Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| response of germinating barley seeds to fusarium graminearum: the first molecular insight into fusarium seedling blight. | fusarium seedling blight in cereals can result in significant reductions in plant establishment but has not received much attention. the disease often starts during seed germination due to sowing of the seeds infected by fusarium spp. including fusarium graminearum. in order to gain the first molecular insights into the response of the germinating barley seeds to f. graminearum for controlling the disease, germinating seeds were treated with water as control or inoculated with f. graminearum con ... | 2011 | 21798752 |
| antimicrobial activities of phenethyl isothiocyanate isolated from horseradish. | phenethyl isothiocyanate (peitc) was obtained from horseradish. the preparation procedure was as follows: the horseradish powder was hydrolysed in the water first, and then, after filtration, the residue was extracted by petroleum ether; finally, peitc was isolated by silica gel column. the structure of peitc was identified by ir, ms, (1)h-nmr and (13)c-nmr chromatography methods. the inhibitory activities of peitc against gibberella zeae, xanthomonas axonopodis pv . citri, cytospora sp . and ph ... | 2011 | 21815843 |
| identification of metabolites related to mechanisms of resistance in barley against fusarium graminearum, based on mass spectrometry. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is an economically important disease of the family triticeae, as, apart from yield reduction it also causes quality deterioration by producing mycotoxins. host resistance is the most promising way to control the disease. metabolic profiling was applied to identify resistance related (rr) metabolites against fusarium graminearum in five fhb-resistant genotypes ('chevron', 'h5277-44', 'h5277-164', 'm92-513' and 'm122') relative to one fhb-susceptible genotype ('stander') ... | 2011 | 21830145 |
| ebr1, a novel zn2cys6 transcription factor, affects virulence and apical dominance of hyphal tip in fusarium graminearum. | zn2cys6 transcription factors are unique to fungi and have been reported to be involved in different regulatory functions. here we characterized ebr1 (enhanced branching 1), a novel zn2cys6 transcription factor of fusarium graminearum. knocking out ebr1 in f. graminearum strain ph-1 caused reduction of both radial growth and virulence. the conidia of knock-out strain ph-1+öebr1 germinated faster than those of wild-type ph-1, but the conidiation of the mutant was significantly reduced. detailed a ... | 2011 | 21830952 |
| a putative abc transporter gene, zra1, is required for zearalenone production in gibberella zeae. | zearalenone (zea) is a secondary metabolite produced by various fusarium species and causes estrogenic disorders in humans and animals. recent studies have identified the zea biosynthesis gene cluster in f. graminearum, but other genes such as transporters responsible for zea export have not been identified in the cluster. in this study, we performed microarray analyses from the wild-type strain with and without zea supplementation and zea-nonproducing strain zeb2 to discover other genes respons ... | 2011 | 21833740 |
| rapid detection of ciprofloxacin effects on fusarium graminearum and f. avenaceum cells in modulating environmental ph using a reactive, non-toxic food-dye indicator. | the objective of the study was to assess the effect of ciprofloxacin antibiotic on the physiological or phenotypic characteristics of food-borne toxigenic fusarium graminearum and f. avenaceum molds under in vitro conditions. in the presence of ciprofloxacin, fusarium mycelia growth and morphology were altered based on the antibiotic concentration range used. results showed that ciprofloxacin in concentrations ôëñ40++g/ml induced chlamydospore formation in fusaria and as such, this antibiotic sh ... | 2011 | 21843805 |
| Chemotyping of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum Isolates from Turkey by PCR Assay. | Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are the major causal agents of Fusarium head blight in Turkey. They produce trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and their several acetylated derivatives, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON). In this study, a total of thirty-three isolates of F. graminearum and F. culmorum were collected from various regions and three different hosts. They were identified by amplification of tri5 gene cluster. Totally ... | 2012 | 21847609 |
| variation for resistance to kernel infection and toxin accumulation in winter wheat infected with fusarium graminearum. | host resistance is the main way to control fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat. despite improved levels of resistance to infection and spread in vegetative tissue, the toxin deoxynivalenol (don) can still accumulate to unacceptable concentration levels. in this study, our objectives were to assess the genetic variation for resistance to kernel infection (rki) and toxin accumulation (rta) and their role in controlling don. we collected spikes with different levels of visual symptoms from each of ... | 2011 | 21848396 |
| A jacalin-related lectin-like gene in wheat is a component of the plant defence system. | Jacalin-related lectins (JRLs) are a subgroup of proteins with one or more jacalin-like lectin domains. Although JRLs are often associated with biotic or abiotic stimuli, their biological functions in plants, as well as their relationships to plant disease resistance, are poorly understood. A mannose-specific JRL (mJRL)-like gene (TaJRLL1) that is mainly expressed in stem and spike and encodes a protein with two jacalin-like lectin domains was identified in wheat. Pathogen infection and phytohor ... | 2011 | 21862481 |
| quantification of tri5 gene, expression, and deoxynivalenol production during the malting of barley. | fusarium can survive, grow, and produce mycotoxins during malting. we evaluated the percentage of barley kernels infected with fusarium (fi) and deoxynivalenol (don) concentration in three barley treatments (high-quality, naturally infected, and fusarium graminearum inoculated barley) during various stages of malting. we also applied real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time pcr) and real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (real-time rt-pcr) methods to quantify trichothecene-producing (tri5) dn ... | 2011 | 21871683 |
| Cyclic lipopeptide profile of three Bacillus subtilis strains; antagonists of Fusarium head blight. | The objective of the study was to identify the lipopetides associated with three Bacillus subtilis strains. The strains are antagonists of Gibberella zeae, and have been shown to be effective in reducing Fusarium head blight in wheat. The lipopeptide profile of three B. subtilis strains (AS43.3, AS43.4, and OH131.1) was determined using mass spectroscopy. Strains AS43.3 and AS43.4 produced the anti-fungal lipopeptides from the iturin and fengycin family during the stationary growth phase. All th ... | 2011 | 21887643 |
| genotyping and phenotyping of fusarium graminearum isolates from germany related to their mycotoxin biosynthesis. | fusarium graminearum is the most important pathogen causing fusarium head blight (fhb) of small cereal grains worldwide responsible for quantitative and qualitative yield losses. the presence in crops is often associated with mycotoxin contamination of foodstuff limiting its use for human and animal consumption. a collection of isolates of f. graminearum from germany was characterized genetically and chemically for their potential to produce the b trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (don) and nivaleno ... | 2011 | 21889226 |
| A new pyrrolidine derivative and steroids from an algicolous Gibberella zeae strain. | A new pyrrolidine derivative, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(4'-hydroxyphenoxy)pyrrolidin-2-one (1), and eight known steroids, (22E,24R)-7beta,8beta-epoxy-3beta,5alpha,9alpha-trihydroxyergosta-22-en-6-one (2, a reassigned structure of (22E,24R)-5alpha,6alpha-epoxy-3beta,8beta,14alpha-trihydroxyergosta-22-en-7-one), (22E,24R)-3beta,5alpha,9alpha-trihydroxyergosta-7,22-dien-6-one (3), (22E,24R)-3beta,5alpha-dihydroxyergosta-7,22-dien-6-one (4), (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta/,5alpha,6beta-triol ... | 2011 | 21941888 |
| The neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogen a-zearalanol on ß-amyloid-induced toxicity in differentiated PC-12 cells. | Although favorable effects of estrogen replacement therapy on Alzheimer's disease on postmenopausal women have been recognized, an associated increased incidence of uterine and breast tumors has jeopardized the clinical use of estrogen. Phytoestrogen a-zearalanol (a-ZAL) is a reductive product of the Gibberella zeae metabolite and abundant in plants and vegetables, which has been shown to protect cell injury with low side-effects on uterine and breast. This study was designed to evaluate the neu ... | 2011 | 21946104 |
| purification, characterization, and molecular cloning of a novel antifungal lectin from the roots of ophioglossum pedunculosum. | a novel mannan-specific lectin was isolated from the roots of a traditional chinese herbal medicine, ophioglossum pedunculosum through ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. with a molecular mass of 19,835.7 da demonstrated by maldi-tof analysis, this novel agglutinin was designated as o. pedunculosum agglutinin (opa), specifically agglutinating human o erythrocytes and rabbit erythrocytes. the hemagglutination could be strongly inhibited by mannan and thyroglobulin, the activity of whi ... | 2011 | 21947760 |
| Transgenic expression of polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins in Arabidopsis and wheat increases resistance to the flower pathogen Fusarium graminearum. | Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide, resulting in yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. The molecular mechanisms regulating Fusarium penetration and infection are poorly understood. Beside mycotoxin production, cell wall degradation may play a role in the development of FHB. Many fungal pathogens secrete polygalacturonases (PGs) during the early stages of infection, and plants have evolved polygalacturonase-inhi ... | 2011 | 21974721 |
| tri6 is a global transcription regulator in the phytopathogen fusarium graminearum. | in f. graminearum, the transcriptional regulator tri6 is encoded within the trichothecene gene cluster and regulates genes involved in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite deoxynivalenol (don). the tri6 protein with its cys₂his₂ zinc-finger may also conform to the class of global transcription regulators. this class of global transcriptional regulators mediate various environmental cues and generally responds to the demands of cellular metabolism. to address this issue directly, we sough ... | 2011 | 21980289 |
| a type 2c protein phosphatase fgptc3 is involved in cell wall integrity, lipid metabolism, and virulence in fusarium graminearum. | type 2c protein phosphatases (pp2cs) play important roles in regulating many biological processes in eukaryotes. currently, little is known about functions of pp2cs in filamentous fungi. the causal agent of wheat head blight, fusarium graminearum, contains seven putative pp2c genes, fgptc1, -3, -5, -5r, -6, -7 and -7r. in order to investigate roles of these pp2cs, we constructed deletion mutants for all seven pp2c genes in this study. the fgptc3 deletion mutant (δfgptc3-8) exhibited reduced aeri ... | 2011 | 21980420 |
| A putative transcription factor MYT1 is required for female fertility in the ascomycete Gibberella zeae. | Gibberella zeae is an important pathogen of major cereal crops. The fungus produces ascospores that forcibly discharge from mature fruiting bodies, which serve as the primary inocula for disease epidemics. In this study, we characterized an insertional mutant Z39P105 with a defect in sexual development and identified a gene encoding a putative transcription factor designated as MYT1. This gene contains a Myb DNA-binding domain and is conserved in the subphylum Pezizomycotina of Ascomycota. The M ... | 2011 | 21984921 |
| novel fusarium head blight pathogens from nepal and louisiana revealed by multilocus genealogical concordance. | this study was conducted to assess evolutionary relationships, species diversity and trichothecene toxin potential of five fusarium graminearum complex (fgsc) isolates identified as genetically novel during prior fusarium head blight (fhb) surveys in nepal and louisiana. results of a multilocus genotyping (mlgt) assay for b-trichothecene species determination indicated these isolates might represent novel species within the fgsc. gcpsr-based phylogenetic analyses of a 12-gene dataset, comprising ... | 2011 | 22004876 |
| the velvet gene, fgve1, affects fungal development and positively regulates trichothecene biosynthesis and pathogenicity in fusarium graminearum. | trichothecenes are a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced mainly by fusarium graminearum (teleomorph: gibberella zeae) during the infection of crop plants, including wheat, maize, barley, oats, rye and rice. some fungal genes involved in trichothecene biosynthesis have been shown to encode regulatory proteins. however, the global regulation of toxin biosynthesis is still enigmatic. in addition to the production of secondary metabolites belonging to the trichothecene family, f. graminear ... | 2011 | 22013911 |
| difference in tri13 gene sequences between the 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol producing fusarium graminearum chemotypes from canada and china. | positive-negative pcr assays based on the genes involved in the trichothecene biosynthesis pathway are useful in assessing the risk of trichothecene contamination in grain and are important in epidemiological studies. a single pcr detection method based on the structural gene sequence of tri13 gene has been developed to predict the 3-adon, 15-adon and niv chemotypes in china. the chemotypic differences are based on the deletions within the tri13 gene. the objective of this study was to assess th ... | 2011 | 22016651 |
| A phenome-based functional analysis of transcription factors in the cereal head blight fungus, Fusarium graminearum. | Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen that causes head blight of major cereal crops. The fungus produces mycotoxins that are harmful to animal and human. In this study, a systematic analysis of 17 phenotypes of the mutants in 657 Fusarium graminearum genes encoding putative transcription factors (TFs) resulted in a database of over 11,000 phenotypes (phenome). This database provides comprehensive insights into how this cereal pathogen of global significance regulates traits importa ... | 2011 | 22028654 |
| bdm1, a phosducin-like gene of fusarium graminearum, is involved in virulence during infection of wheat and maize. | fusarium graminearum is a common pathogen of wheat and maize throughout the world. despite recent advances in the elucidation of the genetic basis of virulence, significant gaps in the regulatory network underlying pathogenesis remain to be filled. in particular, little is known at the molecular level about the overlap among mechanisms of pathogenicity on maize and wheat. g-protein signalling has been implicated in pathogenesis in f. graminearum, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully ... | 2011 | 22044756 |
| secretomics identifies fusarium graminearum proteins involved in the interaction with barley and wheat. | fusarium graminearum is a phytopathogenic fungus primarily infecting small grain cereals, including barley and wheat. secreted enzymes play important roles in the pathogenicity of many fungi. in order to access the secretome of f. graminearum, the fungus was grown in liquid culture with barley or wheat flour as the sole nutrient source to mimic the host-pathogen interaction. a gel-based proteomics approach was employed to identify the proteins secreted into the culture medium. sixty-nine unique ... | 2011 | 22044785 |
| Two structurally similar fungal prions efficiently cross-seed in vivo but form distinct polymers when coexpressed. | HET-s is a prion protein of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina. An orthologue of this protein, called FgHET-s has been identified in Fusarium graminearum. The region of the FgHET-s protein corresponding to the prion forming domain of HET-s, forms amyloid fibrils in vitro. These fibrils seed HET-s(218-289) fibril formation in vitro and vice versa. The amyloid fold of HET-s(218-289) and FgHET-s(218-289) are remarkably similar although they share only 38% identity. The present work correspon ... | 2011 | 22050595 |
| zearalenone contamination in barley, corn, silage and wheat bran. | zearalenone (zen) is a nonsteroidal estrogen mycotoxin produced by fusarium graminearum and other fusarium species, which are plant pathogenic fungi that infect many plants and their products, including corn, barley, fruits and vegetables. this study presents the results of a survey for zen contamination on barley, corn, silage and wheat bran. a total of 54 samples were collected from shahrekord in spring and summer 2010, including 20 barley, 8 corn, 12 silage and 14 wheat bran and analyzed usin ... | 2011 | 22064679 |
| genetic diversity in fusarium graminearum from a major wheat-producing region of argentina. | the fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) is a group of mycotoxigenic fungi that are the primary cause of fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat worldwide. the distribution, frequency of occurrence, and genetic diversity of fgsc species in cereal crops in south america is not well understood compared to some regions of asia, europe and north america. therefore, we examined the frequency and genetic diversity of a collection of 183 fgsc isolates recovered from wheat grown during multiple growi ... | 2011 | 22069697 |
| Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent-Assay for Deoxynivalenol (DON). | Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the trichothecene mycotoxins, is a worldwide contaminant of wheat and barley, especially when infected by Fusarium graminearum, the causative agent of an epidemic wheat disease called Fusarium Head Blight. Because of the high risk of DON ingestion and the possibility of frequent exposure, it is important to develop a rapid and highly sensitive method for easy identification and quantification of DON in grain samples. In this study, we have developed an indirect compe ... | 2011 | 22069751 |
| population structure and genetic diversity of the fusarium graminearum species complex. | the fusarium graminearum species complex (fg complex) consists of phylogenetically distinct species some of which cannot be discriminated based on their morphology. their chemotypes and geographic distributions are dramatically different, and these highlight the challenges that fusarium head blight (fhb) poses to plant disease specialists and plant breeders, thereby requiring that quarantine officials employ molecular diagnostic tools in their active surveillance programs. molecular marker techn ... | 2011 | 22069755 |
| Contribution of proteomics to the study of plant pathogenic fungi. | Phytopathogenic fungi are one of the most damaging plant parasitic organisms, and can cause serious diseases and important yield losses in crops. The study of the biology of these microorganisms and the interaction with their hosts has experienced great advances in recent years due to the development of moderm, holistic and high-throughput -omic techniques, together with the increasing number of genome sequencing projects and the development of mutants and reverse genetics tools. We highlight am ... | 2011 | 22085090 |
| on the trail of a cereal killer: recent advances in fusarium graminearum pathogenomics and host resistance. | the ascomycete fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum (sexual stage: gibberella zeae) causes the devastating head blight or scab disease on wheat and barley, and cob or ear rot disease on maize. fusarium graminearum infection causes significant crop and quality losses. in addition to roles as virulence factors during pathogenesis, trichothecene mycotoxins (e.g. deoxynivalenol) produced by this pathogen constitute a significant threat to human and animal health if consumed in respective food or fee ... | 2011 | 22098555 |
| Heterochromatin influences the secondary metabolite profile in the plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum. | Chromatin modifications and heterochromatic marks have been shown to be involved in the regulation of secondary metabolism gene clusters in the fungal model system Aspergillus nidulans. We examine here the role of HEP1, the heterochromatin protein homolog of Fusarium graminearum, for the production of secondary metabolites. Deletion of Hep1 in a PH-1 background strongly influences expression of genes required for the production of aurofusarin and the main tricothecene metabolite DON. In the Hep1 ... | 2011 | 22100541 |
| salicylic acid regulates basal resistance to fusarium head blight in wheat. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a destructive disease of cereal crops like wheat and barley. previously, expression in wheat of the arabidopsis npr1 gene (atnpr1), which encodes a key regulator of salicylic acid (sa) signaling, was shown to reduce severity of fhb caused by fusarium graminearum. it was hypothesized that sa signaling contributes to wheat defense against f. graminearum. here we show that increased accumulation of sa in fungus-infected spikes correlated with elevated expression of ... | 2011 | 22112217 |
| a resource for the in silico identification of fungal polyketide synthases from predicted fungal proteomes. | the goal of this study was to develop a tool specifically designed to identify iterative polyketide synthases (ipkss) from predicted fungal proteomes. a fungi-based pks prediction model, specifically for fungal ipkss, was developed using profile hidden markov models (phmms) based on two essential ipks domains, the β-ketoacyl synthase (ks) domain and acyltransferase (at) domain, derived from fungal ipkss. this fungi-based pks prediction model was initially tested on the well-annotated proteome of ... | 2011 | 22112245 |
| First report of a bifunctional chitinase/lysozyme produced by Bacillus pumilus SG2. | Bacillus pumilus SG2 isolated from high salinity ecosystem in Iran produces two chitinases (ChiS and ChiL) and secretes them into the medium. In this study, chiS and chiL genes were cloned in pQE-30 expression vector and were expressed in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli strain M15. The recombinant proteins were purified using Ni-NTA column. The optimum pH and optimum temperature for enzyme activity of ChiS were pH 6, 50°C; those of ChiL were pH 6.5, 40°C. The purified chitinases showed antifun ... | 2011 | 22112904 |
| meiotic silencing in the homothallic fungus gibberella zeae. | the homothallic ascomycete fungus gibberella zeae is an important pathogen on major cereal crops. the objective of this study was to determine whether meiotic silencing occurs in g. zeae. cytological studies demonstrated that gfp and rfp-fusion proteins were not detected during meiosis, both in heterozygous outcrosses and homozygous selfings. the deletion of rsp-1, a homologue used for studies on meiotic silencing of neurospora crassa, triggered abnormal ascospores from selfing, but outcrosses b ... | 2011 | 22115448 |
| trichothecene genotypes and chemotypes in fusarium graminearum complex strains isolated from maize fields of northwest argentina. | members of the fusarium graminearum species complex (fg complex) cause gibberella ear rot in maize from northwest argentina. the potential of these pathogens to contaminate maize grains with type b trichothecenes is a health risk for both humans and animals. we evaluated the reliability of multiplex pcr assays based on tri3 and tri12 genes, and single pcr assays based on tri7 and tri13 genes to infer trichothecene chemotypes of 112 strains of fg complex collected from northwest argentina, checki ... | 2011 | 22119268 |
| Population structure of a novel putative mycovirus infecting the conifer root-rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato. | We describe a novel putative mycovirus infecting the conifer root-rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato. This virus, designated as Heterobasidion RNA virus 6 (HetRV6), is taxonomically distant from all previously known viruses of Heterobasidion species, but somewhat related to the Curvularia thermal tolerance virus and the Fusarium graminearum virus 4. Based on a population analysis including 35 virus strains from Heterobasidion abietinum, Heterobasidion parviporum, Heterobasidion annosum ... | 2012 | 22138214 |
| involvement of a velvet protein fgvea in the regulation of asexual development, lipid and secondary metabolisms and virulence in fusarium graminearum. | the velvet protein, vea, is involved in the regulation of diverse cellular processes. in this study, we explored functions of fgvea in the wheat head blight pathogen, fusarium graminearum,using a gene replacement strategy. the fgvea deletion mutant exhibited a reduction in aerial hyphae formation, hydrophobicity, and deoxynivalenol (don) biosynthesis. deletion of fgvea gene led to an increase in conidial production, but a delay in conidial germination. pathogencity assays showed that the mutant ... | 2011 | 22140571 |
| Attainment of 15-Fold Higher Affinity of a Fusarium-specific Single-Chain Antibody by Directed Molecular Evolution Coupled to Phage Display. | Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum infection is a devastating disease of wheat, maize, and other cereals. A previously isolated chicken single-chain Fv antibody (scFv), CWP2, that conferred durable resistance in planta was subjected to directed evolution by error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling, generating a mutated library. Panning of the mutated library against cell wall-bound proteins (CWPs) from F. graminearum by phage display enriched phage clones that were used for a fur ... | 2011 | 22161226 |
| within-field variation of fusarium graminearum isolates for aggressiveness and deoxynivalenol production in wheat head blight. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.), causes tremendous annual yield losses in wheat worldwide. variation of aggressiveness of isolates from individual field populations in terms of fhb infection and deoxynivalenol (don) concentration in the host are important population parameters reflecting parasitic ability. our main objective was to estimate the variation of both traits within three populations of f. graminearum s.s., each consisting of 30 single-sp ... | 2012 | 22165985 |
| comparative analysis of fusarium mitochondrial genomes reveals a highly variable region that encodes an exceptionally large open reading frame. | the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of fusarium verticillioides, fusarium solani and fusarium graminearum were annotated and found to be 53.7, 63.0 and 95.7kb in length, respectively. the genomes encode all genes typically associated with mtdnas of filamentous fungi yet are considerably larger than the mt genome of f. oxysporum. size differences are largely due to the number of group i introns. surprisingly, the genomes contain a highly variable region of 7-9kb that encodes an exceptionally large, un ... | 2011 | 22178648 |
| Targeted Gene Replacement in Fungal Pathogens via Agrobacterium tumefaciens- Mediated Transformation. | Genome sequence data on fungal pathogens provide the opportunity to carry out a reverse genetics approach to uncover gene function. Efficient methods for targeted genome modifications such as knockout and in locus over-expression are in high demand. Here we describe two efficient single-step cloning strategies for construction of vectors for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT). Targeted genome modifications require integration by a homologous double crossover event, which is ... | 2012 | 22183645 |
| In vitro induction of infection-related hyphal structures in plant pathogenic fungi. | In recent years, a voluminous amount of genomic data has been generated for several plant pathogenic fungi. Multiple studies have utilized these genomic data to advance our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of plant pathogenesis. However, not all plant pathogenic fungi share the same infection strategies, and several genes have been identified that are crucial for plant pathogenesis in one fungus, but dispensable in others. In order for data on biological relevance to keep pace with accum ... | 2012 | 22183665 |
| inhibition of fusarium graminearum growth in flour gel cultures by hexane-soluble compounds from oat (avena sativa l.) flour. | fusarium head blight, incited by the fungus fusarium graminearum, primarily affects wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgarum), while oat (avena sativa) appears to be more resistant. although this has generally been attributed to the open panicle of oats, we hypothesized that a chemical component of oats might contribute to this resistance. to test this hypothesis, we created culture media made of wheat, barley, and oat flour gels (6 g of flour in 20 ml of water, gelled by autoclav ... | 2011 | 22186063 |
| functional analysis of the kinome of the wheat scab fungus fusarium graminearum. | as in other eukaryotes, protein kinases play major regulatory roles in filamentous fungi. although the genomes of many plant pathogenic fungi have been sequenced, systematic characterization of their kinomes has not been reported. the wheat scab fungus fusarium graminearum has 116 protein kinases (pk) genes. although twenty of them appeared to be essential, we generated deletion mutants for the other 96 pk genes, including 12 orthologs of essential genes in yeast. all of the pk mutants were assa ... | 2011 | 22216007 |
| time-course changes in fungal elicitor-induced lignan synthesis and expression of the relevant genes in cell cultures of linum album. | linum album has been shown to accumulate anti-tumor podophyllotoxin (ptox) and its related lignans. in the present study, we examined the effects of five fungal extracts on the production of lignans in l. album cell cultures. fusarium graminearum extract induced the highest increase of ptox [140μgg(-1) dry weight (dw) of the l. album cell culture] which is seven-fold greater than the untreated control, while rhizopus stolonifer extract enhanced the accumulation of lariciresinol, instead of ptox, ... | 2012 | 22218086 |
| quantification of fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum by real-time pcr system and zearalenone assessment in maize. | zearalenone (zea) is a mycotoxin produced by some species of fusarium, especially by fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum. zea induces hyperoestrogenic responses in mammals and can result in reproductive disorders in farm animals. in the present study, a real-time pcr (qpcr) assay has been successfully developed for the detection and quantification of fusarium graminearum based on primers targeting the gene pks13 involved in zea biosynthesis. a standard curve was developed by plotting the logari ... | 2011 | 22240058 |
| autophagy provides nutrients for nonassimilating fungal structures and is necessary for plant colonization but not for infection in the necrotrophic plant pathogen fusarium graminearum. | the role of autophagy in necrotrophic fungal physiology and infection biology is poorly understood. we have studied autophagy in the necrotrophic plant pathogen fusarium graminearum in relation to development of nonassimilating structures and infection. we identified an atg8 homolog f. graminearum atg8 whose first 116 amino acids before the predicted atg4 cleavage site are 100% identical to podospora anserina atg8. we generated a δfgatg8 mutant by gene replacement and showed that this cannot for ... | 2012 | 22240663 |
| production of novel fusarielins by ectopic activation of the polyketide synthase 9 cluster in fusarium graminearum. | like many other filamentous fungi, fusarium graminearum has the genetic potential to produce a vast array of unknown secondary metabolites. a promising approach to determine the nature of these is to activate silent secondary metabolite gene clusters through constitutive expression of cluster specific transcription factors. we have developed a system in which an expression cassette containing the transcription factor from the targeted pks cluster disrupts the production of the red mycelium pigme ... | 2012 | 22252016 |
| differential roles of pyruvate decarboxylase in aerial and embedded mycelia of the ascomycete gibberella zeae. | the pyruvate-acetaldehyde-acetate (paa) pathway has diverse roles in eukaryotes. our previous study on acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase 1 (acs1) in gibberella zeae suggested that the paa pathway is important for lipid production, which is required for perithecia maturation. in this study, we deleted all three pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) genes, which encode enzymes that function upstream of acs1 in the paa pathway. results suggest pdc1 is required for lipid accumulation in the aerial mycelia, and de ... | 2012 | 22276936 |
| prp8 inteins in species of the genus botrytis and other ascomycetes. | the mobile elements termed inteins have a sporadic distribution in microorganisms. it is unclear how these elements are maintained. inteins are intervening protein sequences that autocatalytically excise themselves from a precursor. excision is a post-translational process referred to as 'protein splicing' in which the sequences flanking the intein are ligated, reforming the mature host protein. some inteins contain a homing endonuclease domain (heg) that is proposed to facilitate propagation of ... | 2012 | 22285471 |
| population structure of and mycotoxin production by fusarium graminearum from maize in south korea. | fusarium graminearum (gibberella zeae) is an important pathogen of wheat, maize, barley, and rice in south korea, and harvested grain often is contaminated with trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. in this study, we examined 568 isolates of f. graminearum collected from maize at eight locations in south korea. we used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps) to identify four lineages (2, 3, 6, and 7); lineage 7 was the most common (75%), followed by lineage 6 (12%), lineag ... | 2012 | 22287004 |
| phylogenomic and functional domain analysis of polyketide synthases in fusarium. | fusarium species are ubiquitous in nature, cause a range of plant diseases, and produce a variety of chemicals often referred to as secondary metabolites. although some fungal secondary metabolites affect plant growth or protect plants from other fungi and bacteria, their presence in grain-based food and feed is more often associated with a variety of diseases in plants and in animals. many of these structurally diverse metabolites are derived from a family of related enzymes called polyketide s ... | 2011 | 22289777 |
| isolation and characterization of two endoxylanases from fusarium graminearum. | this paper reports the first isolation from cultures of two endoxylanases secreted by fusarium graminearum schwabe [teleomorph gibberella zeae (schweinitz) petch]. when f. graminearum is grown on wheat bran hydrated with a modified synthetic medium, high xylanase activity can be extracted. the two endoxylanases were identified by lc-ms/ms as the products of genes fgsg_6445 (genbank gene id 2788192 ) (xylanase 1) and fgsg_3624 (genbank accession no. aj863566 ) (xylanase 2) with 61 and 51% sequenc ... | 2012 | 22313372 |
| specificity of pseudomonas isolates on healthy and fusarium head blight-infected spikelets of wheat heads. | the specificity of culturable bacteria on healthy and fusarium head blight (fhb)-infected spikelets of wheat heads was investigated to find a candidate of biocontrol agents against fhb. the bacterial genus pseudomonas was commonly isolated from the tissues, and phylogenetic analysis using 16s ribosomal rna gene sequences of isolates of the genera revealed that particular phylogenetic groups in the genus specifically inhabited either healthy or infected spikelet tissues. the specificity of each g ... | 2012 | 22314388 |
| inhibitory effects of gossypol, gossypolone, and apogossypolone on a collection of economically important filamentous fungi. | racemic gossypol and its related derivatives gossypolone and apogossypolone demonstrated significant growth inhibition against a diverse collection of filamentous fungi that included aspergillus flavus, aspergillus parasiticus, aspergillus alliaceus, aspergillus fumigatus, fusarium graminearum, fusarium moniliforme, penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium corylophilum, and stachybotrys atra. the compounds were tested in a czapek agar medium at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. racemic gossypol and apog ... | 2012 | 22324794 |
| rapid identification of fusarium graminearum species complex using rolling circle amplification (rca). | rolling circle amplification (rca) of dna is a sensitive and cost effective method for the rapid identification of pathogenic fungi without the need for sequencing. amplification products can be visualized on 1% agarose gel to verify the specificity of probe-template binding or directly by adding fluorescent dyes. fusarium head blight (fhb) is currently the world's largest threat to the production of cereal crops with the production of a range of mycotoxins as an additional risk. we designed set ... | 2012 | 22326479 |
| population analysis of the fusarium graminearum species complex from wheat in china show a shift to more aggressive isolates. | a large number of fusarium isolates was collected from blighted wheat spikes originating from 175 sampling sites, covering 15 provinces in china. species and trichothecene chemotype determination by multilocus genotyping (mlgt) indicated that f. graminearum s. str. with the 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15adon) chemotype and f. asiaticum with either the nivalenol (niv) or the 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3adon) chemotype were the dominant causal agents. bayesian model-based clustering with allele data o ... | 2012 | 22363714 |
| heat- and cold-shock responses in fusarium graminearum 3 acetyl- and 15 acetyl-deoxynivalenol chemotypes. | fusarium graminearum schwabe is the primary cause of fusarium head blight (fhb) in north america. chemically distinct f. graminearum sub-populations can be identified based on the type or composition of deoxynivalenol (don) mycotoxin derivatives, including 3-acetyl (3-adon) and 15-acetyl (15-adon). the evaluation of randomly selected 3-adon and 15-adon isolates, collected from spring wheat throughout canada, was performed using thin layer chromatography (tlc), high-performance liquid chromatogra ... | 2012 | 22367943 |
| quick guide to polyketide synthase and nonribosomal synthetase genes in fusarium. | fusarium species produce a plethora of bioactive polyketides and nonribosomal peptides that give rise to health problems in animals and may have drug development potential. using the genome sequences for fusarium graminearum, f. oxysporum, f. solani and f. verticillioides we developed a framework for future polyketide synthases (pkss) and nonribosomal peptides synthetases (nrpss) nomenclature assignment and classification. sequence similarities of the adenylation and ketosynthase domain sequence ... | 2012 | 22377171 |
| effect of salicylic acid on fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of fusarium head blight in wheat. | salicylic acid (sa) is one of the key signal molecules in regulating plant resistance to diverse pathogens. in arabidopsis thaliana, it is predominantly associated with resistance against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens, and triggering systemic acquired resistance. in contrast, the effect of sa on the defence efficiency of wheat against fusarium head blight (fhb) and its causal agent, fusarium graminearum, is still poorly understood. here we show that the f. graminearum mycelial growth a ... | 2012 | 22385623 |
| transgenic expression of lactoferrin imparts enhanced resistance to head blight of wheat caused by fusarium graminearum. | the development of plant gene transfer systems has allowed for the introgression of alien genes into plant genomes for novel disease control strategies, thus providing a mechanism for broadening the genetic resources available to plant breeders. using the tools of plant genetic engineering, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial gene was tested for resistance against head blight caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe, a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) ... | 2012 | 22405032 |
| gliotoxin effects on fungal growth: mechanisms and exploitation. | although initially investigated for its antifungal properties, little is actually known about the effect of gliotoxin on aspergillus fumigatus and other fungi. we have observed that exposure of a. fumigatus to exogenous gliotoxin (14 μg/ml), under gliotoxin-limited growth conditions, results in significant alteration of the expression of 27 proteins (up- and down-regulated >1.9-fold; p<0.05) including de novo expression of cu, zn superoxide dismutase, up-regulated allergen asp f3 expression and ... | 2012 | 22405895 |
| association of single nucleotide polymorphic sites in candidate genes with aggressiveness and deoxynivalenol production in fusarium graminearum causing wheat head blight. | fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.) is an ubiquitous pathogen of cereals. the economic impact of fusarium head blight (fhb) is characterized by crop losses and mycotoxin contamination. our objective was to associate snp diversity within candidate genes with phenotypic traits. a total of 77 f. graminearum s.s. isolates was tested for severity of fungal infection (= aggressiveness) and deoxynivalenol (don) production in an inoculated field experiment at two locations in each of two years. fo ... | 2012 | 22409447 |
| quantitative trait loci responsible for fusarium head blight resistance in chinese landrace baishanyuehuang. | fusarium head blight (fhb), mainly caused by fusarium graminearum, is a destructive disease that can significantly reduce grain yield and quality. deployment of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for fhb resistance in commercial cultivars has been the most effective approach for minimizing the disease losses. 'baishanyuehuang' is a highly fhb-resistant landrace from china. recombinant inbred lines (rils) developed from a cross of 'baishanyuehuang' and 'jagger' were evaluated for fhb resistance in th ... | 2012 | 22454145 |
| engineering escherichia coli for succinate production from hemicellulose via consolidated bioprocessing. | the recalcitrant nature of hemicellulosic materials and the high cost in depolymerization are the primary obstacles preventing the use of xylan as feedstock for fuel and chemical production. consolidated bioprocessing, incorporating enzyme-generating, biomass-degrading and bioproduct-producing capabilities into a single microorganism, could potentially avoid the cost of the dedicated enzyme generation in the process of xylan utilization. in this study, we engineered escherichia coli strains capa ... | 2012 | 22455836 |
| the histone chaperone asf1 is essential for sexual development in the filamentous fungus sordaria macrospora. | ascomycetes develop four major types of fruiting bodies that share a common ancestor, and a set of common core genes most likely controls this process. one way to identify such genes is to search for conserved expression patterns. we analysed microarray data of fusarium graminearum and sordaria macrospora, identifying 78 genes with similar expression patterns during fruiting body development. one of these genes was asf1 (anti-silencing function 1), encoding a predicted histone chaperone. asf1 ex ... | 2012 | 22463819 |
| the top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. | the aim of this review was to survey all fungal pathologists with an association with the journal molecular plant pathology and ask them to nominate which fungal pathogens they would place in a 'top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. the survey generated 495 votes from the international community, and resulted in the generation of a top 10 fungal plant pathogen list for molecular plant pathology. the top 10 list includes, in rank order, (1) magnaporthe oryzae; (2) botrytis cinerea; (3) ... | 2012 | 22471698 |
| qpcr quantification of sphaerodes mycoparasitica biotrophic mycoparasite interaction with fusarium graminearum: in vitro and in planta assays. | sphaerodes mycoparasitica, a biotrophic mycoparasite of fusarium species, improved wheat seed germination and seedling growth in vitro compared to trichoderma harzianum, a necrotrophic mycoparasite. however, under phytotron conditions, both s. mycoparasitica and t. harzianum had positive impact on wheat seedlings growth in the presence of f. graminearum. once exposed to the mycoparasites, the dna quantity of f. graminearum in wheat root decreased. observed shifts in dna quantity using qpcr, a se ... | 2012 | 22476566 |
| the feruloyl esterase gene family of fusarium graminearum is differentially regulated by aromatic compounds and hosts. | feruloyl esterases can liberate ferulic acid (fa) from plant cell wall polymers. they are expressed by plant pathogenic fungi and could play a role in pathogenicity, although this question has not been addressed yet. the fungus fusarium graminearum is the principal causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) and gibberella ear rot (ger), major diseases of wheat, barley, and maize in all temperate regions of the world. the f. graminearum genome contains seven genes with strong homology to feruloyl ... | 2012 | 22483046 |
| characterization of novel di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide microsatellite primers suitable for genotyping various plant pathogenic fungi with special emphasis on fusaria and mycospherella graminicola. | the goals of this investigation were to identify and evaluate the use of polymorphic microsatellite marker (pmm) analysis for molecular typing of seventeen plant pathogenic fungi. primers for di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide loci were designed directly from the recently published genomic sequence of mycospherlla graminicola and fusarium graminearum. a total of 20 new microsatellite primers as easy-to-score markers were developed. microsatellite primer pcr (mp-pcr) yielded highly reproducible and c ... | 2012 | 22489135 |
| sexual development and ascospore discharge in fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum has become a model system for studies in development and pathogenicity of filamentous fungi. f. graminearum most easily produces fruiting bodies, called perithecia, on carrot agar. perithecia contain numerous tissue types, produced at specific stages of perithecium development. these include (in order of appearance) formation of the perithecium initials (which give rise to the ascogenous hyphae), the outer wall, paraphyses (sterile mycelia which occupy the center of the peri ... | 2012 | 22491175 |
| the predicted secretome of the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum: a refined comparative analysis. | the fungus fusarium graminearum forms an intimate association with the host species wheat whilst infecting the floral tissues at anthesis. during the prolonged latent period of infection, extracellular communication between live pathogen and host cells must occur, implying a role for secreted fungal proteins. the wheat cells in contact with fungal hyphae subsequently die and intracellular hyphal colonisation results in the development of visible disease symptoms. since the original genome annota ... | 2012 | 22493673 |
| relationship between environmental factors, dry matter loss and mycotoxin levels in stored wheat and maize infected with fusarium species. | this study examined the relationship between storage environmental factors (water activity (a(w)) (0.89-0.97) and temperature (15°c-30°c)), colonisation of wheat and maize by fusarium graminearum and f. verticillioides respectively and the dry matter losses (dmls) caused and quantified by contamination with deoxynivalenol (don), zearalenone (zea) and fumonisins (fums) during storage. fungal growth was assessed by the amount of co(2) produced under different interacting conditions of a(w) and tem ... | 2012 | 22494580 |
| fitness of three fusarium pathogens of wheat. | crown rot and head blight of wheat are caused by the same fusarium species. to better understand their biology, this study has compared 30 isolates of the three dominant species using 13 pathogenic and saprophytic fitness measures including aggressiveness for the two diseases, saprophytic growth and fecundity and deoxynivalenol (don) production from saprophytic colonization of grain and straw. pathogenic fitness was generally linked to don production in infected tissue. the superior crown rot fi ... | 2012 | 22500915 |
| fgvelb globally regulates sexual reproduction, mycotoxin production and pathogenicity in the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum. | the velvet genes are conserved in ascomycetous fungi and function as global regulators of differentiation and secondary metabolism. here, we characterized one of the velvet genes, designated fgvelb, in the plant-pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum, which causes fusarium head blight in cereals and produces mycotoxins within plants. fgvelb-deleted (δfgvelb) strains produced fewer aerial mycelia with less pigmentation than those of the wild-type (wt) during vegetative growth. under sexual develo ... | 2012 | 22516221 |
| phytochemicals to suppress fusarium head blight in wheat-chickpea rotation. | fusarium diseases cause major economic losses in wheat-based crop rotations. volatile organic compounds (voc) in wheat and rotation crops, such as chickpea, may negatively impact pathogenic fusarium. using the headspace gc-ms method, 16 voc were found in greenhouse-grown wheat leaves: dimethylamine, 2-methyl-1-propanol, octanoic acid-ethyl ester, acetic acid, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, nonanoic acid-ethyl ester, nonanol, n-ethyl-benzenamine, naphthalene, butylated hydroxytoluene, dimethoxy methane, phen ... | 2012 | 22520499 |
| β-tubulins in gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance. | fusarium head blight caused by gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of g. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. the aim of the present study was to clarify t ... | 2012 | 22522694 |
| phosphoproteome profile of fusarium graminearum grown in vitro under nonlimiting conditions. | this study presents a high-throughput proteomic analysis of phosphopeptides from fusarium graminearum strain daom 233423 grown in vitro without nutritional limitation. using a combination of strong cation exchange (scx) and immobilized metal affinity chromatography (imac) followed by lc-ms, we identified 2902 putative phosphopeptides with homologous matches to 1496 different proteins. functional classification of the annotated protein set revealed that phosphopeptides from nuclear proteins with ... | 2012 | 22522806 |
| a split luciferase complementation assay for studying in vivo protein-protein interactions in filamentous ascomycetes. | protein-protein interactions play important roles in controlling many cellular events. to date, several techniques have been developed for detection of protein-protein interactions in living cells, among which split luciferase complementation has been applied in animal and plant cells. here, we examined whether the split luciferase assay could be used in filamentous ascomycetes, such as gibberella zeae and cochliobolus heterostrophus. the coding sequences of two strongly interacting proteins (th ... | 2012 | 22531843 |
| hyd5 gene-based detection of the major gushing-inducing fusarium spp. in a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay. | fusarium graminearum and the closely related f. culmorum were found to be associated with over foaming of bottled beer (gushing) when contaminated brewing malt is used. the presence of highly surface active hydrophobins produced by these fungi upon growth on wheat or barley in the field or during malting may affect bubble formation and stability in gushing beers and other carbonated beverages. aiming for a method for the rapid and user friendly analysis of unmalted and malted cereals during qual ... | 2012 | 22554927 |
| synthesis and bioactivity of pyrazole acyl thiourea derivatives. | sixteen novel pyrazole acyl thiourea derivatives 6 were synthesized from monomethylhydrazine (phenylhydrazine) and ethyl acetoacetate. the key 5-chloro-3-methyl-1-substituted-1h-pyrazole-4-carbonyl chloride intermediates 4 were first generated in four steps through cyclization, formylation, oxidation and acylation. thess were then reacted with ammonium thiocyanate in the presence of peg-400 to afford 5-chloro-3-methyl-1-substituted-1h-pyrazole-4-carbonyl isothiocyanates 5. subsequent reaction wi ... | 2012 | 22555301 |
| impact of cycling temperatures on fusarium verticillioides and fusarium graminearum growth and mycotoxins production in soybean. | fusarium graminearum and f. verticillioides are two very important mycotoxigenic species as they cause diverse diseases in crops. the effects of constant and cycling temperatures on growth and mycotoxin production of these species were studied on soybean based medium and on irradiated soya beans. | 2012 | 22555960 |
| genome-wide expression profiling shows transcriptional reprogramming in fusarium graminearum by fusarium graminearum virus 1-dk21 infection. | fusarium graminearum virus 1 strain-dk21 (fgv1-dk21) is a mycovirus that confers hypovirulence to f. graminearum, which is the primary phytopathogenic fungus that causes fusarium head blight (fhb) disease in many cereals. understanding the interaction between mycoviruses and plant pathogenic fungi is necessary for preventing damage caused by f. graminearum. therefore, we investigated important cellular regulatory processes in a host containing fgv1-dk21 as compared to an uninfected parent using ... | 2012 | 22559730 |
| synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel pimprinine analogues. | a simple and efficient synthetic protocol for 5-(3-indolyl)-oxazoles has been developed and further used to synthesize a series of novel analogues of natural product pimprinine. all new compounds were identified by (1)h nmr, high resolution mass spectrometry, and the structures of 10 and 18o were further confirmed by x-ray crystallographic diffraction analysis. bioassay conducted at syngenta showed that several of the synthesized compounds exhibited fungicidal activity. compounds 10, 17, 18 h, 1 ... | 2012 | 22560632 |
| antagonistic potentiality of trichoderma harzianum towards seed-borne fungal pathogens of winter wheat cv. protiva in vitro and in vivo. | the antagonistic effect of trichoderma harzianum on a range of seed-borne fungal pathogens of wheat (viz. fusarium graminearum, bipolaris sorokiniana, aspergillus spp., and penicillium spp.) was assessed. the potential of t. harzianum as a biocontrol agent was tested in vitro and under field conditions. coculture of the pathogens and trichoderma under laboratory conditions clearly showed dominance of t. harzianum. under natural conditions, biocontrol effects were also obtained against the test f ... | 2012 | 22561850 |
| characterisation of the fusarium graminearum-wheat floral interaction. | fusarium ear blight is a destructive fungal disease of cereals including wheat and can contaminate the crop with various trichothecene mycotoxins. this investigation has produced a new β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter strain that facilitates the quick and easy assessment of plant infection. the constitutively expressed gpda:gus strain of fusarium graminearum was used to quantify the overall colonisation pattern. histochemical and biochemical approaches confirmed, in susceptible wheat ear infection ... | 2011 | 22567335 |
| mannitol induces the conversion of conidia to chlamydospore-like structures that confer enhanced tolerance to heat, drought, and uv in gibberella zeae. | fungi use mannitol to store carbon, balance redox, and mannitol serves as an antioxidant. several fungi also increase stress tolerance by accumulating mannitol. the results of this study showed that conidia of the cereal head blight fungus gibberella zeae were readily changed to chlamydospore-like structures (cls) in cultures supplemented with high amounts of mannitol. cls cellular features were atypical of chlamydospores, but accumulated high levels of glycogen, lipids, and chitin in the cytopl ... | 2012 | 22580127 |
| the correlation of genetic diversity and geographic distribution of fusarium graminearum in north part of iran. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused mainly by fusarium graminearum, is one of the most notorious diseases in north part of iran. due to lack of sufficient information regarding genetic diversity of fhb, the correlation between genetic diversity and geographic distribution of 52 isolates that collected from infected wheat kernels from four main grown region of north part of iran were analyzed with 10 simple sequence repeat (ssr) primers and 15 random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) primers. the u ... | 2011 | 22590833 |
| the stress-activated protein kinase fgos-2 is a key regulator in the life cycle of the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive pathogens of cereals and a threat to food and feed production worldwide. it is an ascomycetous plant pathogen and the causal agent of fusarium head blight disease in small grain cereals and of cob rot disease in maize. infection with f. graminearum leads to yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. zearalenone (zea) and deoxynivalenol (don) are hazardous mycotoxins; the latter is necessary for virulence toward wheat. deletion mutants of the f. ... | 2012 | 22591226 |
| mycoflora and ochratoxin a control in wheat grain using natural extracts obtained from wine industry by-products. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of some natural extracts obtained from grape pomace (gpe) and grape seeds (gse) as compared to a synthetic food, antioxidant-butylated hydroxytoluene (bht), in order to control fungal population and ochratoxin a (ota) production in naturally contaminated wheat. the results showed that the addition of these extracts was efficient with ota content decreasing. on treatment with these extracts the loss of ota content after 14 days was in the range 7.8 ... | 2012 | 22606022 |
| characterization of magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 structural proteins and their expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 (mocv1), which is associated with an impaired growth phenotype of its host fungus, harbors four major proteins: p130 (130 kda), p70 (70 kda), p65 (65 kda), and p58 (58 kda). n-terminal sequence analysis of each protein revealed that p130 was encoded by double-stranded rna1 (dsrna1) (open reading frame 1 [orf1] 1,127 amino acids [aa]), p70 by dsrna4 (orf4; 812 aa), and p58 by dsrna3 (orf3; 799 aa), although the molecular masses of p58 and p70 were significantly sm ... | 2012 | 22623797 |
| functional analyses of regulators of g protein signaling in gibberella zeae. | regulators of g protein signaling (rgs) proteins make up a highly diverse and multifunctional protein family that plays a critical role in controlling heterotrimeric g protein signaling. in this study, seven rgs genes (fgflba, fgflbb, fgrgsa, fgrgsb, fgrgsb2, fgrgsc, and fggprk) were functionally characterized in the plant pathogenic fungus, gibberella zeae. mutant phenotypes were observed for deletion mutants of fgrgsa and fgrgsb in vegetative growth, fgflbb and fgrgsb in conidia morphology, fg ... | 2012 | 22634273 |
| role of fig1, a component of the low-affinity calcium uptake system, in growth and sexual development of filamentous fungi. | the function of fig1, a transmembrane protein of the low-affinity calcium uptake system (lacs) in fungi, was examined for its role in the growth and development of the plant pathogen fusarium graminearum. the δfig1 mutants failed to produce mature perithecia, and sexual development was halted prior to the formation of perithecium initials. the loss of fig1 function also resulted in a reduced vegetative growth rate. macroconidium production was reduced 70-fold in the δfig1 mutants compared to the ... | 2012 | 22635922 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of novel pyrazolecarboxamide derivatives containing a hydrazone moiety. | the plant pathogenic fungus (such as gibberella zeae, fusarium oxysporum and cytospora mandshurica) causes devastating disease in agriculture. the pathogenic fungus is responsible for billions of dollars in economic losses worldwide each year. in order to discover new fungicidal molecule with good fungicidal activity against g. zeae, f. oxysporum, and c. mandshurica, we sought to combine the active sub-structure of hydrazone and pyrazole amide derivatives together to design and synthesize novel ... | 2012 | 22647315 |
| a putative transcription factor myt2 regulates perithecium size in the ascomycete gibberella zeae. | the homothallic ascomycete fungus gibberella zeae is a plant pathogen that is found worldwide, causing fusarium head blight (fhb) in cereal crops and ear rot of maize. ascospores formed in fruiting bodies (i.e., perithecia) are hypothesized to be the primary inocula for fhb disease. perithecium development is a complex cellular differentiation process controlled by many developmentally regulated genes. in this study, we selected a previously reported putative transcription factor containing the ... | 2012 | 22649560 |
| morphogenetic and developmental functions of the aspergillus nidulans homologues of the yeast bud site selection proteins bud4 and axl2. | the yeast bud site selection system represents a paradigm for understanding how fungal cells regulate the formation of a polarity axis. in saccharomyces cerevisiae, bud4 and axl2 are components of the axial bud site marker. to address the possibility that these proteins regulate cellular morphogenesis in filamentous fungi, we have characterized homologues of bud4 and axl2 in aspergillus nidulans. our results show that bud4 is involved in septum formation in both hyphae and developing conidiophor ... | 2012 | 22651396 |
| a method for making directed changes to the fusarium graminearum genome without leaving markers or other extraneous dna. | a method is described which allows exact targeted changes to the fusarium graminearum genome, including changes of as little as one particular base pair to gene-size insertions, replacements or modifications. the technique leaves no other dna in the genome, such as marker genes, and can be used serially to effect multiple complex changes in any desired chromosomal locations. the method is based on our previous finding that after transformation, dna with homology to f. graminearum dna recombines ... | 2012 | 22664277 |