Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| laboratory diagnostic investigations for bovine viral diarrhoea virus infections in cattle. | there are no pathognomonic clinical signs of infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in cattle. diagnostic investigations therefore rely on laboratory-based detection of the virus, or of virus-induced antigens or antibodies in submitted samples. in unvaccinated dairy herds, serological testing of bulk milk is a convenient method for bvdv prevalence screening. alternatively, serological testing of young stock may indicate if bvdv is present in a herd. in bvdv positive herds, animals pe ... | 1999 | 10028167 |
| a simple, rapid and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) specific antibodies in cattle serum, plasma and bulk milk. | to detect bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv)-specific antibodies in cattle serum, plasma and bulk milk, a simple, reliable and rapid blocking elisa ("ceditest") has been developed using two monoclonal antibodies ("wb112" and "wb103") directed to different highly conserved epitopes on the non-structural peptide ns3 of pestiviruses. the test can be performed at high reproducibility using undiluted samples. in testing 1000 field serum samples, the elisa showed a specificity and a sensitivity relat ... | 1999 | 10028168 |
| the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in bulk milk samples by the use of a single-tube rt-pcr. | a single step, single-tube reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) test was developed to detect the presence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in somatic cells from bulk milk samples. the test was configured using commercial kit-form rna extraction and rt-pcr procedures. the test was validated by examining bulk milk samples from approximately 80 herds with a history of bvdv and comparing results with those obtained from samples from a similar-sized control group. the test p ... | 1999 | 10028169 |
| detection and genotyping of bovine diarrhea virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain amplification of the 5' untranslated region. | a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed to differentiate the bovine diarrhea virus (bvdv) from other pestiviruses, and to determine the genotype of the bvdv isolates. for this purpose, primer pairs were selected in the 5' untranslated region (5'utr). the primers be and b2 were located in highly conserved regions and were pestivirus-specific. two primer pairs named b3b4 and b5b6 were specific of bvdv genotypes i and ii, respectively. with this technique, an amplif ... | 1999 | 10028170 |
| vaccination of cattle against bovine viral diarrhoea. | this brief review describes types and quality (efficacy and safety) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) vaccines that are in the market or under development. both conventional live and killed vaccines are available. the primary aim of vaccination is to prevent congenital infection, but the few vaccines tested are not highly efficacious in this respect, as shown in vaccination-challenge experiments. vaccination to prevent severe postnatal infections may be indicated when virulent bvdv strains ... | 1999 | 10028171 |
| foetal cross-protection experiments between type 1 and type 2 bovine viral diarrhoea virus in pregnant ewes. | a flock of 82 non-pregnant ewes was split into three immunisation groups and given an intranasal dose of either cell culture medium, or a type 1 or a type 2 bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv-1 or bvdv-2). two months later the flock was reconstituted and after a further three weeks, the ewes were bred to pestivirus negative rams after synchronisation of oestrus using progesterone sponges. fifty-five ewes were segregated into three challenge groups, each of which comprised ewes from different imm ... | 1999 | 10028172 |
| principles for eradication of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infections in cattle populations. | systematic eradication of bvdv without vaccination started in scandinavia in 1993. in principle, the schemes include; (1) identification of non-infected and infected herds using different combinations of serological herd tests such as bulk milk tests and spot tests (sample of animals in a certain age), (2) monitoring/certification of non-infected herds by repeated sampling, applying one of the above-mentioned methods and (3) virus clearance in infected herds aimed at removing persistently infect ... | 1999 | 10028173 |
| prevalence and geographic distribution of bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) infection in finland 1993-1997. | bulk milk samples from every herd supplying milk to dairies in finland were examined for the presence of antibodies to bvd virus (bvdv) annually during 1993-1997. the highest prevalence, 0.99% in 1994, declined to 0.37% in 1996; however, this favourable trend appeared to discontinue in 1997, where the prevalence remained at 0.41%. in 1993, sera of all individual animals from bulk milk antibody-positive herds were examined for the presence of these antibodies. since 1994, only sera of animals fro ... | 1999 | 10028175 |
| bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) control programme in an area in the rome province (italy). | a bvd control programme based on the identification and removal of persistently infected (pi) animals is being undertaken in an area in the rome province, where bvd outbreaks had been previously detected. it involves 174 mainly dairy herds, from which blood samples of all bovines older than 1 year are obtained through the national brucellosis and leukosis eradication programme. samples sufficient to detect the presence of seropositive animals at a prevalence of 5% or more are initially screened ... | 1999 | 10028176 |
| study on prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibodies in 29 italian dairy herds with reproductive problems. | an epidemiological survey on prevalence distribution of antibodies to bvdv was carried out in dairy cattle herds during 1995-1996 in northern italy. a total of 704 serum samples from 29 non-vaccinated herds reported to have reproductive problems were tested for serum neutralising antibodies. in each herd, sampling was based on the stratification by age into five classes (< 6 months old calves, 6-12 months old calves, pregnant heifers, uniparous, pluriparous). overall, 53.3% of samples were serol ... | 1999 | 10028177 |
| prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in bulls in artificial insemination centers in poland. | this study was directed at the evaluation of the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection in bulls in artificial insemination centers. both serological and virological examinations were performed. blood samples were tested in micro-seroneutralization test for bvdv antibodies. virus isolation was performed in cell culture and bvdv antigen was detected in an indirect immunofluorescence assay with monoclonal antibodies. one hundred and seventy-five serum samples and 219 whole bloo ... | 1999 | 10028178 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) infections--control and eradication programme in breeding herds in slovenia. | a slovenian bvd control and eradication programme was initiated in 1994, and the results from testing of bovine herds for antigen and antibodies in 1996 are presented. samples originating from breeding herds, breeding herds for young bulls, and insemination stations were tested by antigen or antibody elisa, or by pcr. out of 7968 samples from 354 herds we found 18% of the animals antibody-positive. in one region situated in the north-east of slovenia we found the herds to be almost nearly free o ... | 1999 | 10028179 |
| genetic heterogeneity of porcine and ruminant pestiviruses mainly isolated in japan. | the genetic variability of porcine and ruminant pestiviruses was studied by comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of 73 isolates (42 porcine and 31 ruminant), including 65 japanese isolates (35 porcine and 30 ruminant). the 5'-untranslated region (utr) amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was determined by direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed from the nucleotide sequence data. most porcine isolates were divided into two major subgroups, cl ... | 1999 | 10068129 |
| level and duration of serum antibodies in cattle infected experimentally and naturally with bovine virus diarrhoea virus. | neutralising serum antibodies against bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were monitored for three years in 35 cattle that were infected with the virus as calves; 24 of the calves were inoculated intramuscularly or intranasally, and 11 contracted the infection naturally. all the experimentally infected calves seroconverted within 14 to 28 days after inoculation, and all the animals still had high serum levels of antibodies to bvdv three years after infection. determinations of antibody levels in ... | 1999 | 10070699 |
| association of non-cytopathogenic bvdv with bovine blastocysts: effects of washing, duration of viral exposure and degree of blastocyst expansion. | 1999 | 10074663 | |
| induction of humoral and cellular immune responses in mice by a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the e2 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv/e2) expressing the e2 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was constructed and characterized. mice were immunized with recombinant virus and both humoral and cellular immune responses were studied. rfpv/e2 induced bvdv-specific antibodies which were detected by elisa. in addition, mouse sera were shown to neutralize bvdv. a cytokine elisa assay revealed that mice vaccinated with rfpv/e2 induced 7-fold more interferon-gamma than parental fowlpox virus. | 1999 | 10077834 |
| expression of the e2 envelope glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) elicits virus-type specific neutralising antibodies. | a region of genome from the nadl strain of bvdv corresponding to the coding sequence for the e2 glycoprotein has been molecularly cloned using rt-pcr. the viral cdna sequence was used to construct vaccinia virus recombinants that expressed either the entire e2 coding sequence or fragments of it. these recombinants were used to immunise mice of three h-2 haplotypes to investigate their ability to elicit a neutralising antibody response against bvdv. sera from mice immunised with the recombinant e ... | 1999 | 10078593 |
| the effect of different bovine viral diarrhea virus genotypes and biotypes on the metabolic activity and activation status of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | the effects of cytopathic (cp) and non-cytopathic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) on the cellular metabolic activity and activation status of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were investigated. cellular dna and protein synthesis was determined by [3h]thymidine and [3h]valine incorporation, respectively, in phytohemagglutinin (pha)-stimulated pbmc. all cp strains and most ncp bvdv strains significantly inhibited dna synthesis in pha-stimulated pbmc; however, only cp bvdv ... | 1998 | 10189190 |
| production of a highly immunogenic subunit iscom vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a major pathogen of cattle in most countries. the main reservoir of virus in herds are bvdv persistently infected animals, which arise as a result of infection of the bovine fetus early in gestation. the spread of virus to the unborn fetus may be prevented by vaccination of the dam. we describe in this report the production and initial testing of an inactivated subunit vaccine against bvdv. the vaccine is based on production of antigen in primary bovine cell ... | 1999 | 10195615 |
| cross-protective efficacy of a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 vaccine against bvdv type 2 challenge. | a new genotype of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), designated bvdv type 2 (bvdv 2), has become prevalent in the field. bvdv 2 strains are antigenically distinct from currently available vaccine strains of the bvdv 1 genotype, raising concerns about cross-protection of these vaccines against bvdv 2 challenge. to determine cross-protective efficacy of a modified-live virus (mlv) vaccine containing bvdv 1 strain wrl (bvdv 1(wrl)), two studies were conducted in which the relative magnitude and du ... | 1999 | 10195622 |
| sequence and structural elements at the 3' terminus of bovine viral diarrhea virus genomic rna: functional role during rna replication. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a member of the genus pestivirus in the family flaviviridae, has a positive-stranded rna genome consisting of a single open reading frame and untranslated regions (utrs) at the 5' and 3' ends. computer modeling suggested the 3' utr comprised single-stranded regions as well as stem-loop structures-features that were suspected of being essentially implicated in the viral rna replication pathway. employing a subgenomic bvdv rna (di9c) that was shown to function a ... | 1999 | 10196256 |
| virus reduction in the preparation of intravenous immune globulin: in vitro experiments. | while immune globulins for intravenous administration (igiv) have an excellent record with respect to virus safety, concern regarding these preparations has been raised by reports of transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) to patients treated with igiv and the presence of genetic material for hcv in igiv preparations. | 1999 | 10204586 |
| inactivation kinetics of model and relevant blood-borne viruses by treatment with sodium hydroxide and heat. | to determine the efficacy of a clean-in-place system for the inactivation of viruses present in human plasma, the effect of 0.1 m sodium hydroxide at 60 degrees c on viral infectivity was investigated. inactivation of the following model and relevant viruses were followed as a function of time: human hepatitis a virus (hav), canine parvovirus (cpv; a model for human parvovirus b-19) pseudorabies virus (prv, a model for hepatitis b virus), and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv, a model for hepat ... | 1998 | 10208725 |
| an experimental multivalent bovine virus diarrhea virus e2 subunit vaccine and two experimental conventionally inactivated vaccines induce partial fetal protection in sheep. | the primary aim of a bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv) vaccine is to prevent transplacental transmission of virus. we studied the efficacy of two experimental conventionally inactivated vaccines, based on bvdv strain singer and containing a different antigen amount, against three antigenically different bvdv strains in a vaccination-challenge experiment in sheep. we also studied the efficacy of an experimental multivalent e2 subunit vaccine against four antigenically different bvdv strains. the ... | 1999 | 10217598 |
| airborne transmission of bhv1, brsv, and bvdv among cattle is possible under experimental conditions. | to control the diseases caused by bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), it is crucial to know their modes of transmission. the purpose of this study was to determine whether these viruses can be transmitted by air to a substantial extent. calves were housed in two separate isolation stables in which a unidirectional airflow was maintained through a tube in the wall. in one stable, three of the five calves were experimenta ... | 1999 | 10227122 |
| typing of bovine viral diarrhea viruses directly from blood of persistently infected cattle by multiplex pcr. | a nested multiplex pcr was developed for genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdvs). the assay could detect as little as 3 50% tissue culture infective doses of bvdv per ml and typed 42 out of 42 cell culture isolates. bvdv was also successfully typed, with or without rna extraction, from all 27 whole-blood samples examined from 22 carriers or probable carriers and 5 experimentally infected cattle. | 1999 | 10325368 |
| the effect of high concentrations of cryoprotectants on the passage of bovine viral diarrhea virus through the zona pellucida of in vitro fertilized embryos. | the effect of high concentrations of cryoprotectants on the passage of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) through the zona pellucida (zp) of intact bovine embryos during the pre-freezing step of cryopreservation was investigated in a series of experiments. in vitro fertilized (ivf) embryos at the blastocyst stage were exposed to 10(6) tcid50 bvdv (non-cytopathic ny-1 strain) in a 30% suspension of either ethylene glycol, glycerol, dmso, or 2 m sucrose in physiological saline for 10 min at 20 deg ... | 1999 | 10333065 |
| serological survey of viral antibodies in llamas (lama glama) in argentina. | this study analysed sera from 390 llamas (lama glama) from nine farms located in three different argentine provinces: buenos aires, cordoba and jujuy. the samples were tested for antibodies against 8 virus known to infect cattle: bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine adenovirus (badv iii), bovine enterovirus (bev), bovine rotavirus (brv), bluetongue virus (btv), bovine leukaemia virus (blv), and foot-and-mouth virus (fmdv) by conventional methods such as s ... | 1999 | 10337237 |
| possible causes of diabetes mellitus in cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | in cattle, we encountered insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection. to estimate the correlation between iddm and bvdv infection, the distribution of bvdv in the pancreas and islet-cell antibody (ica) were investigated. the distribution of bvdv in the pancreas was examined by in situ hybridization using two oligonucleotide probes that recognized the gp25- and p14-coding regions of the bvdv gene. ica was examined by indirect fluoresce ... | 1999 | 10337243 |
| use of bovine viral diarrhoea virus as an internal control for amplification of hepatitis c virus. | screening for hepatitis c virus (hcv) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) will be mandatory for screening blood and plasma donors in europe and elsewhere. this study describes an internally controlled, highly sensitive pcr method designed for screening blood donations in pools. | 1999 | 10341333 |
| bovine herpes virus expressing envelope protein (e2) of bovine viral diarrhea virus as a vaccine candidate. | the gene encoding the envelope protein (e2) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was expressed under the thymidine kinase (tk) promoter of korean bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) isolate. thymidine kinase negative (tk-) bhv-1 recombinants expressing e2 of bvdv were constructed and the expression of e2 was identified by immunofluorescence and western blotting. compared to wild type bhv-1, the recombinant bhv-1 had a delayed cytopathogenic effect in cells. the immunogenicity of the recombinant bhv-1 ... | 1999 | 10342291 |
| experimental infection of calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype ii (ny-93). | to ascertain the virulence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) genotype ii, isolate ny-93 was inoculated intranasally into 3 calves, 2 of which were treated with a synthetic glucocorticoid prior to and after virus inoculation. anorexia, fever (up to 42 c), dyspnea, and hemorrhagic diarrhea developed 6 days after intranasal inoculation with bvdv ny-93. the condition of all calves deteriorated further until the end of the study on day 14 postinoculation. the most significant postmortem macroscop ... | 1999 | 10353352 |
| oxidative stress in cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus: a crucial step in the induction of apoptosis. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) belongs to the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae. both a noncytopathic (ncp) and an antigenically related cytopathic (cp) bvdv can be isolated from persistently infected animals suffering from mucosal disease. in every case studied so far, the genomic changes leading to the cp biotype correlate with the production of the ns3 nonstructural protein, which, in the ncp biotype, is present in its uncleaved form, ns23. this report shows that, in contrast t ... | 1999 | 10355761 |
| localization of pestiviral envelope proteins e(rns) and e2 at the cell surface and on isolated particles. | the glycoproteins e(rns) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and e(rns) and e2 of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) are shown to be located at the surface of infected cells by the use of indirect immunofluorescence and by cytofluorometric analysis. the positive immunostaining of the cell surface was further analysed by immunogold electron microscopy and it could be shown that only extracellular virions were labelled. gold granules were not seen at the cellular plasma membrane. in contrast to ... | 1999 | 10355762 |
| nonhomologous rna recombination in bovine viral diarrhea virus: molecular characterization of a variety of subgenomic rnas isolated during an outbreak of fatal mucosal disease. | four bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (bvdv-2) pairs consisting of cytopathogenic (cp) and noncp bvdv-2 were isolated during an outbreak of mucosal disease. comparative sequence analysis showed that the four noncp bvdv-2 isolates were almost identical. for the cp bvdv-2 isolates, viral subgenomic rnas were shown by northern blot to have a length of about 8 kb, which is about 4.3 kb shorter than the genome of noncp bvdv. cytopathogenicity and the expression of ns3 were both strictly correlated ... | 1999 | 10364314 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus quasispecies during persistent infection. | analysis of viral genome sequences from two calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus revealed a quasispecies distribution. the sequences encoding the glycoprotein e2 were variable, translating to a number of changes in predicted amino acid sequences. the ns3 region was found to be highly conserved in both animals. the number of e2 clones showing variant amino acids increased with the age of the animal and comparison of the consensus sequences at the different time points con ... | 1999 | 10364492 |
| internal initiation of translation of bovine viral diarrhea virus rna. | initiation of translation on the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) internal ribosomal entry site (ires) was reconstituted in vitro from purified translation components to the stage of 48s ribosomal initiation complex formation. ribosomal binding and positioning on this mrna to form a 48s complex did not require the initiation factors eif4a, eif4b, or eif4f, and translation of this mrna was resistant to inhibition by a trans-dominant eif4a mutant that inhibited cap-mediated initiation of transla ... | 1999 | 10366562 |
| comparison of type i and type ii bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in swine. | some isolates of type ii bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) are capable of causing severe clinical disease in cattle. bovine viral diarrhea virus infection has been reported in pigs, but the ability of these more virulent isolates of type ii bvdv to induce severe clinical disease in pigs is unknown. it was our objective to compare clinical, virologic, and pathologic findings between type i and type ii bvdv infection in pigs. noninfected control and bvdv-infected 2-month-old pigs were used. a non ... | 1999 | 10369569 |
| incidence of diarrhea among calves after strict closure and eradication of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in a dairy herd. | to determine whether strict closure of a dairy herd and eradication of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection would decrease incidence of diarrhea in calves during the first 31 days after birth, whether specific risk factors were associated with incidence of diarrhea in calves, and whether diarrhea was associated with weight gain of the calves. | 1999 | 10382026 |
| virus validation of ph 4-treated human immunoglobulin products produced by the cohn fractionation process. | to assess the virus reducing capacity of cohn's cold ethanol fractionation process for the production of intravenous (ivig) and intramuscular (imig) immunoglobulin products, and treatment of these products at ph 4, a validation study of virus removal and/or inactivation was performed using both lipid-enveloped viruses [human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and pseudorabies virus (psr)], and non-lipid-enveloped viruses [(simian virus 40 (sv40) and encephalomyocar ... | 1998 | 10403030 |
| removal of viruses from human intravenous immune globulin by 35 nm nanofiltration. | viral safety is an important prerequisite for clinical immunoglobulin preparations. a common manufacturing practice is to utilize several virus removal/inactivation process steps to ensure the safety of human intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig). in this regard, we examined the use of planova 35 nm filters to reduce potential loads of both non-enveloped and enveloped viruses prior to end-stage solvent detergent treatment. the nanofiltration process was validated for removal of a variety of envelope ... | 1998 | 10403036 |
| genetic analysis of pestiviruses at the 3' end of the genome. | specific pcr primers were selected for each pestivirus genotype which flanked the 3'-part of the ns5b gene and more than three quarters of the 3'-utr. pcr products were sequenced in both directions using an automatic sequencing device and analyzed by computer package program dnastar. a comparative analysis of the 3' untranslated region (3'-utr) of 82 viruses, representing the four genotypes of the pestivirus genus, provided a similar phylogenetic grouping as other genomic regions. intertypic rec ... | 1999 | 10403696 |
| benefits and risks due to animal serum used in cell culture production. | infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and other viruses is frequent in the bovine population. in utero infection leads to virus and antibody contamination of foetal and other serum used in cell culture production. the use of contaminated cells for vaccine production may result in contaminated vaccines, which may lead to seroconversion or disease in the vaccinated animal. contaminated serum or cell cultures may also interfere with the diagnosis of viral infections. methods for the de ... | 1999 | 10404869 |
| immunohistochemical demonstration of bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigen in the pancreatic islet cells of cattle with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. | the pancreatic islets were studied in seven cattle with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) associated with persistent bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection. bvdv antigen was detected immunohistochemically in the pancreatic islet cells. there was a decrease in the size and number of islets, vacuolar degeneration of residual islet cells, and lymphocytic insulitis. the atrophied islets were composed of small uniform cells with limited amounts of cytoplasm, containing a small number ... | 1999 | 10405307 |
| genetic clustering of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses in cattle farms: genetic identification and analysis of viruses directly from cattle sera. | the herd-specific genetic clustering of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was studied by phylogenetic analysis of 42 sera collected between 1995-97 from persistently infected cattle on 16 farms in sweden. the viruses were typed by sequencing a part of the 5' untranslated region of the genome, which had been amplified directly from serum by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. all of the viruses were of bvdv i, either bvdv ia (nadl-like) or bvdv ib (osloss-like) genotypes. no relati ... | 1999 | 10409414 |
| health status of bulls used for natural breeding on farms in south west scotland. | one hundred and nine breeding bulls were examined during the period november 1992 to june 1993 on farms in south west scotland for evidence of infectious diseases associated with breeding. preputial washings were collected to screen for campylobacter fetus venerialis, together with serial blood samples to assess their seroprevalence to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), leptospira hardjo and bovine herpes virus-4 (bhv-4). the possible impact of natural mating on ... | 1999 | 10416365 |
| detection of viral antigen in placenta and fetus of cattle acutely infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the reproductive organs and fetuses of seven norwegian red heifers were investigated for the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) antigen during the time of initial transplacental transmission of the virus. the heifers were inoculated with a noncytopathogenic bvdv at day 85/86 of gestation and were slaughtered at day 7, 10, 14, 18, or 22 postinoculation (pi). cryostat sections of uterus, ovaries, placentomes, intercotyledonary fetal membranes, and fetal organs were examined using immun ... | 1999 | 10421093 |
| differential cytokine responses of cd4+ and cd8+ t cells in response to bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle. | virus-specific t cell responses were measured in cattle seropositive for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and compared with those from bvdv-seronegative animals. cd4+ and cd8+ t cells were purified and co-cultured in vitro with autologous, bvdv-infected monocytes over a time-course to assess the kinetics of the proliferative response. supernatants from parallel t cell cultures were harvested and the presence of the cytokines interleukin (il)-2, il-4 and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) were measu ... | 1999 | 10423135 |
| recombinant adenoviruses expressing the e2 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus induce humoral and cellular immune responses. | the e2 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a major viral glycoprotein and an attractive target for bvdv vaccines. three replication defective recombinant adenoviruses expressing the bvdv/e2 protein (rads/e2) were constructed. two contain a constitutive promoter, and one an inducible promoter. all three recombinant adenoviruses induced very strong bvdv specific antibody responses in a mouse model as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (elisa) and neutralization tests. induc ... | 1999 | 10436933 |
| induction of humoral and cellular immune responses against the nucleocapsid of bovine viral diarrhea virus by an adenovirus vector with an inducible promoter. | a new recombinant adenovirus was constructed that expressed the nucleocapsid (c protein or p14) of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) under the control of a tetracycline-regulatable promoter. mice covaccinated with this recombinant adenovirus, accompanied by another recombinant adenovirus expressing the trans-activator protein, induced a strong humoral immune response to the bvdv/c protein as detected by elisa. splenocytes from mice immunized with the recombinant adenovirus showed a specific ... | 1999 | 10441551 |
| investigation of the immunological properties of the bovine viral diarrhea virus protein ns3 expressed by an adenovirus vector in mice. | two replication-defective human adenovirus recombinants encoding the ns3 protein (p80) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) under the control of a modified adenovirus major later promoter (bm5), radbm5/ns3, and human cytomegalovirus promoter (cmv5), radcmv5/ns3, were constructed. these two recombinant adenoviruses were tested for their expression of the ns3 protein in vitro in three different cell lines and also in vivo for the induction of bvdv-specific immune responses in mice. the recombinan ... | 1999 | 10446643 |
| semiliki forest virus vector carrying the bovine viral diarrhea virus ns3 (p80) cdna induced immune responses in mice and expressed bvdv protein in mammalian cells. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a primary pathogen responsible for bovine enteric, respiratory and reproductive failure. a genetic region is encoding the p80 (ns3) of bvdv as the most conserved protein among pestiviruses. bvdv infection in cattle induces ns3 specific lymphocyte proliferation and humoral responses. to generate a dna vaccine against bvdv, the gene for bvdv-nadl ns3 was cloned into an eukaryotic expression vector of semiliki forest virus (psfv-1). quadriceps muscles of balb/c ... | 1999 | 10465327 |
| susceptibility of bovine naked 2- and 4-cell embryos and hatched blastocysts produced in vitro to infection with noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus. | to investigate the susceptibility of early bovine embryos to noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncp bvdv), 2- and 4-cell embryos produced in vitro from which zona pellucida had been removed by pronase treatment, and hatched blastocysts were exposed to 10(6) tcid50/m/ of ncp bvdv no. 12 strain. the virus was detected in all embryo samples immediately prior to cultivation but not in the medium. after 24-hr culture, the virus was isolated from four media and two embryo samples in four e ... | 1999 | 10487236 |
| genetic diversity of pestiviruses: identification of novel groups and implications for classification. | the complete npro coding sequences were determined for 16 pestiviruses isolated from cattle, pig, and several wild ruminant species including reindeer, bison, deer, and bongo. phylogenetic analysis enabled the segregation of pestiviruses into the established species bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). for bvdv-1 five distinct subgroups were identified, while bvdv-2, bdv, and csfv were each subdivided into two subgrou ... | 1999 | 10489341 |
| effect of bovine herpesvirus-1 or bovine viral diarrhea virus on development of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. | in previous experiments, zona pellucida (zp)-intact in vitro-produced (ivp) embryos incubated for 1 hr with 10(6.3) tcid(50)/ml bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), 10(5.3) tcid(50)/ml cytopathic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) or 10(5.3) tcid(50)/ml noncytopathic (ncp) bvdv showed no signs of virus replication or embryonic degeneration. the aims of the present study were to investigate whether a prolonged presence (24 hr or 8 days) of 10(6.3) tcid(50)/ml bhv-1 or 10(5.3) tcid(50)/ml bvdv in a ... | 1999 | 10497347 |
| an internal duplication in the 5' noncoding region of strain h: a bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolated from pigs. | a pig pestivirus isolate, strain h, was characterized by using reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and direct sequencing of the amplicons. a duplication of 74 nucleotides was found at the 5' terminus of the 5' noncoding (nc) region, which was also found in rna isolates from tonsils from two other pigs from the same farm. when the duplication was omitted, the 5' nc region showed 97.8% similarity to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain korevaar and 94% to bvdv strain osloss. furthermore, the ... | 1999 | 10499449 |
| [selection of bvdv genotype ii isolates using a monoclonal antibody and facs analysis]. | the infection of cattle with the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in germany is gaining attention and guidelines for the "protection of cattle farms against bvdv infections" were passed in 1997. new investigations about the damages induced by bvdv infections as well as the new occurrence of so-called bvdv genotypes (bvdv i and ii) made the problems to become aware. the newly described bvdv genotype considerably differs both genetically and antigenetically from the up to now known bvd-viruses ( ... | 1999 | 10507184 |
| assignment of the multifunctional ns3 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus during rna replication: an in vivo and in vitro study. | studies on the replication of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were considerably facilitated by the recent discovery of an autonomous subgenomic bvdv rna replicon (di9c). di9c comprises mainly the untranslated regions of the viral genome and the coding region of the nonstructural proteins ns3, ns4a, ns4b, ns5a, and ns5b. to assess the significance of the ns3-associated nucleoside triphosphatase/helicase activity during rna replication and to explore other functional features of ... | 1999 | 10516027 |
| establishment and characterization of cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic pestivirus replicons. | defective interfering particles (dis) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) have been identified and shown to be cytopathogenic (cp) in the presence of noncytopathogenic (noncp) helper virus. moreover, a subgenomic (sg) rna corresponding in its genome structure to one of those bvdv dis (di9) was replication competent in the absence of helper virus. we report here that an sg bvdv replicon which encodes from the viral proteins only the first three amino acids of the autoprotease n(pro) in addition ... | 1999 | 10516051 |
| imino sugars inhibit the formation and secretion of bovine viral diarrhea virus, a pestivirus model of hepatitis c virus: implications for the development of broad spectrum anti-hepatitis virus agents. | one function of n-linked glycans is to assist in the folding of glycoproteins by mediating interactions of the lectin-like chaperone proteins calnexin and calreticulin with nascent glycoproteins. these interactions can be prevented by inhibitors of the alpha-glucosidases, such as n-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (nb-dnj) and n-nonyl-dnj (nn-dnj), and this causes some proteins to be misfolded and retained within the endoplasmic reticulum (er). we have shown previously that the nn-dnj-induced misfolding o ... | 1999 | 10518544 |
| seroprevalence to bovine virus diarrhoea virus and other viruses of the bovine respiratory complex in venezuela (apure state). | six hundred and fifteen serum samples obtained from cows in five districts of apure state, venezuela, were tested by elisa for antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). the same samples were also elisa-tested for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). additionally, the haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test was used for detecting antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3). overall, seroprevalence to bvdv was 36+/-7% (se); ser ... | 1999 | 10530426 |
| nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for typing ruminant pestiviruses: bovine viral diarrhea viruses and border disease virus. | a nested reverse transcription (rt) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was evaluated for differentiating reference bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strains, bvdv from diagnostic accessions, modified-live virus (mlv) bvdv strains in bovine viral vaccines, and a reference border disease virus (bdv). the detection level of this assay was compared to viral infection in cell culture. the pcr assay was used to distinguish 3 ruminant pestiviruses, types 1 and 2 bvdv, and type 3 bdv. the consensus ... | 1999 | 10534007 |
| genetic typing of bovine pestiviruses from england and wales. | using rna purified directly from stored clinical specimens, a collection of 62 pestiviruses were typed by rt-pcr and sequencing within the 5'-untranslated region of the genome. all the specimens had been obtained in 1966/1967 from diary cattle in england and wales. eight further pestiviruses, grown in cell culture, were characterised in the same way. seven of these viruses were representatives of a panel of british isolates, obtained from cattle ten years before. the eighth was the virus used in ... | 1999 | 10535769 |
| hepatitis c virus and other flaviviridae viruses enter cells via low density lipoprotein receptor. | endocytosis of the flaviviridae viruses, hepatitis c virus, gb virus c/hepatitis g virus, and bovine viral diarrheal virus (bvdv) was shown to be mediated by low density lipoprotein (ldl) receptors on cultured cells by several lines of evidence: by the demonstration that endocytosis of these virus correlated with ldl receptor activity, by complete inhibition of detectable endocytosis by anti-ldl receptor antibody, by inhibition with anti-apolipoprotein e and -apolipoprotein b antibodies, by chem ... | 1999 | 10535997 |
| pestivirus infection in small ruminants: virological and histopathological findings. | pestivirus infection was detected in several flocks of sheep and goats located in the south of italy by means of serological, virological and histopathological investigations. from four animals, two lambs and two kids, showing enteric symptoms which died during the first week of life, four pestivirus strains were isolated and typed as bvdv-like (three isolates) and "tipic" bdv strains (one isolate). the histopathological lesions consisted of areas of hypomyelination in the brain, and a slight de ... | 1999 | 10555206 |
| mutational analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | recombinant bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) nonstructural protein 5b (ns5b) produced in insect cells has been shown to possess an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) activity. our initial attempt to produce the full-length bvdv ns5b with a c-terminal hexahistidine tag in escherichia coli failed due to the expression of insoluble products. prompted by a recent report that removal of the c-terminal hydrophobic domain significantly improved the solubility of hepatitis c virus (hcv) ns5b, we cons ... | 1999 | 10559328 |
| effect of experimentally induced type ii bovine viral diarrhea virus infection on platelet function in calves. | to evaluate platelet aggregation responses in calves experimentally infected with a thrombocytopenia-inducing type ii bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolate (bvdv 890). | 1999 | 10566815 |
| vaccination of cattle with a dna plasmid encoding the bovine viral diarrhoea virus major glycoprotein e2. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is an economically important pathogen of cattle that is ubiquitously distributed worldwide. in this study, cattle were immunized by intramuscular injections with plasmid dna expressing the bvdv type 1 major glycoprotein e2. animals either received injections of naked dna (n-dna) or dna in cationic liposomes (l-dna). both dna preparations induced virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in vaccinates, although the response was much lower in n-dna-immunized animal ... | 1999 | 10567644 |
| serological survey for antibodies against selected infectious agents among fallow deer (dama dama) in central italy. | sera were collected from 224 fallow deer (dama dama) in reserves in central italy. samples were tested for antibodies against chlamydia spp., brucella spp. and coxiella spp. with the complement fixation (cf) test. indirect immunofluorescence was used to test for antibodies against borrelia spp. and agglutination tests were conducted for leptospira interrogans antibodies. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests were used to detect antibodies against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and bovine ... | 1999 | 10574071 |
| viremia and virus shedding in elk infected with type 1 and virulent type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus. | in order to determine whether elk (cervus elaphus) could be infected with and shed bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and to determine whether bvdv could cause disease in elk, two groups of five yearling elk each and two control cattle were experimentally inoculated intranasally with type 1 singer strain or a virulent type 2 isolate of bvdv, strain 24515. virulence of the type 2 isolate was confirmed by inoculation of a control bovine cow which developed diarrhea, dehydration, severe thrombocyto ... | 1999 | 10574525 |
| expression of bovine viral diarrhoea virus glycoprotein e2 by bovine herpesvirus-1 from a synthetic orf and incorporation of e2 into recombinant virions. | expression cassettes containing the codons for the pestivirus e (rns) signal peptide (sig) followed by a chemically synthesized orf that encoded the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain c86 glycoprotein e2, a class i membrane glycoprotein, were constructed with and without a chimeric intron sequence immediately upstream of the translation start codon, and incorporated into the genome of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). the resulting recombinants, bhv- 1/sige2(syn) and bhv-1/sige2(syn)-intron, ... | 1999 | 10580045 |
| prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus antibodies in india. | a study was undertaken regarding the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibodies in bovine sera which tested negative for rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants virus antibodies. the samples were collected between january 1996 and december 1997. a total of 439 samples (327 cattle and 112 buffalo from 17 states of india) were tested using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit. the mean prevalence of bvdv antibodies in cattle was 15.29% (50/327) in 16 state ... | 1999 | 10588010 |
| correlation between point mutations in ns2 and the viability and cytopathogenicity of bovine viral diarrhea virus strain oregon analyzed with an infectious cdna clone. | cytopathogenicity of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is correlated with expression of the nonstructural protein ns3, which can be generated by processing of a fusion protein termed ns2-3. for the cytopathogenic (cp) bvdv strain oregon, ns2-3 processing is based on a set of point mutations within ns2. to analyze the correlation between ns2-3 cleavage and cytopathogenicity, a full-length cdna clone composed of cdna from bvdv oregon and the utmost 5'- and 3'-terminal sequences of a published inf ... | 2000 | 10590128 |
| uterine tubal cells remain uninfected after culture with in vitro-produced embryos exposed to bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has been isolated from washed and sonicated, in vitro-produced embryos, but the infectivity of bvdv associated with intact, developing, embryos has not been demonstrated. the objective of this study was to determine if a dose of bvdv infective for co-culture cells was associated with individual, developing embryos, following artificial exposure to the virus and washing. in 5 replicates, zona pellucida-intact, in vitro-produced embryos were assigned to a negativ ... | 1999 | 10591493 |
| ovine pestiviruses: their taxonomic status revealed by palindromic nucleotide substitutions. | we examined previously identified border disease virus (bdv) strains by using a newly proposed genotyping procedure based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) in the 5'-untranslated region (utr), and found 22 (41.5%) out of 53 strains of bdv in the nucleotide sequence databases are not of bdv. all the 22 ovine pestivirus strains were allocated to the bvdv species according to the pns, and were compared with reference strains of pestivirus 1 (bvdv-ia,-ib, and-ic genovars), pestivirus 2 ( ... | 1999 | 10591495 |
| serological and molecular diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhoea virus and evidence of other viral infections in dairy calves with respiratory disease in venezuela. | an investigation based on 2 studies was carried out to assess the involvement of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in calf respiratory disease in dairy farms in venezuela. in the first study, 8 farms were selected and paired serum samples from 42 calves with respiratory disease were tested by elisa for antibodies to the 3 viruses. seroconversion to bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv was found to 5, 2, and 6 farms out of the 8 ... | 1999 | 10605142 |
| [inactivation of bvdv (experimental model for hepatitis c) using low ph and heat treatment in intravenous human immunoglobulins]. | to measure the capability of heat (60 degrees c for 10 hr) and low ph to inactivate bvdv (a model of hcv) in human intravenous immunoglobulins. | 1999 | 10618912 |
| alteration of leukocyte populations in calves concurrently infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection altered leukocyte populations in calves that were reflected by depression of t, bocd4+, and bocd8+ lymphocytes in the thymus and depression of b lymphocytes in peyer's patches (pp). the present study was based on mononuclear leukocyte preparations from eighteen 9- to 12-month-old crossbred calves that were each exposed to either bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bvdv, or brsv and bvdv concurrently, or served as mock-infected controls. periphe ... | 1999 | 10630791 |
| structural aspects of the zona pellucida of in vitro-produced bovine embryos: a scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopic study. | structural aspects of the bovine zona pellucida (zp) of in vitro-matured (ivm) oocytes and in vitro-produced (ivp) embryos were studied in two experiments to find a tentative explanation for the zona's barrier function against viral infection. in experiment 1, the ultrastructure of the outer zp surface was studied. the diameter (nm) and the number of the outer pores within an area of 5000 microm(2) of 10 ivm oocytes, 10 zygotes, 10 8-cell-stage embryos, and 10 morulae were evaluated by scanning ... | 2000 | 10642588 |
| the rna helicase and nucleotide triphosphatase activities of the bovine viral diarrhea virus ns3 protein are essential for viral replication. | helicase/nucleoside triphosphatase (ntpase) motifs have been identified in many rna virus genomes. similarly, all the members of the flaviviridae family contain conserved helicase/ntpase motifs in their homologous ns3 proteins. although this suggests that this activity plays a critical role in the viral life cycle, the precise role of the helicase/ntpase in virus replication or whether it is essential for virus replication is still unknown. to determine the role of the ns3 helicase/ntpase in the ... | 2000 | 10644352 |
| interactions of bovine viral diarrhoea virus glycoprotein e(rns) with cell surface glycosaminoglycans. | recombinant e(rns) glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) has been tagged with a marker epitope or linked to an immunoglobulin fc tail and expressed in insect and mammalian cell lines. the product was shown to be functional, both having ribonuclease activity and binding to a variety of cells that were permissive and non-permissive for replication of bvdv. addition of soluble e(rns) to the medium blocked replication of bvdv in permissive cells. binding of epitope-tagged e(rns) to per ... | 2000 | 10644844 |
| virus safety of avital bone tissue transplants: evaluation of sterilization steps of spongiosa cuboids using a peracetic acid-methanol mixture. | the aim of this study was to validate the virus-inactivating/eliminating capacity of the manufacturing process of spongiosa cuboids. both the sterilization step with peracetic acid (paa)/ethanol and the defatting step of bones with chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) were investigated. relevant enveloped, non-enveloped, and model viruses belonging to different virus families were included in the investigation: human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2), hepatitis a virus (hav), poliovirus (pv-1), ps ... | 1999 | 10652175 |
| infections with flaviviridae. | the family of the flaviviridae contains 3 genera: (i) the hepaciviruses, to which belongs hepatitis c virus (hcv), (ii) the flaviviruses and (iii) the pestiviruses. over 140 million people, more than four times the number of hiv-positive individuals, are chronically infected with the hcv. hepatitis g virus (hgv) has not yet been assigned to a genus. the impact of this recently discovered virus is yet to be established. infections with flaviviruses such as yellow fever virus (yfv), dengue fever v ... | 1999 | 10655776 |
| influence of new infection with bovine virus diarrhoea virus on udder health in norwegian dairy cows. | a retrospective longitudinal study was conducted to examine whether the exposure of dairy herds to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) affected udder health. all norwegian dairy herds that had experienced a marked increase in the bvdv antibody titres in bulk milk (from a level corresponding to an optical density (od) <0.25 to >0.55, as determined by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) between two nation-wide herd screening examinations carried out late in 1992 and 1993, respectively, ... | 2000 | 10673059 |
| birth of a bvdv-free calf from a persistently infected embryo transfer donor. | 2000 | 10678813 | |
| typing of pestiviruses from eland in zimbabwe. | pestiviruses were isolated from three eland (taurotragus oryx) in zimbabwe. the viruses were characterised by typing with monoclonal antibodies and by partial genetic sequencing. all were similar to bovine viral diarrhea viruses commonly isolated from cattle. this suggests that bovine viral diarrhea virus can spread from cattle to eland. | 2000 | 10682761 |
| ultrastructural changes in follicles of small-intestinal aggregated lymphoid nodules in early and advanced phases of experimentally induced mucosal diseases in calves. | to investigate ultrastructural changes in follicles of small-intestinal aggregated lymphoid nodules (peyer's patches) of calves with early and advanced phases of experimentally induced mucosal disease (md). | 2000 | 10685690 |
| strategies for evaluation of enveloped virus inactivation in red cell concentrates using hypericin. | photodynamically induced virus inactivation appears promising in preventing transmission of enveloped virus infections in transfusible blood products. the potential for utilizing hypericin as a photosensitizer to inactivate key enveloped viruses in packed red cell concentrates (prc) was evaluated. in addition to inactivating effectively > or = 10(6) tcid50 of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), inactivation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in prc was used as a model for hepatitis c virus to ... | 2000 | 10687393 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus cytopathic and noncytopathic biotypes and type 1 and 2 genotypes in diagnostic laboratory accessions: clinical and necropsy samples from cattle. | one hundred three bovine samples submitted to the oklahoma animal disease diagnostic laboratory (oaddl) that were positive for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were typed by a nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for bvdv genotypes. these bvdv samples included supernatants from virus isolation (79), serums (17), and buffy coats (7). the biotype, cytopathic (cp) or noncytopathic (ncp), was determined by cell culture virus isolation. twenty-eight of 103 samples were submitted f ... | 2000 | 10690773 |
| neospora caninum and bovine virus diarrhoea virus infections in swedish dairy cows in relation to abortion. | the protozoan parasite neospora caninum and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) are recognized as important causes of bovine abortion and congenital disease worldwide. in this study, serological investigations were performed to estimate the prevalence of n. caninum infection in swedish dairy cattle, to assess to what extent it may affect abortion rates, and to determine possible effects of coinfection with bvdv. the overall n. caninum seroprevalence in swedish dairy cows was estimated at 2% (16/ ... | 2000 | 10712809 |
| broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the imp dehydrogenase inhibitor vx-497: a comparison with ribavirin and demonstration of antiviral additivity with alpha interferon. | the enzyme imp dehydrogenase (impdh) catalyzes an essential step in the de novo biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides, namely, the conversion of imp to xmp. the major event occurring in cells exposed to competitive impdh inhibitors such as ribavirin or uncompetitive inhibitors such as mycophenolic acid (mpa) is a depletion of the intracellular gtp and dgtp pools. ribavirin is approved as an inhaled antiviral agent for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and orally, in combinat ... | 2000 | 10722482 |
| obtaining immunologically active bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) proteins for enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | we report here the preparation of bvdv antigen (ag) to obtain adequate quantities of pure active viral proteins from madin darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cell culture infected with bvdv cytophatic oregon c24v strain. sds-page, immunodot, ecl-western blot and elisa showed the best specificity and activity of bvdv ag obtained from infected cells only by mild experimental conditions. bvdv ag preparations showed the peculiar bvdv sensitivity to proteases, nonionic surfactants and tend for protein degrad ... | 1999 | 10726311 |
| prevalence of antibodies to ibr and bvd viruses in dairy cows with reproductive disorders. | we determined the prevalence of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in sera of dairy cows on 4 different farms in the republic of croatia. a high percentage (60.8%) of cows had various reproductive disorders. the results showed that seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) was 85.8% and that of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) was 79.2% in tested cows. antibodies to both viruses were found in 80.8% of cows with reproduct ... | 1999 | 10729010 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus: its effects on estradiol, progesterone and prostaglandin secretion in the cow. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a major cattle pathogen responsible for a spectrum of symptoms, including reproductive failure. this study was designed to establish the effects of bvdv infection on estradiol, progesterone and pgf2alpha secretion in the cow. seven bvdv-free cows were challenged with non-cytopathogenic bvdv (strain pe 515: 5x10(6) tissue culture infected dose50) so that peak viremia occurred during the initial phase of luteal development in a synchronized estrous cycle. ovul ... | 1999 | 10729080 |
| comparison of virus isolation and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in bulk milk tank samples. | the use of a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay to screen bulk milk tank samples for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has proven to be a sensitive and economical means to evaluate the lactating animals in a herd. the assay is capable of detecting the presence of a single persistently infected animal within a group of several hundred cows. over a 3-year period, 144 samples from 97 farms were tested for bvdv using an rt-pcr assay in conjunction with a classical virus ... | 2000 | 10730955 |
| changes in ovarian follicles following acute infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has been associated with several reproductive problems in cattle, including poor fertility, early embryonic deaths, abortion and congenital anomalies. little is known about the cause of poor fertility in cows acutely infected with bvdv. the purpose of this study was to identify changes in ovarian function following acute infection with noncytopathic bvdv. the ovaries of 5 bvdv sero-negative and virus-negative pubertal heifers were monitored daily for 4 consecut ... | 1998 | 10732038 |
| association of bovine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization with a noncytopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus type ii. | in the first experiment, heifers were infected experimentally with bovine viral diarrhea virus type ii (bvdv-type ii, strain cd87; characterized by high morbidity and mortality). subsequently, in vitro fertilized embryos were produced from oocytes collected on day 4, 8, and 16 post infection. in a total of 29 heifers, the infectious virus was detected in 55% of the samples of the follicular fluid, in 10% of the oviductal cells, in 10% of the uterine flushes and in 41% of the in vitro fertilized ... | 1998 | 10732060 |
| risk factors for neospora caninum-associated abortion storms in dairy herds in the netherlands (1995 to 1997). | a 2 to 1 matched case control study design was used to analyze herd level risk factors for neospora caninum-associated abortion storms in 47 dairy herds. data were obtained using a questionnaire regarding the state of affairs at the farms over the 2 years prior to the abortion storm. the questionnaire included 120 variables considered to be potential risk factors for either introduction of infection or recrudescence of chronic infection. the relationship between risk factors and case control pai ... | 1999 | 10734392 |
| washing and trypsin treatment of in vitro derived bovine embryos exposed to bovine viral diarrhea virus. | gametes, somatic cells and materials of animal origin in media are potential sources for introducing bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) into systems for production of ivf bovine embryos. further, the efficacy of washing and trypsin treatment for removal of bvdv from ivf embryos is questionable. washing and trypsin treatments recommended by the international embryo transfer society for in vivo-derived embryos were applied to in vitro-derived, virus-exposed, bovine embryos in this side-by-side com ... | 1998 | 10734446 |
| noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) reduces cleavage but increases blastocyst yield of in vitro produced embryos. | the growing application of in vitro embryo production systems that utilize slaughterhouse tissues of animals of unknown health status conveys the risk of disease transmission. one pathogen of concern in this regard is bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bvdv on in vitro embryonic development. a bovine in vitro embryo production system was experimentally infected with bvdv at 2 stages: prior to in vitro maturation by incubating cumu ... | 1998 | 10734451 |