Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 block 2 in sites of contrasting altitudes and malaria endemicities in the mount cameroon region. | the present study analyzed the relationship between the genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum and parasitologic/entomologic indices in the mount cameroon region by using merozoite surface protein 1 as a genetic marker. blood samples were collected from asymptomatic children from three altitude zones (high, intermediate, and low). parasitologic and entomologic indices were determined by microscopy and landing catch mosquito collection/circumsporozoite protein-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assa ... | 0 | 22556072 |
| haemoglobin variants and plasmodium falciparum malaria in children under five years of age living in a high and seasonal malaria transmission area of burkina faso. | genetic factors play a key role in determining resistance/susceptibility to infectious disease. susceptibility of the human host to malaria infection has been reported to be influenced by genetic factors, which could be confounders if not taken into account in the assessment of the efficacy of interventions against malaria. this study aimed to assess the relationship between haemoglobin genotypes and malaria in children under five years in a site being characterized for future malaria vaccine tr ... | 2012 | 22559271 |
| integrated mosquito larval source management reduces larval numbers in two highland villages in western kenya. | in western kenya, malaria remains one of the major health problems and its control remains an important public health measure. malaria control is by either use of drugs to treat patients infected with malaria parasites or by controlling the vectors. vector control may target the free living adult or aquatic (larval) stages of mosquito. the most commonly applied control strategies target indoor resting mosquitoes. however, because mosquitoes spend a considerable time in water, targeting the aquat ... | 2012 | 22607227 |
| dry season reproductive depression of anopheles gambiae in the sahel. | the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, is widespread south of the sahara including in dry savannahs and semi-arid environments where no surface water exists for several months a year. adults of the m form of an. gambiae persist through the long dry season, when no surface waters are available, by increasing their maximal survival from 4 weeks to 7 months. dry season diapause (aestivation) presumably underlies this extended survival. diapause in adult insects is intrinsically linked to ... | 2012 | 22609421 |
| the anopheles gambiae ce5, a tight- and fast-binding thrombin inhibitor with post-transcriptionally regulated salivary-restricted expression. | mosquito saliva carries a large number of factors with anti-hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory activities. the ce5 protein was initially identified during an anopheles gambiae salivary gland transcriptome study and later shown to share sequence similarity with anophelin, a thrombin inhibitor from the saliva of the new world mosquito anopheles albimanus. the ce5 gene was found to encode different mrna isoforms coexisting in several tissues of both male and female mosquitoes, a hi ... | 2012 | 22617725 |
| seasonal variation in metabolic rate, flight activity and body size of anopheles gambiae in the sahel. | malaria in africa is vectored primarily by the anopheles gambiae complex. although the mechanisms of population persistence during the dry season are not yet known, targeting dry season mosquitoes could provide opportunities for vector control. in the sahel, it appears likely that m-form a. gambiae survive by aestivation (entering a dormant state). to assess the role of eco-physiological changes associated with dry season survival, we measured body size, flight activity and metabolic rate of wil ... | 0 | 22623189 |
| an affordable, quality-assured community-based system for high-resolution entomological surveillance of vector mosquitoes that reflects human malaria infection risk patterns. | more sensitive and scalable entomological surveillance tools are required to monitor low levels of transmission that are increasingly common across the tropics, particularly where vector control has been successful. a large-scale larviciding programme in urban dar es salaam, tanzania is supported by a community-based (cb) system for trapping adult mosquito densities to monitor programme performance. | 2012 | 22624853 |
| human exposure to anopheline mosquitoes occurs primarily indoors, even for users of insecticide-treated nets in luangwa valley, south-east zambia. | current front line malaria vector control methods such as indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), rely upon the preference of many primary vectors to feed and/or rest inside human habitations where they can be targeted with domestically-applied insecticidal products. we studied the human biting behaviour of the malaria vector anopheles funestus giles and the potential malaria vector anopheles quadriannulatus theobald in luangwa valley, south-east zambia. | 2012 | 22647493 |
| longitudinal follow-up of malaria transmission dynamics in two villages in a sahelian area of niger during a nationwide insecticide-treated bednet distribution programme. | malaria transmission was monitored in two villages in the sahel zone of niger over 4 years. during this period, a nationwide vector control programme was carried out in which insecticide-treated bednets were distributed free to mothers of children aged <5 years. anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) were found to be the major malaria vectors. the dynamics of an. gambiae s.l. did not vary dramatically over the study period although the proportion of female mosquitoes fou ... | 2012 | 22680979 |
| change in composition of the anopheles gambiae complex and its possible implications for the transmission of malaria and lymphatic filariasis in north-eastern tanzania. | a dramatic decline in the incidence of malaria due to plasmodium falciparum infection in coastal east africa has recently been reported to be paralleled (or even preceded) by an equally dramatic decline in malaria vector density, despite absence of organized vector control. as part of investigations into possible causes for the change in vector population density, the present study analysed the anopheles gambiae s.l. sibling species composition in north-eastern tanzania. | 2012 | 22681999 |
| identification and characterization of two chitin synthase genes in african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | chitin synthase (chs) represents an attractive target site for combating insect pests as insect growth and development are strictly dependent on precisely tuned chitin biosynthesis and this pathway is absent in humans and other vertebrates. current knowledge on chs in insects, especially their structures, functions, and regulations is still very limited. we report the identification and characterization of two chitin synthase genes, agchs1 and agchs2, in african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambi ... | 2012 | 22683441 |
| airflow attenuation and bed net utilization: observations from africa and asia. | qualitative studies suggest that bed nets affect the thermal comfort of users. to understand and reduce this discomfort the effect of bed nets on temperature, humidity, and airflow was measured in rural homes in asia and africa, as well as in an experimental wind tunnel. two investigators with architectural training selected 60 houses in the gambia, tanzania, philippines, and thailand. data-loggers were used to measure indoor temperatures in hourly intervals over a 12 months period. in a subgrou ... | 2012 | 22704585 |
| identification and classification of detoxification enzymes from culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | molecular characterization of the insecticide resistance has become a hot research topic ever since the first disease transmitting arthropod (anopheles gambiae) genome sequence has unveiled in 2002. a recent publication of the culex quinquefasciatus genome sequence has opened up new opportunities for molecular and comparative genomic analysis of multiple mosquito genomes to characterize the insecticide resistance. here, we utilized a whole genome sequence of cx. quinquefasciatus to identify puta ... | 2012 | 22715314 |
| reliability of rapid diagnostic tests in diagnosing pregnancy-associated malaria in north-eastern tanzania. | accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment of pregnancy-associated malaria (pam) are key aspects in averting adverse pregnancy outcomes. microscopy is the gold standard in malaria diagnosis, but it has limited detection and availability. when used appropriately, rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) could be an ideal diagnostic complement to microscopy, due to their ease of use and adequate sensitivity in detecting even sub-microscopic infections. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is even more sensitive, but ... | 2012 | 22720788 |
| the complete mitochondrial genomes of two ghost moths, thitarodes renzhiensis and thitarodes yunnanensis: the ancestral gene arrangement in lepidoptera. | lepidoptera encompasses more than 160,000 described species that have been classified into 45-48 superfamilies. the previously determined lepidoptera mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are limited to six superfamilies of the lineage ditrysia. compared with the ancestral insect gene order, these mitogenomes all contain a trna rearrangement. to gain new insights into lepidoptera mitogenome evolution, we sequenced the mitogenomes of two ghost moths that belong to the non-ditrysian lineage hepialoi ... | 2012 | 22726496 |
| severe and uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children from three regions and three ethnic groups in cameroon: prospective study. | to identify the factors that account for differences in clinical outcomes of malaria as well as its relationship with ethnicity, transmission intensity and parasite density. | 2012 | 22727184 |
| mermithid nematodes found in adult anopheles from southeastern senegal. | over two dozen mermithid nematodes have been described parasitizing mosquitoes worldwide, however, only two species were found in africa. mermithid nematodes kill their mosquito host upon emergence, which suggests that they could be developed as biological control agents of mosquitoes. both romanomermis culicivorax and romanomermis iyengari have been reared for mass release to control numerous anopheles species vector populations, and in one instance this may have led to reduced malaria prevalen ... | 2012 | 22741946 |
| thermal limits of wild and laboratory strains of two african malaria vector species, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. | malaria affects large parts of the developing world and is responsible for almost 800,000 deaths annually. as climates change, concerns have arisen as to how this vector-borne disease will be impacted by changing rainfall patterns and warming temperatures. despite the importance and controversy surrounding the impact of climate change on the potential spread of this disease, little information exists on the tolerances of several of the vector species themselves. | 2012 | 22770378 |
| cysteine peptidases and their inhibitors in tetranychus urticae: a comparative genomic approach. | cysteine peptidases in the two-spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae are involved in essential physiological processes, including proteolytic digestion. cystatins and thyropins are inhibitors of cysteine peptidases that modulate their activity, although their function in this species has yet to be investigated. comparative genomic analyses are powerful tools to obtain advanced knowledge into the presence and evolution of both, peptidases and their inhibitors, and could aid to elucidate issues ... | 2012 | 22784002 |
| identification of distant agouti-like sequences and re-evaluation of the evolutionary history of the agouti-related peptide (agrp). | the agouti-like peptides including agrp, asip and the teleost-specific a2 (asip2 and agrp2) peptides have potent and diverse functional roles in feeding, pigmentation and background adaptation mechanisms. there are contradictory theories about the evolution of the agouti-like peptide family as well the nomenclature. here we performed comprehensive mining and annotation of vertebrate agouti-like sequences. we identified a2 sequences from salmon, trout, seabass, cod, cichlid, tilapia, gilt-headed ... | 2012 | 22815886 |
| increased risks of malaria due to limited residual life of insecticide and outdoor biting versus protection by combined use of nets and indoor residual spraying on bioko island, equatorial guinea. | malaria is endemic on bioko island, equatorial guinea, with year-round transmission. in 2004 an intensive malaria control strategy primarily based on indoor residual spraying (irs) was launched. the limited residual life of irs poses particular challenges in a setting with year-round transmission, such as bioko. recent reports of outdoor biting by anopheles gambiae are an additional cause for concern. in this study, the effect of the short residual life of bendiocarb insecticide and of children ... | 2012 | 22835049 |
| mapping the receptivity of malaria risk to plan the future of control in somalia. | to measure the receptive risks of malaria in somalia and compare decisions on intervention scale-up based on this map and the more widely used contemporary risk maps. | 2012 | 22855625 |
| insecticide-treated plastic sheeting for emergency malaria prevention and shelter among displaced populations: an observational cohort study in a refugee setting in sierra leone. | a double-blind phase iii malaria prevention trial was conducted in two refugee camps using pre-manufactured insecticide-treated plastic sheeting (itps) or untreated polyethylene sheeting (ups) randomly deployed to defined sectors of each camp. in largo camp the itps or ups was attached to inner walls and ceilings of shelters, whereas in tobanda the itps or ups was used to line only the ceiling and roof. in largo the plasmodium falciparum incidence rate in children up to 3 years of age who were c ... | 0 | 22855753 |
| evidence for stopping mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in some, but not all local government areas of plateau and nasarawa states, nigeria. | an average of six annual rounds of ivermectin and albendazole were distributed in plateau and nasarawa states, nigeria, to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. from 2007 to 2008, population-based surveys were implemented in all 30 local government areas (lgas) of the two states to determine the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia to assess which lga mass drug administration (mda) could be halted. in total, 36,681 persons from 7,819 households were examined for filarial antigen as determine ... | 0 | 22855758 |
| analysis of genes expression of spodoptera exigua larvae upon acmnpv infection. | the impact of autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) infection on host gene expression in spodoptera exigua 4th instar larvae was investigated through the use of 454 sequencing-based rna-seq of cdna libraries developed from insects challenged with active acmnpv or heat-inactivated acmnpv. | 2012 | 22860129 |
| pyrethroid resistance in anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis in western kenya: phenotypic, metabolic and target site characterizations of three populations. | field and laboratory investigations revealed phenotypic, target site and metabolic resistance to permethrin in an anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) population in bungoma district, a region in western kenya in which malaria is endemic and rates of ownership of insecticide-treated bednets are high. the sensitivity of individual an. gambiae s.l. females as indicated in assays using world health organization (who) test kits demonstrated reduced mortality in response to permethrin, deltamet ... | 2012 | 22861380 |
| modeling the role of environmental variables on the population dynamics of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. | the impact of weather and climate on malaria transmission has attracted considerable attention in recent years, yet uncertainties around future disease trends under climate change remain. mathematical models provide powerful tools for addressing such questions and understanding the implications for interventions and eradication strategies, but these require realistic modeling of the vector population dynamics and its response to environmental variables. | 2012 | 22877154 |
| effect of swamp cultivation on distribution of anopheline larval habitats in western kenya. | malaria resurgence in highland regions of east africa has been on increase. the spatio-temporal distribution of larval habitats of malaria vectors determines the distribution of adult vectors, hence, disease transmission. vector's ecology is necessary for strategic vector control through effective plan for source reduction. mapping of the larval habitats is necessary for targeted control measures. the purpose of this study is to assess and compare the spatial and seasonal variations in anophelin ... | 0 | 22898476 |
| candidate chemosensory genes in female antennae of the noctuid moth spodoptera littoralis. | chemical senses are crucial for all organisms to detect various environmental information. different protein families, expressed in chemosensory organs, are involved in the detection of this information, such as odorant-binding proteins, olfactory and gustatory receptors, and ionotropic receptors. we recently reported an expressed sequence tag (est) approach on male antennae of the noctuid moth, spodoptera littoralis, with which we could identify a large array of chemosensory genes in a species ... | 2012 | 22904672 |
| malaria control in south africa 2000-2010: beyond mdg6. | malaria is one of the key targets within goal 6 of the millennium development goals (mdgs), whereby the disease needs to be halted and reversed by the year 2015. several other international targets have been set, however the mdgs are universally accepted, hence it is the focus of this manuscript. | 2012 | 22913727 |
| anticholinesterase insecticide retrospective. | the anticholinesterase (antiche) organophosphorus (op) and methylcarbamate (mc) insecticides have been used very effectively as contact and systemic plant protectants for seven decades. about 90 of these compounds are still in use - the largest number for any insecticide chemotype or mode of action. in both insects and mammals, ache inhibition and acetylcholine accumulation leads to excitation and death. the cholinergic system of insects is located centrally (where it is protected from ionized o ... | 2012 | 22926007 |
| malaria in east african highlands during the past 30 years: impact of environmental changes. | east african highlands are one of the most populated regions in africa. the population densities in the highlands ranged between 158 persons/km(2) in ethiopia and 410 persons/km(2) in rwanda. according to the united nations population fund, the region has the world's highest population growth rate. these factors are likely behind the high rates of poverty among the populations. as there were no employment opportunities other than agricultural, this demographic pressure of poor populations have i ... | 2012 | 22934065 |
| real-time pcr assay for discrimination of plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri in the ivory coast and in the comoros islands. | plasmodium ovale is one of the five malaria species infecting humans. recent data have shown that the name of this neglected species masks two distinct genotypes also called curtisi and wallikeri. some authors show that these species could be sympatric. these two subspecies are not differentiated by microscopy techniques and malaria rapid diagnostic tests. this diagnostic defect is the result of low parasitaemia, antigenic polymorphism and absence of antibodies performance and requires the use o ... | 2012 | 22947418 |
| positional cloning of rp2 qtl associates the p450 genes cyp6z1, cyp6z3 and cyp6m7 with pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector anopheles funestus. | pyrethroid resistance in anopheles funestus is threatening malaria control in africa. elucidation of underlying resistance mechanisms is crucial to improve the success of future control programs. a positional cloning approach was used to identify genes conferring resistance in the uncharacterised rp2 quantitative trait locus (qtl) previously detected in this vector using f6 advanced intercross lines (ail). a 113 kb bac clone spanning rp2 was identified and sequenced revealing a cluster of 15 p45 ... | 2012 | 22948188 |
| population genetic structure of the malaria vector anopheles funestus, in a recently re-colonized area of the senegal river basin and human-induced environmental changes. | anopheles funestus is one of the major malaria vectors in tropical africa. because of several cycles of drought events that occurred during the 1970s, this species had disappeared from many parts of sahelian africa, including the senegal river basin. however, this zone has been re-colonized during the last decade by an. funestus, following the implementation of two dams on the senegal river. previous studies in that area revealed heterogeneity at the biological and chromosomal level among these ... | 2012 | 22950576 |
| variation in exposure to anopheles gambiae salivary gland peptide (gsg6-p1) across different malaria transmission settings in the western kenya highlands. | the existing metrics of malaria transmission are limited in sensitivity under low transmission intensity. robust surveillance systems are needed as interventions to monitor reduced transmission and prevention of rapid reintroduction. serological tools based on antibody responses to parasite and vector antigens are potential tools for transmission measurements. the current study sought to evaluate antibody responses to anopheles gambiae salivary gland peptide (gsg6- p1), as a biomarker of human e ... | 2012 | 22963464 |
| screening of selected ethnomedicinal plants from south africa for larvicidal activity against the mosquito anopheles arabiensis. | this study was initiated to establish whether any south african ethnomedicinal plants (indigenous or exotic), that have been reported to be used traditionally to repel or kill mosquitoes, exhibit effective mosquito larvicidal properties. | 2012 | 22963538 |
| draft genome sequences of enterobacter sp. isolate ag1 from the midgut of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | an isolate of enterobacter sp. was obtained from the microbial community within the gut of the anopheles gambiae mosquito, a major malaria vector in africa. this genome was sequenced and annotated. the genome sequences will facilitate subsequent efforts to characterize the mosquito gut microbiome. | 0 | 22965099 |
| changes in anopheles funestus biting behavior following universal coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets in benin. | behavioral modification of malaria vectors in response to vector control methods is of great concern. we investigated whether full coverage of long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets (llins) may induce a switch in biting behavior in anopheles funestus, a major malaria vector in africa. | 2012 | 22966127 |
| the development of insecticide-treated durable wall lining for malaria control: insights from rural and urban populations in angola and nigeria. | durable lining (dl) is a deltamethrin-impregnated polyethylene material, which is designed to cover domestic walls that would normally be sprayed with residual insecticide. the operational success of dl as a long-lasting insecticidal substrate will be dependent on a high level of user acceptability as households must maintain correctly installed linings on their walls for several years. preliminary trials were undertaken to identify a material to develop into a marketable wall lining and to asse ... | 2012 | 22989007 |
| some like it cool: the effect of ambient temperature on the size of anopheles funestus from southern mozambique. | the wing lengths of 3,553 unfed, recently emerged, and 13,256 gravid female anopheles funestus giles from exit collections, undertaken between march 2004 and may 2005, were measured. only in the warmest months were mean wing lengths of unfed females significantly smaller than gravid females. mean wing lengths of unfed, females varied from 2.26 mm (bootstrap 95% ci [2.25-2.27]) in january when mean air temperatures were 24.8 degrees c to 2.70 mm (bootstrap 95% ci [2.68-2.72]) in july when mean te ... | 2012 | 23025198 |
| human antibody response to anopheles saliva for comparing the efficacy of three malaria vector control methods in balombo, angola. | human antibody (ab) response to anopheles whole saliva, used as biomarker of anopheles exposure, was investigated over a period of two years (2008-2009), in children between 2 to 9 years old, before and after the introduction of three different malaria vector control methods; deltamethrin treated long lasting impregnated nets (llin) and insecticide treated plastic sheeting (itps)--zero fly®) (itps-zf), deltamethrin impregnated durable (wall) lining (itps-dl--zerovector®) alone, and indoor residu ... | 2012 | 23028499 |
| reconsideration of anopheles rivulorum as a vector of plasmodium falciparum in western kenya: some evidence from biting time, blood preference, sporozoite positive rate, and pyrethroid resistance. | anopheles gambiae, an. arabiensis, and an. funestus are widespread malaria vectors in africa. anopheles rivulorum is the next most widespread species in the an. funestus group. the role of an. rivulorum as a malaria vector has not been fully studied, although it has been found to be a minor or opportunistic transmitter of plasmodium falciparum. | 2012 | 23050856 |
| a new chromosomal phylogeny supports the repeated origin of vectorial capacity in malaria mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae complex. | understanding phylogenetic relationships within species complexes of disease vectors is crucial for identifying genomic changes associated with the evolution of epidemiologically important traits. however, the high degree of genetic similarity among sibling species confounds the ability to determine phylogenetic relationships using molecular markers. the goal of this study was to infer the ancestral-descendant relationships among malaria vectors and nonvectors of the anopheles gambiae species co ... | 2012 | 23055932 |
| the effects of oviposition-site deprivation on anopheles gambiae reproduction. | the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, depends on availability of suitable surface water for oviposition. short and long dry spells occur throughout the year in many parts of its range that limit its access to oviposition sites. although not well understood, oviposition-site deprivation has been found to rapidly reduce egg batch size and hatch rate of several mosquito species. we conducted laboratory experiments to assess these effects of oviposition-site deprivation on an. gambiae and ... | 2012 | 23072301 |
| simulation of malaria epidemiology and control in the highlands of western kenya. | models of plasmodium falciparum malaria epidemiology that provide realistic quantitative predictions of likely epidemiological outcomes of existing vector control strategies have the potential to assist in planning for the control and elimination of malaria. this work investigates the applicability of mathematical modelling of malaria transmission dynamics in rachuonyo south, a district with low, unstable transmission in the highlands of western kenya. | 2012 | 23107070 |
| multicentre studies of insecticide-treated durable wall lining in africa and south-east asia: entomological efficacy and household acceptability during one year of field use. | indoor residual spraying (irs) is a primary method of malaria vector control, but its potential impact is constrained by several inherent limitations: spraying must be repeated when insecticide residues decay, householders can tire of the annual imposition and campaign costs are recurrent. durable lining (dl) can be considered an advanced form of long-lasting irs where insecticide is gradually released from an aesthetically attractive wall lining material to provide vector control for several ye ... | 2012 | 23107112 |
| impact of pyrethroid resistance on operational malaria control in malawi. | the impact of insecticide resistance on insect-borne disease programs is difficult to quantify. the possibility of eliminating malaria in high-transmission settings is heavily dependent on effective vector control reducing disease transmission rates. pyrethroids are the dominant insecticides used for malaria control, with few options for their replacement. their failure will adversely affect our ability to control malaria. pyrethroid resistance has been selected in malawi over the last 3 y in th ... | 2012 | 23118337 |
| rickettsia species in african anopheles mosquitoes. | there is higher rate of r. felis infection among febrile patients than in healthy people in sub-saharan africa, predominantly in the rainy season. mosquitoes possess a high vectorial capacity and, because of their abundance and aggressiveness, likely play a role in rickettsial epidemiology. | 2012 | 23118963 |
| factors contributing to urban malaria transmission in sub-saharan africa: a systematic review. | sub-saharan africa suffers by far the greatest malaria burden worldwide and is currently undergoing a profound demographic change, with a growing proportion of its population moving to urban areas. urbanisation is generally expected to reduce malaria transmission; however the disease still persists in african cities, in some cases at higher levels than in nearby rural areas. objective. this paper aims to collate and analyse risk factors for urban malaria transmission throughout sub-saharan afric ... | 2012 | 23125863 |
| patterns of genomic differentiation between ecologically differentiated m and s forms of anopheles gambiae in west and central africa. | anopheles gambiae m and s are thought to be undergoing ecological speciation by adapting to different larval habitats. toward an improved understanding of the genetic determinants and evolutionary processes shaping their divergence, we used a 400,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping array to characterize patterns of genomic differentiation between four geographically paired m and s population samples from west and central africa. in keeping with recent studies based on more limite ... | 0 | 23132896 |
| combining next-generation sequencing and microarray technology into a transcriptomics approach for the non-model organism chironomus riparius. | whole-transcriptome gene-expression analyses are commonly performed in species that have a sequenced genome and for which microarrays are commercially available. to do such analyses in species with no or limited genome data, i.e. non-model organisms, necessary transcriptomics resources, i.e. an annotated transcriptome and a validated gene-expression microarray, must first be developed. the aim of the present study was to establish an advanced approach for developing transcriptomics resources for ... | 2012 | 23133553 |
| characterization of a chitin synthase encoding gene and effect of diflubenzuron in soybean aphid, aphis glycines. | chitin synthases are critical enzymes for synthesis of chitin and thus for subsequent growth and development in insects. we identified the cdna of chitin synthase gene (chs) in aphis glycines, the soybean aphid, which is a serious pest of soybean. the full-length cdna of chs in a. glycines (aychs) was 5802 bp long with an open reading frame of 4704 bp that encoded for a 1567 amino acid residues protein. the predicted aychs protein had a molecular mass of 180.05 kda and its amino acid sequence co ... | 2012 | 23139631 |
| malaria transmission after five years of vector control on bioko island, equatorial guinea. | malaria is endemic with year-round transmission on bioko island. the bioko island malaria control project (bimcp) started in 2004 with the aim to reduce malaria transmission and to ultimately eliminate malaria. while the project has been successful in reducing overall malaria morbidity and mortality, foci of high malaria transmission still persist on the island. results from the 2009 entomological collections are reported here. | 2012 | 23146423 |
| biochemical characterization of anopheles gambiae srpn6, a malaria parasite invasion marker in mosquitoes. | serine proteinase inhibitors of the serpin family are well known as negative regulators of hemostasis, thrombolysis and innate immune responses. additionally, non-inhibitory serpins serve functions as chaperones, hormone transporters, or anti-angiogenic factors. in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae s.s., at least three serpins (srpns) are implicated in the innate immune response against malaria parasites. based on reverse genetic and cell biological analyses, agsrpn6 limits parasit ... | 2012 | 23152794 |
| implications of bio-efficacy and persistence of insecticides when indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticide nets are combined for malaria prevention. | bio-efficacy and residual activity of insecticides used for indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticide nets (llins) were assessed against laboratory-reared and wild populations of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis in south eastern tanzania. implications of the findings are examined in the context of potential synergies and redundancies where irs and llins are combined. | 2012 | 23164062 |
| entomological indices of malaria transmission in chikhwawa district, southern malawi. | although malaria is highly prevalent throughout malawi, little is known of its transmission dynamics. this paper describes the seasonal activity of the different vectors, human biting indices, sporozoite rates and the entomological inoculation rate in a low-lying rural area in southern malawi. | 2012 | 23171123 |
| identification of wolbachia strains in mosquito disease vectors. | wolbachia bacteria are common endosymbionts of insects, and some strains are known to protect their hosts against rna viruses and other parasites. this has led to the suggestion that releasing wolbachia-infected mosquitoes could prevent the transmission of arboviruses and other human parasites. we have identified wolbachia in kenyan populations of the yellow fever vector aedes bromeliae and its relative aedes metallicus, and in mansonia uniformis and mansonia africana, which are vectors of lymph ... | 2012 | 23185484 |
| use of a mixture statistical model in studying malaria vectors density. | vector control is a major step in the process of malaria control and elimination. this requires vector counts and appropriate statistical analyses of these counts. however, vector counts are often overdispersed. a non-parametric mixture of poisson model (npmp) is proposed to allow for overdispersion and better describe vector distribution. mosquito collections using the human landing catches as well as collection of environmental and climatic data were carried out from january to december 2009 i ... | 2012 | 23185626 |
| population genetic structure of the major malaria vector anopheles funestus s.s. and allied species in southern africa. | anopheles funestus s.s., one of the major malaria vectors in sub-saharan africa, belongs to a group of eleven african species that are morphologically similar at the adult stage, most of which do not transmit malaria. the population structure of an. funestus based on mitochondrial dna data led to the description of two cryptic subdivisions, clade i widespread throughout africa and clade ii known only from mozambique and madagascar. in this study, we investigated five common members of the anophe ... | 2012 | 23216696 |
| the effects of urbanization on global plasmodium vivax malaria transmission. | many recent studies have examined the impact of urbanization on plasmodium falciparum malaria endemicity and found a general trend of reduced transmission in urban areas. however, none has examined the effect of urbanization on plasmodium vivax malaria, which is the most widely distributed malaria species and can also cause severe clinical syndromes in humans. in this study, a set of 10,003 community-based p. vivax parasite rate (pvpr) surveys are used to explore the relationships between pvpr i ... | 2012 | 23217010 |
| analysis of ovary-specific genes in relation to egg maturation and female nutritional condition in the mosquitoes georgecraigius atropalpus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | analysis of the reproductive physiology of anautogenous mosquitoes at the molecular level is complicated by the simultaneity of ovarian maturation and the digestion of a blood meal. in contrast to anautogenous mosquitoes, autogenous female mosquitoes can acquire greater nutrient stores as larvae and exhibit higher ovarian production of ecdysteroids at adult eclosion. these features essentially replace the role of a blood meal in provisioning the first batch of eggs and initiating egg development ... | 2012 | 23238126 |
| malaria parasite diversity and transmission intensity affect development of parasitological immunity in a mathematical model. | the development of parasitological immunity against malaria affects the ability to detect infection, the efficiency of the local human parasite reservoir at infecting mosquitoes, and the response to reintroduction of parasites to previously cleared areas. observations of similar age-trends in detected prevalence and mean parasitaemia across more than an order-of-magnitude of variation in baseline transmission complicate simple exposure-driven explanations. | 2012 | 23241282 |
| directionally selected cytochrome p450 alleles are driving the spread of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus. | pyrethroid insecticides are critical for malaria control in africa. however, resistance to this insecticide class in the malaria vector anopheles funestus is spreading rapidly across africa, threatening the success of ongoing and future malaria control programs. the underlying resistance mechanisms driving the spread of this resistance in wild populations remain largely unknown. here, we show that increased expression of two tandemly duplicated p450 genes, cyp6p9a and cyp6p9b, is the main mechan ... | 2012 | 23248325 |
| a community-wide study of malaria reduction: evaluating efficacy and user-acceptance of a low-cost repellent in northern ghana. | no mas (nm) mosquito repellent was evaluated in two farming villages (4 km apart) in the kassena nankana district of northern ghana. we determined its efficacy against local malaria vectors, degree of user acceptance, and its effect on malaria prevalence in households using insecticide-treated bed nets. the average protective efficacy of nm against anopheles mosquitoes over 9 hours was 89.6%. controls averaged 86 bites/person/night versus 9 bites/person/night with the use of nm. use of repellent ... | 2012 | 23249683 |
| the feasibility of malaria elimination in south africa. | following the last major malaria epidemic in 2000, malaria incidence in south africa has declined markedly. the decrease has been so emphatic that south africa now meets the world health organization (who) threshold for malaria elimination. given the millennium development goal of reversing the spread of malaria by 2015, south africa is being urged to adopt an elimination agenda. this study aimed to determine the appropriateness of implementing a malaria elimination programme in present day sout ... | 2012 | 23253091 |
| the fitness of african malaria vectors in the presence and limitation of host behaviour. | host responses are important sources of selection upon the host species range of ectoparasites and phytophagous insects. however little is known about the role of host responses in defining the host species range of malaria vectors. this study aimed to estimate the relative importance of host behaviour to the feeding success and fitness of african malaria vectors, and assess its ability to predict their known host species preferences in nature. | 2012 | 23253167 |
| sustainable malaria control: transdisciplinary approaches for translational applications. | with the adoption of the global malaria action plan, several countries are moving from malaria control towards elimination and eradication. however, the sustainability of some of the approaches taken may be questionable. here, an overview of malaria control and elimination strategies is provided and the sustainability of each in context of vector- and parasite control is assessed. from this, it can be concluded that transdisciplinary approaches are essential for sustained malaria control and eli ... | 2012 | 23268712 |
| anopheline larval habitats seasonality and species distribution: a prerequisite for effective targeted larval habitats control programmes. | larval control is of paramount importance in the reduction of malaria vector abundance and subsequent disease transmission reduction. understanding larval habitat succession and its ecology in different land use managements and cropping systems can give an insight for effective larval source management practices. this study investigated larval habitat succession and ecological parameters which influence larval abundance in malaria epidemic prone areas of western kenya. | 2012 | 23272215 |
| evidence for population-specific positive selection on immune genes of anopheles gambiae. | host-pathogen interactions can be powerful drivers of adaptive evolution, shaping the patterns of molecular variation at the genes involved. in this study, we sequenced alleles from 28 immune-related loci in wild samples of multiple genetic subpopulations of the african malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae, obtaining unprecedented sample sizes and providing the first opportunity to contrast patterns of molecular evolution at immune-related loci in the recently discovered goundry population to thos ... | 2012 | 23275874 |
| assessment of anopheles salivary antigens as individual exposure biomarkers to species-specific malaria vector bites. | malaria transmission occurs during the blood feeding of infected anopheline mosquitoes concomitant with a saliva injection into the vertebrate host. in sub-saharan africa, most malaria transmission is due to anopheles funestus s.s and to anopheles gambiae s.l. (mainly anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis). several studies have demonstrated that the immune response against salivary antigens could be used to evaluate individual exposure to mosquito bites. the aim of this study was to as ... | 2012 | 23276246 |
| increase in malaria prevalence and age of at risk population in different areas of gabon. | following the deployment of new recommendations for malaria control according to the world health organization, an estimation of the real burden of the disease is needed to better identify populations at risk and to adapt control strategies. the aim of the present study was to estimate the clinical burden of malaria among febrile children aged less than 11 years, before and after six-year of deployment of malaria control strategies in different areas of gabon. | 2013 | 23282198 |
| optimized pan-species and speciation duplex real-time pcr assays for plasmodium parasites detection in malaria vectors. | an accurate method for detecting malaria parasites in the mosquito's vector remains an essential component in the vector control. the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay specific for circumsporozoite protein (elisa-csp) is the gold standard method for the detection of malaria parasites in the vector even if it presents some limitations. here, we optimized multiplex real-time pcr assays to accurately detect minor populations in mixed infection with multiple plasmodium species in the african malaria ... | 2012 | 23285168 |
| comparative genomics of odorant binding proteins in anopheles gambiae, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus. | about 1 million people in the world die each year from diseases spread by mosquitoes, and understanding the mechanism of host identification by the mosquitoes through olfaction is at stake. the role of odorant binding proteins (obps) in the primary molecular events of olfaction in mosquitoes is becoming an important focus of biological research in this area. here, we present a comprehensive comparative genomics study of obps in the three disease-transmitting mosquito species anopheles gambiae, a ... | 0 | 23292137 |
| shifts in malaria vector species composition and transmission dynamics along the kenyan coast over the past 20 years. | over the past 20 years, numerous studies have investigated the ecology and behaviour of malaria vectors and plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission on the coast of kenya. substantial progress has been made to control vector populations and reduce high malaria prevalence and severe disease. the goal of this paper was to examine trends over the past 20 years in anopheles species composition, density, blood-feeding behaviour, and p. falciparum sporozoite transmission along the coast of kenya. | 2013 | 23297732 |
| operational scale entomological intervention for malaria control: strategies, achievements and challenges in zambia. | while consensus on malaria vector control policy and strategy has stimulated unprecedented political-will, backed by international funding organizations and donors, vector control interventions are expansively being implemented based on assumptions with unequaled successes. this manuscript reports on the strategies, achievements and challenges of the past and contemporary malaria vector control efforts in zambia. | 2013 | 23298401 |
| the impact of host species and vector control measures on the fitness of african malaria vectors. | many malaria vector mosquitoes in africa have an extreme preference for feeding on humans. this specialization allows them to sustain much higher levels of transmission than elsewhere, but there is little understanding of the evolutionary forces that drive this behaviour. in tanzania, we used a semi-field system to test whether the well-documented preferences of the vectors, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) for cattle and humans, respectively, are predicted by the ... | 2013 | 23303548 |
| behavioral adaptation of anopheles funestus to long-lasting insecticide-treated nets. | 2013 | 23307935 | |
| geographical factors affecting bed net ownership, a tool for the elimination of anopheles-transmitted lymphatic filariasis in hard-to-reach communities. | vector control, including the use of bed nets, is recommended as a possible strategy for eliminating lymphatic filariasis (lf) in post-conflict countries such as the democratic republic of congo (drc). this study examined the geographical factors that influence bed net ownership in drc in order to identify hard-to-reach communities that need to be better targeted. in particular, urban/rural differences and the influence of population density, proximity to cities and health facilities, plus acces ... | 2013 | 23308281 |
| molecular systematics and insecticide resistance in the major african malaria vector anopheles funestus. | anopheles funestus is one of three major african vectors of malaria. its distribution extends over much of the tropics and subtropics wherever suitable swampy breeding habitats are present. as with members of the anopheles gambiae complex, an. funestus shows marked genetic heterogeneity across its range. currently, two unnamed species are recognized in the group, with molecular and cytogenetic data indicating that more may be present. the control of malaria vectors in africa has received increas ... | 2013 | 23317045 |
| novel selective and irreversible mosquito acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for controlling malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. | we reported previously that insect acetylcholinesterases (aches) could be selectively and irreversibly inhibited by methanethiosulfonates presumably through conjugation to an insect-specific cysteine in these enzymes. however, no direct proof for the conjugation has been published to date, and doubts remain about whether such cysteine-targeting inhibitors have desirable kinetic properties for insecticide use. here we report mass spectrometric proof of the conjugation and new chemicals that irrev ... | 2013 | 23323211 |
| response of anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) to larval habitat age in western kenya highlands. | larval control is of paramount importance in the reduction of vector populations. previous observations have suggested that, larvae of anopheles gambiae s.l occur more often in small temporary habitats while other studies showed that long-lasting stable habitats are more productive than unstable habitats. in addition, the physical and biological conditions and stability of larval habitats can change rapidly in natural conditions. therefore, we examined the effect of larval habitat age on product ... | 2013 | 23324330 |
| topographic models for predicting malaria vector breeding habitats: potential tools for vector control managers. | identification of malaria vector breeding sites can enhance control activities. although associations between malaria vector breeding sites and topography are well recognized, practical models that predict breeding sites from topographic information are lacking. we used topographic variables derived from remotely sensed digital elevation models (dems) to model the breeding sites of malaria vectors. we further compared the predictive strength of two different dems and evaluated the predictability ... | 2013 | 23324389 |
| mathematical evaluation of community level impact of combining bed nets and indoor residual spraying upon malaria transmission in areas where the main vectors are anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes. | indoor residual insecticide spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) are commonly used together even though evidence that such combinations confer greater protection against malaria than either method alone is inconsistent. | 2013 | 23324456 |
| trends in multiplicity of plasmodium falciparum infections among asymptomatic residents in the middle belt of ghana. | malaria is the most important cause of mortality and morbidity in children living in the kintampo districts in the middle part of ghana. this study has investigated the multiplicity of infection (moi) within asymptomatic residents of the kintampo districts, and the influence of age and seasonality on moi, by studying the distribution of the polymorphic plasmodium falciparum antigen merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2). | 2013 | 23327681 |
| geographic coincidence of increased malaria transmission hazard and vulnerability occurring at the periphery of two tanzanian villages. | the goal of malaria elimination necessitates an improved understanding of any fine-scale geographic variations in transmission risk so that complementary vector control tools can be integrated into current vector control programmes as supplementary measures that are spatially targeted to maximize impact upon residual transmission. this study examines the distribution of host-seeking malaria vectors at households within two villages in rural tanzania. | 2013 | 23331947 |
| de novo transcriptome characterization of vitis vinifera cv. corvina unveils varietal diversity. | plants such as grapevine (vitis spp.) display significant inter-cultivar genetic and phenotypic variation. the genetic components underlying phenotypic diversity in grapevine must be understood in order to disentangle genetic and environmental factors. | 2013 | 23331995 |
| intrinsically disordered regions of p53 family are highly diversified in evolution. | proteins of the p53 family are expressed in vertebrates and in some invertebrate species. the main function of these proteins is to control and regulate cell cycle in response to various cellular signals, and therefore to control the organism's development. the regulatory functions of the p53 family members originate mostly from their highly-conserved and well-structured dna-binding domains. many human diseases (including various types of cancer) are related to the missense mutations within this ... | 2013 | 23352836 |
| o'nyong nyong virus molecular determinants of unique vector specificity reside in non-structural protein 3. | o'nyong nyong virus (onnv) and chikungunya virus (chikv) are two closely related alphaviruses with very different infection patterns in the mosquito, anopheles gambiae. onnv is the only alphavirus transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes, but specific molecular determinants of infection of this unique vector specificity remain unidentified. fifteen distinct chimeric viruses were constructed to evaluate both structural and non-structural regions of the genome and infection patterns were determined th ... | 2013 | 23359824 |
| the effect of larval nutritional deprivation on the life history and ddt resistance phenotype in laboratory strains of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis. | anopheles arabiensis is a major malaria vector in africa. it thrives in agricultural areas and has been associated with increased malaria incidence in areas under rice and maize cultivation. this effect may be due to increased adult size and abundance as a consequence of optimal larval nutrition. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of larval nutrition on the life history and expression of insecticide resistance in adults of laboratory reared an. arabiensis. | 2013 | 23368928 |
| physical condition and maintenance of mosquito bed nets in kwale county, coastal kenya. | despite the extensive ownership and use of insecticide-treated nets (itns) over the last decade, the effective lifespan of these nets, especially their physical integrity, under true operational conditions is not well-understood. usefulness of nets declines primarily due to physical damage or loss of insecticidal activity. | 2013 | 23374429 |
| dissecting the mechanisms responsible for the multiple insecticide resistance phenotype in anopheles gambiae s.s., m form, from vallée du kou, burkina faso. | with the exception of target site mutations, insecticide resistance mechanisms in the principle malaria vector anopheles gambiae, remains largely uncharacterized in burkina faso. here we detected high prevalence of resistance in vallée du kou (vk) to pyrethroids, ddt and dieldrin, moderate level for carbamates and full susceptibility to organophosphates. high frequencies of l1014f kdr (75%) and rdl (87%) mutations were observed showing strong correlation with pyrethroids/ddt and dieldrin resista ... | 2013 | 23380570 |
| addressing malaria vector control challenges in south sudan: proposed recommendations. | upon the signing of the comprehensive peace agreement in 2005, the republic of south sudan (rss) has faced a lot of challenges, such as a lack of infrastructure, human resources and an enormous burden of vector borne diseases including malaria. while a national malaria strategic plan 2006-2011 was developed, the vector control component has remained relatively weak. the strategy endorses the distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) as the frontline intervention with other intervent ... | 2013 | 23394124 |
| consistently high estimates for the proportion of human exposure to malaria vector populations occurring indoors in rural africa. | insecticide-treated nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are highly effective tools for controlling malaria transmission in africa because the most important vectors, from the anopheles gambiae complex and the a. funestus group, usually prefer biting humans indoors at night. | 2013 | 23396849 |
| spatio-temporal malaria transmission patterns in navrongo demographic surveillance site, northern ghana. | the relationship between entomological measures of malaria transmission intensity and mortality remains uncertain. this is partly because transmission is heterogeneous even within small geographical areas. studying this relationship requires high resolution, spatially structured, longitudinal entomological data. geostatistical models that have been used to analyse the spatio-temporal heterogeneity have not considered the uncertainty in both sporozoite rate (sr) and mosquito density data. this st ... | 2013 | 23405912 |
| mitochondrial genome sequences reveal deep divergences among anopheles punctulatus sibling species in papua new guinea. | members of the anopheles punctulatus group (ap group) are the primary vectors of human malaria in papua new guinea. the ap group includes 13 sibling species, most of them morphologically indistinguishable. understanding why only certain species are able to transmit malaria requires a better comprehension of their evolutionary history. in particular, understanding relationships and divergence times among anopheles species may enable assessing how malaria-related traits (e.g. blood feeding behavio ... | 2013 | 23405960 |
| plasmodium species occurrence, temporal distribution and interaction in a child-aged population in rural burkina faso. | malaria can be caused by five plasmodium species. due to their higher prevalence, much of the research concentrates on plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. in burkina faso, where p. falciparum co-exists with plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale, there is not much data about the prevalence of the latter two species across human population. moreover, interactions between co-infecting plasmodium species are not documented. the aim of the current research is to determine species-specific ... | 2013 | 23421809 |
| blood meal sources and entomological inoculation rates of anophelines along a highland altitudinal transect in south-central ethiopia. | the role of anophelines in transmitting malaria depends on their distribution, preference to feed on humans and also their susceptibility to plasmodium gametocytes, all of which are affected by local environmental conditions. blood meal source and entomological inoculation rate of anophelines was assessed along a highland altitudinal transect in south- central ethiopia. | 2013 | 23433348 |
| comparative field evaluation of combinations of long-lasting insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying, relative to either method alone, for malaria prevention in an area where the main vector is anopheles arabiensis. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are commonly used together in the same households to improve malaria control despite inconsistent evidence on whether such combinations actually offer better protection than nets alone or irs alone. | 2013 | 23433393 |
| profile of janet hemingway. | 2013 | 23440199 |