Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| zoonotic studies on influenza in pigs and birds, india, 1980-81. | five hundred and twenty pig sera collected from pune, maharashtra state, india during 1980 were examined in haemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests to determine the antibody prevalence to nine human influenza virus strains covering the subtypes a(hon1), a(h1n1), a(h2n2), a(h3n2), type b and one swine influenza virus strain a(hsw1n1). this study indicated considerable prevalence of antibodies to the four h3n2 strains isolated from 1973 onwards, particularly to the two recent h3n2 strains, limited ... | 1983 | 6315619 |
| lung alterations in guinea-pigs infected with influenza virus. | guinea-pigs were infected intranasally with influenza a hong kong 68 (h3n2) virus. infective particles were re-isolated from lung homogenates up to 3 days after inoculation and indicated local replication. the subsequent lung inflammatory stages were studied by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (tem). lung alterations appeared after 24 h and intensified up to 7 days after virus inoculation, progressively decreasing until 3 weeks thereafter. the damage was reversible ... | 1984 | 6330181 |
| distribution of viral antigen with the lower respiratory tract of ferrets infected with a virulent influenza virus: production and release of virus from corresponding organ cultures. | using fluorescent antibody techniques, a semi-quantitative survey has been made of the distribution of influenza virus antigen in the trachea, main bronchi, and three zones (hilar, intermediate and alveolar) of all four lung lobes of ferrets following intranasal inoculation of a virulent clone (7a) of the recombinant influenza virus a/pr/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2). the results confirm the indications from our previous quantitative surveys of infectious virus and histological damage in these ar ... | 1983 | 6338151 |
| detection and identification of influenza virus antigens by nylon-coupled enzyme-linked immunoassay. | a direct solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay for rapid detection and typing of influenza virus was developed utilizing antibodies immobilized by covalent linkage to nylon beads. covalent linkage of antibody to nylon was accomplished by treatment of partially hydrolyzed nylon with glutaraldehyde. for comparison to conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), igg fractions were adsorbed to polystyrene beads. influenza type-specific immunoglobulins coupled to nylon beads were used in ... | 1983 | 6339533 |
| the use of a radial haemolysis test for neuraminidase antibodies in the diagnosis of influenza a infection. | a radial haemolysis test designed to detect antibody specifically directed against the neuraminidase is described and compared with currently available techniques for the routine diagnosis of infection with influenza viruses. paired sera were available from two outbreaks of influenza a, one with the n1n1 subtype and the other with the h3n2 subtype. this technique confirmed diagnosis in 92% of cases diagnosed by other laboratory methods. | 1983 | 6350441 |
| fine specificity of the in vitro antibody response to influenza virus by human blood lymphocytes. | the fine specificity of anti-influenza antibody produced in vitro by human pbm stimulated with different strains of influenza virus was examined by competition binding in solid phase enzyme immunoassay. most of the antibody produced in vitro is directed to strain-specific or cross-reactive determinants on the hemagglutinin molecule. the extent of cross-reactivity is dependent on the strain of virus used to stimulate pbm as well as the individual tested and presumably on his previous exposure to ... | 1983 | 6350452 |
| summary of clinical trials of inactivated influenza vaccine - 1978. | this report summarizes the clinical trials of the a/ussr/77 (h1n1) influenza vaccines performed in 1978. a total of 2,091 subjects participated in these trials. the results of these clinical trials indicated that two doses of h1n1 viral antigen were necessary to produce serum titers of hemagglutinin-inhibiting (hai) antibody of greater than 1:40 in 80% or more of the test subjects younger than 25 years of age, who were unlikely to have experienced natural infection during the earlier period of p ... | 1983 | 6353529 |
| antigenicity and reactogenicity of influenza a/ussr/77 virus vaccine in children--a multicentered evaluation of dosage and safety. | clinical trials of monovalent a/ussr/77 (h1n1) and trivalent a/ussr/77 (h1n1), a/texas/77 (h3n2), and b/hong kong/72 inactivated influenza virus vaccines were carried out in 358 children and adolescents. only split-virus vaccines were administered to children younger than 13 years of age. no serious local or systemic reactions were observed among the study participants. two doses of vaccine containing 7-20 micrograms of the a/ussr/77 (h1n1) viral antigen were required to achieve serum titers of ... | 1983 | 6353530 |
| immunity to influenza in man. | the observations summarized in this review indicate immunity to infection with type a influenza viruses is subtype specific since little or none is conveyed to subtypes possessing immunologically distinct ha and na proteins. however, within a subtype, a prior antigenic experience with one variant may prevent or modify illness to another. the resulting degree of subtype immunity depends on the extent of relatedness between variants. observations with h3n2 viruses indicate that homotypic resistanc ... | 1983 | 6357060 |
| nucleoproteins of animal influenza viruses, in contrast to those of human strains, are not cleaved in infected cells. | we previously reported that nucleoproteins (nps) of human influenza viruses are cleaved in infected cells and, as a result, two forms of np, uncleaved (mol. wt. 56000) and cleaved (mol. wt. 53000) were accumulated late in infection. here, we report that nps of animal influenza viruses of non-human origin (isolated from pigs, equids , seals, whales, birds) exhibited proteolytic resistance in infected cells and did not undergo a change in mol. wt. in the course of infection. the resistance of the ... | 1984 | 6374032 |
| influenza a virus infection imitating bacterial sepsis in early infancy. | clinical and laboratory data of 12 previously healthy infants under 3 months of age hospitalized for suspected sepsis and subsequently diagnosed as suffering from influenza a viral infection were obtained prospectively during two epidemics of influenza a/bangkok/h3n2 epidemics. the onset of the illness was generally acute, and the infants presented with high fever, lethargy often alternating with irritability, anorexia and signs of upper respiratory tract infection. history of contact with at le ... | 1984 | 6377255 |
| trials of live attenuated influenza virus vaccine in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. (mrc advisory group on pulmonary function tests in relation to live influenza vaccines). | three controlled trials of attenuated live influenza vaccines in patients with chronic bronchitis with airways obstruction are described. a recombinant virus with parentage from pr8/34 (h1n1) and a/alaska/77 (h3n2) was present in the vaccine (rit 4199) used in the first two trials. in the third trial a cold-adapted recombinant virus vaccine (a/washington/80, h3n2) was used. no adverse effects were noted in the first two trials in which half of the patients responded serologically to the vaccine. ... | 1984 | 6378239 |
| interpretation of responses and protective levels of antibody against attenuated influenza a viruses using single radial haemolysis. | antibody determinations against h3n2 and h1n1 type a influenza viruses were carried out on paired sera obtained from volunteers taking part in influenza virus vaccine studies, using both the haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and single radial haemolysis (srh) test. good correlation between the hi and srh test was found for both h3n2 and h1n1 antibody and the zone area increases corresponding to significant srh antibody rises determined for both virus strains. in both h3n2 and h1n1 vaccine studie ... | 1984 | 6389697 |
| influenza virus in ruminants: a review. | the host range and pathology of influenza viruses in ruminants is not yet known. however, based on published results of serological and viral studies the following epidemiological features are documented. positive serology using the complement-fixation technique has been reported for a2/japan/305/57, sw/15, sw/shope/58, a/equi/prague/57, and b/johannesburg/59 in the united states and against a and b viruses in italy. using the hemagglutination inhibition test, positive findings have been reporte ... | 1984 | 6390588 |
| [comparative studies on the detection of antibodies to influenza virus antigen using enzyme immunoassay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis]. | antibodies to influenza nib-6 (h1n1) and a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) were measured by enzyme immunoassay (eia) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) in sera from 87 adult volunteers following influenza vaccination. the results of both methods correlated with each other (r = 0,41 and r = 0,32 for both viruses). the eia procedure employed in the present study was more sensitive than the cie. | 1984 | 6390994 |
| analysis by monoclonal antibodies of h3n2 subtype of influenza a viruses in japan and south east asia during 1980-1982. | 1984 | 6431023 | |
| the role of hypothalamic centres in the immune specific response. | four groups of rats were bilaterally lesioned in the anterior, lateral, tuberal and mammillary areas of hypothalamus. seven days later these rats, as well as controls, were immunized concomitantly with three antigens: salmonella enteritidis, sheep red blood cells and myxovirus influenzae a (h3n2). the primary and the secondary response were tested. the bacterial and erythrocytic antigens, with marked immunogenetic capacity, produced immune responses, which were not significantly influenced by hy ... | 1984 | 6441174 |
| [comparative indices of the formation and protective activity of antibodies during honk kong influenza a epidemics]. | in the period of circulation of influenza a/hong kong (h3n2) virus and its antigenic varieties in 1969-1976, more than 45,000 serum specimens from patients, donors, and subjects of various ages from permanently observed contingents were examined serologically by hi and cft. the long persistence in the human population of heterologous immunity to viruses of new or old subtypes was shown to be due to its constant stimulation in the period of any subsequent influenza a epidemic. under conditions of ... | 1981 | 6455011 |
| [immunogenic properties of epidemic and recombinant strains of influenza viruses h1n1 and h3n2]. | the study of the immunogenic properties of epidemic influenza viruses h1n1 and h3n2 isolated from patients in 1979-1982 revealed a high immunogenic activity of h3n2 viruses. recombinant strains of both subtypes (h1n1 and h3n2) had a higher immunogenicity than the original viruses. the intensity of immunity determined for an antigenically close pathogenic strain was considerably higher than for an antigenically remote pathogenic virus which is important for obtaining accurate information on the i ... | 1984 | 6464424 |
| transplacental passage of influenza a/bangkok (h3n2) mimicking amniotic fluid infection syndrome. | influenza virus infection complicating pregnancy remains a matter of concern because of the frequency of these infections and possible associated increased maternal and perinatal risks. influenza a/bangkok (h3n2) infection occurred in a gravid woman in association with fever, chills, and uterine tenderness and contractions together with maternal and fetal tachycardia. initial evaluations led to consideration of amniotic fluid infection syndrome with planned termination of the pregnancy. examinat ... | 1984 | 6465250 |
| safety of prolonged administration of rimantadine hydrochloride in the prophylaxis of influenza a virus infections in nursing homes. | we evaluated the safety of rimantadine hydrochloride (rh) prophylaxis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in three nursing homes during a community epidemic of influenza a (h3n2). although daily monitoring of the 35 participants revealed an association between rh administration (100 mg twice a day) and the development of nausea and anxiety (p less than 0.05), these and other potential side effects were transient and were rarely considered to be clinically significant. serum rh levels mea ... | 1984 | 6476812 |
| [detection of influenza virus a antigens by radioimmunological methods in patients' nasopharyngeal washings]. | 9olid-phase radioimmunoassay (spria) was used for the detection of influenza a (h3n2,h1n1) and b viruses in nasopharyngeal washings of patients admitted in january-march, 1983, to the 1st clinical hospital of moscow city with acute respiratory diseases. the solid phase consisted of nitrocellulose filters and plastic plates which were coated with nasopharyngeal washings of the patients. rabbit or horse antiviral immunoglobulins were used as antibodies. 125i-labeled protein a was the indicator sys ... | 1984 | 6495704 |
| live attenuated influenza a virus vaccines in children: results of a field trial. | one hundred three young children were inoculated intranasally with either influenza a/california/10/78 cold-recombinant vaccine (10(6.7) 50% tissue culture infective doses [tcid50] per child), cr-37 (h1n1), or influenza a/washington/897/80 cold-recombinant vaccine (10(6.5) tcid50 per child), cr-48 (h3n2). the vaccine was well tolerated. of the 51 children vaccinated with cr-37 (h1n1), 45 were initially seronegative for this virus; 33 of the 45 became infected with the vaccine virus, as indicated ... | 1984 | 6501927 |
| [immunity against influenza virus types a and b in the ruhr region]. | haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against influenza virus types a and b were determined in the sera of 733 healthy persons among the population of the ruhr region. the receptivity rate for the total population to strains a/philippines 2/82 (h3n2) and a/brazil 1/78 (h1n1) was 60% and 80%, respectively. it was as high as greater than 95% with respect to type b (hongkong). these findings support the call for more widespread anti-influenza vaccination during the winter half-year. | 1984 | 6510247 |
| [persistent influenza virus infection in a mdck cell culture]. | a model of persistent influenza infection (pii) induced by influenza a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2) virus in mdck cell culture has been constructed. the model was observed for 165 days. it was characterized by the lack of visible signs of virus reproduction, a low number of antigen-containing cells (0.02-0.05%), irregular virus isolation (at 20, 28, 32, 44, 52, 62, 92, 135, 148, 158 days after primary inoculation) which was possible only with special methods. interferon and dip were found not to be the ... | 1984 | 6516326 |
| [changes in the population composition of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and the humoral immune response of persons inoculated with live influenza vaccines]. | live influenza vaccines prepared from influenza virus strains h/32/5 (h1n1) and h/1/2/17 (h3n2) induce the formation of humoral immunity only in a part of the vaccinees and cause the transitory quantitative deficiency of t-lymphocytes in their blood, resulting in the poorly pronounced booster effect of the subsequent revaccination. | 1984 | 6524175 |
| studies on the adaptation of influenza viruses to mdck cells. | the amino acid sequences and biological properties of the haemagglutinin of three variants of the influenza virus x-31 (h3n2) selected for their capacity to grow in mdck cells are reported. in two variants, amino acid substitutions at ha1 residues 8 and 144 correlated with the loss of a site for glycosylation and specific changes in antigenicity, respectively. in all three variants substitution of an arginine residue for histidine at ha1 position 17 was correlated with increased ph optima of hae ... | 1984 | 6526017 |
| comparison of monoclonal antibodies with ferret sera for the characterization of influenza a (h3n2) virus strains in a computer system. | a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies was generated against five different influenza a (h3n2) virus strains, isolated between 1977 and 1980. monoclonal antibodies with defined specificities in haemagglutination inhibition tests for the strains against which they had been raised were selected. eventually 18 of these were chosen and tested against a large number of recent h3n2 isolates. the results were compared with those obtained with antisera from ferrets immunized with the five strains menti ... | 1984 | 6526140 |
| responses to one or two doses of a deoxycholate subunit influenza vaccine in a primed population. | a trial with a trivalent influenza subunit vaccine prepared with sodium deoxycholate was carried out in 88 volunteers between may and november 1981. each haemagglutinin antigen was present at 7 micrograms per dose. fourfold or greater haemagglutination inhibition antibody (hi) responses to the h1n1 virus a/brazil/11/78 occurred in 70% of volunteers following a single dose. for the h3n2 virus a/bangkok/1/79 and b/singapore/222/79 these figures were 52 and 11%, respectively. no increase in the ant ... | 1984 | 6531951 |
| inactivated influenza virus vaccines in man: a comparative study of subunit and split vaccines using two methods for assessment of antibody responses. | the serum antibody responses and reactions of volunteers to a trivalent subunit influenza virus vaccine prepared using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) or trivalent split vaccine prepared by ether-extraction, were essentially similar, although the antibody levels to the a/brazil/78 (h1n1) components of the vaccine were greater in volunteers receiving the subunit preparation. antibody responses to the vaccines were assessed using both the haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and single radial ... | 1984 | 6531953 |
| characterization of the genotype and level of attenuation of an influenza a reassortant virus produced by mating the xia-ts donor virus with a/beijing/70 (h1n1) wild type virus. | two h1n1 progeny viruses derived by mating the attenuated donor virus, the a/ningxia/72-ts (h3n2), and the a/beijing/70 (h1n1) wild type virus were characterized for their genotype and their level of attenuation in susceptible adult volunteers. one progeny virus, clone px62, was not a reassortant since it received each of its eight rna segments from the h1n1 wild type virus. this virus caused febrile influenza illness. another progeny virus, clone pxh107, was a reassortant which received the gen ... | 1984 | 6531960 |
| use of zwitterionic detergent for the preparation of an influenza virus vaccine. 1: preparation and characterization of disrupted virions. | the zwitterionic, empigen bb an alkylbetaine based on a c12-c14 alcohol was shown to disrupt influenza a and b viruses in such a way as to retain the biological activity of the surface haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) antigens. the optimal conditions required to obtain the maximum recovery of ha and na activity from purified influenza x47 (h3n2) virus concentrate after treatment with empigen, and the nature and the morphological appearance of the empigen-treated preparations both befor ... | 1984 | 6531961 |
| [epidemiologic surveillance of influenza in rome (1981-1982)]. | in the period from september 1981 to april 1982, one strain of influenza virus (a-h3n2) was isolated from 121 throat cultures obtained from patients with acute febrile respiratory disease. a sero-epidemiological survey on 520 serum samples and evaluation of excess mortality from respiratory diseases did not show significant activity of influenza viruses during the period from october 1981 to october 1982. | 1984 | 6534394 |
| influenza surveillance in rio de janeiro between 1980-1981: a virological and serological study. | laboratory surveillance of influenza has shown a low virus activity in rio de janeiro during 1980 and 1981. a few influenza a (h3n2) viruses were isolated in both years during the winter months. serological investigations showed that this subtype has circulated mostly among children under 10 years of age. no h1n1 virus was isolated but an increase in the proportion of adults with antibody to this virus was noted in sera collected in 1981. influenza b virus was isolated from children in the sprin ... | 1984 | 6535914 |
| peculiarities of influenza infection caused by highly and poorly immunogenic strains of influenza virus. | the authors studied the peculiarities of the course of experimental influenza infection induced by the administration of highly and poorly immunogenic strains of influenza virus to mice. influenza viruses with varying immunogenic activity were obtained from the vaccine strain a/victoria/35/72/50 (h3n2) by immunoselection modelling the process of natural selection. the administration of strains with high and poor immunogenicity to mice of the f1 (cba x c57b1) line led to the development of acute ... | 1984 | 6544322 |
| [nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin gene of the influenza virus a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2)]. | 1984 | 6548691 | |
| shared idiotopes among monoclonal antibodies specific for a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and x-31(h3n2) influenza viruses. | a monoclonal antibody specific for the hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza a x-31 (h3n2) virus (x-31) was obtained during a fusion of spleen cells from a balb/c mouse immunized with influenza a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) virus (pr8). this monoclonal antibody (py206) shares crossreactive idiotopes expressed on several monoclonal antibodies specific for pr8 ha and x-31 ha as well as an individual idiotope shared with one monoclonal antibody specific for x-31 ha. the presence of shared idiotypy among antibodies of ... | 1984 | 6584913 |
| laboratory-based surveillance of influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) viruses in 1980-81: antigenic and genomic analyses. | during 1981, the a/brazil/11/78-like strains of influenza virus that had been prevalent from 1978 to 1980 were displaced by a new set of heterogeneous, but closely related, variants (reference strain, a/england/333/80). genomic analysis revealed that these new variants were almost exclusively nonrecombinant h1n1 viruses, i.e., they contained no genes of h3n2 origin. however, a few recombinant viruses containing the new variant ha and genes of h3n2 origin were identified. antigenic analysis of h3 ... | 1983 | 6601537 |
| priming of virus-immune memory t cells in newborn mice. | neonatal balb/c mice can be primed at birth by intravenous inoculation of a small dose of a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1) (pr8) influenza virus. uv-inactivated pr8 virus, or pr8 virus complexed with monoclonal antibody to give a secondary cytotoxic t lymphocyte response when restimulated in vitro as adults. the frequency of responding t cells after secondary stimulation in vitro is approximately 40% of that found for adult mice primed intraperitoneally with a large dose of pr8 virus. the majority of t ... | 1984 | 6606624 |
| specificity of in vitro anti-influenza virus antibody production by human lymphocytes: analysis of original antigenic sin by limiting dilution cultures. | the fine specificity of the antibody produced in in vitro cultures of human lymphocytes stimulated with influenza virus was investigated. the antibody was specific for the stimulating type of virus in that cultures stimulated with type b influenza virus made little or no antibody to type a viruses and vice versa. there was a degree of cross-reactivity among the type a viruses, however, both within and between subtypes. in general, more antibody was made to the stimulating strain of virus than to ... | 1984 | 6606679 |
| [humoral immunity to influenza a and b viruses in the blood sera of children younger than 14 in 1981]. | blood sera from 317 children with the history of noninfectious diseases or normal children pretreated with rde were collected and examined for antihemagglutinins to 7 influenza virus strains in order to check the results of studies of 1980 and to study the immunity status to influenza a (h1n1), a (h2n2), a (h3n2) and b in the preepidemic period of 1981. negative results of antihemagglutinin detection to influenza a/iksha/1/57 (h2n2) in sera of all the children have confirmed the conclusion made ... | 1983 | 6606903 |
| results of a two-year study of humoral immunity to influenza a and b viruses in children under the age of 14 years in moscow and its suburbs. | a serological survey of antibodies to influenza a(h1n1), a(h2n2), a(h3n2) and b viruses was done with sera collected in moscow in october 1980 and november 1981 from 542 children under 14 years of age. the results of the study showed convincingly that influenza a(h2n2) viruses were not circulating in moscow in 1980-81. low titres found in the sera from four young children were due to cross-reactions which were eliminated from the sera by absorption with a/ussr/174/79(h3n2) virus. low-level hi ti ... | 1984 | 6609021 |
| human influenza virus infection in mink: serological evidence of infection in summer and autumn. | during the period from july to november 1981, 42 out of 128 young mink of a flock were found to possess antibodies against the viruses a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) and a/kumamoto/37/79 (h1n1), which were currently prevailing human influenza viruses. seroconversion against a/bangkok/1/79 was found in 12 mink from august to november. hi antibody titers of greater than 1: 128 were found in 8 out of 42 mink at the first examination in july and august. these findings suggest that infection with these human ... | 1983 | 6612982 |
| phenotypic variation in influenza virus reassortants with identical gene constellations. | to determine which gene segments of influenza a viruses are responsible for the property of tissue tropism, reassortants were produced between the avian influenza strain, a/mal/ny/6750/78 [h2n2] (mal/ny), and a human strain, a/udorn/307/72 [h3n2] (udorn). the avian strain replicates in the intestinal tract of ducks and the human strain does not. eight reassortants were shown by hybridization analysis to have the same gene constellation, having received hemagglutinin gene segment 4 from udorn and ... | 1983 | 6612991 |
| evaluation of the a/seal/mass/1/80 virus in squirrel monkeys. | an influenza a virus isolated from seals [a/seal/mass/1/80 (h7n7)] and an isolate of this virus obtained from a human conjunctiva were evaluated for replication and virulence in squirrel monkeys. when the seal virus was administered intratracheally, it replicated in lungs and nasopharynges and induced illness almost to the same extent that a human influenza a virus [a/udorn/72 (h3n2)] did. in one monkey that died of pneumonia, the seal virus was recovered from spleen, liver, and muscle as well a ... | 1983 | 6618672 |
| direct isolation of h1n2 recombinant virus from a throat swab of a patient simultaneously infected with h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a viruses. | two h1n2 recombinant viruses were isolated by a plaquing method from a throat swab of a patient who was simultaneously infected with h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses during the tokyo epidemic of 1981. this is the first direct evidence that recombination of influenza viruses occurred in the human body. | 1983 | 6619292 |
| variation in frequency of natural reinfection with influenza a viruses. | to investigate the frequency of natural reinfection with influenza a viruses, 55 children followed from birth along with the 44 other children and 85 adults in their families were observed for varying periods between 1975 and 1981 in the houston family study. persons infected in 1976 or early 1977 with influenza a subtype h3n2 experienced a high rate of reinfection during the 1977-78 season (63% in one group of young children) and additional reinfections in 1980-81. persons in whom h3n2 infectio ... | 1983 | 6619811 |
| reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and antibody persistence in adults given inactivated influenza virus vaccines - 1978. | monovalent a/ussr/77 (h1n1) and trivalent a/ussr/77, a/texas/77 (h3n2), and b/hong kong/72 influenza virus vaccines from four manufacturers were tested in 292 adult volunteers. systemic reactions were mild and resembled those with 1976 (swine) vaccines containing similar doses (in micrograms) of viral hemagglutinin. trivalent vaccines caused more local inflammation than did monovalent, especially in older women. two doses containing 7 micrograms of hemagglutinin each were required to induce a ti ... | 1983 | 6622888 |
| [isolation and characteristics of the hemagglutinin and its light and heavy chains from influenza virus a/leningrad (h3n2)]. | 1983 | 6628199 | |
| excess deaths attributable to influenza in england and wales: age at death and certified cause. | the multiple regression statistical method has already been used to estimate excess deaths attributable to influenza in england and wales by winter period. now we report further studies of deaths by age group and certified cause of death. during the ten winters since the influenza a/hong kong (h3n2) virus first arrived (1968/69 to 1977/78) there have been about 120,000 excess deaths. of these about 82% were estimated to be in those aged 65+ years, 17% in the 40-64 year age group and 1% in younge ... | 1983 | 6629624 |
| influenza surveillance in the pacific northwest 1976-1980. | between june 1976 and june 1980 active year-round surveillance for influenza was carried out in seattle in order to establish an early warning system. this report compares yield by different community groups and age. waves of influenza virus infection appearing in three successive springs were followed in each instance by epidemics with the same subtype virus(es) in the following winter. these included two co-circulating a/h3n2 variants (a/victoria/75 and a/texas/77) in spring 1977 and winter 19 ... | 1983 | 6629625 |
| analysis of antigenic drifts of h3n2 subtype of influenza type a viruses by monoclonal antibodies. | 1983 | 6630430 | |
| characterization of a cold-sensitive (cs) recombinant between two influenza a strains. | recombinants between fowl plague virus (fpv, h7n1) and the hong kong (h3n2) or singapore (h2n2) influenza virus strains carrying the hemagglutinin of fpv and the neuraminidase of the human strains form only very tiny plaques at 33 degrees, but normal plaques at 37 degrees. one recombinant (113/ho) has been studied in more detail. it multiplies only very slowly at 33 degrees, the nonpermissive temperature. adsorption and penetration are normal at 33 degrees, but synthesis of protein is impeded. t ... | 1983 | 6636541 |
| trivalent, inactivated influenza virus vaccine in children with sickle cell disease. | school-aged children with sickle cell disease who were administered a single dose of trivalent, inactivated influenza virus vaccine had serum antibody titers comparable to titers achieved in the two-dose trials carried out in 1978. the proportion exhibiting titers of 1:32 or greater ranged from 84% to 68% for the three antigens. preschool children with sickle cell disease received two doses of the same vaccine four weeks apart and their postimmunization titers to each of the antigens were slight ... | 1983 | 6637914 |
| the role of naturally-acquired bacterial infection in influenza-related death in neonatal ferrets. | concomitant, naturally-acquired bacterial infection was the cause of some deaths occurring in neonatal ferrets infected with the attenuated influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34, these being prevented by antibiotic therapy. bacterial infection played an insignificant role in the greater number of deaths following inoculation with the virulent clone 7a (of the recombinant influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69/(h3n2]. as seen previously with clone 7a some ferret neonates infected with a ... | 1983 | 6639875 |
| investigation of an outbreak of influenza by a/vict./3/75 (h3n2) virus strain in kharakwasla in 1980. | 1983 | 6654448 | |
| serum antibody responses in naturally occurring influenza a virus infection determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hemagglutination inhibition, and complement fixation. | serum antibody responses to influenza a virus infection were examined in 388 normal subjects during a trial of chemoprophylaxis in an outbreak of influenza a in 1980-1981 in which both a/h1n1 and a/h3n2 viruses circulated. paired serum specimens obtained over a 6-week period were tested for antibodies to both a/h1n1 and a/h3n2 viruses by conventional hemagglutination inhibition, complement fixation, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). antibody responses detected by elisa were deter ... | 1983 | 6655040 |
| [epizootic swine influenza on animal farms in brittany]. | since 1976, seroepidemiological surveys using radial haemolysis and isolation trials from samples collected from pigs at the abattoir showed that brittany was an important reservoir of swine subclinical infections due to the human influenza a viruses h3n2. influenza a h1sw n1sw subclinical infections sporadically occurred from 1979 to 1981. in january 1982 an epizootic started in finistère which spread from west to east. the h1sw and n1sw antigens of 28 stains isolated from 1979 to 1982 were stu ... | 1983 | 6658105 |
| [comparison of the 35s-methionine oligopeptide maps of influenza a virus np proteins]. | tryptic mapping of radioactive methionine-labeled np proteins of 15 species of human influenzae a viruses and 11 animal viruses was performed. on the basis of similarities and differences of peptide maps, np proteins were divided into 4 groups designated a, b, c, and d. group a included viruses a/ws/33 and a/pr/8/34; group b viruses h1n1 (apart from those isolated after 1977 and wsn virus), h2n2, h3n2, and 8 species of animal influenza viruses, group c 4 species of h1n1 viruses isolated in 1977- ... | 1983 | 6659469 |
| [radioimmunological analysis of the neuraminidase of influenza virus subtype n2]. | competitive radioimmunoassay in the homologous system using 125i-labeled neuraminidase (na) of a/japan/305/57 virus and antibodies to it showed that influenza viruses na of subtypes h2n2 (a/singapore/1/57 and a/tokyo/3/67) and h3n2 (a/aichi/2/68, a/england/42/72, a/port chalmers/1/73, and a/texas/1/77) had undergone clear antigenic change despite the presence of japan strain na determinant. the use of a heterologous system (125i-na of the japan strain--antibodies to na of england/42/72 strain) f ... | 1983 | 6659471 |
| [safety and high immunogenicity for children 3 to 15 of a mono- and a divaccine from recombinant influenza a/brazil /11/78 (h1n1) and a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) viruses obtained from a special donor attenuation base--the cold-adapted virus a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2)]. | the data on complete safety and high immunogenic potency of intranasal live influenza vaccine from the recombinant a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1) and a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) strains prepared with a special donor of attenuation, a cold-adapted a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) virus, have been obtained. the possibility of using a bivaccine from the recombinant strains constructed on the basis of a single donor of attenuation and inheriting from it most of the genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins was demonst ... | 1983 | 6670253 |
| [circulation of influenza a (h3n2) virus in the winter and spring of 1983 in moldavia]. | 1983 | 6676860 | |
| evolution of the nucleotide sequence of influenza virus rna segment 7 during drift of the h3n2 subtype. | the complete genetic information contained in the influenza virus rna segment 7 of the a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) strain has been cloned by in vitro synthesis of the complementary dsdna and its insertion into plasmid pbr322. the nucleotide sequence of the viral rna segment has been determined from the cdna insert. it is 1027 nucleotides long, and contains two open reading frames, as shown for other influenza virus strains. when compared with the previously published sequence for the a/udorn/72 (h3n2) ... | 1983 | 6688599 |
| relative immunogenicity of the cold-adapted influenza virus a/ann arbor/6/60 (a/aa/6/60-ca), recombinants of a/aa/6/60-ca, and parental strains with similar surface antigens. | the immunogenicity of several cold-adapted (ca) viruses was compared in csl mice with that of wild-type parental viruses with similar surface antigens, according to the vaccinating dose required to clear a challenge consisting of 10(4.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses of the wild-type virus. all ca viruses were less immunogenic than their wild-type parental strains by a factor of 10(1.3) to 10(3.4), probably due to the restricted capacity of ca viruses to replicate in the respiratory tracts ... | 1984 | 6693167 |
| studies of a recombinant which inherited the haemagglutinin from the human influenza virus a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) and other genes from influenza virus a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (h3n8). | a recombinant (r3/3) has been obtained which inherited the gene coding for the haemagglutinin from human influenza virus a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2), and seven other genes from influenza virus a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (h3n8). the recombinant r3/3 had properties, a ts+ phenotype and a capability of reproducing in chick embryos, similar to those of the duck influenza virus, but, in contrast to this parent, had lost its ability to reproduce in organ cultures of colon of ducks and chickens as well as in mono ... | 1984 | 6693854 |
| combined interferon-alpha 2, rimantadine hydrochloride, and ribavirin inhibition of influenza virus replication in vitro. | recombinant dna-produced human interferon-alpha 2 inhibited the replication of influenza a and b viruses in primary rhesus monkey kidney cells (rmk). human interferon-alpha 2 interacted additively or synergistically with rimantadine hydrochloride or ribavirin in reducing the yield of clinical isolates of either h3n2 or h1n1 subtype influenza a viruses. the combination of human interferon-alpha 2 and ribavirin also inhibited the replication of an influenza b virus to a greater extent than either ... | 1984 | 6703684 |
| human sera possess a limited antibody repertoire to influenza neuraminidase antigenic variants selected in vitro. | four antigenic variants of the neuraminidase (na) of a/texas/77 (h3n2) virus were selected using monoclonal antibody at a frequency of one variant in 10(5) parental virions. the antigenic variants failed to react serologically with the monoclonal antibody used for their selection in vitro. the antigenic variants failed also to react serologically with a proportion of sera from children and adults although all of the sera reacted with the parental a/texas/77 virus. thus, certain human sera have a ... | 1984 | 6707473 |
| epidemiological evaluation of the protection conferred by the nivgrip vaccine against influenza caused by the a(h3n2) virus. | the protection conferred by the inactivated influenza vaccine nivgrip against influenza caused by the a(h3n2) virus was demonstrated in three school communities of a large urban centre during the epidemic outbreaks occurring in the winter season of 1983. the specific protection was reflected by the lower morbidity by influenza-like respiratory infections and by the absence or scarcity of postinfluenza complications in vaccinees. | 1984 | 6710860 |
| [isolation of natural cold variants from influenza virus strains similar to a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2)]. | two natural cold variants were isolated from influenza virus strains similar to a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) and their antigenic and some biological properties were studied in comparison with the original strains. no correlation between the temperature sensitivity of the strains and other properties was found. | 1984 | 6710976 |
| [molecular genetic analysis of a cold-adapted donor attenuation strain for a pediatric liver influenza vaccine, of recombinants based on it and of isolates from vaccinated children]. | the recombination test demonstrated that in the genome of a highly attenuated cold-adapted variant of influenza a/leningrad/134/47/57 virus five genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins (1, 2, 5, 7, 8) carried ts mutations. hybridization of this variant with epidemically important strains of influenza h1n1 and h3n2 viruses produced recombinants which inherited hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from the epidemic strains and 5 (h1n1) and 6 (h3n2) genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins from the c ... | 1984 | 6710977 |
| [cold-adapted strain of a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2)--a special attenuation donor of live influenza vaccine for children and the isolation of its recombinants]. | a cold-adapted a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) strain, a special donor of attenuation for generation of recombinant vaccine strains safe for children, has been developed and characterized. the genetic markers of this virus (temperature sensitivity of the cold-adapted strain, temperature optimum of the neuraminidase activity) were compared with those of a/leningrad/134/17/57 (h2n2) strain, a donor of attenuation for a live influenza vaccine for adults. the a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) strain was fou ... | 1984 | 6710978 |
| a pseudo-outbreak of influenza a associated with use of laboratory stock strain. | in november 1982, when influenza type a(h3n2) viruses were spreading in the united states, influenza a(h1n1) viruses were reportedly isolated from 10 hospitalized patients in new mexico, only two of whom had influenza-like illnesses. reference stock influenza a/fort monmouth (fm)/1/47(h1n1) virus had been used to prepare fluorescent antibody test slides in the laboratory reporting the isolates. after investigation, it was concluded that the isolates from the patients' cultures were a result of l ... | 1984 | 6721019 |
| recombinant cold-adapted attenuated influenza a vaccines for use in children: molecular genetic analysis of the cold-adapted donor and recombinants. | a previously described cold-adapted attenuated virus, a/leningrad/134/17/57 (h2n2), was further modified by 30 additional passages in chicken embryos at 25 degrees c. this virus had a distinct temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype, grew well in chicken embryos at 25 degrees c, and failed to recombine with reference ts mutants of fowl plague virus containing ts lesions in five genes coding for non-glycosylated proteins (genes 1, 2, 5, 7, and 8). recombination of a/leningrad/134/47/57 with wild-typ ... | 1984 | 6724694 |
| recombinant cold-adapted attenuated influenza a vaccines for use in children: reactogenicity and antigenic activity of cold-adapted recombinants and analysis of isolates from the vaccinees. | reactogenicity and antigenic activity of recombinants obtained by crossing cold-adapted donor of attenuation a/leningrad/134/47/57 with wild-type influenza virus strains a/leningrad/322/79(h1n1) and a/bangkok/1/79(h3n2) were studied. the recombinants were areactogenic when administered as an intranasal spray to children aged 3 to 15, including those who lacked or had only low titers of pre-existing anti-hemagglutinin and anti-neuraminidase antibody in their blood. after two administrations of va ... | 1984 | 6724695 |
| dose response of influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) cold-adapted reassortant virus in adult volunteers. | 1984 | 6726006 | |
| sialidase assay by luminescence in the low picomole-range of sialic acid. its application to the measurement of this activity in influenza virus. | a new procedure for a sialidase assay, by bioluminescence, has been developed. the substrate, n- acetylneuraminyllactose (sialyllactose), hydrolysed by the sialidase activity, releases lactose. this lactose is hydrolysed with beta-galactosidase. the released galactose is oxidized with galactose dehydrogenase and nad. the nadh produced in the last step is measured by a luminescence system, coupling two enzymes, nad(p)h dehydrogenase (fmn) and luciferase. this microassay, which is specific, rapid, ... | 1984 | 6735352 |
| a one-year study of trivalent influenza vaccines in primed and unprimed volunteers: immunogenicity, clinical reactions and protection. | three hundred volunteers were divided into two age groups, 14-30 years and 31-60 years. each participant was immunized intramuscularly with a subunit, whole virus or absorbed whole virus vaccine, containing a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2), a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1) and b/singapore/222/79 influenza virus. serum haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody response, protection, and reactogenicity were studied after one and two doses of the vaccines. primary immunization induced much higher percentages of hi antib ... | 1984 | 6736638 |
| age and secular distributions of virus-proven influenza patients in successive epidemics 1961-1976 in cirencester: epidemiological significance discussed. | a general practice population of around 3900, under continuous clinical and laboratory surveillance, experienced 20 outbreaks of influenza between march 1960 and march 1976. four epidemics were caused by subtype h2n2 type a viruses, seven by subtype h3n2 type a viruses and nine outbreaks by type b viruses. the age of every person proved virologically to have influenza is related to the age structure of the community and to the phase of the epidemic in which the virus-positive specimens were coll ... | 1984 | 6736641 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of a highly cytolytic influenza b virus variant with an aberrant ns gene. | by repeated backcrosses of influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) with b/yamagata/1/73 in mdck cells, a virus clone with ha of b serotype (clone b/610b5b/201, or clone 201) was obtained, which formed sharp plaques in mdck cells and induced a severe cell lysis early after infection. its structural proteins were indistinguishable from those of b/yamagata. electrophoresis of the rna of the clone also showed an identical pattern to that of b/yamagata except rna segment 8 (ns gene), which migrated faste ... | 1984 | 6740944 |
| pulmonary deposition and clearance of aerosolized interferon. | small particle aerosols of a hybrid dna recombinant human alpha interferon, a/d bgl, and a related dna recombinant leukocyte interferon, a, were generated and delivered to mice for 23.5 h a day for 4 consecutive days. the antiviral activity of these interferons in delivery reservoirs, in the aerosols generated, and in the lungs of test mice was monitored during and after aerosol administration in cytopathic effect inhibition assays, using vesicular stomatitis virus as the indicator virus. in add ... | 1984 | 6742817 |
| [antibody formation and preservation against the envelope antigens of influenza virus subtype a(h3n2) after infection and vaccination]. | 1982 | 6764986 | |
| evaluation of three strains of influenza a virus in humans and in owl, cebus, and squirrel monkeys. | the virulence of three cloned influenza a viruses was compared in humans and in three readily available species of nonhuman primates (owl, squirrel, and cebus monkeys) in an attempt to identify a species of monkey that could be used to investigate the genetic basis of attenuation of influenza a viruses for humans. three influenza a viruses from two subtypes, i.e., the a/udorn/72 (h3n2), a/alaska/77 (h3h2), and a/hong kong/77 (h1h1) viruses, produced febrile influenzal illness in humans. squirrel ... | 1980 | 6772565 |
| [comparison between killed subunit influenza vaccines and whole virion preparations: study of reactions and protective efficacy in children and adults]. | three hundred eight subjects (of whom 103 children aged 6-12 years) were vaccinated with trivalent--a/ussr/90/77 (h1n1), a/texas/1/77 (h3n2), b/hong kong/8/73 strains--influenza virus vaccines, two of them sub-unit and the third whole-virus preparation. children and adolescent received two doses with an interval of 4 weeks, adults one dose only. the results of the determination by single radial diffusion test of the hemagglutinin amount for each of the three vaccinal strains and the data of the ... | 1980 | 6778485 |
| the role of carbohydrate in determining the immunochemical properties of the hemagglutinin of influenza a virus. | most of the carbohydrate was removed from influenza virus mrc ii (h3n2) and its purified hemagglutinin (ha) on treatment with glycosidases, including alpha-mannosidase, beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha-fucosidase. the release of 50 per cent of the carbohydrate from intact virus particles significantly affected hemagglutinating activity. the ability of untreated and glycosidase-treated virus to inhibit the binding of antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin was almo ... | 1981 | 6784704 |
| reversed single-radial-immunodiffusion test: the method for the assay of the antibody to influenza a nucleoprotein. | the reversed single-radial-immunodiffusion (r-srd) test using the avian-origin influenza a virus, a/chicken/germany "n'/49 (hav2neql) disrupted with 1.0% sarkosyl, was established as the quantitative method for the assay of a type-specific antibody, particularly of an anti-nucleoprotein antibody, in human sera. under the test conditions, human sera produced a definite opalescent zone around the well and the annulus area was found to have a high correlation to the antibody level of type a influen ... | 1981 | 6797098 |
| isolation of influenza a viruses from birds in great britain during 1980 and 1981. | during 1980 and 1981 influenza a viruses of subtypes h3n2, h3n8, h4n1, h4n6, h6n2, h6n8, h7n7, h11n8 and h11n9 were isolated from birds in great britain, usually as a result of investigations of disease or death. however, all viruses were shown to be of low virulence for chickens in pathogenicity index tests. there was one occurrence of influenza virus infection of turkeys (h6n8) but viruses were frequently obtained from domestic ducks. other viruses were isolated from exotic birds in zoos or bi ... | 1982 | 6815876 |
| influenza a(h3n2) virus isolations--united states. | 1982 | 6818449 | |
| update: influenza virus a(h3n2) isolations - united states. | 1982 | 6819441 | |
| individuals infected with two subtypes of influenza a virus in the same season. | participants in the houston family study were observed during a period of two mixed outbreaks due to two subtypes of influenza a virus: h3n2 and h1n1 (1977-1981). virus specimens, serum samples, and clinical records were obtained to identify and characterize infections. in 1977-1978, 40% of 238 persons in 59 families were infected by influenza a virus (h3n2), 11% by influenza a virus (h1n1), and 4% by both. in 1980-1981, for 319 persons in 79 families, the corresponding rates were 27%, 20%, and ... | 1983 | 6822747 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a/udorn/72 (h3n2) virus. iii. genetic analysis of temperature-dependent host range mutants. | one hundred thirty-three ts mutants of influenza a/udorn/72 virus were arranged into eight complementation groups, a-h, on madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) monolayer cultures at the restrictive temperature of 40 degrees. the eight complementation groups, a-h, on mdck cells corresponded to the eight recombination groups, a-h, on rhesus monkey kidney (rmk) cells, respectively, and this suggested that each mdck complementation group represented one of the eight influenza a rna gene segments. these ... | 1983 | 6823745 |
| anti-influenza a activity of combinations of amantadine and ribavirin in ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium. | the anti-influenza a activities of amantadine and ribavirin were investigated separately and in combination. ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium was continuously exposed to the drugs at concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/l) comparable to those found in human serum after oral administration. each drug alone produced a modest delay in a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) induced cytopathic effect. the combination of drugs synergistically delayed cytopathic effect. at 1 mg/l of each, cytopathic effect was prevent ... | 1983 | 6826488 |
| isolation of respiratory syncytial and influenza viruses from the sputum of patients hospitalized with pneumonia. | routinely collected sputum specimens from 100 adults hospitalized with pneumonia were frozen at -70 c until inoculation into madin-darby canine kidney, fetal tonsil, and esophageal epithelial cells. six influenza a (h3n2) viruses, two respiratory syncytial viruses, three rhinoviruses, and nine herpes simplex viruses were recovered. four patients with influenza virus and one with respiratory syncytial virus isolated had nosocomial pneumonia. viral isolation from sputum specimens may aid the diagn ... | 1983 | 6827134 |
| temperature-sensitive influenza a virus clones originated by a cross between a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) and b/yamagata/1/73. | a genetic cross was performed between influenza viruses b/yamagata/1/73 and clone 6-10, an a type influenza virus derived from a cross between a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) and b/yamagata. efficiency of plating of b/yamagata at 39.5 degrees c was less than 10(-3) in mdck cells, while that of clone 6-10 or a/aichi was higher than 10(-1). four of the 15 clones selected for ha of aichi serotype from the mixed yield, where type b virus was predominant over type a, were temperature-sensitive (ts), with efficie ... | 1983 | 6830443 |
| interference following dual inoculation with influenza a (h3n2) and (h1n1) viruses in ferrets and volunteers. | the effects of simultaneous inoculation with two attenuated influenza a viruses was studied in ferrets and volunteers. groups of ferrets were inoculated with an influenza a (h3n2) or (h1n1), virus or a combination of both viruses: the temperature response, serum and local antibody response, and the change in nasal wash protein concentration was determined. the results showed that both viruses were attenuated for ferrets, and that inoculation with both viruses together did not cause clinical reac ... | 1983 | 6834013 |
| [influenza in the winter of 1982-1983, caused by the a-h3n2 virus]. | 1983 | 6843700 | |
| [ph-dependent hemolytic and neuraminidase activity of remantadine-sensitive and -resistant variants of influenza virus]. | a comparative study of ph-dependence of hemolytic and neuraminidase activities of four remantadin-sensitive influenza a virus strains capv (classical avian plague virus) (h7n7), ussr/090/77 (h1n1), ann arbor (h2n2), and texas (h3n2) and their remantadin-resistant variants was carried out. the original strains were shown to produce hemolysis in a narrow ph range (5.0 and 5.5) and to have maximal neuraminidase activity at the same ph values. in remantadin-resistant variants the optimal ph values f ... | 1983 | 6845715 |
| prevalence of influenza viruses a-h1n1 and a-h3n2 in swine in the netherlands. | in the period december 1979-may 1980 a respiratory disease spread rapidly through pig herds in the netherlands. surveillance of 12 pig farms resulted in isolation of 22 influenza a-swine-h1n1 (hsw1n1) strains from 9 pig herds. the morbidity rate was high but the mortality rate was nil. retardation in growth was observed. sera collected from affected pig herds showed a fourfold increase in haemagglutination inhibition (hi) titre against a-swine-h1n1 virus. sera collected on five farms showed a ge ... | 1983 | 6851479 |
| dose response of a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) cold-adapted reassortant vaccine virus in adult volunteers: role of local antibody in resistance to infection with vaccine virus. | an attenuated influenza a candidate vaccine virus, derived from the a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) cold-adapted (ca) donor virus and the a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) wild-type virus, was evaluated in adult seronegative volunteers (serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer, less than or equal to 1:8) for level of attenuation, infectivity, antigenicity, and genetic stability. four groups with similar preinoculation mean titers of serum and nasal wash antibodies were inoculated intranasally with 10(4.5), 1 ... | 1983 | 6852910 |
| secretory immunological response after intranasal inactivated influenza a virus vaccinations: evidence for immunoglobulin a memory. | an intranasal, inactivated trivalent influenza a vaccine containing 7 micrograms of a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) hemagglutinin was administered to 20 children aged 1 to 6 years to assess the local and systemic immune responses to antigen delivered to the respiratory tract. six children without prior influenza virus infection exhibited no local immune response and manifested only a minimal systemic response to the intranasal vaccine. in contrast, five individuals who were previously infected with a live ... | 1983 | 6852914 |
| influenza infection in the infant mouse. | a nonlethal influenza infection [a/pc/1/73 (h3n2)] was given to infant mice to determine (1) the pathology of tracheal epithelium and lung, (2) the time course of viral shedding from the nose and lung, and (3) the subsequent development of protective immunity during adulthood. both desquamation of the tracheal epithelium and lung pathology similar to that described in adults after influenza infection were observed in the infant. animals infected at 3 days of age show virus shedding in 12 of 13 i ... | 1983 | 6856395 |