Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| dogmas and controversies in the handling of nitrogenous wastes: expression of arginase type i and ii genes in rainbow trout: influence of fasting on liver enzyme activity and mrna levels in juveniles. | through analysis of a cdna library and third-party annotation of available database sequences, we characterized the full-length coding regions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) type i, onmy-arg01, and type ii, onmy-arg02, arginase genes. two partial related arginase sequences, onmy-arg01b and onmy-arg02b, and a full-length zebrafish arginase coding region (danio rerio), dare-arg02, are also reported. comparison of vertebrate arginase sequences shows that both type i and type ii genes in bon ... | 2004 | 15143137 |
| toxic effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac. part i: histopathological alterations and bioaccumulation in rainbow trout. | human and veterinary pharmaceuticals have been shown to occur in considerably high amounts in sewage treatment plant (stp) effluents and surface waters. the non-steroidal inflammatory drug diclofenac represents one of the most commonly detected compounds. information concerning possible ecotoxicological risks of the substance are rather scarce. so far there are no data available on its possible effects in fish after prolonged exposure. in order to evaluate sublethal toxic effects of diclofenac i ... | 2004 | 15145224 |
| expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) during an infection with ichthyophthirius multifiliis. | inflammatory processes are known to take place in the skin of fish during an infection with the parasitic ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis. the present study shows that the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (il-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), the chemokine interleukin 8 (il-8) and the type ii il-1 receptor (il-1rii) are expressed in rainbow trout during an infection. in the skin an up to 17.8 times increase in the expression level of il-1beta relative to uninf ... | 2004 | 15145419 |
| evaluation of five diagnostic methods for the detection and quantification of myxobolus cerebralis. | diagnostic methods were used to identify and quantify myxobolus cerebralis, a myxozoan parasite of salmonid fish. in this study, 7-week-old, pathogen-free rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were experimentally infected with m. cerebralis and at 7 months postinfection were evaluated with 5 diagnostic assays: 1) pepsin-trypsin digest (ptd) to detect and enumerate spores found in cranial cartilage, 2) 2 different histopathology grading scales that provide a numerical score for severity of microsco ... | 2004 | 15152834 |
| effects of fish stocking on ecosystem services: an overview and case study using the stockholm archipelago. | in this article, we focus on documented and possible effects of fish stocking in terms of ecosystem services. the increasing use of fish stocking between 1970 and 2000 in the semiurban setting of stockholm archipelago, sweden, is used as case study. the objective is to analyze this management practice from an ecosystem perspective, accounting for both the ecological and social context of releasing fish. the results show that enhancements of four native species (salmo s. trutta, salmo salar, stiz ... | 2004 | 15156349 |
| a stream mesocosm study on the ecological effects of a c12-15 linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactant. | the responses of fish, invertebrates, and periphyton during a 56-day exposure to a c(12-15) linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactant were studied in stream mesocosms. an individual stream consisted of a slow-flowing pool section and a faster-flowing riffle section. the surfactant has an average distribution of nine ethoxylate groups per mole of alcohol. eight stream mesocosms were used to test the effects of seven concentrations of the surfactant. time-averaged, mean, measured concentrations were 20 ... | 2004 | 15157571 |
| effect of environmental temperature on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) innate immunity. | phagocytosis, complement lytic activity and opsonization capacity of rainbow trout plasma as well as the ability of phagocytes to recognize foreign particles were studied at different temperatures. respiratory burst (rb) activity and opsonization capacity were assessed as chemiluminescence emission from diluted whole blood of fish which were acclimatized for 57 days at temperatures between 5 and 20 degrees c. rb activity was higher at higher acclimatization and in vitro assay temperatures. the p ... | 2004 | 15177112 |
| metabolic responses to low temperature in fish muscle. | for most fish, body temperature is very close to that of the habitat. the diversity of thermal habitats exploited by fish as well as their capacity to adapt to thermal change makes them excellent organisms in which to examine the evolutionary and phenotypic responses to temperature. an extensive literature links cold temperatures with enhanced oxidative capacities in fish tissues, particularly skeletal muscle. closer examination of inter-species comparisons (i.e. the evolutionary perspective) in ... | 2004 | 15191230 |
| fatty acid and lipid class composition in eyes and brain from teleosts and elasmobranchs. | the fatty acid and lipid class composition of the eyes and brain were determined for the following species: atlantic cod (gadus morhua), saithe (pollachius virens), redfish (sebastes marinus), atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), portuguese dogfish (centroscymnus coelolepis), black dogfish (centroscyllium fabricii), and leafscale gulper shark (centrophorus squamosus). fatty acid analyses of eyes from teleosts in the present study indicated that the lean species con ... | 2004 | 15193274 |
| prevalence and diagnosis of bacterial kidney disease (bkd) in scotland between 1990 and 2002. | bacterial kidney disease (bkd) is a notifiable disease for salmonids under united kingdom and european union legislation. within the uk, legislation and the control of infected fish with bkd has been operating for 25 yr. infection by the bacterium renibacterium salmoninarum results in a chronic, debilitating infection and mortality. records of bkd outbreaks and the detection of r. salmoninarum were monitored from 1990 through to 2002 for atlantic salmon salmo salar and rainbow trout oncorhynchus ... | 2004 | 15212278 |
| protective immunity in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss following immunization with distinct molecular mass fractions isolated from flavobacterium psychrophilum. | vaccine development for coldwater disease (cwd), also known as rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs), has been based primarily on whole-cell bacterins or outer membrane fractions of flavobacterium psychrophilum. in the present study, immunogenic regions of the bacterium corresponding to 18-28, 41-49, and 70-100 kda were identified by western blot analysis using rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss immune sera. following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), antigens with ... | 2004 | 15212288 |
| evidence of complement-mediated killing of discocotyle sagittata (platyhelminthes, monogenea) oncomiracidia. | discocotyle sagittata oncomiracidia were rapidly killed when incubated in naïve plasma and immune sera from both rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta), the killing proceeding at a faster rate with blood material from the latter fish species. the lethal activity of naïve plasma and immune sera was comparable. this was abolished after incubation at 45 degrees c for 30 min and by the addition of edta but not egta supplemented with mg(2+), indicating that complement acti ... | 2004 | 15212729 |
| an inhibitor of bacterial quorum sensing reduces mortalities caused by vibriosis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum). | the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum produces quorum sensing signal molecules, n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls), which in several gram-negative human and plant pathogenic bacteria regulate virulence factors. expression of these factors can be blocked using specific quorum-sensing inhibitors (qsis). the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a qsi, furanone c-30, on mortality of rainbow trout during challenge with v. anguillarum. addition of 0.01 or 0.1 microm furanone c-30 to ra ... | 2004 | 15214641 |
| correlation between production of acyl homoserine lactones and proteases in an aeromonas hydrophila aroa live vaccine. | aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogen that causes disease in a wide range of homeothermic and poikilothermic hosts due to its multifactorial virulence. we have previously described the characterisation and use of an auxotrophic aroa mutant of the a. hydrophila ag2 strain as a live attenuated vaccine against a. hydrophila infections in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). in this study we report the expression of extracellular proteolytic activities and of quorum-sensing molecules by this mutant gro ... | 2004 | 15223121 |
| the parasitic ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis induces expression of immune relevant genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | abstract during an infection with the parasitic ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis, expression of genes encoding complement factor c3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), immunoglobulin (igm) and major histocompatibility complex (mhc-ii) was examined in the skin, head kidney and spleen of rainbow trout using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. induction of c3 transcription levels was evident in the skin and spleen showing extra-hepatic production of c3. mhc-i ... | 2004 | 15228610 |
| timing of changes in growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), experimentally infected with loma salmonae (microspora). | 2004 | 15228612 | |
| mercury in fish from the pinchi lake region, british columbia, canada. | water, surface sediments, and <40 cm rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and northern pikeminnow (ptychocheilus oregonensis) were collected from pinchi lake, british columbia, and from several nearby reference lakes. hg concentrations in sediment samples from pinchi l. were highly elevated compared to sediments from reference lakes, especially in sites adjacent to and downstream of a former hg mine. in both fish species examined, hg concentration was positively related to age and/or fork length. ... | 2004 | 15234094 |
| trout cc chemokines: comparison of their sequences and expression patterns. | several thousand est sequences were recently made available in the embl sequence database from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. blast based searches were utilised to identify sequences resembling mammalian cc chemokines within these ests. fifteen new and unique cc chemokine-like sequences were identified for trout, bringing the total of known cc chemokine sequences in trout to 18 when including those already published. some of these trout chemokines appeared highly related (in pairs) sugge ... | 2004 | 15234559 |
| temperature acclimation modifies na+ current in fish cardiac myocytes. | the present study was designed to test the hypothesis that temperature acclimation modifies sarcolemmal na+ current (ina) of the fish cardiac myocytes differently depending on the animal's lifestyle in the cold. two eurythermal fish species with different physiological strategies for surviving in the cold, a cold-dormant crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) and a cold-active rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), were used in acclimation experiments. the ina of carp and trout were also compared w ... | 2004 | 15235011 |
| growth hormone differentially regulates muscle myostatin1 and -2 and increases circulating cortisol in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | myostatin (mstn) negatively regulates muscle growth in vertebrates. salmonids produce two myostatin transcripts from separate genes. surprisingly, quantitative analyses indicate different regulatory mechanisms for the two myostatin genes in rainbow trout. mstn1 mrna levels were elevated 26% following recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbgh) treatment, while mstn2 mrna levels were reduced 74% compared to controls. mstn precursor protein (42kda) levels were elevated in rbgh treated fish compared t ... | 2004 | 15242749 |
| a short-term in vitro gill culture system to study the effects of toxic (copper) and non-toxic (cortisol) stressors on the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | a short-term (24 h) method of gill filament culture system was developed to predict the effects of environmental contamination and stress in fish. gill culture system containing two or three rainbow trout gill filaments in sterile glutamine supplemented leibovitz 15 (l-15) media was submitted for 24 h to six different treatments: (i) cont (control, medium only); (ii) cort (cortisol, 0.28 microm cortisol); (iii) block (glucocorticoid receptor blocker, 14 microm ru 486); (iv) cort+block (cortisol ... | 2004 | 15251188 |
| a test battery for the ecotoxicological evaluation of the agri-chemical environ. | the ecotoxicological effects of the agri-chemical environ were evaluated using a test battery comprising organisms representing three trophic levels of the aquatic ecosystem. the sensitivities of the test species to environ were as follows: microtox > daphnia magna > pseudokirchneriella subcapitata = thamnocephalus platyurus = oncorhynchus mykiss > artemia salina > tetrahymena thermophilia. an order of magnitude sensitivity between the test species was observed which emphasizes the importance of ... | 2004 | 15261732 |
| effects of fish age and parasite dose on the development of whirling disease in rainbow trout. | we determined the ages at which juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss became resistant to the effects of whirling disease following exposure to a range of parasite doses. heretofore, the development and severity of whirling disease in salmonids was known to be generally dependent on the age or size of fish when first exposed to the triactinomyxon spores of myxobolus cerebralis; larger, older individuals tended to be less diseased. however, no systematic determination had been made of the ex ... | 2004 | 15264719 |
| identification of a serine protease gene expressed by myxobolus cerebralis during development in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | serine proteases have been recognized as key factors in parasite physiology and disease development. we have identified a serine protease gene from myxobolus cerebralis, myxsp-1, the myxozoan parasite causing whirling disease in salmonid fishes. the amino acid sequence, as deduced from the cdna sequence, included a catalytic residue arrangement similar to that of the chymotrypsin family of serine proteases. a real-time taqman polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis revealed differences in the t ... | 2004 | 15264720 |
| linkage arrangement of na,k-atpase genes in the tetraploid-derived genome of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | as part of our efforts to characterize na,k-atpase isoforms in salmonid fish, we investigated the linkage arrangement of genes coding for the alpha and beta-subunits of the enzyme complex in the tetraploid-derived genome of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). genetic markers were developed from four of five previously characterized alpha-subunit isoforms (alpha1b, alpha1c, alpha2 and alpha3) and four expressed sequence tags derived from yet undescribed beta-subunit isoforms (beta1a, beta1b, ... | 2004 | 15265073 |
| localization of ghrelin-producing cells in the stomach of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghs-r), was isolated from the rat stomach and determined to be n-octanoylated 28-amino-acid peptide. in this study, we studied the distribution of ghrelin-producing cells (ghrelin cells) in the gastrointestinal tract of male and female rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by immunohistochemistry using n-terminal region-recognizing antibody and also by in situ hybridization using a trout ghrelin-specific crna probe. ghreli ... | 2004 | 15277719 |
| modes of transmission of glugea plecoglossi (microspora) via the skin and digestive tract in an experimental infection model using rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | glugea plecoglossi (microspora) is a significant cause of economic loss in cultured ayu, plecoglossus altivelis, in japan, due to the unsightly appearance of infected fish harbouring xenomas in the body cavity. modes of transmission of g. plecoglossi via the skin and digestive tract were studied in an experimental infection model using rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. combined with uvitex 2b and in situ hybridization (ish) assays, the early development of g. plecoglossi was successfully trace ... | 2004 | 15291785 |
| novel fatty acid elongases and their use for the reconstitution of docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis. | in algae, the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6omega3; dha) proceeds via the elongation of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5omega3; epa) to 22:5omega3, which is required as a substrate for the final delta4 desaturation. to isolate the elongase specific for this step, we searched expressed sequence tag and genomic databases from the algae ostreococcus tauri and thalassiosira pseudonana, from the fish oncorhynchus mykiss, from the frog xenopus laevis, and from the sea squirt ciona intestinalis ... | 2004 | 15292371 |
| refined crystal structure of lysozyme from the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | lysozymes (e.c. 3.2.1.17) are well characterized ubiquitous enzymes that have an antibacterial effect. the lysozymes from rainbow trout (rbtl) (oncorhynchus mykiss) could be particularly interesting in aquaculture since they show higher activity than egg-white lysozyme and lysozymes from other fish species against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. two lysozymes, i and ii, differing only in a single amino acid, were purified from the kidney of rainbow trout and shown to belong to the c-type class ... | 1995 | 15299303 |
| an immunohistochemical study on the neuroendocrine system in the alimentary canal of the brown trout, salmo trutta, l., 1758. | several neurohormonal peptides of the gastrointestinal system of fish have been revealed by immunohistochemical methods. among salmonids, the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) is the most studied species, whereas the informations about other species of the taxonomic group are lacking. the regional distribution and relative densities of cells belonging to the neuroendocrine system have been in this paper demonstrated in the gut of the brown trout, salmo trutta linnaeus. in the gastric ... | 2004 | 15302266 |
| influence of chronic exposure to treated sewage effluent on the distribution of white blood cell populations in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen. | impairment of immune function in aquatic animals has been proposed as a possible consequence of low-level contamination of surface waters with anthropogenic substances such as through the discharge of wastewater into rivers, lakes, and oceans. the study at hand investigated the effects of chronic (32 weeks) exposure to sewage treatment plant (stp) effluent on the prevalence and distribution of different leucocyte populations in spleen samples of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). to simulate a ... | 2004 | 15310861 |
| qualitative risk assessment of routes of transmission of the exotic fish parasite gyrodactylus salaris between river catchments in england and wales. | gyrodactylus salaris is a freshwater, monogenean ecto-parasite of atlantic-salmon. infection of its natural host, the baltic strain of atlantic-salmon, is inapparent. g. salaris also can infect rainbow-trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) permanently, and cause infection of < or =50 days in several other species. it is only on atlantic stocks of atlantic-salmon (salmo salar) that the parasite multiplies unchecked by an immune response, causes death in juveniles and dramatic reductions in wild populations ... | 2004 | 15325771 |
| vertebrate phylogeny of hydrogen sulfide vasoactivity. | hydrogen sulfide (h(2)s) is a recently identified endogenous vasodilator in mammals. in steelhead/rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, osteichthyes), h(2)s produces both dose-dependent dilation and a unique dose-dependent constriction. in this study, we examined h(2)s vasoactivity in all vertebrate classes to determine whether h(2)s is universally vasoactive and to identify phylogenetic and/or environmental trends. h(2)s was generated from nahs and examined in unstimulated and precontracted syste ... | 2005 | 15345473 |
| cpg oligodeoxynucleotides stimulate immune cell proliferation but not specific antibody production in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | bacterial dna and cpg odn have both been shown to have immunostimulatory effects in mammals, activating apcs and inducing a potent th1 type immune response. they have also been shown to have a strong adjuvant effect and up-regulate mhc class 2 expression in murine cells, augment human and murine nk cell lytic activity, activate human b cells and induce murine b cell proliferation. however, little work has been carried out with regard to their effects on the piscine immune system. here it is show ... | 2004 | 15350751 |
| discovery and characterization of two types of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (leap-2) genes in rainbow trout. | the sequences and gene organisation of two leap-2 molecules (leap-2a and leap-2b) from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss are presented. both genes consist of a 3 exon/2 intron structure, with exon sizes comparable to known mammalian genes. leap-2a notably differs from leap-2b in having larger introns and a larger 3' utr. the predicted proteins contain a signal peptide and prodomain, followed by a mature peptide of 41 aa containing four conserved cysteines. the rxxr cleavage site to release the ... | 2004 | 15350756 |
| impact of pcb on resistance to flavobacterium psychrophilum after experimental infection of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss eggs by nanoinjection. | the effects of sublethal exposure of a commercial blend of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb), i.e. clophen a50, on disease resistance to the aetiological agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome, flavobacterium psychrophilum, were investigated. newly fertilised rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss eggs were nanoinjected with 2 doses of clophen a50 (0.4 or 2 microg egg(-1)) and/or 100 colony forming units of f. psychrophilum. the mean cumulative mortality in control groups, and groups exposed to the lower ... | 2004 | 15352522 |
| ultrastructure of spironucleus salmonis n. comb. (formerly octomitus salmonis sensu moore 1922, davis 1926, and hexamita salmonis sensu ferguson 1979), with a guide to spironucleus species. | diplomonad flagellates can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality in fishes, particularly in farmed salmonids. diagnosis using only light microscopy is limited, and species cannot be confirmed. we therefore undertook a comprehensive transmission electron microscopy study of 20 trophozoites from the intestine of farmed juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss from northern ireland (reported as hexamita salmonis by ferguson in 1979). re-assignment to the genus spironucleus was de ... | 2004 | 15352524 |
| comparative susceptibility of brown trout and rainbow trout to discocotyle sagittata (monogenea). | the susceptibility of brown trout (salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to the monogenean discocotyle sagittata in the united kingdom was assessed by experimental infection of naive fish. one month postinfection with 100 oncomiracidia/host, brown trout harbored significantly lower burdens (27.7 worms/host +/- 4.13 se) than rainbow trout (47.8 worms/host +/- 3.90; p = 0.002). this indicates that the consistently lower prevalence and intensity of d. sagittata recorded in naturally ... | 2004 | 15357099 |
| extensive release of an antigen associated with the sporogonic stages of myxobolus cerebralis (myxozoa: myxosporea) is detected by a heterologous antibody raised to tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa: malacosporea). | monoclonal antibody b4 (mab b4) was previously developed to the myxozoan parasite tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae canning, curry, feist, longshaw et okamura, 1999, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease of salmonids, here we describe the reaction of mab b4 against myxobolus cerebralis hofer, 1903, the parasite that causes 'whirling disease' in salmonids. tissues examined were collected from experimentally infected rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) and the aquatic oligochaete ... | 2004 | 15357400 |
| homing of gyrodactylus salaris and g. derjavini (monogenea) on different hosts and response post-attachment. | in natural european waters, the congeneric monogeneans gyrodactylus derjavini mikailov, 1975 and g. salaris malmberg, 1957 are primarily found on brown trout salmo trutta l. and atlantic salmon salmo salar l., respectively. interestingly, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), originating from north america, is as susceptible as brown trout to g. derjavini. however, the mechanisms involved in this host specificity are poorly understood but may include behavioural, mechanical and chemical ... | 2004 | 15357405 |
| parasite resistance and avoidance behaviour in preventing eye fluke infections in fish. | this paper examines the efficiency of acquired resistance in protecting the fish host, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), against the trematode parasite diplostomum spathaceum, and the hypothesis that fish recognize areas where infective stages are aggregated and show avoidance behaviour. we found that when fish with a low level of infection were held in restricted cages in natural conditions they became infected and developed cataracts as a result of this infection. this suggests that acquire ... | 2004 | 15376775 |
| homologs of cd83 from elasmobranch and teleost fish. | dendritic cells are one of the most important cell types connecting innate and adaptive immunity, but very little is known about their evolutionary origins. to begin to study dendritic cells from lower vertebrates, we isolated and characterized cd83 from the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum (gici)) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss (onmy)). the open reading frames for gici-cd83 (194 aa) and onmy-cd83 (218 aa) display approximately 28-32% identity to mammalian cd83 with the presence of tw ... | 2004 | 15383588 |
| molecular cloning of the seventh component of complement in rainbow trout. | c7 is an integral component of the lytic pathway of complement, which interacts in a sequence of polymerization reactions with other terminal components to form the membrane attack complex. c7 plays a central role in the terminal complement cascade, since its incorporation into the nascent complex allows its hydrophilic-amphiphilic transition, which subsequently leads to the direct binding of the complex to the target membrane. to date, only human and porcine c7 have been cloned and characterize ... | 2005 | 15450749 |
| kinetics of mx expression in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) parr in response to vhs-dna vaccination. | the duration of the mx mrna response to an intramuscular injection of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) glycoprotein (g) gene dna vaccine as well as to the control plasmid was determined in rainbow trout at 14 degrees c over a period of 11 weeks. the mx response was detectable on day 7, peaked on day 14 and returned to pretreatment levels on day 21 and thereafter. no increase in mx expression was detectable to the control plasmid. in further experiments, the kinetics of the mx resp ... | 2005 | 15450971 |
| infectious salmon anemia virus: causative agent, pathogenesis and immunity. | infectious salmon anemia (isa) virus (isav), an economically important new pathogen in marine aquaculture, is classified in the family orthomyxoviridae, genus isavirus. the main structural properties of this genus include enveloped virions 90-140 nm in diameter with surface projections of a combined receptor-binding hemagglutinin and receptor-destroying enzyme activity demonstrated to be an esterase, hence recently designated he, and a genome composed of eight segments of linear, single-stranded ... | 2004 | 15460541 |
| consumption of drugs for sea lice infestations in norwegian fish farms: methods for assessment of treatment patterns and treatment rate. | sea lice are a major problem in norwegian fish farms; however, data on drug treatment patterns or treatment rates of sea lice infestations are not available. such data are important for analysing resistance patterns against drugs used for such infestations. the main objective of the present study was to develop a method to estimate the treatment patterns and treatment rates for drugs used in the treatment against sea lice (lepeophtheirus salmonis and caligus elongatus) in farm salmonids by means ... | 2004 | 15460856 |
| development and characterization of a competitive polyclonal antibody enzyme-immunoassay for salmon insulin-like growth factor-ii. | this paper describes the development and validation of a competitive, polyclonal antibody enzyme-immunoassay (eia) for the measurement of salmon and trout insulin-like growth factor-ii (igf-ii). a polyclonal antiserum was raised against a synthetic peptide epitope, corresponding to amino acid residues 1-9 of the n-terminus of mature atlantic salmon (salmo salar) igf-ii. the antiserum was purified by hydrophobic charge induction chromatography (hcic). the partially purified immunoglobulins were u ... | 2004 | 15465665 |
| characterization and comparison of fatty acyl delta6 desaturase cdnas from freshwater and marine teleost fish species. | fish are the most important dietary source of the n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (hufa), eicosapentaenoic (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha), that have particularly important roles in human nutrition reflecting their roles in critical physiological processes. the objective of the study described here was to clone, functionally characterize and compare expressed fatty acid desaturase genes involved in the production of epa and dha in freshwater and marine teleost fish species. putative fatt ... | 2004 | 15465674 |
| analysis of genes isolated from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages. | a primary cell culture system was used to obtain differentiated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages that were stimulated with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps-10 microg/ml) for 12 h in vitro. messenger rna from the lps-stimulated cells was used to create two cdna libraries from which a total of 1048 sequences were analyzed. a large number of cdnas were obtained that could be related to immune function including structural proteins, proteases and antiproteases, regulators of t ... | 2004 | 15482855 |
| 11-deoxycorticosterone is a potent agonist of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) mineralocorticoid receptor. | the teleost fish are thought to lack the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone but possess mineralocorticoid receptor (mr) homologs. here we describe the characterization of two rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) mrs, called rtmra and rtmrb. the open reading frame of rtmra cdna encoded a protein of 1041 amino acids. the rtmrb predicted protein sequence is similar, differing in only 10 amino acids in the nonconserved a/b domain and lacking a three-amino acid insertion between the two zinc finger ... | 2005 | 15486226 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of a macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor-like gene from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the m-csf and its receptor (m-csfr, csf-1r or c-fms proto-oncogene) system were initially implicated as essential in mammals for normal monocyte development as well as for pregnancy. to allow a comparison with the m-csf and m-csfr system of an oviparous animal, we cloned a m-csfr-like gene from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the gene was cloned from a cdna library of head kidney. it contained an open reading frame encoding 967 amino acids with a predicted size of 109 kda. the putative amin ... | 2005 | 15488938 |
| resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in aeromonas hydrophila isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | bacterial infections caused by members of the genus aeromonas, with a relatively high antibiotic resistance, are among the most common and troublesome diseases of fish raised in ponds with recirculation systems. in this study, carried out at an experimental aquaculture station in northern portugal, 51 strains identified as belonging to the genus aeromonas were isolated from 20 rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) skin and kidney samples, as well as from raceway water samples. macro- and microscop ... | 2004 | 15492935 |
| characterization of a highly inducible novel cc chemokine from differentiated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages. | a full-length cdna clone encoding a novel trout cc chemokine was identified in expressed sequence tags generated from lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated in vitro differentiated macrophages isolated from the head kidney of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the putative 101-amino-acid protein is 38% similar to macaca mulatta ccl4 (macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta) but is also similar to several other related mammalian cc chemokines, including human act-2. real-time pcr and conventiona ... | 2004 | 15503008 |
| the viscosity and glycoprotein biochemistry of salmonid mucus varies with species, salinity and the presence of amoebic gill disease. | fish mucus has previously been reported to change in appearance and composition among species and in response to changes in salinity and disease status. this study reports on the mucus viscosity and glycoprotein biochemistry of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), brown trout (salmo trutta l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) in freshwater and seawater, both naive to and affected by amoebic gill disease (agd). cutaneous mucus viscosity was measured over a range of shear rates (11.5, ... | 2005 | 15517284 |
| modulation of the immune response to an aeromonas hydrophila aroa live vaccine in rainbow trout: effect of culture media on the humoral immune response and complement consumption. | the aeromonas hydrophila aroa is an attenuated strain that has been assessed as a live vaccine in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. in this study the effects of different culture media used to grow the strain on its survival after in vitro exposure to rainbow trout serum, and on its immunogenicity in rainbow trout were compared. four culture media were tested: luria broth (lb), luria broth with 0.25% glucose, trypticase soy broth (tsb), and brain-heart infusion broth (bhib). bacteria grown in ... | 2005 | 15519541 |
| efficacy of emamectin benzoate in the control of argulus coregoni (crustacea: branchiura) on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | efficacy of in-feed treatment with emamectin benzoate (slice) for the control of ectoparasitic argulus coregoni on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was tested under laboratory and field conditions. in both experiments fish were fed with fish feed to deliver a therapeutic dose of 0 (control) or 50 microg emamectin benzoate kg(-1) d(-1) (treatment) for a period of 7 d. after 3 d of challenge with a. coregoni in the laboratory, the infestation level in treated fish was lower than that observed in ... | 2004 | 15521318 |
| real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) to identify myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | this study describes the development of a taqman real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) technique using the heat-shock protein 70 (hsp 70) and 18s ribosomal dna (18s rdna) sequences to identify myxobolus cerebralis and attempt to quantify infection severity within rainbow trout fry oncorhynchus mykiss. rainbow trout for this study were exposed to m. cerebralis under natural river conditions and examined for infection by histology, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and qpcr analysi ... | 2004 | 15521319 |
| eye fluke-induced cataract formation in fish: quantitative analysis using an ophthalmological microscope. | we examined the parasite-induced cataract formation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using slit-lamp microscopy to determine the relationship between cataract intensity and number of diplostomum spathaceum parasites that were established in the lens. cataract intensity increased significantly with parasite burden, but was also affected by the pattern of exposure to the parasite cercariae. the slit-lamp methodology proved useful in scoring the cataracts since it provides a 3-dimensional vie ... | 2004 | 15521636 |
| immune responses in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss induced by a potential probiotic bacteria lactobacillus rhamnosus jcm 1136. | this study was undertaken to examine the effect of supplementing a suggested probiotic bacteria lactobacillus rhamnosus jcm 1136 in feed on immune response and gut flora composition of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the probiotic bacteria were incorporated into a commercial feed to constitute two experimental diets containing either 10(9) or 10(11) colony forming unit of live bacteria/g of feed while a third diet without the bacterial supplement served as the control diet. the diets were off ... | 2004 | 15541791 |
| tissue-specific cu bioaccumulation patterns and differences in sensitivity to waterborne cu in three freshwater fish: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio), and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) were exposed to copper (1-20 microm) in softened antwerp city tap water at ph 7.3 +/- 0.1 and with a water hardness of 292.4 +/- 8.1 mg/l caco(3) (ca 100.8 +/- 3.0 mg/l; mg 11.0 +/- 0.2 mg/l). lc50s (96 h) were determined and copper accumulation in gills, liver, and kidney assessed over a 10-day period. rainbow trout (96 h lc50: 3.3 microm/210 microg/l) were three times more sensitive to ... | 2004 | 15550275 |
| conserved deployment of genes during odontogenesis across osteichthyans. | odontogenesis has only been closely scrutinized at the molecular level in the mouse, an animal with an extremely restricted dentition of only two types and one set. however, within osteichthyans many species display complex and extensive dentitions, which questions the extent to which information from the mouse is applicable to all osteichthyans. we present novel comparative molecular and morphological data in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) that show that three genes, essential for muri ... | 2004 | 15556883 |
| identification of the copepod intermediate host of the introduced broad fish tapeworm, diphyllobothrium latum, in southern chile. | the broad fish tapeworm, diphyllobothrium latum, is an exotic species in both chile and argentina, and until now, its copepod host has remained unknown in south american waters. the objective of this study was to identify calanoid copepod species that may be intermediate hosts for d. latum in lake panguipulli, chile. in this lake, the highest levels of infection by this tapeworm occur in the introduced rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. of the 2 calanoid copepods found in lake panguipulli, diap ... | 2004 | 15562630 |
| resistance against eye flukes: naïve versus previously infected fish. | a central issue in fish production is the influence of parasitic infections on fish health in fish farms and on survival prospects after fish-stocking into the wild. is it preferable to produce fish in infection-free conditions or to allow some infection to elicit resistance in fish? we explored the infection of totally naive and previously infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by the trematode parasite diplostomum spathaceum in laboratory conditions. we found that up to 86.1% of the pres ... | 2005 | 15565463 |
| lack of evidence of infectious salmon anemia virus in pollock pollachius virens cohabitating with infected farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar. | the infectious salmon anemia (isa) virus causes lethargy, anemia, hemorrhage of the internal organs, and death in farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar. it has been a cause of disease in norwegian farmed atlantic salmon since 1984 and has since been identified in canada, scotland, the united states, and the faroe islands. wild fish have been proposed as a viral reservoir because they are capable of close contact with farmed salmon. laboratory studies have shown that brown trout and sea trout salmo ... | 2004 | 15584421 |
| plasmablast and plasma cell production and distribution in trout immune tissues. | these studies describe the in vitro and ex vivo generation of plasmablasts and plasma cells in trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) peripheral blood and splenic and anterior kidney tissues. cells were derived either from naive trout and cultured with the polyclonal activator, escherichia coli lps, or from trout that had been immunized with trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. hydroxyurea was used to resolve populations of replicating (plasmablast) and nonreplicating (plasma cell) ab-secreting cells ... | 2004 | 15585855 |
| effects of treated sewage effluent on immune function in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in this study, the immune reactions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined, after exposure to 10, 30 and 70% of tertiary-treated municipal sewage effluent for 27 days. exposures were conducted concurrently with and without an immune challenge using intraperitoneal injections of inactivated aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida. due to the time required to prepare and analyse samples, fish sampling was conducted over two consecutive days. there was no trout mortality for any of the expe ... | 2004 | 15588644 |
| molecular cloning and preliminary expression analysis of banded dogfish (triakis scyllia) cc chemokine cdnas by use of suppression subtractive hybridization. | suppression subtractive hybridization was carried out by using cdnas of peripheral white blood cells (pwbcs) of banded dogfish (triakis scyllia) after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma) stimulation. the trsc-scya107, mip3alpha1 and mip3alpha2 clones contained an open reading frame encoding 97, 99 and 97 amino acids, respectively. comparison of the deduced amino acids showed that the banded dogfish mip3alpha1 and mip3alpha2 sequences shared 42.3% and 40.0% identity with human scya20, respectiv ... | 2004 | 15592825 |
| magnification and toxicity of pcbs, pcdds, and pcdfs in upriver-migrating pacific salmon. | the depletion of lipids associated with pre-spawning migration of pacific salmon has the potential to magnify concentrations of hydrophobic organic contaminants (hocs), which elevates risk of toxic effects. we present data from a field study of sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) migrating to spawn in great central lake, bc, which demonstrate that pre-spawning migration causes a magnification of pcb, pcdd, and pcdf concentrations in female gonads (1.9-2.5-fold), female soma (3.4-5.6-fold), and m ... | 2004 | 15597874 |
| metabolic effects of exercise in the golden fish salminus maxillosus "dourado" (valenciennes, 1849). | strenuous exercise in fish is usually a consequence of migration, reproduction, and spawning. varying among fishes, this kind of stress is associated with blood glucose and lactate increase, in relation to which two major groups are distinguishable: the "lactate releasers" and "non-lactate releasers". unlike strenuous exercise, sustained swimming imposes a variety of effort that results in distinct kinetic types of blood lactate and glucose. compared to platichthys stellatus and oncorhynchus myk ... | 2004 | 15620004 |
| cloning and characterization of a homologue of the alpha inhibitor of nf-kappab in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a homologue of ikappabalpha, the alpha member of the ikappab family of nf-kappab inhibitors, was identified in a rainbow trout suppression subtractive hybridization library enriched in sequences up-regulated in cultured leukocytes after lipopolysaccharide (lps) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha) stimulation. the full-length cdna was isolated and sequenced. the predicted amino acid sequence is 61.5% similar and 54% identical to human ikappabalpha, while only 42% similar and 35% identical ... | 2005 | 15626457 |
| contaminants as viral cofactors: assessing indirect population effects. | current toxicological methods often miss contaminant effects, particularly when immune suppression is involved. the failure to recognize and evaluate indirect and sublethal effects severely limits the applicability of those methods at the population level. in this study, the vitality model is used to evaluate the population level effects of a contaminant exerting only indirect, sublethal effects at the individual level. juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were injected with 2.5 or 10.0 ... | 2004 | 15642628 |
| effects of 4-tert-pentylphenol on the gene expression of p450 11beta-hydroxylase in the gonad of medaka (oryzias latipes). | alkylphenols including 4-tert-pentylphenol (4-pp) have been shown to alter sexual differentiation in fish due to their estrogenic properties. medaka (oryzias latipes) is so sensitive to these substances because morphological sex reversal and testis-ova induction are well developed in the exposed males. however, little work has been done to characterize the molecular effects of estrogenic substances on the morphological and gonadal feminization in male fish. cytochrome p450 11beta-hydroxylase (p4 ... | 2005 | 15642637 |
| influence of natural organic matter source on acute copper, lead, and cadmium toxicity to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | natural organic matter (nom) was concentrated from various sites across canada using a portable reverse-osmosis unit to obtain a range of nom types, from mainly allochthonous (terrestrially derived) to mainly autochthonous (aquatically derived) nom. the addition of nom to cu exposures in ion-poor water always decreased cu toxicity to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, approximately 1 g) over a 96-h period, and the degree of protection varied with respect to nom source. a good correlation was fo ... | 2004 | 15648764 |
| monitoring ceratomyxa shasta infection during a hatchery rearing cycle: comparison of molecular, serological and histological methods. | the prevalence of ceratomyxa shasta infection in production stocks of steelhead oncorhynchus mykiss and cutthroat trout o. clarki was monitored using a parasite-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. for all 4 stocks of fish followed through their 1 yr rearing cycle, c. shasta infection was detected despite their genetic resistance to the disease and the treatment of the incoming water with ozone. infection was confirmed using serological methods and standard histological procedures, ex ... | 2004 | 15648834 |
| qualitative analysis of the risk of introducing gyrodactylus salaris into the united kingdom. | gyrodactylus salaris is a freshwater, monogenean ectoparasite of baltic strains of atlantic salmon salmo salar on which it generally causes no clinical disease. infection of other strains of atlantic salmon in norway has resulted in high levels of juvenile salmon mortality and highly significant reductions in the population. the parasite is a major exotic disease threat to wild atlantic salmon in the uk. this paper qualitatively assesses the risk of introduction and establishment of g. salaris i ... | 2004 | 15648837 |
| streptococcus iniae type ii infections in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | clinical and pathological findings (anorexia, hemorrhage, lethargy, loss of orientation and exophthalmia) indicated that streptococcus iniae type ii is responsible for a fatal disease in rainbow trout. histopathological findings revealed that s. iniae type ii produces a systemic disease, including a diffuse necrotizing myositis. the distribution of viable bacteria in infected tissues substantiated the pathological findings, confirming that s. iniae type ii is responsible for a generalized septic ... | 2004 | 15648844 |
| effects of low protein intake on extra-hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme expression and peripheral glucose phosphorylation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the objective of the study described here was to analyze in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) the effects of low protein intake on peripheral glucose phosphorylation capacities and gluconeogenic enzymes in kidney and intestine. fish were food-deprived for 14 days or kept under a low and a high protein intake regime using a pair feeding protocol in order to maintain constant carbohydrate and lipid intakes. we analyzed the effect of protein restriction on (i) hepatic, renal and intestinal fructo ... | 2005 | 15649781 |
| temporal and spatial properties of cellular ca2+ flux in trout ventricular myocytes. | confocal microscopy was used to investigate the temporal and spatial properties of ca(2+) transients and ca(2+) sparks in ventricular myocytes of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). confocal imaging confirmed the absence of t tubules and the long ( approximately 160 microm), thin ( approximately 8 microm) morphology of trout myocytes. line scan imaging of ca(2+) transients evoked by electrical stimulation in cells loaded with fluo 4 revealed spatial inhomogeneities in the temporal propertie ... | 2005 | 15650128 |
| flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), hatcheries: studies on broodstock, eggs, fry and environment. | the occurrence of flavobacterium psychrophilum at four rainbow trout hatcheries was investigated to provide more knowledge about the reservoirs and transmission of this bacterium. broodstock were sampled at stripping (including both unfertilized and fertilized eggs), and the offspring were then sampled at the eyed egg and fry stages. water and surface samples (e.g. hatchery trays) were also sampled. flavobacterium psychrophilum was found in ovarian fluid and milt, indicating that broodstock may ... | 2005 | 15660792 |
| a loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) protocol was developed for detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) rna in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a set of four primers, two outer and two inner primers for the rt-lamp and the lamp assay, were designed based on the sequence of g-protein of ihnv. time and temperature conditions were optimized for 60 min at 63 degrees c for both rt-lamp and lamp protocols. the detection limit was found to be ... | 2005 | 15662483 |
| nitrate toxicity to aquatic animals: a review with new data for freshwater invertebrates. | published data on nitrate (no3-) toxicity to freshwater and marine animals are reviewed. new data on nitrate toxicity to the freshwater invertebrates eulimnogammarus toletanus, echinogammarus echinosetosus and hydropsyche exocellata are also presented. the main toxic action of nitrate is due to the conversion of oxygen-carrying pigments to forms that are incapable of carrying oxygen. nitrate toxicity to aquatic animals increases with increasing nitrate concentrations and exposure times. in contr ... | 2005 | 15667845 |
| molecular cloning of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 in rainbow trout. | in humans, leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (lect2) is a 16kda chemotactic protein that consists of 133 amino acids and three intramolecular disulphide bonds. although it was originally demonstrated to have a chemotactic function in vitro, recent data sustain a further multifunctional role of lect2 that extends from cell growth, differentiation, damage/repair process and carcinogenesis to autoimmune diseases. the in vivo function of lect2 protein still remains obscure. in order to study the p ... | 2005 | 15683915 |
| in vitro metabolism of [14c]methoxychlor in rat, mouse, japanese quail and rainbow trout in precision-cut liver slices. | 1. the in vitro metabolism of [14c]methoxychlor (mxc) has been studied using precision-cut liver slices from the sprague-dawley male rat, cd-1 male mouse, we strain male japanese quail and juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the results demonstrated integrated phase i and ii metabolism of mxc and species differences in the metabolic profiles were observed. 2. in rat liver slice preparations, mxc was rapidly metabolized to bis-oh-mxc by sequential o-demethylation followed by subsequent ... | 2004 | 15690762 |
| effect of recombinant human gh and ghrh on plasma metabolite levels in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the aim of the present work was to study metabolic changes in rainbow trout treated with preparations of human recombinants of growth hormone (rhgh) and gh-releasing hormone (rhghrh), by analysing time course variations in plasma metabolite levels. trouts were given the hormones by intraperitoneal injection in a single dose (rhgh: 0.5microg/g b.w.; rhghrh: 0.06microg/g b.w.) or as a weekly injection over a period of 4 weeks. the concentrations of glucose, lactate, free fatty acids and glycerol w ... | 2004 | 15700768 |
| genetic relationships among members of the ichthyobodo necator complex: implications for the management of aquaculture stocks. | abstract ichthyobodo necator (costia) is a common and important flagellate parasite that infests the skin and gills of many freshwater and marine fish. costia infestations are often fatal and cause significant aquaculture losses worldwide. recently it has been demonstrated that ichthyobodo is a multispecies complex with differing host preferences. knowing if those species have broad or narrow host specificity has important implications for the management of costia. to address the question of hos ... | 2005 | 15705156 |
| differential propagation of the metazoan parasite myxobolus cerebralis by limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, ilyodrilus templetoni, and genetically distinct strains of tubifex tubifex. | whirling disease, caused by the parasite myxobolus cerebralis, has infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and other salmonid fish in the western united states, often with devastating results to native populations but without a discernible spatial pattern. the parasite develops in a complex 2-host system in which the aquatic oligochaete tubifex tubifex is an obligate host. because substantial differences in whirling disease severity in different areas of north america did not seem explainab ... | 2004 | 15715230 |
| time course study of in situ expression of antigens following dna-vaccination against vhs in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) fry. | the present study was performed as a time course study of fish vaccinated with 20 microg plasmid dna vaccine encoding either the vhsv g-protein or the vhsv n-protein. samples of the injection site were collected sequentially over a 7-week period. the study revealed an intense positive staining by immunohistochemistry for the viral g-protein mainly in the membrane of intact myocytes, most prominent by days 10-27, and with concomitant infiltration of inflammatory cells by days 13-38 that subsequen ... | 2005 | 15722229 |
| studies on retinol-binding protein during vitellogenesis in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | retinoids are important regulatory signaling molecules during embryonic development and therefore, should be present in the eggs of oviparous animals that develop independently of the maternal organism. studies were initiated in rainbow trout to elucidate the role of retinol-binding protein (rbp), the specific retinol carrier protein in vertebrate plasma, during vitellogenesis. plasma levels of rbp in pre-vitellogenic, vitellogenic, and post-vitellogenic females were compared to plasma of male t ... | 2005 | 15748715 |
| control of adipose tissue lipid metabolism by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha) is a cytokine with multiple biological functions which, in mammals, has been shown to modulate muscle and adipose tissue metabolism. in fish, tnf alpha has been identified in several species. however, few studies have examined the role of tnf alpha in fish outside the immune system. in this study, we assessed the effects of human recombinant tnf alpha and conditioned media from rainbow trout lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated macrophages (lps-mcm) on lipo ... | 2005 | 15749811 |
| influence of feeding ratio and size on susceptibility to microsporidial gill disease caused by loma salmonae in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | two trials were designed to quantify the effect of feeding ratio and fish size on the cohabitation transmission of loma salmonae, the causative agent of microsporidial gill disease (mgd) in salmonids, oncorhynchus spp. to evaluate the effect of feeding ratio on disease onset, groups of 45 rainbow trout, o. mykiss (walbaum) (rbt), were fed daily at 1% (low), 2% (medium) or 4% (high) of the fish biomass in the tank. there were three tanks at each feeding level: two tanks were exposed to the pathog ... | 2005 | 15752278 |
| sandwich immunoassay for determination of vitellogenin in golden grey mullet (liza aurata) serum as a field exposure biomarker. | vitellogenin (vtg) is a protein produced in the liver of oviparous animals in response to oestrogens. abnormal production of vtg by males, therefore, is used as a biological indicator of exposure to xeno-oestrogens. in this study, a sandwich-elisa for measuring vtg in liza aurata (golden grey mullet) was developed and validated. plasma vtg was purified from 17beta-oestradiol-injected immature individuals of mullet, by size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. polyclonal antibodies against ... | 2005 | 15756602 |
| characteristics of inhibition of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) by normal rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss serum. | we studied the characteristics of rainbow trout serum (rts) inhibitory activity against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv). serum inhibition was related to the serum source and host cell in which the virus had been propagated. ipnv was more efficiently inhibited by rts in salmonid cell lines than in non-salmonid cell lines, with inhibition highest in rainbow trout gonad (rtg)-2 cells. the rts sensitivity of the virus was modified by the cell line through which the virus passed, with mul ... | 2005 | 15759799 |
| effect of pseudomonas sp. mt5 baths on flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout and on microbial diversity on fish skin and gills. | use of pseudomonas sp. strain mt5 to prevent and treat flavobacterium columnare infection was studied in 2 experiments with fingerling rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. in the first experiment, length heterogeneity analysis of pcr-amplified dna fragments (lh-pcr) was used to assess the effect of antagonistic baths on the microbial diversity of healthy and experimentally infected fish. in the 148 samples studied, no difference was found between bathed and unbathed fish, and 3 fragment lengths we ... | 2005 | 15759801 |
| expression of genes related to the early immune response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) after viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infection. | in the last few years, many cytokine and other immune related genes have been identified in different teleost species, thus allowing their study at a molecular level. however, very little is known about their effect on fish antiviral responses. in the current work, we have studied the effect of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infection on the expression of different immune genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) through semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain rea ... | 2005 | 15784292 |
| [a preliminary study of parasite diversity in the anadromous kamchatkan mikizha parasalmo mykiss mykiss (osteichthyes: salmoniformes: salmonidae)]. | the study of parasites associated with the anadromous mikizha from several rivers of the western kamchatka has revealed 44 parasite species. the majority of parasites (59%) belong to marine and estuarine-marine species. lecithophyllum bothryophorum, echinorhynchus leidyi and plerocercoids of the family litobothriidae were found for the first time in anadromous fish entering into asian continental watersheds. it has been revealed that only a few specimens of the anadromous mikizha feed in fresh w ... | 2005 | 15810557 |
| activation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) mononuclear phagocytes by different pathogen associated molecular pattern (pamp) bearing agents. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cells of a monocyte-macrophage lineage (rtmocs) were used to characterize the ability of the trout innate immune system to recognize and respond to different pathogen associated molecular pattern (pamp) bearing substances. compared to what has been reported for mammalian macrophages, rtmocs responded with lower sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide (lps) from escherichia coli (ec-lps) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa-lps). the sensitivity of rtmocs to lps was not in ... | 2005 | 15829310 |
| characterisation of salmon and trout cd8alpha and cd8beta. | the genes and corresponding cdnas of both alpha and beta chains of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) cd8 molecule have been sequenced and characterized. in addition, the cdnas for alpha and beta chains of brown trout (salmo trutta) and for the beta chain in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) have been sequenced. the cdnas code for signal sequences which are preceded by short 5' utrs. these are followed by typical immunoglobulin superfamily variable sequences all of which contain two conserved c ... | 2005 | 15829311 |
| comparative mapping of expressed sequence tags containing microsatellites in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | comparative genomics, through the integration of genetic maps from species of interest with whole genome sequences of other species, will facilitate the identification of genes affecting phenotypes of interest. the development of microsatellite markers from expressed sequence tags will serve to increase marker densities on current salmonid genetic maps and initiate in silico comparative maps with species whose genomes have been fully sequenced. | 2005 | 15836796 |
| evaluation of dna damage in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) cryopreserved sperm. | cryopreservation causes several types of damage to spermatozoa, such as loss of plasma membrane integrity and functionality, loss of motility, and atp content, resulting in decrease of fertility rates. this spermatozoal damage has been widely investigated for several marine and freshwater fish species. however, not much attention has been paid to the nuclear dna. the objective of this study was to determine the degree to which cryopreservation induces spermatozoal dna damage in two commercially ... | 2005 | 15843004 |
| estrogenicity of butylparaben in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss exposed via food and water. | the estrogenic effect of butylparaben was investigated in a rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss test system. butylparaben was administered orally to sexually immature rainbow trout every second day for up to 10 days in doses between 4 and 74 mgkg(-1)2d(-1) and in the water at 35 and 201 microgl(-1) for 12 days. plasma vitellogenin was measured before and during the exposures and the concentrations of butylparaben in liver and muscle were determined at the end of experiments. increases in average p ... | 2005 | 15848249 |