Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [genetic variation of main restorer lines of hybrid rice in china was revealed by microsatellite markers]. | a total of thirty-five restorer lines of hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.) were analyzed by twenty-five ssr (simple sequence repeats) primer pairs, which disperse on 12 chromosomes in rice. those primers detected 65 alleles among 35 restorer lines of hybrid rice. per primer pair detected 2.6 alleles on the average. pic (polymorphism index content) values ranged from 0.206 to 0.682. pic value is 0.414 on the average. the result from cluster analysis shows that hybrid rice restorer lines have abundant ... | 2002 | 12182081 |
| characterization of a hkt-type transporter in rice as a general alkali cation transporter. | we report the characterization of rice oshkt1 (oryza sativa ssp. indica) homologous to the wheat k+/na+-symporter hkt1. expression of oshkt1 in the yeast strain cy162 defective in k+-uptake restored growth at mm and micro m concentrations of k+ and mediated hypersensitivity to na+. when expressed in xenopus oocytes, rice oshkt1 showed uptake characteristics of a na+-transporter but mediated transport of other alkali cations as well. oshkt1 expression was analysed in salt-tolerant rice pokkali an ... | 2002 | 12182709 |
| isolation and characterization of triacontanol-regulated genes in rice (oryza sativa l.): possible role of triacontanol as a plant growth stimulator. | triacontanol (tria) is a saturated long-chain alcohol that is known to have a growth promoting activity when exogenously supplied to a number of plants. in this study, dry weight, protein and chlorophyll contents of rice seedlings were increased by foliar application of tria. leaf net photosynthesis rate (pn) was increased very quickly and persistently at a given photon flux density (pfd). the tria-regulated genes in rice were isolated from cdna library by differential screening with probes gene ... | 2002 | 12198189 |
| transcriptional regulation of a rice mitogen-activated protein kinase gene, osmapk4, in response to environmental stresses. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades play important roles in signal transduction of extracellular stimuli in eukaryotes. however, stimulatory signals for plant mapks have not been well elucidated. here, a cdna clone, termed oryza sativa mapk4 (osmapk4), from rice encoding a protein that showed homology with the eukaryotic mapks was isolated. according to the phylogenetic analysis, osmapk4 belongs to subgroup iv mapk in plants. osmapk4 transcripts were expressed strongly in mature lea ... | 2002 | 12198199 |
| [identification of a snorna47 gene cluster in oryza sativa]. | small nucleolar rnas (snornas) are required for ribose 2'-o-methylation of eukaryotic ribosomal rna. by researching in international rice genome databases, a snorna gene cluster, consisting of three box c/d snorna gene candidates, was found on chromosome 6. all of snorna coding sequences in this cluster exhibited the characteristic structure of box c/d antisense snorna. they shared conserved box c and box d motifs, a stable terminal stem formed by a 4-6 nt-long inverted repetition sequence locat ... | 2002 | 12198574 |
| the 5' leader of plant pgic has an intron: the leader shows both the loss and maintenance of constraints compared with introns and exons in the coding region. | pgic, a complex gene with 23 coding exons and 22 intervening introns, encodes the cytosolic isozyme of phosphoglucose isomerase (ec 5.3.1.9) in higher plants. here, we report rna ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cdna ends experiments that showed that pgic in clarkia (onagraceae) and arabidopsis thaliana has an intron in the 5' leader. comparison of the embl accessions of the cdna and genomic sequences showed that this is also the case in rice (oryza sativa), suggesting that a leader intron ... | 2002 | 12200488 |
| [chromosome mapping of the s-b locus for f1 pollen sterility in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) with rapd markers]. | s-b is one locus for f1 pollen sterility in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.), and the genotype of taichung 65 (abridged as t65) is sj/sj, while its isogenic line, tisl2 is si/si at this locus. the results of pollen fertility analysis showed that the pollen of t65 and tisl2 were fertile, but the f1 plant from t65 x tisl2 produced only 40.6% fertile pollens, and the type of sterile pollen was stainable abortive. in f2 population from the cross t65 x tisl2 and bc1f1 population from the cross t65/t ... | 2002 | 12200861 |
| proteome analysis of differentially displayed proteins as a tool for investigating ozone stress in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | employing classical two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de), amino acid sequencing and immunoblot analysis, we examine for the first time the effect of ozone, a highly notorious environmental pollutant, on rice seedling proteins. drastic visible necrotic damage to leaf by ozone and consequent increase in ascorbate peroxidase protein(s) was accompanied by rapid changes in the 2-de protein profiles, over controls. out of a total of 56 proteins investigated, which were reproducible in repeated exper ... | 2002 | 12203890 |
| developmental behavior of gene expression for brown rice thickness under different environments. | the dynamic changes of genetic effects, including main effects, and genotype x environment (ge) interaction effects on brown rice thickness (brt) across environments were investigated by using the developmental genetic models. seven cytoplasmic male sterile lines of indica rice (oryza sativa l.) as females and five restoring lines as males were used in a factorial design to produce grains of f(1)s and f(2)s in two environments (years) for developmental genetic analysis. the results indicate that ... | 2002 | 12203916 |
| genome sequencing of a 239-kb region of rice chromosome 10l reveals a high frequency of gene duplication and a large chloroplast dna insertion. | in this study we describe a 239-kb region on the long arm of rice chromosome 10 that contains a high density (71%) of locally duplicated genes, including 24 copies of a glutathione s-transferase gene. intriguingly, embedded within this cluster is a large insertion (approximately 33 kb) of rice (oryza sativa) chloroplast dna that is derived from two separate regions of the chloroplast genome. we used dna fiber-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (fiber-fish) analyses of o. sativa spp. japoni ... | 2002 | 12207219 |
| mapping of genes controlling aluminum tolerance in rice: comparison of different genetic backgrounds. | aluminum toxicity is the main factor limiting the productivity of crop plants in acid soils, particularly in the tropics and subtropics. in this study, a doubled-haploid population derived from the rice ( oryza sativa l.) breeding lines ct9993 and ir62266 was used to map genes controlling al tolerance. a genetic linkage map consisting of 280 dna markers (rflp, aflp and ssr) was constructed to determine the position and nature of quantitative trait loci (qtls) affecting al tolerance. three charac ... | 0 | 12207224 |
| characterization of a novel rice gene osatx and modulation of its expression by components of the stress signalling pathways. | in our search to identify gene(s) involved in the rice self-defense responses, we cloned a novel rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) gene, osatx, a single copy gene, from the ja treated rice seedling leaves cdna library. this gene encodes a 69 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 7649.7 and a pi of 5.6. osatx was responsive to cutting (wounding by cutting the excised leaf), over its weak constitutive expression in the healthy leaves. the critical signalling molecules, jasm ... | 2002 | 12207666 |
| gsh-dependent peroxidase activity of the rice (oryza sativa) glutaredoxin, a thioltransferase. | glutaredoxin (grx) is a 12-kda thioltransferase that reduces disulfide bonds of other proteins and maintains the redox potential of cells. in addition to its oxidoreductase activity, we report here that a rice grx (osgrx) can also function as a gsh-dependent peroxidase. because of this antioxidant activity, osgrx protects glutamine synthetase from oxidative damage. individually replacing the conserved cys residues in osgrx with ser shows that cys(23), but not cys(26), is essential for the thiolt ... | 2002 | 12207894 |
| a single nucleotide polymorphism in the alternative oxidase gene among rice varieties differing in low temperature tolerance. | alternative oxidase (aox) is encoded in a multigene family, and multiple isoforms have been observed in various plant species. we found for the first time an allelic variation in the same aox locus. on sds-gel blots of callus protein of rice (oryza sativa l.), varieties without the qtl for low temperature tolerance showed a 32-kda aox band, whereas those with the qtl showed a 34-kda band. the variation was attributed to the substitution of lys(71) for asn(71) caused by a single nucleotide polymo ... | 2002 | 12220657 |
| ultraviolet b-sensitive rice cultivar deficient in cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimer repair. | repair of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (cpds) in dna is essential in most organisms to prevent biological damage by ultraviolet (uv) light. in higher plants tested thus far, uv-sensitive strains had higher initial damage levels or deficient repair of nondimer dna lesions but normal cpd repair. this suggested that cpds might not be important for biological lesions. the photosynthetic apparatus has also been proposed as a critical target. we have analyzed cpd induction and repair in the uv-sensiti ... | 1997 | 12223592 |
| differential ammonia-elicited changes of cytosolic ph in root hair cells of rice and maize as monitored by 2[prime],7[prime]-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5 (and -6)-carboxyfluorescein-fluorescence ratio. | intact hair cells of young rice (oryza sativa l.) and maize roots (zea mays l.), grown without external nitrogen, were specifically loaded with 2[prime],7[prime]-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5 (and -6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester to monitor fluorescence ratio cytosolic ph changes in response to external ammonia (nh4+/nh3) application. in neutral media, cytosolic ph of root hairs was 7.15 [plus or minus] 0.13 (o. sativa) and 7.08 [plus or minus] 0.11 (z. mays). application of 2 mm ammonia at e ... | 1997 | 12223619 |
| expansins and internodal growth of deepwater rice. | the distribution and activity of the cell wall-loosening protein expansin is correlated with internodal growth in deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.). acid-induced extension of native cell walls and reconstituted extension of boiled cell walls were confined to the growing region of the internode, i.e. to the intercalary meristem (im) and the elongation zone. immunolocalization by tissue printing and immunoblot analysis, using antibody against cucumber expansin 29 as a probe, confirmed that rice exp ... | 1997 | 12223665 |
| jasmonate-inducible genes are activated in rice by pathogen attack without a concomitant increase in endogenous jasmonic acid levels. | the possible role of the octadecanoid signaling pathway with jasmonic acid (ja) as the central component in defense-gene regulation of pathogen-attacked rice was studied. rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings were treated with ja or inoculated with the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea (hebert) barr., and gene-expression patterns were compared between the two treatments. ja application induced the accumulation of a number of pathogenesis-related (pr) gene products at the mrna and protein levels, b ... | 1997 | 12223690 |
| differential accumulation of salicylic acid and salicylic acid-sensitive catalase in different rice tissues. | we previously proposed that salicylic acid (sa)-sensitive catalases serve as biological targets of sa in plant defense responses. to further examine the role of sa-sensitive catalases, we have analyzed the relationship between sa levels and sa sensitivity of catalases in different rice (oryza sativa) tissues. we show here that, whereas rice shoots contain extremely high levels of free sa, as previously reported (i. raskin, h. skubatz, w. tang, b.j.d. meeuse [1990] ann bot 66: 369-373; p. silverm ... | 1997 | 12223699 |
| does decrease in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by antisense rbcs lead to a higher n-use efficiency of photosynthesis under conditions of saturating co2 and light in rice plants? | rice (oryza sativa l.) plants with decreased ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) were obtained by transformation with the rice rbcs antisense gene under the control of the rice rbcs promoter. the primary transformants were screened for the rubisco to leaf n ratio, and the transformant with 65% wild-type rubisco was selected as a plant set with optimal rubisco content at saturating co2 partial pressures for photosynthesis under conditions of high irradiance and 25[deg]c. this optimal ... | 1997 | 12223722 |
| accelerated early growth of rice at elevated co2 (is it related to developmental changes in the shoot apex?). | the influence of elevated co2 on the development of the shoot apex and on subsequent vegetative growth and grain yield was investigated using rice (oryza sativa l. cv jarrah) grown in flooded soil at either 350 or 700 [mu]l co2 l-1. at 8 d after planting (dap), elevated co2 increased the height and diameter of the apical dome and lengths of leaf primordia and tiller buds but had no effect on their numbers. by 16 dap, there were five tiller buds in the apex at 700 [mu]l co2 l-1 compared with only ... | 1997 | 12223789 |
| gene-expression patterns and levels of jasmonic acid in rice treated with the resistance inducer 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid. | acquired disease resistance can be induced in rice (oryza sativa) by a number of synthetic or natural compounds, but the molecular mechanisms behind the phenomenon are poorly understood. one of the synthetic inducers of resistance, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (ina), efficiently protected rice leaves from infection by the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea (hebert) barr. a comparison of gene-expression patterns in plants treated with ina versus plants inoculated with the compatible pathogen m ... | 1997 | 12223792 |
| effects of osmoprotectants upon nacl stress in rice. | plants accumulate a number of osmoprotective substances in response to nacl stress, one of them being proline (pro). while characterizing some of the changes in solute accumulation in nacl-stressed rice (oryza sativa l.), we identified several other potential osmoprotectants. one such substance, trehalose, begins to accumulate in small amounts in roots after 3 d. we performed a series of experiments to compare the effects of pro and trehalose on ion accumulation to determine whether the two chem ... | 1997 | 12223797 |
| the effect of elevated partial pressures of co2 on the relationship between photosynthetic capacity and n content in rice leaves. | the effects of growth co2 levels on the photosynthetic rates; the amounts of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco), chlorophyll (chl), and cytochrome f; sucrose phosphate synthase activity; and total n content were examined in young, fully expanded leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.). the plants were grown hydroponically under two co2 partial pressures of 36 and 100 pa at three n concentrations. the light-saturated photosynthesis at 36 pa co2 was lower in the plants grown in 100 pa co2 th ... | 1997 | 12223799 |
| growth and n allocation in rice plants under co2 enrichment. | the effects of co2 enrichment on growth and n allocation of rice (oryza sativa l.) were examined. the plants were grown hydroponically in growth chambers with a 14-h photoperiod (1000 [mu]mol quanta m-2 s-1) and a day/night temperature of 25/20[deg]c. from the 28th to 70th d after germination, the plants were exposed to two co2 partial pressures, namely 36 and 100 pa. the co2 enrichment increased the final biomass, but this was caused by a stimulation of the growth rate during the first week of ... | 1997 | 12223800 |
| physical and kinetic evidence for an association between sucrose-phosphate synthase and sucrose-phosphate phosphatase. | the possible formation of a multienzyme complex between sucrose (suc)-phosphate synthase (sps) and suc-phosphate phosphatase (spp) was examined by measuring the rates of suc-6-phosphate (suc-6-p) synthesis and hydrolysis in mixing experiments with partially purified enzymes from spinach (spinacia oleracea) and rice (oryza sativa) leaves. the addition of spp to sps stimulated the rate of suc-6-p synthesis. sps inhibited the hydrolysis of exogenous suc-6-p by spp when added in the absence of its s ... | 1997 | 12223802 |
| l-myo-lnositol 1-phosphate synthase from plant sources (characteristics of the chloroplastic and cytosolic enzymes). | l-myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (ec 5.5.1.4) from cyanobacterial (spirulina platensis), algal (euglena gracilis), and higher plant (oryza sativa, vigna radiata) sources was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, biochemically characterized, and compared. both chloroplastic and cytosolic forms of the enzyme were detected in e. gracilis, o. sativa, and v. radiata, whereas only the cytosolic form was detected in streptomycin-bleached or chloroplastic mutants of e. gracilis and in s. platensis ... | 1997 | 12223840 |
| coordinated regulation of the genes participating in starch biosynthesis by the rice floury-2 locus. | the recessive floury-2 (flo-2) locus of rice (oryza sativa l.), which is located on chromosome 4, causes a strong reduction in expression of the gene encoding an isoform of branching enzyme rbe1 in immature seeds 10 d after flowering. mapping of the rbe1 gene demonstrated the localization on rice chromosome 6, suggesting that the wild-type floury-2 (flo-2) gene regulates rbe1 gene expression in trans. however, reduced expression of the genes encoding some other starch-synthesizing enzymes, inclu ... | 1996 | 12226172 |
| expression of a late embryogenesis abundant protein gene, hva1, from barley confers tolerance to water deficit and salt stress in transgenic rice. | a late embryogenesis abundant (lea) protein gene, hva1, from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) was introduced into rice suspension cells using the biolistic-mediated transformation method, and a large number of independent transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants were generated. expression of the barley hva1 gene regulated by the rice actin 1 gene promoter led to high-level, constitutive accumulation of the hva1 protein in both leaves and roots of transgenic rice plants. second-generation transgenic r ... | 1996 | 12226181 |
| involvement of jasmonic acid in elicitor-induced phytoalexin production in suspension-cultured rice cells. | it has been suggested that jasmonic acid (ja) could be an integral part of a general signal transduction system regulating inducible defense genes in plants. it was reported that treatment with an elicitor (n-acetylchitoheptaose) induced production of phytoalexin in suspension-cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells. in this study, the role of ja in the induction of phytoalexin production by n-acetylchitoheptaose was investigated. exogenously applied ([plus or minus])-ja (10-4 m) clearly induced t ... | 1996 | 12226190 |
| diauxic growth in rice suspension cells grown on mixed carbon sources of acetate and glucose. | diauxic growth was observed in rice (oryza sativa l.) suspension cells growing on acetate (10 mm) and glucose (10 mm). cells used acetate during the first growth phase and the acetate level in the medium was rapidly decreased, whereas the level of glucose remained essentially unchanged. after acetate was depleted from the medium, cells started to use glucose, forming the second growth phase. it appears that uptake of [14c]glucose was repressed during the first growth phase and became active duri ... | 1996 | 12226198 |
| growth inhibition in suspension-cultured rice cells under phosphate deprivation is mediated through putrescine accumulation. | the effects of phosphate deprivation on the growth and polyamine levels of suspension-cultured rice (oryza sativa) cells were investigated. when rice suspension cells were deprived of phosphate, cell growth was markedly inhibited. phosphate deprivation resulted in a higher putrescine level and lower spermidine and spermine levels in rice suspension cells. the growth of rice cells cultured in the absence of phosphate did not recover as a result of spermidine and spermine addition. d-arginine and ... | 1996 | 12226323 |
| cool temperature-induced chlorosis in rice plants (ii. effects of cool temperature on the expression of plastid-encoded genes during shoot growth in darkness). | it has been proposed that cool temperature-induced chlorosis (ctic) in indica cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.) is caused by cell growth and plastid development being impeded at cool temperatures. since it is well known that the overall rate of transcription of plastid-encoded genes changes dramatically during the early phases of plastid development, in this study we focused on the patterns of expression of these genes. northern blot analysis revealed that the level of 16s rrna is decreased in ... | 1996 | 12226412 |
| polyamine accumulation and near loss of morphogenesis in long-term callus cultures of rice (restoration of plant regeneration by manipulation of cellular polyamine levels). | we have shown (s. bajaj and m.v. rajam [1995] plant cell rep 14: 717-720) that a significant reduction in morphogenetic potential occurs in callus cultures of rice (oryza sativa l. cv tn-1) (up to 1 year old), and that plant regeneration could be improved in such cultures with spermidine treatment. we now show a near loss in plant regeneration capacity, concomitant with massive polyamine accumulation (primarily the diamine putrescine), due to the increase in arginine decarboxylase activity and a ... | 1996 | 12226449 |
| developmental and hormonal regulation of rice [alpha]-amylase(ramy1a)-gusa fusion genes in transgenic rice seeds. | transgenic seeds of rice (oryza sativa l.) were used to investigate temporal, spatial, and hormonal regulation of a rice [alpha]-amylase gene, ramy1a. two overlapping segments of the ramy1a promoter were fused to the coding region of the bacterial reporter gene, gusa. the resulting promoter-gusa fusions, pe4/gus (-232 to +31) and ph4/gus (-748 to +31), were used separately to transform rice protoplasts. [beta]-glucuronidase (gus) activity was detected in germinated transgenic seeds, although the ... | 1995 | 12228339 |
| seed dormancy in red rice (oryza sativa) (ix. embryo fructose-2,6-bisphosphate during dormancy breaking and subsequent germination). | fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (fru-2,6-bisp) was evaluated as a potential marker for the dormancy-breaking phase or the germination phase before pericarp splitting in red rice (oryza sativa). during 4 h of imbibition at 30[deg]c, fru-2,6-bisp of dehulled dormant and nondormant seeds increased to 0.26 and 0.38 pmol embryo-1, respectively. in nondormant seeds, embryo fru-2,6-bisp content remained stable until the onset of pericarp splitting (12 h) and increased rapidly thereafter. in dormant seeds, fr ... | 1995 | 12228440 |
| salicylic acid in rice (biosynthesis, conjugation, and possible role). | salicylic acid (sa) is a natural inducer of disease resistance in some dicotyledonous plants. rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.) had the highest levels of sa among all plants tested for sa content (between 0.01 and 37.19 [mu]g/g fresh weight). the second leaf of rice seedlings had slightly lower sa levels than any younger leaves. to investigate the role of sa in rice disease resistance, we examined the levels of sa in rice (cv m-201) after inoculation with bacterial and fungal pathogens. sa levels ... | 1995 | 12228500 |
| characterization and physiological function of class i low-molecular-mass, heat-shock protein complex in soybean. | examination of an ammonium sulfate-enriched fraction (70-100% saturation) of heat-shock proteins (hsps) by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a high molecular mass complex (280 kd) in soybean (glycine max) seedlings. this complex cross-reacted with antibodies raised against soybean class i low-molecular-mass (lmw) hsps. dissociation of the complex by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the complex to contain at least 15 polypeptides of the ... | 1995 | 12228501 |
| effect of anoxia on carbohydrate metabolism in rice seedlings. | the metabolism of carbohydrates was investigated in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings grown under anoxia. two phases can be recognized in the utilization of carbohydrates: during the first days of germination under anoxia, the metabolism of sugars is mainly degradative, whereas after the induction of [alpha]-amylase (ec 3.2.1.1) has taken place, the increased presence of glucose and sucrose indicates that both starch degradation and sucrose synthesis operate. the analysis of the enzymes involved ... | 1995 | 12228505 |
| diurnal regulation of leaf blade elongation in rice by co2 (is it related to sucrose-phosphate synthase activity?). | the relationship between leaf blade elongation rates (ler) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (sps) activity was investigated at different times during ontogeny of rice (oryza sativa l. cv jarrah) grown in flooded soil at either 350 or 700 [mu]l co2 l-1. high co2 concentrations increased ler of expanding blades and in vivo activity (vlimiting) sps activity of expanded blades during the early vegetative stage (21 d after planting [dap]), when tiller number was small and growing blades were strong car ... | 1995 | 12228556 |
| the bean seed storage protein [beta]-phaseolin is synthesized, processed, and accumulated in the vacuolar type-ii protein bodies of transgenic rice endosperm. | the seed storage protein [beta]-phaseolin of the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) was expressed in the endosperm of transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants. the 5.1- or 1.8-kb promoter fragment of the rice seed storage protein glutelin gt1 gene was fused transcriptionally to either the genomic or cdna coding sequence of the [beta]-phaseolin gene. the highest quantity of phaseolin estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 4.0% of the total endosperm protein in the transgenic rice see ... | 1995 | 12228632 |
| amylolytic activities in cereal seeds under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. | an adequate carbohydrate supply contributes to the survival of seeds under conditions of limited oxygen availability. the amount of soluble, readily fermentable carbohydrates in dry cereal seeds is usually very limited, with starch representing the main storage compound. starch breakdown during the germination of cereal seeds is the result of the action of hydrolytic enzymes and only through the concerted action of [alpha]-amylase (ec 3.2.1.1), [beta]-amylase (ec 3.2.1.2), debranching enzyme (ec ... | 0 | 12228653 |
| morphometric analysis of rice seed protein bodies (implication for a significant contribution of prolamine to the total protein content of rice endosperm). | electron microscopic observation of thin sections of rice (oryza sativa l.) endosperm revealed two types of protein bodies (pbs): spherical and irregular-shaped ones. immunocytochemical localization studies using antibodies raised against purified glutelins, prolamines, and globulins indicated that the prolamines were localized in the spherical pb, whereas the irregular-shaped pb contained glutelins and globulins. we counted and measured the surface area and the relative volume of 2303 pbs rando ... | 1995 | 12228685 |
| constitutive and inducible aerobic and anaerobic stress proteins in the echinochloa complex and rice. | anaerobic stress resulted in a change in the protein accumulation patterns in shoots of several echinochloa (barnyard grass) species and oryza sativa (l.) (rice) as resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. of the six echinochloa species investigated, e. phyllopogon (stev.) koss, e. muricata (beauv.) fern, e. oryzoides (ard.) fritsch clayton, and e. crus-galli (l.) beauv. are tolerant of anaerobiosis and germinate in the absence of oxygen, as does rice. in contrast, e. crus-pavonis (h.b.k ... | 1993 | 12231678 |
| changes in the content of two glutamate synthase proteins in spikelets of rice (oryza sativa) plants during ripening. | nitrogen accumulation in the apical spikelets on the primary branches of the main stem of rice plants have been studied during the ripening process (0-35 d after flowering). the level of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase (gogat) protein and activity increased 4- and 6-fold, respectively, in the first 15 d after flowering. maximum levels of nadh-gogat were found at that time when the spikelets had just begun to increase in dry weight and to accumulate storage proteins. subsequently, both the leve ... | 1993 | 12231780 |
| purification and characterization of membrane-bound inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase c from suspension-cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells (identification of a regulatory factor). | a membrane-bound inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase c was solubilized from rice (oryza sativa l.) microsomal membranes and purified to apparent homogeneity using a series of chromatographic separations. the apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 42,000 d, and the isoelectric point was 5.1. the optimum ph for the enzyme activity was approximately 6.5, and the enzyme was activated by both ca2+ and sr2+. the c ... | 1993 | 12231806 |
| metabolism and biological activity of gibberellin a4 in vegetative shoots of zea mays, oryza sativa, and arabidopsis thaliana. | [17-13c,3h]gibberellin a4 (ga4) was injected into the shoots of tall (w23/l317), dwarf-1 (d1), and dwarf-5 (d5) zea mays l. (maize); tall (cv nipponbare), dwarf-x (dx), and dwarf-y (dy) oryza sativa l. (rice); and tall (ecotype landsberg erecta), ga4, and ga5 arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. [13c]ga4 and its metabolites were identified from the shoots by full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and kovats retention indices. ga4 was metabolized to ga1 in all nine genotypes. ga4 was also met ... | 1993 | 12231829 |
| ammonium uptake by rice roots (i. fluxes and subcellular distribution of 13nh4+). | the time course of 13nh4+ uptake and the distribution of 13nh4+ among plant parts and subcellular compartments was determined for 3-week-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv m202) plants grown hydroponically in modified johnson's nutrient solution containing 2,100, or 1000 [mu]m nh4+ (referred to hereafter as g2, g100, or g1000 plants, respectively). at steady state, the influx of 13nh4+ was determined to be 1.31, 5.78, and 10.11 [mu]mol g-1 fresh weight h-1, respectively, for g2, g100, and g1000 plants ... | 1993 | 12232017 |
| ammonium uptake by rice roots (ii. kinetics of 13nh4+ influx across the plasmalemma). | short-term influxes of 13nh4+ were measured in intact roots of 3-week-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv m202) seedlings that were hydroponically grown at 2, 100, or 1000 [mu]m nh4+. below 1 mm external concentration ([nh4+]0), influx was saturable and due to a high-affinity transport system (hats). for the hats, vmax values were negatively correlated and km values were positively correlated with nh4+ provision during growth and root [nh4+]. between 1 and 40 mm [nh4+]0, 13nh4+ influx showed a linear r ... | 1993 | 12232018 |
| involvement of phenolic esters in cell aggregation of suspension-cultured rice cells. | fluorescence microscopy of rice (oryza sativa l.) callus sections showed that all of the walls fluoresced blue in water (ph 5.8) and green in ammonia (ph 10.0), both characteristics of feruloyl esters. such fluorescence in the walls of cells cultured in gamborg's b5 medium was much stronger than that in amino acid (aa) medium. laser scanning microscopy showed that the level of fluorescence was higher in the intercellular layer, especially at corner junctions between cells, suggesting that feruli ... | 1994 | 12232068 |
| development of desiccation tolerance during embryogenesis in rice (oryza sativa) and wild rice (zizania palustris) (dehydrin expression, abscisic acid content, and sucrose accumulation). | the ability of seeds to withstand desiccation develops during embryogenesis and differs considerably among species. paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) grains readily survive dehydration to as low as 2% water content, whereas north american wild rice (zizania palustris var interior [fasset] dore) grains are not tolerant of water contents below 6% and are sensitive to drying and imbibition conditions. during embryogenesis, dehydrin proteins, abscisic acid (aba), and saccharides are synthesized, and all ... | 1994 | 12232094 |
| cuticle biosynthesis in rapidly growing internodes of deepwater rice. | submergence induces rapid elongation of deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.) internodes. this adaptive feature allows deepwater rice to grow out of the water and to survive flooding. the growth response of submerged deepwater rice plants is, ultimately, elicited by gibberellin (ga). little attention has been given to the synthesis and role of the cuticle during plant growth. we investigated two questions regarding the cuticle in rapidly elongating deepwater rice internodes: (a) how does cuticle form ... | 1994 | 12232121 |
| ammonium uptake by rice roots (iii. electrophysiology). | the transmembrane electrical potential differences ([delta][psi]) were measured in epidermal and cortical cells of intact roots of 3-week-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv m202) seedlings grown in 2 or 100 [mu]m nh4+ (g2 or g100 plants, respectively). in modified johnson's nutrient solution containing no nitrogen, [delta][psi] was in the range of -120 to -140 mv. introducing nh4+ to the bathing medium caused a rapid depolarization. at the steady state, average [delta][psi] of g2 and g100 plants were ... | 1994 | 12232135 |
| responses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, cytochrome f, and sucrose synthesis enzymes in rice leaves to leaf nitrogen and their relationships to photosynthesis. | the photosynthetic gas-exchange rates and various biochemical components of photosynthesis, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) content, cytochrome (cyt) f content, and the activities of two sucrose synthesis enzymes, were examined in young, fully expanded leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.) grown hydroponically in different nitrogen concentrations. the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis at an intercellular co2 pressure of 20 pa (co2-limited photosynthesis) was linearly de ... | 1994 | 12232197 |
| ultraviolet-b-responsive anthocyanin production in a rice cultivar is associated with a specific phase of phenylalanine ammonia lyase biosynthesis. | seedlings of 17 rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars were classified on the basis of anthocyanin pigmentation into three groups: an acyanic group with 9 cultivars, a moderately cyanic group with 5 cultivars, and a cyanic group with 3 cultivars. seedlings of the cyanic group were deep purple in color, possessing copious amounts of anthocyanin in shoots. sunlight (sl)-mediated anthocyanin and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) induction in a cyanic cultivar, purple puttu, was compared with an acyanic c ... | 1994 | 12232265 |
| effects of growth temperature on the responses of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase, electron transport components, and sucrose synthesis enzymes to leaf nitrogen in rice, and their relationships to photosynthesis. | effects of growth temperature on the photosynthetic gas-exchange rates and their underlying biochemical properties were examined in young, fully expanded leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.). the plants were grown hydroponically under day/night temperature regimes of 18/15[deg]c, 23/18[deg]c, and 30/23[deg]c and all photosynthetic measurements were made at a leaf temperature of 25[deg]c and an irradiance of 1800 [mu]mol quanta m-2 s-1. growth temperature affected the photosynthetic co2 response curv ... | 1994 | 12232279 |
| structure and function of the golgi complex in rice cells (ii. purification and characterization of golgi membrane-bound nucleoside diphosphatase). | inosine diphosphatase bound to golgi membranes was studied in rice (oryza sativa l. cv nipponkai) cells. the enzyme was solubilized with triton x-100 from isolated rice golgi membranes and was highly purified employing a series of chromatography steps in the presence of 20% glycerol and 0.1% triton x-100. the apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated by gel filtration column chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 200 and 55 kd, respectively. ... | 1994 | 12232309 |
| rice triosephosphate isomerase gene 5[prime] sequence directs [beta]-glucuronidase activity in transgenic tobacco but requires an intron for expression in rice. | in rice (oryza sativa l.), cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) is encoded by a single gene. tpi catalyzes a vital step in glycolysis, and rna blots showed that the tpi gene is expressed in all vegetative tissues (root, culm, and leaves) and in rice suspension cells. no effect of light on expression was detected, but submergence of rice seedlings resulted in elevated levels of tpi mrna in roots and culms. the 2767-bp 5[prime] upstream sequence of the tpi gene was fused translationally with ... | 1994 | 12232342 |
| differential transcript levels of genes associated with glycolysis and alcohol fermentation in rice plants (oryza sativa l.) under submergence stress. | expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in specialized metabolic pathways is assumed to be regulated coordinately to maintain homeostasis in plant cells. we analyzed transcript levels of rice (oryza sativa l.) genes associated with glycolysis and alcohol fermentation under submergence stress. when each transcript was quantified at several times, two types (i and ii) of mrna accumulation were observed in response to submergence stress. transcripts of type i genes reached a maximum after 24 ... | 1994 | 12232382 |
| the metabolism of gibberellin a20 to gibberellin a1 by tall and dwarf mutants of oryza sativa and arabidopsis thaliana. | the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the metabolism of gibberellin a20 (ga20) to gibberellin a1 (ga1) by tall and mutant shoots of rice (oryza sativa l.) and arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. the data show that the tall and dx mutant of rice and the tall and ga5 mutant of arabidopsis metabolize ga20 to ga1. the data also show that the dy mutant of rice and the ga4 mutant of arabidopsis block the metabolism of ga20 to ga1. [17-13c,3h]ga20 was fed to tall and the dwarf mutants, dx and dy, o ... | 1994 | 12232414 |
| identification of posttranslationally modified 18-kilodalton protein from rice as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a. | using anther-derived rice (oryza sativa l.) cell-suspension cultures, we have identified an 18-kd protein that is posttranslationally modified by spermidine and is influenced by endogenous polyamine levels. the posttranslationally modified residue has been identified as the unusual amino acid hypusine [n[epsilon]-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine] by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry analyses. differential labeling of the protein with labe ... | 1994 | 12232418 |
| expression of the enzymes of nitrate reduction during the anaerobic germination of rice. | during the anaerobic germination of rice (oryza sativa l.), nitrate is translocated from the caryopsis and assimilated into the coleoptile (r. reggiani, m. mattana, n. aurisano, a. bertani [1993] plant cell physiol 34: 379-383). using antibodies against nitrate and nitrite reductases, proteins with the expected molecular mass were recognized by western blot analysis in extracts from 8-d-old rice coleoptiles. both enzymes are de novo synthesized in 6- to 8-d-old seedlings, as shown by immunopreci ... | 1994 | 12232434 |
| fourier-transform raman and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (an investigation of five higher plant cell walls and their components). | infrared and raman spectra of sequentially extracted primary cell walls and their pectic polymers were obtained from five angiosperm plants. fourier-transform raman spectrometry was shown to be a powerful tool for the investigation of primary cell-wall architecture at a molecular level, providing complementary information to that obtained by fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. the use of an extraction procedure using imidazole instead of cyclohexane trans-1,2-n,n,n[prime],n[prime]-diam ... | 1994 | 12232436 |
| correlation of cytokinin levels in the endosperms and roots with cell number and cell division activity during endosperm development in rice. | cell number and cell division activity in rice (oryza sativa) endosperms are possibly regulated by cytokinin levels in the endosperm and its source in the roots. this study tried to find the possible correlations among them. six rice genotypes were grown in nutrient solution. two patterns of endosperm cell division, synchronous and asynchronous, were observed among the genotypes based on the cell division rate of superior and inferior spikelets. contents of zeatin (z) + zeatin riboside (zr) were ... | 2002 | 12234149 |
| identification and characterization of a novel u14 small nucleolar rna gene cluster in oryza sativa. | small nucleolar rnas (snornas) are required for ribose 2'-o-methylation of eukaryotic ribosomal rna. through computer search in international rice genome database, a novel u14 snorna gene cluster, consisting of two u14 snorna gene candidates, was found on rice chromosome ii. they both have box c/d sequences and a 14 nucleotides (nt)-long complementarity to rice 18s ribosomal rna (rrna). functional analysis of this gene cluster indicated that both were transcribed in vivo and might guide the meth ... | 2002 | 12234680 |
| characterization of dna polymerase delta from a higher plant, rice (oryza sativa l.). | dna polymerase delta (pol delta), which is comprised of at least two essential subunits, is an important enzyme involved in dna replication and repair. we have cloned and characterized both the catalytic and small subunits of pol delta from rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare). the open reading frames of ospoldelta1 and delta2 encoded a predicted product of 1105 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 124 kda for ospoldelta1, and of 429 residues with a molecular weight of 48 kda for ospo ... | 2002 | 12242007 |
| characterization of transposable elements in the genome of rice (oryza sativa l.) using representational difference analysis (rda). | representational difference analysis was applied to characterize genomic differentiations between rice ( oryza sativa) and foxtail millet ( setaria italica) and subsequently to identify rice transposable elements. rice was used as the tester and millet as the driver. a total of eleven, non-redundant, positive clones were isolated from the library. their analysis revealed that they all represent dispersed repetitive dna sequences. in addition, homology searches using the blast procedure showed th ... | 2002 | 12242506 |
| marker-assisted introgression of quantitative trait loci associated with plant regeneration ability in anther culture of rice (oryza sativa l.). | a marker-assisted selection (mas) breeding program was used to improve the plant regenerability of indica rice. a significant quantitative trait loci (qtl) that is associated with the capacity for green plant regeneration in the anther culture of rice was mapped on chromosome 10 using recombinant inbred (ri) population from milyang 23/gihobyeo. the marker that was chosen to follow the qtl region was used in mas. this marker co-segregated with the regeneration ability in f2 individuals that were ... | 2002 | 12243348 |
| rice phosphate transporters include an evolutionarily divergent gene specifically activated in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. | using a genome-wide approach, we asked how many transporter genes contribute to symbiotic phosphate uptake and analyzed their evolutionary conservation. considering the sequenced rice genome at hand, only the oryza sativa phosphate transporter (ospt) gene ospt11 was specifically induced during the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. this induction was confined to the root system and was tightly correlated with the degree of root colonization by glomus intraradices. ospt11 activation was independen ... | 2002 | 12271140 |
| purification and characterization of beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase from rice seeds. | n-acetyl-beta-d-hexosaminidase (beta-hexnac'ase) (ec 3.2.1.52) was purified from rice seeds (oryza sativa l. var. dongjin) using ammonium sulfate (80%) precipitation, sephadex g-150, cm-sephadex, and deae-sephadex chromatography, sequentially. the activities were separated into 7 fractions (fsub1;- f7sub7) by cm-sephadex chromatography. among them, f6 was further purified to homogeneity with a 13.0% yield and 123.3 purification-fold. the molecular mass was estimated to be about 52 kda on sds-pag ... | 2002 | 12297015 |
| protective role of exogenous polyamines on salinity-stressed rice (oryza sativa) plants. | salt-tolerant pokkali rice plants accumulate higher polyamines (pas) such as spermidine (spd) and spermine (spm) in response to salinity stress, while the sensitive cultivarm-1-48 is unable to maintain high titres of these pas under similar conditions. the effects of the triamine spd and the tetramine spm on physiological and biochemical changes in 12-day-old rice seedlings were investigated during salinity stress to determine whether they could protect the sensitive plants from stress effects. ... | 2002 | 12354195 |
| physiological functions of the water-water cycle (mehler reaction) and the cyclic electron flow around psi in rice leaves. | changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, p700(+)-absorbance and gas exchange during the induction phase and steady state of photosynthesis were simultaneously examined in rice (oryza sativa l.), including the rbcs antisense plants. the quantum yield of photosystem ii (phipsii) increased more rapidly than co(2) assimilation in 20% o(2). this rapid increase in phipsii resulted from the electron flux through the water-water cycle (wwc) because of its dependency on o(2). the electron flux of wwc reached ... | 2002 | 12354919 |
| phenylboronic acid--a potent inhibitor of lipase from oryza sativa. | the kinetics of inhibition of rice bran lipase (rbl) by phenylboronic acid (pba) was studied to elucidate the nature of inhibition and the effect of the inhibitor on the structure-function of rbl. the effectiveness of an inhibitor is normally expressed by the constant k(i), which is calculated from the lineweaver-burk plot and found to be 1.7 mm at ph 7.4. the kinetics of inhibition by pba was competitive, indicating the presence of serine in the active site of the enzyme. the loss of activity o ... | 2002 | 12358477 |
| proteomic analysis of rice leaves during drought stress and recovery. | three-week old plants of rice (oryza sativa l. cv ct9993 and cv ir62266) developed gradual water stress over 23 days of transpiration without watering, during which period the mid-day leaf water potential declined to approximately -2.4 mpa, compared with approximately -1.0 mpa in well-watered controls. more than 1000 protein spots that were detected in leaf extracts by proteomic analysis showed reproducible abundance within replications. of these proteins, 42 spots showed a significant change in ... | 2002 | 12362332 |
| proteomic characterization of wheat amyloplasts using identification of proteins by tandem mass spectrometry. | we describe the initial characterization of the wheat amyloplast proteome, consisting of the identification and classification of 171 proteins. whole amyloplasts and purified amyloplast membranes were prepared from wheat (triticum aestivum). protein extracts were examined by one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis, followed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of separated proteins. tandem mass spectrometry data of individual peptides was then searched b ... | 2002 | 12362334 |
| evaluation of proteome reference maps for cross-species identification of proteins by peptide mass fingerprinting. | we tested whether proteome reference maps established for one species can be used for cross-species protein identification by comparing two-dimensional protein gel patterns and protein identification data of two closely related bacterial strains and four plant species. first, proteome profiles of two strains of the fully sequenced bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti were compared as an example of close relatedness, high reproducibility and sequence availability. secondly, the proteome profiles of t ... | 2002 | 12362347 |
| long terminal repeat retrotransposons of oryza sativa. | long terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposons constitute a major fraction of the genomes of higher plants. for example, retrotransposons comprise more than 50% of the maize genome and more than 90% of the wheat genome. ltr retrotransposons are believed to have contributed significantly to the evolution of genome structure and function. the genome sequencing of selected experimental and agriculturally important species is providing an unprecedented opportunity to view the patterns of variation exis ... | 2002 | 12372141 |
| long-term fate of the herbicide cinosulfuron in lysimeters planted with rice over four consecutive years. | in order to elucidate the long-term fate of the sulfonylurea herbicide cinosulfuron, the 14c-labelled chemical was applied to a clay loam soil, encased in two lysimeters, 22 days after rice (oryza sativa l.) transplanting, and rice plants were grown for four consecutive years. throughout the experimental period, leaching through soil profiles, absorption and translocation by rice plants, and distribution of 14c by downward movement in the soil layers were clarified. the total volume of leachates ... | 2002 | 12375864 |
| inventory and functional characterization of the hak potassium transporters of rice. | plants take up large amounts of k(+) from the soil solution and distribute it to the cells of all organs, where it fulfills important physiological functions. transport of k(+) from the soil solution to its final destination is mediated by channels and transporters. to better understand k(+) movements in plants, we intended to characterize the function of the large kt-hak-kup family of transporters in rice (oryza sativa cv nipponbare). by searching in databases and cdna cloning, we have identifi ... | 2002 | 12376644 |
| tagging qtls for maximum root length in rainfed lowland rice (oryza sativa l.) using molecular markers. | a number of morphological, physiological and phenological traits are known to improve the performance of rice challenged by drought. root morphological traits and stress-induced response form important components of drought tolerance. enhancing grain yield remains the principal objective of most breeding programs. interaction between primary traits poses a formidable challenge while dealing with grain yield under stress. the evaluation of root morphology at three different growth stages and grai ... | 2002 | 12378237 |
| [effect of enhanced uv-b radiation on polyamine metabolism and endogenous hormone contents in rice (oryza sativa l.)]. | the results showed that the activities of agrinine decarboxylase(adc), ornithine decarboxylase(odc) and s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase(samdc) were increased by 165.74%, 104.60% and 89.60% in the leaves of shan you63(sy63) and by 59.91%, 41.30% and 23.68% in the leaves of nancheum(nc). only adc and odc activities were increase by 115.93%, 14.45%, but samdc activity was decreased by 33.01% in the leaves of ir65600-85 respectively in the exposure to enhanced uv-b radiation for 7-14 days. in lat ... | 2002 | 12385208 |
| [anther culture generated stem borer-resistance dh lines of minghui 81(oryza sativa l. subsp. indica) expressing modified cry1ac gene]. | 2600 anthers from t0 modified cry1 ac-transgenic rice lines of minghui 81, an elite restoring line of commercial cms indica hybrid rice, were cultured on sk3 media. 83 green plantlets were recovered, 43 double haploid (dh) and 40 haploid among them. results of pcr analyzes indicated that 55 plants of 83 were harbored the cry1ac gene, and the ratio of cry1ac-positive against cry1ac-negative was 2:1 (55/28). 36 putative transgenic dh plants were further confirmed by southern blot. elisa detection ... | 2002 | 12385240 |
| salt-tolerant atpase activity in the plasma membrane of the marine angiosperm zostera marina l. | plasma membrane (pm) h(+)-atpase and h(+) transport activity were detected in pm fractions prepared from zostera marina (a seagrass), vallisneria gigantea (a freshwater grass) and oryza sativa (rice, a terrestrial plant). the properties of z. marina pm h(+)-atpase, specifically, the optimal ph for atpase activity and the result of trypsin treatment, were similar to those of authentic pm h(+)-atpases in higher plants. in v. gigantea and o. sativa pm fractions, vanadate-sensitive (p-type) atpase a ... | 2002 | 12407193 |
| effects of fly ash and helminthosporium oryzae on growth and yield of three cultivars of rice. | a 120-day greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of various fly ash concentrations (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% vol/vol) with normal field soil and helminthosporium oryzae on the growth and yield of three cultivars (pusa basmati, pant-4 and pant-10) of rice, oryza sativa l. application of 20% and 40% fly ash with soil caused a significant increase in plant growth and yield of all the three cultivars. forty percent fly ash caused a higher increase in growth and yield than di ... | 2003 | 12421012 |
| alpha-galactosidase from cultured rice (oryza sativa l. var. nipponbare) cells. | the alpha-galactosidase from rice cell suspension cultures was purified to homogeneity by different techniques including affinity chromatography using n-epsilon-aminocaproyl-alpha-d-galactopyranosylamine as the ligand. from 11 l of culture filtrate, 28.7 mg of purified enzyme was obtained with an overall yield of 51.9%. the cdna coding for the alpha-galactosidase was cloned and sequenced. the enzyme was found to contain 417 amino acid residues composed of a 55 amino acid signal sequence and 362 ... | 2002 | 12423882 |
| isolation and characterization of a rice dwarf mutant with a defect in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. | we have isolated a new recessive dwarf mutant of rice (oryza sativa l. cv nipponbare). under normal growth conditions, the mutant has very short leaf sheaths; has short, curled, and frizzled leaf blades; has few tillers; and is sterile. longitudinal sections of the leaf sheaths revealed that the cell length along the longitudinal axis is reduced, which explains the short leaf sheaths. transverse sections of the leaf blades revealed enlargement of the motor cells along the dorsal-ventral axis, wh ... | 2002 | 12427982 |
| the procambium specification gene oshox1 promotes polar auxin transport capacity and reduces its sensitivity toward inhibition. | the auxin-inducible homeobox gene oshox1 of rice (oryza sativa) is a positive regulator of procambial cell fate commitment, and its overexpression reduces the sensitivity of polar auxin transport (pat) to the pat inhibitor 1-n-naphthylphthalamic acid (npa). here, we show that wild-type rice leaves formed under conditions of pat inhibition display vein hypertrophy, reduced distance between longitudinal veins, and increased distance between transverse veins, providing experimental evidence for a r ... | 2002 | 12428000 |
| expression of alpha-expansin and expansin-like genes in deepwater rice. | previously, we have studied the expression and regulation of four alpha- and 14 beta-expansin genes in deepwater rice (oryza sativa). we now report on the structure, expression, and regulation of 22 additional alpha-expansin (os-exp) genes, four expansin-like (os-expl) genes, and one expansin-related (os-expr) gene, which have recently been identified in the expressed sequence tag and genomic databases of rice. alpha-expansins are characterized by a series of conserved cys residues in the n-term ... | 2002 | 12428004 |
| characterization of the genes encoding the cytosolic and plastidial forms of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase in wheat endosperm. | in most species, the synthesis of adp-glucose (glc) by the enzyme adp-glc pyrophosphorylase (agpase) occurs entirely within the plastids in all tissues so far examined. however, in the endosperm of many, if not all grasses, a second form of agpase synthesizes adp-glc outside the plastid, presumably in the cytosol. in this paper, we show that in the endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum), the cytosolic form accounts for most of the agpase activity. using a combination of molecular and biochemical ... | 2002 | 12428011 |
| family business: the multidrug-resistance related protein (mrp) abc transporter genes in arabidopsis thaliana. | despite the completion of the sequencing of the entire genome of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh., the exact determination of each single gene and its function remains an open question. this is especially true for multigene families. an approach that combines analysis of genomic structure, expression data and functional genomics to ascertain the role of the members of the multidrug-resistance-related protein ( mrp) gene family, a subfamily of the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters from arab ... | 2002 | 12430019 |
| functional conservation of wheat and rice mlo orthologs in defense modulation to the powdery mildew fungus. | homologs of barley mlo are found in syntenic positions in all three genomes of hexaploid bread wheat, triticum aestivum, and in rice, oryza sativa. candidate wheat orthologs, designated tamlo-a1, tamlo-b1, and tamlo-d1, encode three distinct but highly related proteins that are 88% identical to barley mlo and appear to originate from the three diploid ancestral genomes of wheat. tamlo-b1 and the rice ortholog, osmlo2, are able to complement powdery mildew-resistant barley mlo mutants at the sing ... | 2002 | 12437305 |
| evolutionary relationships among rice species with aa genome based on sine insertion analysis. | previous studies based on morphological and molecular markers indicated that there are two cultivated and five wild rice species within the oryza genus with the aa genome. in the cultivated rice species, oryza sativa, a retroposon named p-sine1 has been identified. some of the p-sine1 members characterized previously showed interspecific insertion polymorphisms in the species with the aa genome. in this study, we identified new p-sine1 members showing interspecific insertion polymorphisms from r ... | 2002 | 12441643 |
| the genome sequence and structure of rice chromosome 1. | the rice species oryza sativa is considered to be a model plant because of its small genome size, extensive genetic map, relative ease of transformation and synteny with other cereal crops. here we report the essentially complete sequence of chromosome 1, the longest chromosome in the rice genome. we summarize characteristics of the chromosome structure and the biological insight gained from the sequence. the analysis of 43.3 megabases (mb) of non-overlapping sequence reveals 6,756 protein codin ... | 2002 | 12447438 |
| sequence and analysis of rice chromosome 4. | rice is the principal food for over half of the population of the world. with its genome size of 430 megabase pairs (mb), the cultivated rice species oryza sativa is a model plant for genome research. here we report the sequence analysis of chromosome 4 of o. sativa, one of the first two rice chromosomes to be sequenced completely. the finished sequence spans 34.6 mb and represents 97.3% of the chromosome. in addition, we report the longest known sequence for a plant centromere, a completely seq ... | 2002 | 12447439 |
| dyneins motor on in plants. | a recent report based on analysis of the arabidopsis genome suggested that angiosperms do not contain the dynein microtubule motor. however, examination of the whole genome shotgun sequence for rice (oryza sativa) has revealed that four dynein heavy chains are present in this monocot, indicating that the apparent lack of these sequences in arabidopsis is not a general feature of angiosperm genomic organization. these observations also suggest that, in contrast to an earlier proposal, flowering p ... | 2002 | 12453155 |
| molecular characterization of a salt-tolerant bacterial community in the rice rhizosphere. | the diversity of salt-tolerant bacteria present in the rhizosphere of oryza sativa was investigated. fourteen bacterial strains, isolated after enrichment in nitrogen-free, semi-solid medium and showing tolerance to 3% nacl, were analyzed by restriction patterns produced by amplified dna coding for 16s rdna (ardra) with enzymes sau3ai, alui and rsai which showed that they were represented by 4 ardra types. biodiversity among the 14 strains was also analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic dn ... | 2002 | 12455705 |
| african rice (oryza glaberrima): history and future potential. | the african species of rice (oryza glaberrima) was cultivated long before europeans arrived in the continent. at present, o. glaberrima is being replaced by the introduced asian species of rice, oryza sativa. some west african farmers, including the jola of southern senegal, still grow african rice for use in ritual contexts. the two species of rice have recently been crossed, producing a promising hybrid. | 2002 | 12461173 |
| search for and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in rice (oryza sativa, oryza rufipogon) and establishment of snp markers. | we searched for snps in 417 regions distributed throughout the genome of three oryza sativa ssp. japonica cultivars, two indica cultivars, and a wild rice (o. rufipogon). we found 2800 snps in approximately 250,000 aligned bases for an average of one snp every 89 bp, or one snp every 232 bp between two randomly selected strains. graphic representation of the frequency of snps along each chromosome showed uneven distribution of polymorphism-rich and -poor regions, but little obvious association w ... | 2002 | 12465716 |
| the complete sequence of the rice (oryza sativa l.) mitochondrial genome: frequent dna sequence acquisition and loss during the evolution of flowering plants. | the entire mitochondrial genome of rice (oryza sativa l.), a monocot plant, has been sequenced. it was found to comprise 490,520 bp, with an average g+c content of 43.8%. three rrna genes, 17 trna genes and five pseudo trna sequences were identified. in addition, eleven ribosomal protein genes and two pseudo ribosomal protein genes were found, which are homologous to 13 of the 16 genes for ribosomal proteins in the mitochondrial genome of the liverwort (marchantia polymorpha). a greater degree o ... | 2002 | 12471441 |
| isolation and characterization of two fructokinase cdna clones from rice. | two cdna clones, osfki and osfkii, encoding fructokinase (ec 2.7.1.4) were isolated from immature seeds of rice (oryza sativa l.) by pcr. osfki cdna encoded a deduced protein of 323 amino acids that was 59-71% identical to previously characterized plant fructokinases. in contrast, osfkii cdna encoded a deduced protein of 336 amino acids that shared only 64% amino acid identity with osfki. the deduced proteins both possessed an atp-binding motif and putative substrate recognition site sequences t ... | 2003 | 12475618 |