Publications

the cheater's high: the unexpected affective benefits of unethical behavior.	many theories of moral behavior assume that unethical behavior triggers negative affect. in this article, we challenge this assumption and demonstrate that unethical behavior can trigger positive affect, which we term a "cheater's high." across 6 studies, we find that even though individuals predict they will feel guilty and have increased levels of negative affect after engaging in unethical behavior (studies 1a and 1b), individuals who cheat on different problem-solving tasks consistently expe ...	2013	24000799
the temporo-parietal junction contributes to global gestalt perception-evidence from studies in chess experts.	in a recent neuroimaging study the comparison of intact vs. disturbed perception of global gestalt indicated a significant role of the temporo-parietal junction (tpj) in the intact perception of global gestalt (huberle and karnath, 2012). this location corresponded well with the areas known to be damaged or impaired in patients with simultanagnosia after stroke or due to neurodegenerative diseases. it was concluded that the tpj plays an important role in the integration of individual items to a ...	2013	24009574
predictive modeling of addiction lapses in a mobile health application.	the chronically relapsing nature of alcoholism leads to substantial personal, family, and societal costs. addiction-comprehensive health enhancement support system (a-chess) is a smartphone application that aims to reduce relapse. to offer targeted support to patients who are at risk of lapses within the coming week, a bayesian network model to predict such events was constructed using responses on 2,934 weekly surveys (called the weekly check-in) from 152 alcohol-dependent individuals who recen ...	2014	24035143
a prototype direct-detection ccd for protein crystallography.	the fabrication and testing of a prototype deep-depletion direct-conversion x-ray ccd detector are described. the device is fabricated on 600 µm-thick high-resistivity silicon, with 24 × 24 µm pixels in a 4k × 4k pixel format. calibration measurements and the results of initial protein crystallography experiments at the cornell high energy synchrotron source (chess) f1 beamline are described, as well as suggested improvements for future versions of the detector.	2013	24046505
the ergonomics of dishonesty: the effect of incidental posture on stealing, cheating, and traffic violations.	research in environmental sciences has found that the ergonomic design of human-made environments influences thought, feeling, and action. in the research reported here, we examined the impact of physical environments on dishonest behavior. in four studies, we tested whether certain bodily configurations-or postures-incidentally imposed by the environment led to increases in dishonest behavior. the first three experiments showed that individuals who assumed expansive postures (either consciously ...	2013	24068113
effective connectivity reveals strategy differences in an expert calculator.	mathematical reasoning is a core component of cognition and the study of experts defines the upper limits of human cognitive abilities, which is why we are fascinated by peak performers, such as chess masters and mental calculators. here, we investigated the neural bases of calendrical skills, i.e. the ability to rapidly identify the weekday of a particular date, in a gifted mental calculator who does not fall in the autistic spectrum, using functional mri. graph-based mapping of effective conne ...	2013	24086291
possible role of an error detection mechanism in brain processing of deception: pet-fmri study.	to investigate brain maintenance of deliberate deception the positron emission tomography and the event related functional mri studies were performed. we used an experimental paradigm that presupposed free choices between equally beneficial deceptive or honest actions. experimental task simulated the "cheat" card game which aims to defeat an opponent by sequential deceptive and honest claims. results of both the pet and the fmri studies revealed that execution of both deliberately deceptive and ...	2013	24100194
exploring the brains of baduk (go) experts: gray matter morphometry, resting-state functional connectivity, and graph theoretical analysis.	one major characteristic of experts is intuitive judgment, which is an automatic process whereby patterns stored in memory through long-term training are recognized. indeed, long-term training may influence brain structure and function. a recent study revealed that chess experts at rest showed differences in structure and functional connectivity (fc) in the head of caudate, which is associated with rapid best next-move generation. however, less is known about the structure and function of the br ...	2013	24106471
extracurricular interest as a resilience building block for children affected by parental hiv/aids.	parental illness and death due to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) impose challenges to children's psychological adjustment. positive psychology emphasizes individual's resilience in the face of adversity, trauma, and tragedy. limited data are available regarding the factors that can cultivate resilience of children affected by hiv/aids. this study aims to examine the role of extracurricular interest in strengthening resilience among children affected by ...	2014	24107136
the mechanisms and boundary conditions of the einstellung effect in chess: evidence from eye movements.	in a wide range of problem-solving settings, the presence of a familiar solution can block the discovery of better solutions (i.e., the einstellung effect). to investigate this effect, we monitored the eye movements of expert and novice chess players while they solved chess problems that contained a familiar move (i.e., the einstellung move), as well as an optimal move that was located in a different region of the board. when the einstellung move was an advantageous (but suboptimal) move, both t ...	2013	24124515
toward an evolutionary definition of cheating.	the term "cheating" is used in the evolutionary and ecological literature to describe a wide range of exploitative or deceitful traits. although many find this a useful short hand, others have suggested that it implies cognitive intent in a misleading way, and is used inconsistently. we provide a formal justification of the use of the term "cheat" from the perspective of an individual as a maximizing agent. we provide a definition for cheating that can be applied widely, and show that cheats can ...	2014	24131102
the impact of dopamine on aggression: an [18f]-fdopa pet study in healthy males.	cerebral dopamine (da) transmission is thought to be an important modulator for the development and occurrence of aggressive behavior. however, the link between aggression and da transmission in humans has not been investigated using molecular imaging and standardized behavioral tasks. we investigated aggression as a function of da transmission in a group of (n = 21) healthy male volunteers undergoing 6-[18f]-fluoro-l-dopa (fdopa)-positron emission tomography (pet) and a modified version of the ...	2013	24155295
bird brood parasitism.	for many animals, the effort to rear their young is considerable. in birds, this often includes building nests, incubating eggs, feeding the chicks, and protecting them from predators. perhaps for this reason, about 1% of birds (around 100 species) save themselves the effort and cheat instead. they are obligate brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other species and leaving the hosts or foster parents to rear the foreign chicks for them. some birds also cheat on individuals of the s ...	2013	24156805
case study in psychobiographical ethics.	this article addresses ethical issues relative to the conduct and reporting of psychobiographical research. the author's recent psychobiographical study of world chess champion bobby fischer (1943-2008) is used to illustrate particular ethical challenges and responses in six areas: (1) institutional review board (irb) evaluation and informed consent; (2) balancing objective research with respect for psychobiographical subject; (3) inviting subject or next-of-kin to read and comment on working dr ...	2013	24169418
effect of exercising while fasting on eating behaviors and food intake.	alternate day fasting combined with exercise is effective for weight loss.	2013	24176020
supporting nurses' decisions with a multi-attribute model for patient health evaluation.	nurses are required to make many important decisions, for instance on determining the level of the nursing problem, setting nursing diagnoses and interventions. the model presented in this paper is a tool for better and easier decision making is such situations. multi-attribute modeling of patients' basic living activities is used for evaluation and explanation of their health status. it offers also visualization and quantification of the data which facilitate decision making in the framework of ...	2012	24199115
recall of rapidly presented random chess positions is a function of skill.	a widely cited result asserts that experts' superiority over novices in recalling meaningful material from their domain of expertise vanishes when they are confronted with random material. a review of recent chess experiments in which random positions served as control material (presentation time between 3 and 10 sec) shows, however, that strong players generally maintain some superiority over weak players even with random positions, although the relative difference between skill levels is much ...	1996	24213863
solo hand surgery.	unassisted hand surgery is being undertaken by necessity for both elective and emergency cases, due to hospital resource restrictions. the authors outline the principles of local anesthesia, surgeon-controlled tourniquet techniques, and a number of new instruments which allow a surgeon to work in comfort and safety, unassisted. the traditional surgical instruments designed for the days when trained surgical assistants were available to hold them are no longer suitable. we are entering a new era ...	2005	24223015
chess improves cancer caregivers' burden and mood: results of an ehealth rct.	informal caregivers (family and friends) of people with cancer are often unprepared for their caregiving role, leading to increased burden or distress. comprehensive health enhancement support system (chess) is a web-based lung cancer information, communication, and coaching system for caregivers. this randomized trial reports the impact on caregiver burden, disruptiveness, and mood of providing caregivers access to chess versus the internet with a list of recommended lung cancer websites.	2014	24245838
self-serving altruism? the lure of unethical actions that benefit others.	in three experiments, we propose and find that individuals cheat more when others can benefit from their cheating and when the number of beneficiaries of wrongdoing increases. our results indicate that people use moral flexibility to justify their self-interested actions when such actions benefit others in addition to the self. namely, our findings suggest that when people's dishonesty would benefit others, they are more likely to view dishonesty as morally acceptable and thus feel less guilty a ...	2013	24273360
necessity is the mother of invention: video recording firsthand perspectives of critical medical procedures to make simulated training more effective.	the traditional apprenticeship model for training doctors requires ample opportunities in the clinic for trainees to learn core procedures under the supervision of skilled doctors. in this issue, kyser and colleagues document that the learning opportunities for residents to master certain core procedures, such as forceps and vacuum deliveries, are insufficient in many teaching hospitals. to address this serious problem, this author argues that learning techniques (i.e., deliberate practice and s ...	2014	24280862
fat signal suppression for coronary mra at 3t using a water-selective adiabatic t2 -preparation technique.	to improve fat saturation in coronary mra at 3t by using a spectrally selective adiabatic t2 -prep (wsa-t2 -prep).	2014	24285603
muscle nuclei remember to cheat death.		2013	24339150
cortical and hippocampal correlates of deliberation during model-based decisions for rewards in humans.	how do we use our memories of the past to guide decisions we've never had to make before? although extensive work describes how the brain learns to repeat rewarded actions, decisions can also be influenced by associations between stimuli or events not directly involving reward - such as when planning routes using a cognitive map or chess moves using predicted countermoves - and these sorts of associations are critical when deciding among novel options. this process is known as model-based decisi ...	2013	24339770
cooperation, quorum sensing, and evolution of virulence in staphylococcus aureus.	the virulence and fitness in vivo of the major human pathogen staphylococcus aureus are associated with a cell-to-cell signaling mechanism known as quorum sensing (qs). qs coordinates the production of virulence factors via the production and sensing of autoinducing peptide (aip) signal molecules by the agr locus. here we show, in a wax moth larva virulence model, that (i) qs in s. aureus is a cooperative social trait that provides a benefit to the local population of cells, (ii) agr mutants, wh ...	2014	24343650
expertise and processing distorted structure in chess.	a classic finding in research on human expertise and knowledge is that of enhanced memory for stimuli in a domain of expertise as compared to either stimuli outside that domain, or within-domain stimuli that have been degraded or distorted in some way. however, we do not understand how experts process degradation or distortion of stimuli within the expert domain (e.g., a face with the eyes, nose, and mouth in the wrong positions, or a chessboard with pieces placed randomly). focusing on the doma ...	2013	24348371
drug dealers' rational choices on which customers to rip-off.	drug dealers are infamous for overcharging customers and handing over less than owed. one reason rip-offs frequently occur is blackmarket participants have limited access to formal means of dispute resolution and, as such, are attractive prey. yet drug dealers do not cheat every customer. though this is implicitly understood in the literature, sparse theoretical attention has been given to which customers are ripped-off and why.	2014	24360891
synchrotron x-ray footprinting on tour.	synchrotron footprinting is a valuable technique in structural biology for understanding macromolecular solution-state structure and dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids. although an extremely powerful tool, there is currently only a single facility in the usa, the x28c beamline at the national synchrotron light source (nsls), dedicated to providing infrastructure, technology development and support for these studies. the high flux density of the focused white beam and variety of specialized e ...	2014	24365913
x-ray structure, thermodynamics, elastic properties and md simulations of cardiolipin/dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine mixed membranes.	cardiolipins (cls) are important biologically for their unique role in biomembranes that couple phosphorylation and electron transport like bacterial plasma membranes, chromatophores, chloroplasts and mitochondria. cls are often tightly coupled to proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. the first step in understanding the interaction of cl with proteins is to obtain the pure cl structure, and the structure of mixtures of cl with other lipids. in this work we use a variety of techniques t ...	2014	24378240
prospective associations of parental smoking, alcohol use, marital status, maternal satisfaction, and parental and childhood body mass index at 6.5 years with later problematic eating attitudes.	few studies have prospectively investigated whether early-life exposures are associated with pre-adolescent eating attitudes.	2014	24394456
cheating in high school: a comparison of behavior of students in the college prep and general curriculum.	a sampling of 1629 students, from 22 high schools, responded to questions regarding cheating in and outside of school. of this number, 515 were enrolled in the college prep and 744 in the general curriculum. more similarities than statistically significant differences were found in a comparison of their responses. from 25 to 75% of their peers were estimated to be cheaters. boys were more often guilty than girls. cheating in mathematics was most common. failure was the agreed upon punishment for ...	1972	24415334
100% classification accuracy considered harmful: the normalized information transfer factor explains the accuracy paradox.	the most widely spread measure of performance, accuracy, suffers from a paradox: predictive models with a given level of accuracy may have greater predictive power than models with higher accuracy. despite optimizing classification error rate, high accuracy models may fail to capture crucial information transfer in the classification task. we present evidence of this behavior by means of a combinatorial analysis where every possible contingency matrix of 2, 3 and 4 classes classifiers are depict ...	2014	24427282
fat-suppression techniques for 3-t mr imaging of the musculoskeletal system.	fat suppression is an important technique in musculoskeletal imaging to improve the visibility of bone-marrow lesions; evaluate fat in soft-tissue masses; optimize the contrast-to-noise ratio in magnetic resonance (mr) arthrography; better define lesions after administration of contrast material; and avoid chemical shift artifacts, primarily at 3-t mr imaging. high-field-strength (eg, 3-t) mr imaging has specific technical characteristics compared with lower-field-strength mr imaging that influe ...	2016	24428292
current issues in the evolutionary ecology of ant-plant symbioses.	ant-plant symbioses involve plants that provide hollow structures specialized for housing ants and often food to ants. in return, the inhabiting ants protect plants against herbivores and sometimes provide them with nutrients. here, we review recent advances in ant-plant symbioses, focusing on three areas. first, the nutritional ecology of plant-ants, which is based not only on plant-derived food rewards, but also on inputs from other symbiotic partners, in particular fungi and possibly bacteria ...	2014	24444030
efficacy of the core dna barcodes in identifying processed and poorly conserved plant materials commonly used in south african traditional medicine.	medicinal plants cover a broad range of taxa, which may be phylogenetically less related but morphologically very similar. such morphological similarity between species may lead to misidentification and inappropriate use. also the substitution of a medicinal plant by a cheaper alternative (e.g. other non-medicinal plant species), either due to misidentification, or deliberately to cheat consumers, is an issue of growing concern. in this study, we used dna barcoding to identify commonly used medi ...	2013	24453559
elementary school children's cheating behavior and its cognitive correlates.	elementary school children's cheating behavior and its cognitive correlates were investigated using a guessing game. children (n=95) between 8 and 12 years of age were asked to guess which side of the screen a coin would appear on and received rewards based on their self-reported accuracy. children's cheating behavior was measured by examining whether children failed to adhere to the game rules by falsely reporting their accuracy. children's theory-of-mind understanding and executive functioning ...	2014	24464240
efficient universal blind quantum computation.	we give a cheat sensitive protocol for blind universal quantum computation that is efficient in terms of computational and communication resources: it allows one party to perform an arbitrary computation on a second party's quantum computer without revealing either which computation is performed, or its input and output. the first party's computational capabilities can be extremely limited: she must only be able to create and measure single-qubit superposition states. the second party is not req ...	2013	24476238
an experimental test of whether cheating is context dependent.	microbial cells rely on cooperative behaviours that can breakdown as a result of exploitation by cheats. recent work on cheating in microbes, however, has produced examples of populations benefiting from the presence of cheats and/or cooperative behaviours being maintained despite the presence of cheats. these observations have been presented as evidence for selection favouring cheating at the population level. this apparent contradiction arises when cheating is defined simply by the reduced exp ...	2014	24480013
seizures induced by music.	musicogenic epilepsy is a rare disorder. much remains to be learned about the electroclinical features. this report describes a patient who has been followed at our institution for 17 years, and was investigated with long-term telemetered simultaneous video-eeg recordings. she began to have seizures at the age of 10 years. she experienced complex partial seizures, often preceded by elementary auditory hallucination and complex auditory illusion. the seizures occurred in relation to singing, list ...	1993	24487138
flour pads: devices to improve chess fat suppression.	we compared the suppression of lingering fat signals in chemical shift selective (chess) images by pads filled with flour and pads filled with rice in a phantom and human subjects.	2014	24492741
lead serum levels in opium-dependent individuals.	drug abuse, especially opium abuse, is a major public health problem in iran. recent reports suggest that opium sellers cheat their customers by adding lead to the opium. contaminated opium can threaten the health of consumers. the present study aimed to compare the serum level of lead between opium dependents and a control group.	2009	24494092
uranium perturbs signaling and iron uptake response in arabidopsis thaliana roots.	uranium is a natural element which is mainly redistributed in the environment due to human activity, including accidents and spillages. plants may be useful in cleaning up after incidents, although little is yet known about the relationship between metal speciation and plant response. here, j-chess modeling was used to predict u speciation and exposure conditions affecting u bioavailability for plants. the model was confirmed by exposing arabidopsis thaliana plants to u under hydroponic conditio ...	2014	24549117
the geometry of expertise.	theories of expertise based on the acquisition of chunk and templates suggest a differential geometric organization of perception between experts and novices. it is implied that expert representation is less anchored by spatial (euclidean) proximity and may instead be dictated by the intrinsic relation in the structure and grammar of the specific domain of expertise. here we set out to examine this hypothesis. we used the domain of chess which has been widely used as a tool to study human expert ...	2014	24550869
disturbed eating tendency and related factors in grade four to six elementary school students in taiwan.	this study investigated taiwanese elementary school students' status in terms of body size, body satisfaction and disturbed eating tendencies.	2014	24561979
functional organization of intrinsic connectivity networks in chinese-chess experts.	the functional architecture of the human brain has been extensively described in terms of functional connectivity networks, detected from the low-frequency coherent neuronal fluctuations during a resting state condition. accumulating evidence suggests that the overall organization of functional connectivity networks is associated with individual differences in cognitive performance and prior experience. such an association raises the question of how cognitive expertise exerts an influence on the ...	2014	24565926
diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging of the head and neck using 3-t mri: investigation into the usefulness of liquid perfluorocarbon pads and choice of optimal fat suppression method.	to investigate whether image quality can be improved using liquid perfluorocarbon pads (sat pad) and clarify the optimal fat-suppression method among chemical shift selective (chess), water excitation (wex), and short ti inversion recovery (stir) methods in diffusion-weighted imaging (dwi) of the head and neck using 3-t magnetic resonance imaging. correlations between results of visual inspection and quantitative analysis were also examined.	2014	24582547
the meaning of "significance" for different types of research [translated and annotated by eric-jan wagenmakers, denny borsboom, josine verhagen, rogier kievit, marjan bakker, angelique cramer, dora matzke, don mellenbergh, and han l. j. van der maas]. 1969.	adrianus dingeman de groot (1914-2006) was one of the most influential dutch psychologists. he became famous for his work "thought and choice in chess", but his main contribution was methodological--de groot co-founded the department of psychological methods at the university of amsterdam (together with r. f. van naerssen), founded one of the leading testing and assessment companies (cito), and wrote the monograph "methodology" that centers on the empirical-scientific cycle: observation-inductio ...	2014	24589374
near-realistic mobile exergames with wireless wearable sensors.	exergaming is expanding as an option for sedentary behavior in childhood/adult obesity and for extra exercise for gamers. this paper presents the development process for a mobile active sports exergame with near-realistic motions through the usage of body-wearable sensors. the process begins by collecting a dataset specifically targeted to mapping real-world activities directly to the games, then, developing the recognition system in a fashion to produce an enjoyable game. the classification alg ...	2014	24608050
[postoperative radiation therapy for a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta: case report].	osteogenesis imperfecta is an unusual disease also called lobstein disease. characterized by abnormalities of collagen biosynthesis, a possible mutation on 17th chromosome is described. on the other hand, 29% of breast cancers present a mutation on the same chromosome. nevertheless, the association of osteogenesis imperfecta and breast cancer is at the moment unknown. therapeutic management is very difficult because of a loss in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase for patients having osteogenesis im ...	2014	24629322
predictors of online health information seeking among women with breast cancer: the role of social support perception and emotional well-being.	this study attempts to examine the role of social support perception and emotional well-being on online information seeking among cancer patients within the context of chess, a well-established interactive cancer communication system (iccs). factor and regression analyses conducted among 231 breast cancer patients revealed that social support perception and emotional well-being interacted with each other to influence online health information seeking. patients with low social support perception ...	2013	24634575
divorce and infidelity are associated with skewed adult sex ratios in birds.	adult sex ratio (asr) is a fundamental concept in population demography, and recent theory suggests that asr plays a central role in social behavior, mating systems, and parental care. unbalanced asrs are predicted to influence pair-bond and mating behavior, since the rarer sex in the population has more potential partners to mate with than the more common sex. here we use phylogenetic comparative analyses to test whether asr is related to three major aspects of mating behavior: divorce, social ...	2014	24656831
a smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: a randomized clinical trial.	patients leaving residential treatment for alcohol use disorders are not typically offered evidence-based continuing care, although research suggests that continuing care is associated with better outcomes. a smartphone-based application could provide effective continuing care.	2014	24671165
effects of promoting longer-term and exclusive breastfeeding on childhood eating attitudes: a cluster-randomized trial.	observational studies suggest that breastfeeding benefits later maternal child-feeding practices, which in turn may contribute to positive eating attitudes. we investigated the effect of a randomized intervention to increase duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding on pre-adolescent eating attitudes.	2014	24706729
expertise and the representation of space.		2014	24765081
adaptive experiments with a multivariate elo-type algorithm.	the present article introduces the multivariate elo-type algorithm (meta), which is inspired by the elo rating system, a tool for the measurement of the performance of chess players. the meta is intended for adaptive experiments with correlated traits. the relationship of the meta to other existing procedures is explained, and useful variants and modifications are discussed. the meta was investigated within three simulation studies. the gain in efficiency of the univariate elo-type algorithm was ...	2015	24878597
cheating on examinations and its predictors among undergraduate students at hawassa university college of medicine and health science, hawassa, ethiopia.	cheating on examinations in academic institutions is a worldwide issue. when cheating occurs in medical schools, it has serious consequences for human life, social values, and the economy. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cheating and identify factors that influence cheating among students of hawassa university college of medicine and health science.	2014	24885973
performing private database queries in a real-world environment using a quantum protocol.	in the well-studied cryptographic primitive 1-out-of-n oblivious transfer, a user retrieves a single element from a database of size n without the database learning which element was retrieved. while it has previously been shown that a secure implementation of 1-out-of-n oblivious transfer is impossible against arbitrarily powerful adversaries, recent research has revealed an interesting class of private query protocols based on quantum mechanics in a cheat sensitive model. specifically, a pract ...	2014	24913129
motivational interviewing combined with chess accelerates improvement in executive functions in cocaine dependent patients: a one-month prospective study.	in cocaine-dependent individuals, executive function (ef) deficits are associated with poor treatment outcomes. psychological interventions and pharmacological approaches have produced only modest effect sizes. to date, studies of this topic have been few and limited. the aim of this study was to examine the effects of a new model of intervention, which integrates chess and motivational interviewing, motivational chess (mc) methods: we evaluated 46 cocaine-dependent inpatients (aged 18-45), in t ...	2014	24913200
use of the interrai chess scale to predict mortality among persons with neurological conditions in three care settings.	persons with certain neurological conditions have higher mortality rates than the population without neurological conditions, but the risk factors for increased mortality within diagnostic groups are less well understood. the interrai chess scale has been shown to be a strong predictor of mortality in the overall population of persons receiving health care in community and institutional settings. this study examines the performance of chess as a predictor of mortality among persons with 11 diffe ...	2014	24914546
learning curves in highly skilled chess players: a test of the generality of the power law of practice.	the power law of practice holds that a power function best interrelates skill performance and amount of practice. however, the law's validity and generality are moot. some researchers argue that it is an artifact of averaging individual exponential curves while others question whether the law generalizes to complex skills and to performance measures other than response time. the present study tested the power law's generality to development over many years of a very complex cognitive skill, ches ...	2014	24915472
short-echo three-dimensional h-1 mr spectroscopic imaging of patients with glioma at 7 tesla for characterization of differences in metabolite levels.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a short echo time, three-dimensional h-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (mrsi) sequence at 7 tesla (t) to assess the metabolic signature of lesions for patients with glioma.	2015	24935758
pattern recognition algorithm reveals how birds evolve individual egg pattern signatures.	pattern-based identity signatures are commonplace in the animal kingdom, but how they are recognized is poorly understood. here we develop a computer vision tool for analysing visual patterns, naturepatternmatch, which breaks new ground by mimicking visual and cognitive processes known to be involved in recognition tasks. we apply this tool to a long-standing question about the evolution of recognizable signatures. the common cuckoo (cuculus canorus) is a notorious cheat that sneaks its mimetic ...	2014	24939367
attitudes of student nurses enrolled in e-learning course towards academic dishonesty: a descriptive-exploratory study.	the author investigated attitudes of nursing students enrolled in e-learning towards academic dishonesty. the descriptive-exploratory design was used in the conduct of the study. respondents were randomly selected 36 junior and senior nursing students. it revealed that nursing students perceived as neutral (mean = 2.77, mean = 3.17) in taking responsibility for promoting academic integrity in e-learning. the paraphrasing a sentence from internet source without referencing it (38.89%) got the mos ...	2014	24943522
developing the pediatric refractory epilepsy questionnaire: a pilot study.	up to 14% of children with epilepsy continue to experience seizures despite having appropriate medical therapy and develop medically refractory epilepsy (mre). assessing clinical outcomes and therapeutic efficacy in children with mre undergoing palliative epilepsy surgery has been challenging because of the lack of a quantitative instrument capable of estimating the clinical status of these patients. the ideal instrument would at once consider seizure control, neurodevelopment, caregiver burden, ...	2014	24967697
restricting range restricts conclusions.		2014	24971068
double meaning of courtship song in a moth.	males use courtship signals to inform a conspecific female of their presence and/or quality, or, alternatively, to 'cheat' females by imitating the cues of a prey or predator. these signals have the single function of advertising for mating. here, we show the dual functions of the courtship song in the yellow peach moth, conogethes punctiferalis, whose males generate a series of short pulses and a subsequent long pulse in a song bout. repulsive short pulses mimic the echolocation calls of sympat ...	2014	25009064
immunomodulation in cancer.	we have to strengthen our 'chess-playing skills' when using immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer treatment: know the cancerous opponent, study its evolution and have an eye for its weaknesses. besides tumor cells, other pieces on the board are stromal cells, endothelial cells and different immune cells. some of these immune cells, like helper and cytotoxic t cells, natural killer (t) cells and mature dendritic cells are of help, others like regulatory t cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cel ...	2014	25011112
do low-calorie drinks 'cheat' the enteral-brain axis?	the consumption of low-calorie beverages has increased worldwide, mainly because of their combination of sweet taste without adding significant calories to the diet. however, some epidemiological studies have linked the higher consumption of low-calorie beverages with increased body weight gain.	2014	25023189
improving the apo-state detergent stability of nts1 with chess for pharmacological and structural studies.	the largest single class of drug targets is the g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) family. modern high-throughput methods for drug discovery require working with pure protein, but this has been a challenge for gpcrs, and thus the success of screening campaigns targeting soluble, catalytic protein domains has not yet been realized for gpcrs. therefore, most gpcr drug screening has been cell-based, whereas the strategy of choice for drug discovery against soluble proteins is hts using purified prot ...	2014	25064156
the architecture of the chess player's brain.	the game of chess can be seen as a typical example for an expertise task requiring domain-specific training and experience. despite intensive behavioural studies the neural underpinnings of chess performance and expertise are not entirely understood. a few functional neuroimaging studies have shown that expert chess players recruit different psychological functions and activate different brain areas while they are engaged in chess-related activities. based on this functional literature, we predi ...	2014	25065494
the einstellung effect in anagram problem solving: evidence from eye movements.	the einstellung effect is the counterintuitive finding that prior experience or domain-specific knowledge can under some circumstances interfere with problem solving performance. this effect has been demonstrated in several domains of expertise including medicine and chess. in the present study we explored this effect in the context of a simplified anagram problem solving task. participants solved anagram problems while their eye movements were monitored. each problem consisted of six letters: a ...	2014	25071650
local norms of cheating and the cultural evolution of crime and punishment: a study of two urban neighborhoods.	the prevalence of antisocial behavior varies across time and place. the likelihood of committing such behavior is affected by, and also affects, the local social environment. to further our understanding of this dynamic process, we conducted two studies of antisocial behavior, punishment, and social norms. these studies took place in two neighborhoods in newcastle upon tyne, england. according to a previous study, neighborhood a enjoys relatively low frequencies of antisocial behavior and crime ...	2014	25071983
quick concurrent responses to global and local cognitive information underlie intuitive understanding in board-game experts.	experts have the superior cognitive capability of quickly understanding complex information in their domain; however, little is known about the neural processes underlying this ability. here, using a board game named shogi (japanese chess), we investigated the brain activity in expert players that was involved in their quick understanding of board-game patterns. the frontal area responded only to meaningful game positions, whereas the temporal area responded to both game and random positions wit ...	2014	25081320
the association of early childhood cognitive development and behavioural difficulties with pre-adolescent problematic eating attitudes.	few studies have prospectively investigated associations of child cognitive ability and behavioural difficulties with later eating attitudes. we investigated associations of intelligence quotient (iq), academic performance and behavioural difficulties at 6.5 years with eating attitudes five years later.	2014	25102171
on the effect of chess training on scholastic achievement.		2014	25152737
non-contrast-enhanced mr portography and hepatic venography with time-spatial labeling inversion pulses: comparison of imaging with the short tau inversion recovery method and the chemical shift selective method.	to compare and evaluate images of non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance (mr) portography and hepatic venography acquired with two different fat suppression methods, the chemical shift selective (chess) method and short tau inversion recovery (stir) method.	2015	25159471
checkmate to deliberate practice: the case of magnus carlsen.		2014	25177304
online support: impact on anxiety in women who experience an abnormal screening mammogram.	to determine whether an online support tool can impact anxiety in women experiencing an abnormal mammogram.	2014	25193424
developmental origins of recoding and decoding in memory.	working memory is severely limited in both adults and children, but one way that adults can overcome this limit is through the process of recoding. recoding happens when representations of individual items are chunked together into a higher order representation, and the chunk is assigned a label. that label can then be decoded to retrieve the individual items from long-term memory. whereas this ability has been extensively studied in adults (as, for example, in classic studies of memory in chess ...	2014	25195153
playing off the curve - testing quantitative predictions of skill acquisition theories in development of chess performance.	learning curves have been proposed as an adequate description of learning processes, no matter whether the processes manifest within minutes or across years. different mechanisms underlying skill acquisition can lead to differences in the shape of learning curves. in the current study, we analyze the tournament performance data of 1383 chess players who begin competing at young age and play tournaments for at least 10 years. we analyze the performance development with the goal to test the adequa ...	2014	25202292
expert vs. novice differences in the detection of relevant information during a chess game: evidence from eye movements.	the present study explored the ability of expert and novice chess players to rapidly distinguish between regions of a chessboard that were relevant to the best move on the board, and regions of the board that were irrelevant. accordingly, we monitored the eye movements of expert and novice chess players, while they selected white's best move for a variety of chess problems. to manipulate relevancy, we constructed two different versions of each chess problem in the experiment, and we counterbalan ...	2014	25202298
rapid directed evolution of stabilized proteins with cellular high-throughput encapsulation solubilization and screening (chess).	directed evolution is a powerful method for engineering proteins towards user-defined goals and has been used to generate novel proteins for industrial processes, biological research and drug discovery. typical directed evolution techniques include cellular display, phage display, ribosome display and water-in-oil compartmentalization, all of which physically link individual members of diverse gene libraries to their translated proteins. this allows the screening or selection for a desired prote ...	2015	25220691
a cheat sheet to navigate the complex maze of exclusivities in the united states.		2014	25291306
decision making in kidney paired donation programs with altruistic donors.	in recent years, kidney paired donation (kpd) has been extended to include living non-directed or altruistic donors, in which an altruistic donor donates to the candidate of an incompatible donor-candidate pair with the understanding that the donor in that pair will further donate to the candidate of a second pair, and so on; such a process continues and thus forms an altruistic donor-initiated chain. in this paper, we propose a novel strategy to sequentially allocate the altruistic donor (or br ...	2014	25309603
metacognition and action: a new pathway to understanding social and cognitive aspects of expertise in sport.	for over a century, psychologists have investigated the mental processes of expert performers - people who display exceptional knowledge and/or skills in specific fields of human achievement. since the 1960s, expertise researchers have made considerable progress in understanding the cognitive and neural mechanisms that underlie such exceptional performance. whereas the first modern studies of expertise were conducted in relatively formal knowledge domains such as chess, more recent investigation ...	2014	25360126
life cycles, fitness decoupling and the evolution of multicellularity.	cooperation is central to the emergence of multicellular life; however, the means by which the earliest collectives (groups of cells) maintained integrity in the face of destructive cheating types is unclear. one idea posits cheats as a primitive germ line in a life cycle that facilitates collective reproduction. here we describe an experiment in which simple cooperating lineages of bacteria were propagated under a selective regime that rewarded collective-level persistence. collectives reproduc ...	2014	25373677
palm-vein classification based on principal orientation features.	personal recognition using palm-vein patterns has emerged as a promising alternative for human recognition because of its uniqueness, stability, live body identification, flexibility, and difficulty to cheat. with the expanding application of palm-vein pattern recognition, the corresponding growth of the database has resulted in a long response time. to shorten the response time of identification, this paper proposes a simple and useful classification for palm-vein identification based on princi ...	2014	25383715
evolutionary dynamics of interlinked public goods traits: an experimental study of siderophore production in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	public goods cooperation is common in microbes, and there is much interest in understanding how such traits evolve. research in recent years has identified several important factors that shape the evolutionary dynamics of such systems, yet few studies have investigated scenarios involving interactions between multiple public goods. here, we offer general predictions about the evolutionary trajectories of two public goods traits having positive, negative or neutral regulatory influence on one ano ...	2015	25421271
evolution of robotic arms.	the foundation of surgical robotics is in the development of the robotic arm. this is a thorough review of the literature on the nature and development of this device with emphasis on surgical applications. we have reviewed the published literature and classified robotic arms by their application: show, industrial application, medical application, etc. there is a definite trend in the manufacture of robotic arms toward more dextrous devices, more degrees-of-freedom, and capabilities beyond the h ...	2007	25484945
a statistical model of intra-chromosome contact maps.	a statistical model describing a fine structure of the intra-chromosome maps obtained by a genome-wide chromosome conformation capture method (hi-c) is proposed. the model combines hierarchical chain folding with a quenched heteropolymer structure of primary chromatin sequences. it is conjectured that the observed hi-c maps are statistical averages over many different ways of hierarchical genome folding. it is shown that the existence of a quenched primary structure coupled with hierarchical fol ...	2015	25521815
social support and responsiveness in online patient communities: impact on service quality perceptions.	hospitals frequently evaluate their service quality based on the care and services provided to patients by their clinical and non-clinical staff.(1,2) however, such evaluations do not take into consideration the many interactions that patients have in online patient communities with the health-care organization (hco) as well as with peer patients. patients' interactions in these online communities could impact their perceptions regarding the hco's service quality.	2016	25556856
preliminary results from a crowdsourcing experiment in immunohistochemistry.	crowdsourcing, i.e., the outsourcing of tasks typically performed by a few experts to a large crowd as an open call, has been shown to be reasonably effective in many cases, like wikipedia, the chess match of kasparov against the world in 1999, and several others. the aim of the present paper is to describe the setup of an experimentation of crowdsourcing techniques applied to the quantification of immunohistochemistry.	2014	25565010
understanding beyond grasping propositions: a discussion of chess and fish.	in this paper, we argue that, contra strevens (2013), understanding in the sciences is sometimes partially constituted by the possession of abilities; hence, it is not (in such cases) exhausted by the understander's bearing a particular psychological or epistemic relationship to some set of structured propositions. specifically, the case will be made that one does not really understand why a modeled phenomenon occurred unless one has the ability to actually work through (meaning run and grasp at ...	2014	25571746
sex-ratio meiotic drive and y-linked resistance in drosophila affinis.	genetic elements that cheat mendelian segregation by biasing transmission in their favor gain a significant fitness benefit. several examples of sex-ratio meiotic drive, where one sex chromosome biases its own transmission at the cost of the opposite sex chromosome, exist in animals and plants. while the distorting sex chromosome gains a significant advantage by biasing sex ratio, the autosomes, and especially the opposite sex chromosome, experience strong selection to resist this transmission b ...	2015	25571899
fat-subtracted three-dimensional time-of-flight mr angiography of the neck by use of fat-only images with the two-point dixon technique.	for improvement of three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3d-tof-mra) image quality in the neck, fat-subtracted mra by use of the two-point dixon technique was compared with conventional fat-suppressed mra techniques. three different types of neck 3d-tof-mra were obtained [minimum echo time (te) (1.9 ms), opposed-phase te (3.4 ms), and chemical shift selective fat suppression (chess) (te = 1.9 ms)] on five volunteers at 3.0 t. mra was obtained with subtraction of fat-on ...	2015	25577234
dealing with academic dishonesty: a redemptive approach.	studies reveal that as many as 80% of college students cheat; over half do not think cheating is a serious transgression. developing integrity in nursing students is crucial, as their later actions impact patients' lives. how can educators foster academic integrity? two educators from a christian university relay how they approached a student's cheating and the transformative lessons they learned.	2015	25585470
factors associated with quality of life in active childhood epilepsy: a population-based study.	improving health-related quality of life (hrqol), rather than just reducing seizures, should be the principal goal in comprehensive management of childhood epilepsy. there is a lack of population-based data on predictors of hrqol in childhood epilepsy.	2015	25596900
why internet-based education?	this essay illustrates five ways that internet-based higher education can capitalize on fundamental principles of learning. internet-based education can enable better mastery through distributed (shorter, more frequent) practice rather than massed (longer, less frequent) practice; it can optimize performance because it allows students to learn at their peak time of their day; it can deepen memory because it requires cheat-proof assignments and tests; it can promote critical thinking because it n ...	2014	25653625
performance-enhancing drugs i: understanding the basics of testing for banned substances.	whenever athletes willfully or accidentally ingest performance-enhancing drugs or other banned substances (such as drugs of abuse), markers of those drugs can be detected in biological samples (e.g., biofluids: urine, saliva, blood); in the case of some drugs, that evidence can be apparent for many weeks following the last exposure to the drug. in addition to the willful use of prohibited drugs, athletes can accidentally ingest banned substances in contaminated dietary supplements or foods and i ...	2015	25675030
[clinical, microbiological and evolutionary profile of patients experiencing failures and relapses of tuberculosis in ivory coast].	multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) is a major obsession for tb control. the main risk factor for mdr-tb remains a history of tb treatment especially bad conduct. the objective of this study is to describe the profile of patients in situations of failure and relapse of tuberculosis.	2015	25681315