from two strains of shigella flexneri with different degrees of acylation was characterized using electrospray ionization (esi) and ion-trap mass spectrometry. the lipid a was analyzed underivatized with esi in negative-ion mode. with multiple stages of fragmentation (ms(n)), both the degree of acylation and the positions of the fatty acids on the disaccharide backbone could be determined. it was possible to determ ... | 2002 | 12137789 |
| mxie regulates intracellular expression of factors secreted by the shigella flexneri 2a type iii secretion system. | the mxi-spa locus on the virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri encodes components of the type iii secretion system. mxie, a gene within this locus, encodes a protein that is homologous to the arac/xyls family of transcriptional regulators, but currently its role in pathogenesis remains undefined. we characterized the virulence phenotype of a nonpolar mxie mutant and found that this mutant retained the ability to invade mammalian cells in tissue culture and secrete ipas (type iii effectors requi ... | 2002 | 12142411 |
| rapid detection of six types of bacterial pathogens in marine waters by multiplex pcr. | a rapid multiplex pcr (m-pcr) method that allows the simultaneous detection, in a single tube, of six commonly encountered waterborne pathogens is developed. the target genes used were: the aerolysin (aero) gene of aeromonas hydrophila, the invasion plasmid antigen h (ipah) gene of shigella flexneri, the attachment invasion locus (ail) gene of yersinia enterocolitca, the invasion plasmid antigen b (ipab) gene of salmonella typhimurium, the enterotoxin extracellular secretion protein (epsm) gene ... | 2002 | 12146868 |
| isolation of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and s. flexneri strains from surface waters in bangladesh: comparative molecular analysis of environmental shigella isolates versus clinical strains. | bacillary dysentery caused by shigella species is a public health problem in developing countries including bangladesh. although, shigellae-contaminated food and drinks are often the source of the epidemic's spread, the possible presence of the pathogen and transmission of it through environmental waters have not been adequately examined. we analyzed surface waters collected in dhaka, bangladesh, for the presence of shigellae by a combination of pcr assays followed by concentration and culturing ... | 2002 | 12147489 |
| bacterial inactivation by high-pressure homogenisation and high hydrostatic pressure. | the resistance of five gram-positive bacteria, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, lactobacillus plantarum, listeria innocua and leuconostoc dextranicum, and six gram-negative bacteria, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, shigella flexneri, yersinia enterocolitica, pseudomonas fluorescens and two strains of escherichia coli, to high-pressure homogenisation (100-300 mpa) and to high hydrostatic pressure (200-400 mpa) was compared in this study. within the group of gram-positive bac ... | 2002 | 12160080 |
| identification of a putative pathogenicity island in shigella flexneri using subtractive hybridisation of the s. flexneri and escherichia coli genomes. | the genetic differences between the human pathogen, shigella flexneri, and the non-pathogenic escherichia coli were investigated in an attempt to identify pathogenicity islands (pais) in the s. flexneri genome. genomic subtraction identified a large unique region of dna which was present in s. flexneri serotype 2a but absent from e. coli k-12. this 42-kb dna segment was localised to the s. flexneri chromosome and was found to contain a number of elements often associated with pais including: ins ... | 2002 | 12167547 |
| acid tolerance of shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri. | determination of the behaviour of shigella sonnei and sh. flexneri under acid conditions. | 2002 | 12174047 |
| enteroinvasive escherichia coli virulence-plasmid-carried apyrase (apy) and ospb genes are organized as a bicistronic operon and are subject to differential expression. | in shigella flexneri and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) the expression of the virulence-plasmid(pinv)-carried potential pathogenesis-associated apy gene, which encodes apyrase (atp diphosphohydrolase), is regulated by the same regulators that govern the expression of virulence genes. to understand the transcriptional organization of the apy gene, the authors sequenced an 8023 bp psti fragment of the pinv of eiec strain hn280, which encompasses apy as well as its adjacent genes. the psti ... | 2002 | 12177345 |
| initial steps of shigella infection depend on the cholesterol/sphingolipid raft-mediated cd44-ipab interaction. | shigellosis is an acute inflammatory bowel disease caused by the enteroinvasive bacterium shigella: upon host cell-shigella interaction, major host cell signalling responses are activated. deciphering the initial molecular events is crucial to understanding the infectious process. we identified a molecular complex involving proteins of both the host, cd44 the hyaluronan receptor, and shigella, the invasin ipab, which partitions during infection within specialized membrane microdomains enriched i ... | 2002 | 12198147 |
| sequence analysis and characterization of plasmid psfd10 from salmonella choleraesuis. | the nucleotide sequence of a small plasmid, designated psfd10, is isolated from the vaccine strain salmonella choleraesuis c500 in china, has been determined. this plasmid is 4091 bp long with a total g+c content of 51.4%, which is in the range of salmonella genomic dna. analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence reveals that psfd10 has a high degree of similarity to cole1-type plasmid, having the possible cer and rom genes, and a putative mobilization origin of cole1-type. plasmid psfd10 poss ... | 2002 | 12206756 |
| three modifications in the d and t arms of trna influence translation in escherichia coli and expression of virulence genes in shigella flexneri. | the modified nucleosides 2'-o-methylguanosine, present at position 18 (gm18), 5-methyluridine, present at position 54 (m(5)u54), and pseudouridine, present at position 55 (psi55), are located in the d and t arms of trnas and are close in space in the three-dimensional (3d) structure of this molecule in the bacterium escherichia coli. the formation of these modified nucleosides is catalyzed by the products of genes trmh (gm18), trma (m(5)u54), and trub (psi55). the combination of trmh, trma, and ... | 2002 | 12218021 |
| salmonella, shigella and growth potential of other food-borne pathogens in ethiopian street vended foods. | to evaluate the bacteriological safety of food items sold by street vendors with regard to salmonella and shigella and to assess the growth potential of some foodborne pathogens in some street foods. | 2001 | 12219962 |
| survival and growth of shigella flexneri, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, and vibrio cholerae o1 in reconstituted infant formula. | formula feeding is an alternative method to prevent mother-to-child infection with human immunodeficiency virus through breast-feeding in developing countries. growth of bacterial pathogens in reconstituted infant formula has become a health hazard when contaminated water is used for rehydration. this study was conducted to assess bacterial safety risk of using contaminated water to reconstitute infant formula. survival and growth characteristics were determined for three bacterial pathogens, vi ... | 2002 | 12224592 |
| effect of organic acids and temperature on survival of shigella flexneri in broth at ph 4. | the survival of bacterial pathogens in acidified foods depends not only on the hydrogen ion concentration, but also on the type of acid and the storage temperature. shigella flexneri is a foodborne pathogen that is acid tolerant. the survival of s. flexneri 5348 in brain heart infusion broth supplemented with 0.04 m acetic, citric, lactic, malic, or tartaric acid and adjusted to ph 4 with hci or naoh was studied. the control medium was brain heart infusion broth adjusted to ph 4 with hci. statio ... | 2002 | 12233851 |
| conversion of ptdins(4,5)p(2) into ptdins(5)p by the s.flexneri effector ipgd reorganizes host cell morphology. | phosphoinositides play a central role in the control of several cellular events including actin cytoskeleton organization. here we show that, upon infection of epithelial cells with the gram-negative pathogen shigella flexneri, the virulence factor ipgd is translocated directly into eukaryotic cells and acts as a potent inositol 4-phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [ptdins(4,5)p(2)] into phosphatidylinositol 5-monophosphate [ptdins(5)p] that then ... | 2002 | 12356723 |
| epithelial inflammation response induced by shigella flexneri depends on mucin gene expression. | the protective effects of different mucin gene profiles on gut protection were assessed by the evaluation of tnfalpha production by intestinal epithelial cells infected by shigella flexneri. three ht-29 cell lines were used: ht29-g(-) (enterocyte-like cells, secreting no mucins), ht29-fu (highly expressing muc2 and muc4) and ht29-mtx (highly expressing muc3 and muc5ac). these cells were infected either by an invasive (m90t) or the control isogenic (bs176) strains of s. flexneri, and tnfalpha mrn ... | 2002 | 12361911 |
| [dysentery in poland in 2000]. | the notified number of dysentery cases is still falling down since the year 1995 when bacteriological examination of feces for diagnostic purposes lost free of charge status obtained in 1928 under the legislation act of infectious disease investigation and obligatory registration. only 121 dysentery cases were notified in the year 2000 (incidence 0.31/100,000 population), while 292 cases were notified in 1999 (incidence 0.76/100,000). no one death case was notified. only 2 outbreaks (one due to ... | 2002 | 12371362 |
| septic shock associated with shigella flexneri dysentery. | septic shock is a very unusual presentation of shigella infection. we describe a 3-y-old child who developed severe septic shock and severe encephalopathy during an episode of dysentery caused by shigella flexneri. | 2002 | 12374365 |
| shigella flexneri degp facilitates icsa surface expression and is required for efficient intercellular spread. | a degp mutant of shigella flexneri was identified in a screen for insertion mutants that invaded cultured cells but did not form wild-type plaques in monolayers. the degp mutant sm1100 invaded henle cells at wild-type levels and induced apoptosis in macrophages but formed smaller plaques than those formed by wild-type s. flexneri in confluent monolayers of henle and caco-2 cells. the proportion of sm1100 bacteria with icsa localized to the bacterial pole, a process required for actin polymerizat ... | 2002 | 12379715 |
| enteropathogens associated with acute diarrhea in community and hospital patients in jakarta, indonesia. | the prevalence of bacteria, parasite and viral pathogens in 3875 patients with diarrhea in community and hospital settings from march 1997 through august 1999 in jakarta, indonesia was determined using routine bacteriology and molecular assay techniques. bacterial pathogens isolated from hospital patients were, in decreasing frequency, vibrio cholerae o1, shigella flexneri, salmonella spp. and campylobacter jejuni, while s. flexneri, v. cholerae o1, salmonella spp. and c. jejuni were isolated fr ... | 2002 | 12381465 |
| genetics of isoprenoid biosynthesis in paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens. | the genes coding for all the enzymes involved in the conversion of acetyl-coa to farnesyl diphosphate (fpp) in the zeaxanthin-producing bacterium paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens were cloned and characterized. two genes encoding enzymes catalysing the condensation of two acetyl-coa molecules to acetoacetyl-coa were found. the six enzymes involved in the conversion of acetyl-coa and acetoacetyl-coa to isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp) are grouped in an operon, desig ... | 2002 | 12384294 |
| genome sequence of shigella flexneri 2a: insights into pathogenicity through comparison with genomes of escherichia coli k12 and o157. | we have sequenced the genome of shigella flexneri serotype 2a, the most prevalent species and serotype that causes bacillary dysentery or shigellosis in man. the whole genome is composed of a 4 607 203 bp chromosome and a 221 618 bp virulence plasmid, designated pcp301. while the plasmid shows minor divergence from that sequenced in serotype 5a, striking characteristics of the chromosome have been revealed. the s.flexneri chromosome has, astonishingly, 314 is elements, more than 7-fold over thos ... | 2002 | 12384590 |
| selection of shigella flexneri candidate virulence genes specifically induced in bacteria resident in host cell cytoplasm. | we describe an in vivo expression technology (ivet)-like approach, which uses antibiotic resistance for selection, to identify shigella flexneri genes specifically activated in bacteria resident in host cell cytoplasm. this procedure required construction of a promoter-trap vector containing a synthetic operon between the promoterless chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) and lacz genes and construction of a library of plasmids carrying transcriptional fusions between s. flexneri genomic frag ... | 2002 | 12390353 |
| doc-mediated cell killing in shigella flexneri using a c1/laci controlled expression system. | in this report we describe the development of a highly stringent and dually regulated promoter system for shigella flexneri. dual regulation was provided by utilizing a promoter susceptible to control by the bacteriophage p1 temperature-sensitive c1 repressor that in turn was under the transcriptional control of laci. the level of induction/repression ratios observed was up to 3700-fold in s. flexneri. the general utility of this promoter system was evaluated by demonstrating that the bacterioph ... | 2002 | 12399040 |
| [the role of hla-b27 molecules in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis]. | ankylosing spondylitis (as) is characterised by the strongest association with an hla antigen ever described for any disease. it represents therefore the ideal model for the understanding of the link between immune-mediated diseases and the hla system. the role of hla-b27 in the pathogenesis of as will be discussed focusing on the recently described higher expression of these molecules in patients with as compared with healthy controls. | 2002 | 12404037 |
| [acute diarrhea outbreak caused by shigella flexneri at a school in madrid, cundinamarca: phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolates]. | shigellosis is an acute diarrhoeal disease that is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. in 1997, the colombian instituto nacional de salud microbiology group organized a network surveillance program with the country's public health laboratories (phls) to monitor the principal etiological agents responsible for acute diarrhoeal disease. in may, 2001, the phl of the state of cundinamarca reported a food poisoning outbreak involving an elementary school community. the ... | 2002 | 12404927 |
| shigella flexneri bacteraemia in an immunocompetent male treated with oral ciprofloxacin. | 2002 | 12423618 | |
| shigella isolation in vellore, south india (1997-2001). | shigellosis has been a major cause of dysentery for many years at vellore, south india. in the last two years the number of shigella being isolated from samples of faeces from patients with diarrhoea has decreased (5% isolation rate in 1997 to 3.9% in 2001), although the microbiological methods and media used have not changed. also, the nalidixic acid (na) resistance has increased for s. sonnei (now 94%). this is noteworthy, since na has been recommended for the empirical treatment of patients s ... | 2002 | 12424931 |
| molecular recognition of oligosaccharide epitopes by a monoclonal fab specific for shigella flexneri y lipopolysaccharide: x-ray structures and thermodynamics. | the antigenic recognition of shigella flexneri o-polysaccharide, which consists of a repeating unit abcd [-->2)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1-->], by the monoclonal antibody sya/j6 (igg3, kappa) has been investigated by crystallographic analysis of the fab domain and its two complexes with two antigen segments (a pentasaccharide rha a-rha b-rha c-glcnac d-rha a' and a modified trisaccharide rha b-rha c-glcnac d in which rha c* is missing a c2-oh ... | 2002 | 12427018 |
| structure-function analysis of invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac) from shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri causes a self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans, characterized by severe localized inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa. shigellosis most often targets young children in underdeveloped countries. invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac) has been identified as the primary effector protein for shigella invasion of epithelial cells. although an initial model of ipac function has been developed, no detailed structural information is available that could assist in a better un ... | 2003 | 12427760 |
| [comparison of shigella susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobials in the temuco regional hospital, chile 1990 - 2001]. | the permanent surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella sp in the temuco regional hospital, allowed us to define the empirical use of antimicrobials in dysenteric syndrome. | 2002 | 12434650 |
| evolution of multiresistance in nontyphoid salmonella serovars from 1984 to 1998 in argentina. | molecular evolution of multiresistance in nontyphoid salmonella spp. was investigated with 155 isolates obtained in argentina from 1984 to 1998. in 74 isolates obtained from 1984 to 1988 resistance was associated with the presence of tn3, tn9, class i (in0) and ii (tn7) integrons, and the aac(3)-iia gene. extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc) resistance in salmonella spp. emerged in 1989, and 81 isolates resistant to at least one esc and one aminoglycoside were collected thereafter. among these, ... | 2002 | 12435702 |
| lactoferrin protects rabbits from shigella flexneri-induced inflammatory enteritis. | shigella species cause bacillary dysentery in humans by invasion, intracellular multiplication, spread to adjacent cells, and induction of brisk inflammatory responses in the intestinal epithelium. in vitro data suggest that lactoferrin, a glycoprotein present in human mucosal secretions, has a role in protection from bacterial enteric infections. we sought to determine the activity of lactoferrin in vivo, using the concentration present in human colostrum, to investigate its effect on the devel ... | 2002 | 12438385 |
| functional comparison of serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae. | the plasmid-encoded toxin (pet) of enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) belongs to a family of high-molecular-weight serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae (spates) which also includes pic from eaec and shigella flexneri, espc from enteropathogenic e. coli, espp from enterohemorrhagic e. coli, sat from uropathogenic e. coli, tsh from avian pathogenic e. coli, and sepa from s. flexneri. phylogenetic analysis shows the spate proteins to represent a distinct subfamily of autotr ... | 2002 | 12438392 |
| identification of the cis-acting site involved in activation of promoters regulated by activity of the type iii secretion apparatus in shigella flexneri. | bacteria of shigella spp. use a virulence plasmid-encoded type iii secretion (tts) system to invade the colonic epithelium in humans. the activity of the tts apparatus is tightly regulated in the wild-type strain and is induced upon contact of bacteria with epithelial cells, whereas it is deregulated, i.e., constitutively active, in some mutants. under conditions of deregulated secretion, approximately 20 proteins are secreted, including vira, ospb to ospg, and at least three members of the ipah ... | 2002 | 12446624 |
| igg antibodies to enterobacteria 60 kda heat shock proteins in the sera of hla-b27 positive ankylosing spondylitis patients. | to study the association of hla-b27 and the igg response to the 60 kda hsps of klebsiella pneumoniae, yersinia enterocolitica, shigella flexneri, escherichia coli and salmonella typhi. | 2002 | 12455814 |
| purification and detection of shigella type iii secretion needle complex. | 2002 | 12474402 | |
| surveillance of bacterial pathogens of diarrhea disease in indonesia. | emerging or reemerging infections due to bacterial disease may be a local, regional or global problem. bacterial acute gastroenteritis is a potential cause of substantial morbidity in travelers and deployed u.s. military personnel. a surveillance study was conducted over a two-year period in indonesia among 6760 patients with debilitating diarrheal diseases. of the 6,760 patients, 587 (9%) of the patient stools were positive for bacteria. the proportions of bacteria isolated from the 587 patient ... | 2002 | 12493168 |
| identification of substrates and chaperone from the yersinia enterocolitica 1b ysa type iii secretion system. | all pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica strains carry the pyv plasmid encoding the ysc-yop type iii secretion (tts) system, which operates at 37 degrees c. in addition, biovar 1b y. enterocolitica strains possess a second, chromosomally encoded, tts system called ysa, which operates, at least in vitro, under low-temperature and high-salt (lths) conditions. six open reading frames, sycb, yspb, yspc, yspd, yspa, and acpy, neighbor the ysa genes encoding the ysa tts apparatus. here we show that yspa ... | 2003 | 12496172 |
| antimicrobial activity of feiii, cuii, agi, znii and hgii complexes of 2-(2-hydroxy-5-bromo/nitro-phenyl)-1h- and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl/chloro/nitro-1h-benzimidazoles. | antimicrobial activity of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-r5-1h-benzimidazoles, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-r5'-phenyl)-1h-benzimidazoles and their feiii, cuii, agi, znii and hgii nitrate complexes was tested toward staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, and proteus mirabilis. antifungal activity was tested against candida albicans. benzimidazole benzene ring substituents increase the antimicrobial activit ... | 2002 | 12503391 |
| human lactoferrin impairs virulence of shigella flexneri. | lactoferrin is a glycoprotein present in most human mucosal secretions, including human milk. lactoferrin is bacteriostatic in low iron media and, in some settings, bactericidal. lactoferrin impairs ability of shigella flexneri serotype 5 strain m90t to invade hela cells. to determine the mechanism by which lactoferrin decreases invasiveness of shigella organisms, its effect on the major virulence proteins responsible for bacterial uptake by host cells was evaluated. lactoferrin induced degradat ... | 2003 | 12508150 |
| sporadic enteric reactive arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy: evidence for involvement of salmonella typhimurium. | to define the candidate bacterial trigger and cytokine profile of synovial fluid mononuclear cells (sfmc) in patients with sporadic enteric reactive arthritis (rea) and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy (uspa). | 2003 | 12508398 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of provisional serotype shigella flexneri 1c and clonal relationships with 1a and 1b strains isolated in bangladesh. | the serotypes of 144 strains of shigella flexneri serotype 1 (serotypes 1a, 1b, and 1c) isolated from patients attending the dhaka treatment center of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, between 1997 and 2001 were serologically confirmed by using commercially available antisera and a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for s. flexneri group and type factor antigen (masf). among serotype 1 isolates, the prevalence of provisional serotype s. flexneri 1c increa ... | 2003 | 12517835 |
| [simultaneous expression of cs3 colonization factor antigen and lt-b/st fusion enterotoxin antigen of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli by attenuated shigella flexneri 2a]. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) causes watery dehydrating diarrhea in infants in developing countries, and is the most common cause of travelers diarrhea. it has been known that the colonazition factor antigens (cfas) and enterotoxins are important virulence factors of etec, and these two kinds of proteins should be included in any effective vaccine against etec. in this study, a host-plasmid lethal balancing system was constructed based on asd gene in an avirulent strain of s.flexneri ... | 2003 | 12518227 |
| putrescine or a combination of methionine and arginine restores virulence gene expression in a trna modification-deficient mutant of shigella flexneri: a possible role in adaptation of virulence. | the wild-type strain ysh6000 of shigella flexneri growing in minimal medium contains the modified nucleoside epoxy-q (oq) in a subset of trnas. this nucleoside is lacking in trna from a tgt mutant of this bacterium. when these bacteria are growing in minimal medium, the expression of virulence genes is 10-fold lower in the tgt mutant than in the wild type, although only a twofold reduction in the expression of these virulence factors is observed in broth. such a strong media-dependant expression ... | 2003 | 12519201 |
| the magnificent seven. | 2003 | 12526849 | |
| nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through muramyl dipeptide (mdp) detection. | nod2 activates the nf-kappab pathway following intracellular stimulation by bacterial products. recently, mutations in nod2 have been shown to be associated with crohn's disease, suggesting a role for bacteria-host interactions in the etiology of this disorder. we show here that nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through the recognition of muramyl dipeptide (mdp), the minimal bioactive peptidoglycan motif common to all bacteria. moreover, the 3020insc frameshift mutation, the most frequen ... | 2003 | 12527755 |
| immunogenicity of an hiv-1 gag dna vaccine carried by attenuated shigella. | the use of live attenuated invasive bacteria as a carrier for dna-based vaccines has been reported recently. in this study, we used a shigella flexneri serotype 2a rfbf mutant for immunization of a dna vaccine coding for hiv-1 sf2 gag. the recombinant bacterial vector delivered gag dna to mammalian cells in vitro resulting in gag protein expression, and was found to have a low level of pathogenicity among a number of shigella cell spread defective mutants tested. intranasal immunization of mice ... | 2003 | 12531333 |
| an extended role for the nucleoid structuring protein h-ns in the virulence gene regulatory cascade of shigella flexneri. | the h-ns nucleoid structuring protein has been shown previously to play a negative role in controlling virulence gene expression in shigella flexneri by repressing transcription of the virf and virb regulatory genes and the virf-dependent icsa structural gene under non-permissive growth conditions. here, we show that h-ns also acts at the promoters of the virb-dependent structural genes in the regulatory cascade. h-ns protein binds to the promoter regions in vivo and in vitro. the promoters were ... | 2003 | 12535079 |
| rational design and synthesis of peptide ligands for an anti-carbohydrate antibody and their immunochemical characterization. | molecular mimics of carbohydrates present an alternative source of compounds to target pathways involving protein-carbohydrate interactions. certain peptides act as molecular mimics of carbohydrates in binding to anti-carbohydrate antibodies. a series of potential peptide ligands for the anti-carbohydrate antibody sya/j6, directed against shigella flexneri y, was designed by molecular modeling based on a crystal structure of the antibody complex with a carbohydrate-mimetic peptide. these octapep ... | 2003 | 12538009 |
| molecular epidemiology of the srl pathogenicity island. | the shigella resistance locus (srl), which is carried on the srl pathogenicity island (pai) in shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000, mediates resistance to the antibiotics streptomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. in the present study, we investigated the distribution and structural variation of the srl and the srl pai in 71 shigella isolates and 28 other enteric pathogens by pcr and southern analysis. the srl and srl-related loci, although absent from the other enteric pathogens eval ... | 2003 | 12543684 |
| use of aflp, plasmid typing and phenotyping in a comparative study to assess genetic diversity of shigella flexneri strains. | shigella flexneri infections are one of the main causes of acute diarrhoea in cuba. twenty strains isolated from sporadic cases in nine different cuban provinces were characterized. serotyping, antibiotic-resistance typing, plasmid-typing and aflp-typing were used to determine their suitability for use in epidemiological studies of s. flexneri. the predominant serotypes were serotype 6 (35%) and serotype 2 (35%). eleven different plasmid profiles were detected (diversity index = 0.92). aflp-typi ... | 2002 | 12558326 |
| analysis of vir protein translocation from agrobacterium tumefaciens using saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model: evidence for transport of a novel effector protein vire3. | agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease on a variety of plants. during the infection process agrobacterium transfers a nucleoprotein complex, the vird2 t-complex, and at least two vir proteins, vire2 and virf, into the plant cell via the virb/vird4 type iv secretion system. recently, we found that t-dna could also be transferred from agrobacterium to saccharomyces cerevisiae. here, we describe a novel method to also detect trans-kingdom vir protein transfer from agrobacterium to yeas ... | 2003 | 12560481 |
| helical structure of the needle of the type iii secretion system of shigella flexneri. | gram-negative bacteria commonly interact with animal and plant hosts using type iii secretion systems (ttsss) for translocation of proteins into eukaryotic cells during infection. 10 of the 25 ttss-encoding genes are homologous to components of the bacterial flagellar basal body, which the ttss needle complex morphologically resembles. this indicates a common ancestry, although no ttss sequence homologues for the genes encoding the flagellum are found. we here present an approximately 16-a struc ... | 2003 | 12571230 |
| [studies on the anti-enteropathogenic bacteria action of herba pogostemonis extracts]. | the results of antimicrobial test in vitro of water-extracts and volatile oil of the herba pogostemonis shown that the water-extracts posses some inhibitory activity on all the tested bacteria, including salmonella, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri and staphylococcus aureus, while inhibition to s. aureus is more stronger than to enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.01). in addition, the activity of anti-enteropathogens of water-extracts of the herb collected from gaoyao county is more stronger than of t ... | 1999 | 12571888 |
| bordetella type iii secretion induces caspase 1-independent necrosis. | the bordetella bronchiseptica type iii (tiii) secretion system induces cytotoxicity in infected macrophages and epithelial cells. in this report we characterize the cell death phenotype and compare it to the tiii-dependent cytotoxicity induced by yersinia enterocolitica and shigella flexneri. bordetella bronchiseptica strain rb58 was able to induce cell death in j774a.1 macrophages with the same efficiency as shigella and yersinia, but only b. bronchiseptica was able to kill epithelial cells in ... | 2003 | 12580948 |
| his-asp phosphorelay signal transduction in higher plants: receptors and response regulators for cytokinin signaling in arabidopsis thaliana. | bacteria have devised phosphotransfer signaling mechanisms for eliciting a variety of adaptive responses to their environment. these mechanisms are collectively referred to as two-component regulatory systems. each system generally consists of a sensor protein histidine kinase, which is anchored in the cell membrane, and a cytoplasmic response regulator, whose activity is modulated by the sensor. most response regulators are transcription factors. in this review, we briefly introduce the establi ... | 2002 | 12589073 |
| a novel modeling protocol for protein receptors guided by bound-ligand conformation. | a novel protocol for protein homology modeling is described, in which uncertainty in protein structure is resolved by applying the criterion that the protein must bind to a complementary ligand. a diverse library of protein models is created and then screened by docking with ligands of known conformation. the more accurate protein models form higher-quality docked complexes, and the quality of the fit is used to select the best models. the effectiveness of this technique with both natural and un ... | 2003 | 12590571 |
| structural characterization of the n terminus of ipac from shigella flexneri. | the primary effector for shigella invasion of epithelial cells is ipac, which is secreted via a type iii secretion system. we recently reported that the ipac n terminus is required for type iii secretion and possibly other functions. in this study, mutagenesis was used to identify an n-terminal secretion signal and to determine the functional importance of the rest of the ipac n terminus. the 15 n-terminal amino acids target ipac for secretion by shigella flexneri, and placing additional amino a ... | 2003 | 12595440 |
| genetic characterization and immunogenicity of coli surface antigen 4 from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli when it is expressed in a shigella live-vector strain. | the genes that encode the enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) cs4 fimbriae, csaa, -b, -c, -e, and -d', were isolated from strain e11881a. the csa operon encodes a 17-kda major fimbrial subunit (csab), a 40-kda tip-associated protein (csae), a 27-kda chaperone-like protein (csaa), a 97-kda usher-like protein (csac), and a deleted regulatory protein (csad'). the predicted amino acid sequences of the cs4 proteins are highly homologous to structural and assembly proteins of other etec fimbriae, ... | 2003 | 12595452 |
| effects of ectopically expressed neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein domains on rickettsia rickettsii actin-based motility. | neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp) and the actin-related protein 2/3 (arp2/3) complex have emerged as critical host proteins that regulate pathogen actin-based motility. actin tail formation and motility in listeria monocytogenes require the arp2/3 complex but bypasses n-wasp signaling. motility of shigella flexneri and vaccinia virus requires both n-wasp and the arp2/3 complex. functional roles for these cytoskeletal regulatory proteins in actin-based motility of rickettsia rick ... | 2003 | 12595475 |
| regulation of salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide o antigen chain length is required for virulence; identification of fepe as a second wzz. | wzz proteins regulate the degree of polymerization of the o antigen (oag) subunits in lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthesis. although the pathogenic relevance of oag is well recognized, the significance of oag chain length regulation is not well defined. in this report, salmonella typhimurium was shown to possess two functional wzz genes resulting in a bimodal oag length distribution. in addition to the previously described wzzst that results in long (l) modal length lps with 16-35 oag repeat un ... | 2003 | 12603743 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of shigella flexneri and streptococcus pyogenes to inner gel of aloe barbadensis miller. | aloe barbadensis miller (or aloe vera) has widespread use in health products, and despite numerous reports on the whole plant, little work has been performed on the inner gel, which has been used extensively in these products. this report describes the in vitro susceptibilities of two bacteria to this component. | 2003 | 12604556 |