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somatic hybridization in citrus: navel orange (c. sinensis osb.) and grapefruit (c. paradisi macf.).protoplasts of navel orange, isolated from embryogenic nucellar cell suspension culture, were fused with protoplasts of grapefruit isolated from leaf tissue. the fusion products were cultured in the hormone-free medium containing 0.6 m sucrose. under the culture conditions, somatic embryogenesis of navel orange protoplasts was suppressed, while cell division of grapefruit mesophyll protoplasts was not induced. six embryoids were obtained and three lines regenerated to complete plants through emb ...198924225818
cryopreservation of nucellar cells of navel orange (citrus sinensis osb. var. brasiliensis tanaka) by vitrification.the nucellar cells of navel orange(citrus sinensis osb. var. brasiliensis tanaka) were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification. in this method, cells were sufficiently dehydrated with highly concentrated cryoprotective solution(pvs2) prior to direct plunge in liquid nitrogen. the pvs2 contains(w/v) 30% glycerol, 15% ethylene glycol and 15% dmso in murashige-tucker medium(mt) containing 0.15 m sucrose. cells were treated with 60% pvs2 at 25°c for 5 min and then chilled pvs2 at 0°c for 3 min. ...199024226373
somatic hybrid plants from sexually incompatible woody species: citrus reticulata and citropsis gilletiana.allotetraploid intergeneric somatic hybrid plants between citrus reticulata blanco cv. cleopatra mandarin and citropsis gilletiana swing. & m. kell. (common name gillet's cherry orange) were regenerated following protoplast fusion. cleopatra protoplasts were isolated from an ovule-derived embryogenic suspension culture and fused chemically with leaf-derived protoplasts of citropsis gilletiana. cleopatra mandarin and somatic hybrid plants were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis. hybrid plant i ...199024232779
plantlet regeneration from a nacl-selected salt-tolerant callus culture of shamouti orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck).plantlets were regenerated from a selected salt-tolerant cell line of shamouti orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck). embryogenesis was carried out both in the presence and absence of nacl, yielding green and white globular embryos, respectively. greening could be induced subsequently and normal heart shape embryo development was obtained. plantlet formation required exposure to kinetin prior to the introduction of the root-inducing hormone naphthalene acetic acid. this system differs from the desi ...198924240461
intergeneric somatic hybrid plants of citrus sinensis cv. hamlin and poncirus trifoliata cv. flying dragon.intergeneric somatic hybrid plants between 'hamlin' sweet orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] and 'flying dragon' trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata raf.) were regenerated following protoplast fusion. 'hamlin' protoplasts, isolated from an habituated embryogenic suspension culture, were fused chemically with 'flying dragon' protoplasts isolated from juvenile leaf tissue. the hybrid selection scheme was based on complementation of the regenerative ability of the 'hamlin' protoplasts with the ...198824241403
uniformity of plants regenerated from orange (citrus sinensis osb.) protoplasts.using 25 plants (protoclones) regenerated from orange (citrus sinensis osb.) protoplasts, several characters, including leaf and flower morphology, leaf oil, isozyme patterns and chromosome number, were examined. no significant variations in each character were recorded among the protoclones. uniformity observed among protoclones was identical to that of nucellar seedlings.198724241449
somatic hybrid plants obtained by protoplast fusion between citrus sinensis and poncirus trifoliata.somatic hybrid plants of rutaceae were obtained by protoplast fusion between citrus sinensis osb. ('trovita' orange) and poncirus trifoliata. protoplasts isolated from embryogenic cells of c. sinensis and from leaves of p. trifoliata, and the culture of fusion products in the presence of high concentrations of sucrose were essential requirements for the selection of hybrids. green globular embryoids derived from protoplasts resulted in the regeneration of trifoliate plants. other morphological c ...198524247330
chlorophyllase activity in chlorophyll-free citrus chromoplasts.chromoplast fractions from mature, chlorophyll-less 'valencia' orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) flavedo (= the outer coloured layer of citrus peel) showed considerable chlorophyllase activity. acetone powders prepared from chromoplast fractions had 2.5× higher specific activity than those prepared from whole flavedo. exposure of mature, chlorophyll-less fruit to ethylene caused a 2.5 to 4.0 fold increase in chlorophyllase activity. juice chromoplasts showed negligible chlorophyllase activity. ...198324257977
the lov protein of xanthomonas citri subsp. citri plays a significant role in the counteraction of plant immune responses during citrus canker.pathogens interaction with a host plant starts a set of immune responses that result in complex changes in gene expression and plant physiology. light is an important modulator of plant defense response and recent studies have evidenced the novel influence of this environmental stimulus in the virulence of several bacterial pathogens. xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is the bacterium responsible for citrus canker disease, which affects most citrus cultivars. the ability of this bacterium to coloni ...201324260514
molecular characterization of two glutathione peroxidase genes of panax ginseng and their expression analysis against environmental stresses.glutathione peroxidases (gpxs) are a group of enzymes that protect cells against oxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ros). gpx catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) or organic hydroperoxides to water or alcohols by reduced glutathione. the presence of gpxs in plants has been reported by several groups, but the roles of individual members of this family in a single plant species have not been studied. two gpx cdnas were isolated and characterized from the embryoge ...201424269671
structural and physiological analyses of the alkanesulphonate-binding protein (ssua) of the citrus pathogen xanthomonas citri.the uptake of sulphur-containing compounds plays a pivotal role in the physiology of bacteria that live in aerobic soils where organosulfur compounds such as sulphonates and sulphate esters represent more than 95% of the available sulphur. until now, no information has been available on the uptake of sulphonates by bacterial plant pathogens, particularly those of the xanthomonas genus, which encompasses several pathogenic species. in the present study, we characterised the alkanesulphonate uptak ...201324282519
characterization of the antioxidant properties of phenolic extracts from some citrus peels.this study sought to determine the distribution of free and bound phenolics in some nigerian citrus peels [orange (citrus sinensis), grapefruit (citrus paradisii) and shaddock (citrus maxima)] and characterize the antioxidant properties. the free phenolics were extracted with 80% acetone, while the bound phenolics were extracted from the alkaline and acid hydrolyzed residue with ethyl acetate. free phenolic extracts had significantly higher (p < 0.05) dpph* scavenging ability than the bound phen ...201224293692
first evidence of c- and o-glycosyl flavone in blood orange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) juice and their influence on antioxidant properties.rp-lc-dad-esi-ms-ms separation/identification protocol has been employed for the identification and characterisation of nine c- and o-glycosyl flavonoids in moro (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) juice grown in southern italy. for the first time we reported the presence of five c-glycosyl flavones (lucenin-2, vicenin-2, stellarin-2, lucenin-2 4'-methyl ether and scoparin), a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl glycosyl flavonol (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl glycosyl quercetin) and a flavone o-glycosides (chrys ...201424295703
citrange fruit extracts alleviate obesity-associated metabolic disorder in high-fat diet-induced obese c57bl/6 mouse.obesity is becoming one of the global epidemics of the 21st century. in this study, the effects of citrange (citrus sinensis × poncirus trifoliata) fruit extracts in high-fat (hf) diet-induced obesity mice were studied. female c57bl/6 mice were fed respectively a chow diet (control), an hf diet, hf diet supplemented with 1% w/w citrange peel extract (cpe) or 1% w/w citrange flesh and seed extract (cfse) for 8 weeks. our results showed that both cpe and cfse regulated the glucose metabolic disord ...201324317433
structural characterization of the thermally tolerant pectin methylesterase purified from citrus sinensis fruit and its gene sequence.despite the longstanding importance of the thermally tolerant pectin methylesterase (tt-pme) activity in citrus juice processing and product quality, the unequivocal identification of the protein and its corresponding gene has remained elusive. tt-pme was purified from sweet orange [ citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] finisher pulp (8.0 mg/1.3 kg tissue) with an improved purification scheme that provided 20-fold increased enzyme yield over previous results. structural characterization of electrophoret ...201324328246
in vitro photodynamic inactivation of plant-pathogenic fungi colletotrichum acutatum and colletotrichum gloeosporioides with novel phenothiazinium photosensitizers.the increasing tolerance to currently used fungicides in both clinical and agricultural areas is of great concern. the nonconventional light-based approach of antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (apdt) is a promising alternative to conventional fungicides. we evaluated the effects of apdt with four phenothiazinium derivatives (methylene blue [mb], new methylene blue n [nmbn], toluidine blue o [tbo], and the novel pentacyclic phenothiazinium photosensitizer [ps] s137) on conidia of three fungal ...201424362436
[new directions of research related to chronic wound healing].optimal nutrition, immunological state and psychological condition play an important role in the process of chronic wound healing. infections caused by pathogens resistant to commonly used antibiotics additionally complicate and disturb regeneration of wounds. as part of the treatment, modern wound dressings are used, for example designed on the basis of alginates, dextranomers, hydrogels, hydrofiber, polyurethanes foams, hydrocolloids and liquids for wound debridement such us 0.9% nacl, the pwe ...201324377187
temporal and spatial scaling of the genetic structure of a vector-borne plant pathogen.the ecology of plant pathogens of perennial crops is affected by the long-lived nature of their immobile hosts. in addition, changes to the genetic structure of pathogen populations may affect disease epidemiology and management practices; examples include local adaptation of more fit genotypes or introduction of novel genotypes from geographically distant areas via human movement of infected plant material or insect vectors. we studied the genetic structure of xylella fastidiosa populations cau ...201424397266
extraction process optimization of polyphenols from indian citrus sinensis - as novel antiglycative agents in the management of diabetes mellitus.diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose level. it has become an epidemic disease in the 21st century where, india leads the world with largest number of diabetic subjects. non-enzymatic glycosylation (glycation) is severe form of diabetes, occurs between reducing sugar and proteins which results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (ages) that leads to the other complicated secondary disorders. in this context, mangifera indica (m ...201424397983
[estimation of the tn and som contents in soil from gan nan navel orange plant area by nir diffuse spectroscopy].the soil sampled from gan nan navel orange plant area was selected as research object, and the feasibility of analyzing the total nitrogen (tn) and soil organic matter (som) of soil was investigated by near infrared spectroscopy (nir) techniques in the wavelength range of 4 000 - 7 500 cm(-1). different pretreatment methods including multiplicative scatter correction (msc), first derivative(1st d), second derivative (2nd d), savitzkv-golay (sg), standard normalized variate (snv) and baseline wer ...201324409716
the effects of nigella sativa (ns), anthemis hyalina (ah) and citrus sinensis (cs) extracts on the replication of coronavirus and the expression of trp genes family.extracts of anthemis hyalina (ah), nigella sativa (ns) and peels of citrus sinensis (cs) have been used as folk medicine to fight antimicrobial diseases. to evaluate the effect of extracts of ah, ns and cs on the replication of coronavirus (cov) and on the expression of trp genes during coronavirus infection, hela-ceacam1a (hela-epithelial carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1a) cells were inoculated with mhv-a59 (mouse hepatitis virus-a59) at moi of 30. 1/50 dilution of the ...201424413991
recent introduction and recombination in colletotrichum acutatum populations associated with citrus postbloom fruit drop epidemics in são paulo, brazil.citrus crops in são paulo state, brazil, have been severely affected by postbloom fruit drop disease (pfd), which is caused by colletotrichum acutatum. this disease leads to the drop of up to 100% of young fruits. previous studies have assumed that this pathogen exhibits a clonal reproductive mode, although no population genetic studies have been conducted so far. thus, the genetic structure of six c. acutatum populations from sweet orange orchards showing pfd symptoms was determined using nine ...201424423403
evidence of recombinant citrus tristeza virus isolate occurring in acid lime cv. pant lemon orchard in uttarakhand terai region of northern himalaya in india.the present study for the first time describes biological and molecular characterization of citrus tristeza virus (ctv) occurring in the terai area of uttarakhand state in northern himalaya region of india. direct antigen coated-elisa and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) detected the ctv infection in acid lime cv. pant lemon (citrus aurantifolia) orchards of pantnagar with an estimated disease incidence of 16.6-20.5 %. to know the biological and genetic properties, an iso ...201324426255
pectin-polygalacturonase in citrus.extracts from citrus [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] pedicles rated as containing polygalacturonase and cellulase gave activities both as measured with carboxymethylcellulose and with sodium polypectate. gel electrophrosis of the extract demonstrated two region areas that contained cellulytic activity.197624430758
population of endogenous pararetrovirus genomes in carrizo citrange.the complete genome sequences of three related endogenous pararetroviruses (eprvs) were obtained by 454 sequencing of nucleic acid extracts from carrizo citrange, used as a citrus rootstock. numerous homologous sequences have been found in the sweet orange genome. the new eprvs are most closely related to petunia vein-clearing virus.201424435856
antioxidant potential of a polyherbal antimalarial as an indicator of its therapeutic value.nefang is a polyherbal product composed of mangifera indica (bark and leaf), psidium guajava, carica papaya, cymbopogon citratus, citrus sinensis, and ocimum gratissimum (leaves), used for the treatment of malaria. compounds with antioxidant activity are believed to modulate plasmodial infection. antioxidant activity of the constituent aqueous plants extracts, in vitro, was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), total phenolic content (tpc), and ferric reducing antioxidant pow ...201324454347
comparative de novo transcriptome analysis and metabolic pathway studies of citrus paradisi flavedo from naive stage to ripened stage.grapefruit (citrus pardisi) is a popular citrus fruit that is a cross between a sweet orange and pummelo. this research article focuses on an in silico approach for comparative analysis of c. paradisi green flavedo (gf) and ethylene treated flavedo (etf) transcriptome data. our pathway analysis provides comprehensive information of genes playing significant role in different stages of ripening in fruit. de novo assembly was carried out using six different assemblers namely gs assembler, seqman n ...201424477585
adventive plants from ovules and nucelli in citrus.1- to 8-week-old ovules and nucelli from three citrus cultivars-shamouti and valencia (citrus sinensis) oranges and marsh seedless (c. paradisi) grapefruit-were cultured in vitro. no embryo differentiation was observed in the explants prior to culture. the shamouti ovules had degenerated and were apparently unfertilized. embryoids formed on murashige and tucker nutrient medium supplemented with 500 mg/l malt extract. whole plants developed on the same basal medium supplemented with kinetin and i ...197224477995
determination of allergenic hydroperoxides in essential oils using gas chromatography with electron ionization mass spectrometry.fragrance monoterpenes are widely used commercially due to their pleasant scent. in previous studies, we have shown that air-exposed monoterpenes form hydroperoxides that are strong skin sensitizers. methods for detection and quantification of the hydroperoxides in essential oils and scented products are thus desirable. due to thermolability and low uv absorbance, this is a complicated task. we have recently developed a sensitive lc-esi-ms method, but with limited structural information and sepa ...201424482420
citrus sinensis annotation project (cap): a comprehensive database for sweet orange genome.citrus is one of the most important and widely grown fruit crop with global production ranking firstly among all the fruit crops in the world. sweet orange accounts for more than half of the citrus production both in fresh fruit and processed juice. we have sequenced the draft genome of a double-haploid sweet orange (c. sinensis cv. valencia), and constructed the citrus sinensis annotation project (cap) to store and visualize the sequenced genomic and transcriptome data. cap provides gbrowse-bas ...201424489955
characterization of the glutathione s-transferase gene family through ests and expression analyses within common and pigmented cultivars of citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck.glutathione s-transferases (gsts) represent a ubiquitous gene family encoding detoxification enzymes able to recognize reactive electrophilic xenobiotic molecules as well as compounds of endogenous origin. anthocyanin pigments require gsts for their transport into the vacuole since their cytoplasmic retention is toxic to the cell. anthocyanin accumulation in citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck fruit flesh determines different phenotypes affecting the typical pigmentation of sicilian blood oranges. in th ...201424490620
comparative analysis of surface wax in mature fruits between satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu) and 'newhall' navel orange (citrus sinensis) from the perspective of crystal morphology, chemical composition and key gene expression.surface wax of mature satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu) and 'newhall' navel orange (citrus sinensis) was analysed by crystal morphology, chemical composition, and gene expression levels. the epicuticular and total waxes of both citrus cultivars were mostly composed of aldehydes, alkanes, fatty acids and primary alcohols. the epicuticular wax accounted for 80% of the total wax in the newhall fruits and was higher than that in the satsuma fruits. scanning electron microscopy showed that larger and ...201424491718
scanning electron-microscopy of abscission-zone surfaces of valencia-orange fruit.the scanning electron-microscope was used to obtain a more adequate view of the separation surfaces exposed when the stem was pulled from the fruit of valencia orange. separations were made at 0, 24 and 48 h after ethylene treatment of the fruit. the most noticeable differences are the lessened amount of tearing in proximal vascular bundles at 48 h and decreased rupture of distal parenchyma cells first observed at 24 h.197124493280
postharvest control of western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) and california red scale (hemiptera: diaspididae) with ethyl formate and its impact on citrus fruit quality.the postharvest control of arthropod pests is a challenge that the california citrus industry must overcome when exporting fruit overseas. currently, methyl bromide fumigation is used to control postharvest pests on exported citrus, but it may soon be unavailable because of use restrictions and cost of this health-hazard ozone-depleting chemical. ethyl formate is a natural plant volatile and possible alternative to methyl bromide in postharvest insect control. the objectives of this study were 1 ...201324498732
oral dose of citrus peel extracts promotes wound repair in diabetic rats.diabetic patients wound healing is slower than the healthy individuals. three citrus peel extracts; lemon (citrus limon), grapes fruits (citrus paradise) and orange (citrus sinensis) promote wound healing in experimental animals. this study investigated the effect of oral treatment with citrus peel extracts on wound repair of the skin of diabetic rats. the extracts were estimated for vitamin c and total carotenoid contents prior to animal study. diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by intraperi ...201324506007
furocoumarins and coumarins photoinactivate colletotrichum acutatum and aspergillus nidulans fungi under solar radiation.the increasing tolerance to currently-used fungicides is a major problem both in clinical and agricultural areas leading to an urgent need for the development of novel antifungal strategies. this study investigated the in vitro antimicrobial photo treatment (apt) of conidia of the plant-pathogenic fungus colletotrichum acutatum and the ascomycete aspergillus nidulans with the furocoumarins 8-methoxypsoralen (8-mop) and isopimpinellin, and a mixture of two coumarins (7-methoxy coumarin and citrop ...201424509069
characterization of mango (mangifera indica l.) transcriptome and chloroplast genome.we characterized mango leaf transcriptome and chloroplast genome using next generation dna sequencing. the rna-seq output of mango transcriptome generated >12 million reads (total nucleotides sequenced >1 gb). de novo transcriptome assembly generated 30,509 unigenes with lengths in the range of 300 to ≥3,000 nt and 67× depth of coverage. blast searching against nonredundant nucleotide databases and several viridiplantae genomic datasets annotated 24,593 mango unigenes (80% of total) and identifi ...201424515595
identification of putative tal effector targets of the citrus canker pathogens shows functional convergence underlying disease development and defense response.transcriptional activator-like (tal) effectors, formerly known as the avrbs3/ptha protein family, are dna-binding effectors broadly found in xanthomonas spp. that transactivate host genes upon injection via the bacterial type three-secretion system. biologically relevant targets of tal effectors, i.e. host genes whose induction is vital to establish a compatible interaction, have been reported for xanthomonads that colonize rice and pepper; however, citrus genes modulated by the tal effectors pt ...201424564253
isolation, classification and transcription profiles of the ap2/erf transcription factor superfamily in citrus.the ap2/erf gene family encodes plant-specific transcription factors. in model plants, ap2/erf genes have been shown to be expressed in response to developmental and environmental stimuli, and many function downstream of the ethylene, biotic, and abiotic stress signaling pathways. in citrus, ethylene is effective in regulation citrus fruit quality, such as degreening and aroma. however, information about the citrus ap2/erf family is limited, and would enhance our understanding of fruit responses ...201424566692
differential transcriptional regulation of l-ascorbic acid content in peel and pulp of citrus fruits during development and maturation.citrus fruits are an important source of ascorbic acid (asa) for human nutrition, but the main pathways involved in its biosynthesis and their regulation are still not fully characterized. to study the transcriptional regulation of asa accumulation, expression levels of 13 genes involved in asa biosynthesis, 5 in recycling and 5 in degradation were analyzed in peel and pulp of fruit of two varieties with different asa concentration: navel orange (citrus sinensis) and satsuma mandarin (citrus uns ...201424567029
the post-transcriptional regulator rsma/csra activates t3ss by stabilizing the 5' utr of hrpg, the master regulator of hrp/hrc genes, in xanthomonas.the rsma/csra family of the post-transcriptional regulators of bacteria is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes, including pathogenesis. in this study, we demonstrated that rsma not only is required for the full virulence of the phytopathogenic bacterium xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc) but also contributes to triggering the hypersensitive response (hr) in non-host plants. deletion of rsma resulted in significantly reduced virulence in the host plant sweet orange and a delay ...201424586158
an integrative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome of the pulp of a spontaneous late-ripening sweet orange mutant and its wild type improves our understanding of fruit ripening in citrus.fruit ripening is a complex, genetically programmed process that occurs in conjunction with the differentiation of chloroplasts into chromoplasts and involves changes to the organoleptic properties of the fruit. in this study, an integrative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome was performed to identify important regulators and pathways involved in fruit ripening in a spontaneous late-ripening mutant ('fengwan' orange, citrus sinensis l. osbeck) and its wild type ('fengjie 72-1'). at the t ...201424600016
temporal progression of 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus' infection in citrus and acquisition efficiency by diaphorina citri.over the last decade, the plant disease huanglongbing (hlb) has emerged as a primary threat to citrus production worldwide. hlb is associated with infection by phloem-limited bacteria ('candidatus liberibacter' spp.) that are transmitted by the asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri. transmission efficiency varies with vector-related aspects (e.g., developmental stage and feeding periods) but there is no information on the effects of host-pathogen interactions. here, acquisition efficiency of 'c ...201424620723
operating conditions for the continuous bioremediation of free cyanide contaminated wastewater using aspergillus awamori.generation of cyanide-containing wastewater is a growing problem worldwide as numerous cyanide complexes are highly unstable and degrade to form free cyanide (f-cn), the most toxic form of cyanide. agro-waste materials, such as sweet orange (citrus sinensis) waste from the citrus industry, are rich in readily metabolisable carbohydrates that can supplement microbial activity and thus support biodegradation of toxic compounds in wastewater. this study reports on optimal operating conditions for t ...201424622547
physicochemical and functional properties of micronized jincheng orange by-products (citrus sinensis osbeck) dietary fiber and its application as a fat replacer in yogurt.orange by-products from juice extraction are generally discarded or used in animal feed due to their low market value. however, orange by-products show potential as dietary fiber (df) and fat replacers in products such as yogurt. this study assessed the benefits of using orange by-products in df-enriched materials such as df powders (op) and micronized df with ball-milling (mdf). the study also investigated the effects of adding different levels of op and mdf on the quality of low-fat yogurt. re ...201424625022
antioxidant and antifungal activity of extracts of the aerial parts of thymus capitatus (l.) hoffmanns against four phytopathogenic fungi of citrus sinensis.many medicinal plants from the lamiaceae family can be easily found in algeria. these plants have been used as traditional medicines by local ethnic groups. thymus capitatus is known in algeria as "zaatar" and has been commonly used as a spice, and reported to have many biological effects.201424644439
preliminary examination of herbal extracts on the inhibition of helicobacter pylori.this work aims at describing the traditional uses, to determine the antimicrobial potential of two different extracts hexane, acetone of the leaves of citrus unshiu, citrus sinensis, citrus limon, laurus nobilis, citrus paradisi on clinical strain of h. pylori in a bid to identify potential sources of cheap starting materials for the synthesis of new drugs. h. pylori strain was a culture collection of hacettepe university, turkey.201424653559
plant water stress effects on stylet probing behaviors of homalodisca vitripennis (hemiptera: cicadellidae) associated with acquisition and inoculation of the bacterium xylella fastidiosa.abstract the glassy-winged sharpshooter, homalodisca vitripennis (germar) (hemiptera: cicadellidae), is a xylem fluid-ingesting leafhopper that transmits xylella fastidiosa wells et al., a plant-infecting bacterium that causes several plant diseases in the americas. although the role of plant water stress on the population density and dispersal ofh. vitripennis has been studied, nothing is known about the effects of plant water stress on the transmission of x. fastidiosa by h. vitripennis. a lab ...201424665686
impact of sensory feed additives on feed intake, feed preferences, and growth of female piglets during the early postweaning period.our study aimed at investigating the effect of feed supplementation, from weaning, with 3 sensory feed additives (fa1, fa2, and fa3) on feed preferences, feed intake, and growth of piglets. the fa1 contained extract of stevia rebaudiana (10 to 20%), extract of high-saponin plants (5 to 10%), and excipients (70 to 85%), the fa2 was mainly composed of a natural extract of citrus sinensis (60 to 80%), and the fa3 was made of a blend of extracts of hot-flavored spices (5 to 15%) and excipients (85 t ...201424668952
comparative proteomic analysis reveals that t3ss, tfp, and xanthan gum are key factors in initial stages of citrus sinensis infection by xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.the bacteria xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xac) is the causal agent of citrus canker. the disease symptoms are characterized by localized host cell hyperplasia followed by tissue necrosis at the infected area. an arsenal of bacterial pathogenicity- and virulence-related proteins is expressed to ensure a successful infection process. at the post-genomic stage of xac, we used a proteomic approach to analyze the proteins that are displayed differentially over time when the pathogen attacks the ho ...201424676796
metabolomic approaches for orange origin discrimination by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.in this work, hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (qtof ms) coupled to ultra high performance liquid chromatography (uhplc) has been used for biomarkers identification for correct authentication of valencia (spain) oranges. differentiation from foreign argentinean, brazilian and south african oranges has been carried out using xcms application and multivariate analysis to uhplc-(q)tof ms data acquired in both, positive and negative ionisation modes. several markers have been found ...201424679755
study on essential oils from four species of zhishi with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.citrus fruits are widely used as food and or for medicinal purposes, and they contain a host of active substances that contribute to health. the immature fruits of citrus sinensis osbeck and its cultivars (cs), c. junos sieb. ex tanaka (cj), c. aurantium l. and its cultivars (ca) and poncirus trifoliate raf. (pt) are the most commonly used medicinal herbs in traditional chinese medicine, called zhishi. and their mature fruits can be used as food.201424708882
study of production and pyrolysis characteristics of sweet orange flavor-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex.flavor plays an important role and has been widely used in foods. encapsulation can prevent the loss of volatile aromatic ingredients, provide protection and enhance the stability of the flavor. kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are helpful in understanding the mechanism of molecular recognition between hosts and guests. this work focused on the study of production of a sweet orange flavor-β-cyclodextrin (cd) inclusion complex, and investigated the combination of flavor and β-cd by thermograv ...201424708955
targeted genome editing of sweet orange using cas9/sgrna.genetic modification, including plant breeding, has been widely used to improve crop yield and quality, as well as to increase disease resistance. targeted genome engineering is expected to contribute significantly to future varietal improvement, and genome editing technologies using zinc finger nucleases (zfns), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (talens), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)/cas9/single guide rna (sgrna) have already been successfu ...201424710347
a transcriptional approach to unravel the connection between phospholipases a₂ and d and aba signal in citrus under water stress.the effect of water stress on the interplay between phospholipases (pl) a2 and d and aba signalling was investigated in fruit and leaves from the sweet orange navelate and its fruit-specific aba-deficient mutant pinalate by studying simultaneously expression of 5 pld and 3 pla2-encoding genes. in general, expression levels of pld-encoding genes were higher at harvest in the flavedo (coloured outer part of the peel) from pinalate. moreover, a higher and transient increase in expression of cspldα, ...201424713122
influence of crop load on the expression patterns of starch metabolism genes in alternate-bearing citrus trees.the fruit is the main sink organ in citrus and captures almost all available photoassimilates during its development. consequently, carbohydrate partitioning and starch content depend on the crop load of citrus trees. nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms controlling the starch metabolism at the tree level in relation to presence of fruit. the aim of this study was to find the relation between the seasonal variation of expression and activity of the genes involved in carbon metaboli ...201424747724
essential oils with insecticidal activity against larvae of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).insecticidal activity of the essential oils (eos) isolated from tagetes lucida, lippia alba, lippia origanoides, eucalyptus citriodora, cymbopogon citratus, cymbopogon flexuosus, citrus sinensis, swinglea glutinosa, and cananga odorata aromatic plants, grown in colombia (bucaramanga, santander), and of a mixture of l. alba and l. origanoides eos were evaluated on aedes (stegomyia) aegypti rockefeller larvae. the eos were extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and characterized by gas ...201424781026
in vitro antiplasmodial activities and synergistic combinations of differential solvent extracts of the polyherbal product, nefang.nefang, a polyherbal product composed of mangifera indica (bark and leaf), psidium guajava, carica papaya, cymbopogon citratus, citrus sinensis, and ocimum gratissimum (leaves), is a potential therapy against p. falciparum malaria. in vitro antiplasmodial activities of its constituent solvent extracts were analyzed on cq-sensitive (3d7) and multidrug resistant (dd2) p. falciparum strains. the interactions involving the differential solvent extracts were further analyzed using a variable potency ...201424877138
identification of boron-deficiency-responsive micrornas in citrus sinensis roots by illumina sequencing.boron (b)-deficiency is a widespread problem in many crops, including citrus. micrornas (mirnas) play important roles in nutrient deficiencies. however, little is known on b-deficiency-responsive mirnas in plants. in this study, we first identified mirnas and their expression pattern in b-deficient citrus sinensis roots by illumina sequencing in order to identify mirnas that might be involved in the tolerance of plants to b-deficiency.201424885979
oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activities of seven herbal essential oils against female adults of housefly, musca domestica l.the oviposition deterrent and ovicidal of seven herbal essential oils derived from citrus sinensis, cymbopogon citratus, eucalyptus glubulus, illicium verum, lavandula angustifolia, mentha piperita, and zingiber cussumunar were assessed against the gravid female of housefly, musca domestica l., under laboratory conditions and compared with commercial insecticide (10% w/v cypermethrin). they were assayed at three concentrations (1.0, 5.0, and 10.0%) where plastic cups containing 1 ml of desired o ...201424894080
sequencing of diverse mandarin, pummelo and orange genomes reveals complex history of admixture during citrus domestication.cultivated citrus are selections from, or hybrids of, wild progenitor species whose identities and contributions to citrus domestication remain controversial. here we sequence and compare citrus genomes--a high-quality reference haploid clementine genome and mandarin, pummelo, sweet-orange and sour-orange genomes--and show that cultivated types derive from two progenitor species. although cultivated pummelos represent selections from one progenitor species, citrus maxima, cultivated mandarins ar ...201424908277
protective effect of red orange extract supplementation against uv-induced skin damages: photoaging and solar lentigines.exposure of the skin to solar ultraviolet (uv) radiations causes important oxidative damages that result in clinical and hystopathological changes, contributing to premature skin aging. hyperpigmented lesions, also known as age spots, are one of the most visible alterations in skin photoaging. skin is naturally equipped with antioxidant systems against uv-induced ros generation; however, these antioxidant defenses are not completely efficient during exposure to sunlight. oral antioxidants are ab ...201424910279
production of the sesquiterpene (+)-valencene by metabolically engineered corynebacterium glutamicum.the sesquiterpene (+)-valencene is an aroma compound of citrus fruits and is used to flavor foods and drinks. biosynthesis of (+)-valencene starts from farnesyl pyrophosphate, an intermediate of carotenoid biosynthesis. corynebacterium glutamicum, the workhorse of the million-ton scale amino acid industry, is naturally pigmented as it synthesizes the rare fifty carbon atoms (c50) containing carotenoid decaprenoxanthin. since the carotenoid pathway of this gram-positive bacterium has previously b ...201424910970
effect of second cooling on the chemical components of essential oils from orange peel (citrus sinensis).a second cooling was added to the oil collectors of an improved clevenger-type apparatus (ict) to investigate the thermal reaction of essential oils from orange peel compared to a traditional clevenger-type apparatus (ct). the results demonstrated the yield rate of essential oil from ict was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that from ct. the major components of the essential oils consisted of monoterpenes, such as d-limonene, β-myrcene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, α-pinene. interestingly, ict pre ...201424945493
[preliminary analysis of bitter substances in spica of prunella vulgaris].volatile oil components and the contents and types of amino acid in spica of prunella vulgaris were analysed by gc-ms and amino acid analyzer. esters, fatty acids, aromatic hydrocarbon, ketone and several alcohol compounds were identified by mass spectrum comparison. in these ingredients, beta-ionone smelled aroma of cedar, raspberry, nerolidol showed weak sweet soft orange blossom flavor, neroli tasted sweet and fresh, nerolidol tasted sweet with light aroma of wood, hexadecanal showed a weak a ...201424946541
application of decolourized and partially purified polygalacturonase and α-amylase in apple juice clarification.polygalacturonase and α-amylase play vital role in fruit juice industry. in the present study, polygalacturonase was produced by aspergillus awamori nakazawa mtcc 6652 utilizing apple pomace and mosambi orange (citrus sinensis var mosambi) peels as solid substrate whereas, α-amylase was produced from a. oryzae (ifo-30103) using wheat bran by solid state fermentation (ssf) process. these carbohydrases were decolourized and purified 8.6-fold, 34.8-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively by activated charc ...201424948919
effects of boron deficiency on major metabolites, key enzymes and gas exchange in leaves and roots of citrus sinensis seedlings.boron (b) deficiency is a widespread problem in many crops, including citrus. the effects of b-deficiency on gas exchange, carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, total soluble proteins and phenolics, and the activities of key enzymes involved in organic acid and amino acid metabolism in 'xuegan' [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] leaves and roots were investigated. boron-deficient leaves displayed excessive accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates and much lower co2 assimilation, demonstrating ...201424957048
metabolite signature of candidatus liberibacter asiaticus infection in two citrus varieties.huanglongbing (hlb), also known as citrus greening disease, is caused by the bacterium 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus' (clas) and is a serious threat to the citrus industry. to understand the effect of clas infection on the citrus metabolome, juice from healthy (n = 18), hlb-asymptomatic (n = 18), and hlb-symptomatic hamlin (n = 18), as well as from healthy (n = 18) and hlb-symptomatic (n = 18) valencia sweet oranges (from southern and eastern florida) were evaluated using (1)h nmr-based met ...201424959841
reduction of non-enzymatic browning of orange juice and semi-concentrates by removal of reaction substrate.a study was conducted to standardize the technology for the removal of amino acids (one of the browning reaction substrates) from sweet orange cv. malta common juice to reduce colour and quality deterioration in single strength juice and during subsequent concentration. juice of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) cv. malta common fruits was extracted by screw type juice extractor, preserved in 500 ppm so2 and clarified by using "pectinase ccm" enzyme (0.2% for 2 h at 50 ± 2 °c). for removal of amino ...201424966423
in vitro studies of a distillate of rectified essential oils on sinonasal components of mucociliary clearance.herbal remedies predate written history and continue to be used frequently for many common ailments. the essential oil mixture standardized is a phytopharmaceutical with a distillate of a mixture of rectified essential oils of eucalyptus, sweet orange, myrtle, and lemon as active ingredients used to treat respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and rhinosinusitis. we evaluated the pharmacologic effects of a distillate of rectified essential oils standardized on primary human upper respiratory ep ...201424980236
effect of different levels of dietary sweet orange (citrus sinensis) peel extract on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens.this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) peel extract (sope) on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens. three hundred 1-day broilers (ross-308) were randomly allocated to treatments varying in supplemental sope added in the drinking water. the experimental groups consisted of three treatments fed for 42 days as follows: a control treatment without feed extract, a treatment containing 1000 ppm of sope and a treatment ...201524990585
genome-wide analysis of the r2r3-myb transcription factor gene family in sweet orange (citrus sinensis).myb transcription factor represents one of the largest gene families in plant genomes. sweet orange (citrus sinensis) is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide, and recently the genome has been sequenced. this provides an opportunity to investigate the organization and evolutionary characteristics of sweet orange myb genes from whole genome view. in the present study, we identified 100 r2r3-myb genes in the sweet orange genome. a comprehensive analysis of this gene family was performed, ...201425008995
[citrus boron nutrient level and its impact factors in the three gorges reservoir region of chongqing, china].to investigate the level of boron nutrient in citrus and its impact factors, a total of 954 citrus leaf samples and 302 soil samples were collected from representative orchards in the 12 main citrus production counties in the three gorges reservoir region of chongqing to determine the boron content in citrus leaves, as well as the relationships between leaf boron content with soil available boron content, soil ph value, cultivar, rootstock and the age of tree. results indicated that the leaf sam ...201425011290
comparative effect of citrus sinensis and carbimazole on serum t4, t3 and tsh levels.there are previous independent reports on the anti-thyroid property of citrus sinensis. this isoflavones and phenolic acid-rich natural agent is widely consumed as dietary supplement, thus the need to investigate its comparative effect with a standard anti-thyroid drug on t4, t3 and thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) levels.201425013255
collection and chemical composition of phloem sap from citrus sinensis l. osbeck (sweet orange).through utilizing the nutrient-rich phloem sap, sap feeding insects such as psyllids, leafhoppers, and aphids can transmit many phloem-restricted pathogens. on the other hand, multiplication of phloem-limited, uncultivated bacteria such as candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas) inside the phloem of citrus indicates that the sap contains all the essential nutrients needed for the pathogen growth. the phloem sap composition of many plants has been studied; however, to our knowledge, there is no ...201425014027
annotation of gene function in citrus using gene expression information and co-expression networks.the genus citrus encompasses major cultivated plants such as sweet orange, mandarin, lemon and grapefruit, among the world's most economically important fruit crops. with increasing volumes of transcriptomics data available for these species, gene co-expression network (gcn) analysis is a viable option for predicting gene function at a genome-wide scale. gcn analysis is based on a "guilt-by-association" principle whereby genes encoding proteins involved in similar and/or related biological proce ...201425023870
phytochemical analysis and radical scavenging profile of juices of citrus sinensis, citrus anrantifolia, and citrus limonum.the aim of the current investigation was to identify bioactive secondary metabolites including phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpinedes, and steroids and compare the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant profile of the juice extracted from the fruits of citrus sinensis, citrus anrantifolia, and citrus limonum.201425024932
isolation and characterization of putative endophytic bacteria antagonistic to phoma tracheiphila and verticillium albo-atrum.a collection of 200 bacterial isolates recovered from citrus plants (citrus limon, citrus sinensis, and citrus reticulata), medicago truncatula and laurus nobilis, was established. in vitro screening indicated that 28 isolates exhibited an inhibitory activity against the vascular pathogens phoma tracheiphila and verticillium albo-atrum. isolates were screened according to their hydrolytic activities, plant growth-promoting bacteria (pgpb) abilities, as well as for the presence of nonribosomal pe ...201425074353
prediction and functional analysis of the sweet orange protein-protein interaction network.sweet orange (citrus sinensis) is one of the most important fruits world-wide. because it is a woody plant with a long growth cycle, genetic studies of sweet orange are lagging behind those of other species.201425091279
expression of xylella fastidiosa rpff in citrus disrupts signaling in xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and thereby its virulence.xylella fastidiosa and xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, that cause citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc) and citrus canker diseases, respectively, utilize diffusible signal factor (dsf) for quorum sensing. dsf, produced by rpff, are similar fatty acids in both organisms, although a different set of genes is regulated by dsf in each species. because of this similarity, xylella fastidiosa dsf might be recognized and affect the biology of xanthomonas citri. therefore, transgenic citrus sinensis and carr ...201425099341
early-flowering sweet orange mutant 'x11' as a model for functional genomic studies of citrus.there had been many reports on genetic transformation of citrus for functional genomic studies but few included genes associated with flower or fruit traits. a major reason for this might derive from the extensive juvenile stage of citrus plants when regenerated from juvenile explants (epicotyls, cotyledon or calli), which delays the observation of the resulting phenotype. alternatives include the use of explants from adult tissues, which sometimes may be recalcitrant to regeneration or transfor ...201425108567
proteomic and metabolomic profiling of valencia orange fruit after natural frost exposure.the aim of this study was to evaluate the response of orange fruit (citrus sinensis var. valencia late) to freezing stress in planta, both immediately after the natural event and after a week, in order to understand the biochemical and molecular basis of the changes that later derive in internal and external damage symptoms. using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis to analyze exposed and non-exposed fruit, 27 differential protein spots were detected in juice sacs and flavedo, among ...201525132553
genome-wide comparison of micrornas and their targeted transcripts among leaf, flower and fruit of sweet orange.in plants, micrornas (mirnas) regulate gene expression mainly at the post-transcriptional level. previous studies have demonstrated that mirna-mediated gene silencing pathways play vital roles in plant development. here, we used a high-throughput sequencing approach to characterize the mirnas and their targeted transcripts in the leaf, flower and fruit of sweet orange.201425142253
xcc-facilitated agroinfiltration of citrus leaves: a tool for rapid functional analysis of transgenes in citrus leaves.xanthomonas citri subsp. citri pretreatment before agroinfiltration could significantly promote transient expression in citrus leaves which were previously recalcitrant to agroinfiltration. transient expression via agroinfiltration is widely used in biotechnology but remains problematic in many economically important plants. xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc)-facilitated agroinfiltration was employed to promote transient protein expression in valencia sweet orange leaves, which are recalcitran ...201425146436
genome wide characterization of short tandem repeat markers in sweet orange (citrus sinensis).sweet orange (citrus sinensis) is one of the major cultivated and most-consumed citrus species. with the goal of enhancing the genomic resources in citrus, we surveyed, developed and characterized microsatellite markers in the ≈347 mb sequence assembly of the sweet orange genome. a total of 50,846 ssrs were identified with a frequency of 146.4 ssrs/mbp. dinucleotide repeats are the most frequent repeat class and the highest density of ssrs was found in chromosome 4. ssrs are non-randomly distrib ...201425148383
immobilization of xylanase purified from bacillus pumilus vlk-1 and its application in enrichment of orange and grape juices.this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of purified free and immobilized xylanase in enrichment of fruit juices. extracellular xylanase produced from bacillus pumilus vlk-1 was purified to apparent homogeneity by 15.4-fold with 88.3 % recovery in a single step using cm-sephadex c-50. purified xylanase showed a single band on sds-polyacrylamide gel with a molecular mass of 22.0 kda. the purified enzyme was immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated aluminum oxide pellets and the immobiliza ...201425190829
phenology of asian citrus psyllid (hemiptera: liviidae) and associated parasitoids on two species of citrus, kinnow mandarin and sweet orange, in punjab pakistan.the population phenology of asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama, was monitored weekly for 110 wk on two species of citrus, kinnow mandarin and sweet orange, at two different research sites in faisalabad, punjab pakistan. citrus flush growth patterns were monitored and natural enemy surveys were conducted weekly. flush patterns were similar for kinnow and sweet orange. however, flush on sweet orange was consistently more heavily infested with asian citrus psyllid than kinnow flush; de ...201425198345
validated method for phytohormone quantification in plants.phytohormones are long time known as important components of signaling cascades in plant development and plant responses to various abiotic and biotic challenges. quantifications of phytohormone levels in plants are typically carried out using gc or lc-ms/ms systems, due to their high sensitivity, specificity, and the fact that not much sample preparation is needed. however, mass spectrometer-based analyses are often affected by the particular sample type (different matrices), extraction procedu ...201425206356
metabolic profiling reveals altered pattern of central metabolism in navel orange plants as a result of boron deficiency.we focused on the changes of metabolite profiles in navel orange plants under long-term boron (b) deficiency using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) approach. curling of the leaves and leaf chlorosis were observed only in the upper leaves (present before start of the treatment) of b-deficient plants, while the lower leaves (grown during treatment) did not show any visible symptoms. the metabolites with up-accumulation in b-deficient leaves were mainly proline, l-ornithine, lysine, g ...201525212059
comparison of carotenoid accumulation and biosynthetic gene expression between valencia and rohde red valencia sweet oranges.carotenoid accumulation and biosynthetic gene expression levels during fruit maturation were compared between ordinary valencia (val) and its more deeply colored mutant rohde red valencia orange (rrv). the two cultivars exhibited different carotenoid profiles and regulatory mechanisms in flavedo and juice sacs, respectively. in flavedo, there was uncoordinated carotenoid accumulation and gene expression in rrv during green stages, which might be related to the expression of certain gene(s) in th ...201425219303
comparison of the inhibition of monoamine oxidase and butyrylcholinesterase activities by infusions from green tea and some citrus peels.this study sought to investigate the effect of infusions from green tea (camellia sinensis) and some citrus peels [shaddock (citrus maxima), grapefruit (citrus paradisi), and orange (citrus sinensis)] on key enzymes relevant to the management of neurodegenerative conditions [monoamine oxidase (mao) and butyrylcholinesterase (bche)]. the total phenol contents and antioxidant activities as typified by their 2,2(')-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (abts) radicals scavenging abiliti ...201425243093
evaluation of the anti-proliferative and cytostatic effect of citrus sinensis (orange) fruit juice.this work has been designed to evaluate the anti-proliferative and cytostatic effects of citrus sinensis (orange) fruit juice on rapidly proliferating cells.201425298937
genome-wide identification and phylogenetic analysis of the ap2/erf gene superfamily in sweet orange (citrus sinensis).sweet orange (citrus sinensis) plays an important role in the economy of more than 140 countries, but it is grown in areas with intermittent stressful soil and climatic conditions. the stress tolerance could be addressed by manipulating the ethylene response factor (erf) transcription factors because they orchestrate plant responses to environmental stress. we performed an in silico study on the erfs in the expressed sequence tag database of c. sinensis to identify potential genes that regulate ...201425299098
involvements of pcd and changes in gene expression profile during self-pruning of spring shoots in sweet orange (citrus sinensis).citrus shoot tips abscise at an anatomically distinct abscission zone (az) that separates the top part of the shoots into basal and apical portions (citrus self-pruning). cell separation occurs only at the az, which suggests its cells have distinctive molecular regulation. although several studies have looked into the morphological aspects of self-pruning process, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown.201425308090
cyclic lipopeptides from bacillus subtilis abs-s14 elicit defense-related gene expression in citrus fruit.effects of cyclic lipopeptides (clps) obtained from bacillus subtilis abs-s14 on eliciting defense-related gene transcription and activity of defense-related enzymes; glucanase (glu), chitinase (chi), peroxidase (pox) and lipoxygenase (lox) in citrus sinensis cv. valencia fruit were determined. the maximum level of glu transcripts induced in fruit treated with fengycin was significantly greatest among treatments at 48 h. surfactin enhanced the lox and pox transcripts. in parallel, corresponding ...201425329301
anti-hiv-1 activity of eight monofloral iranian honey types.monofloral iranian honeys from eight floral sources were analyzed to determine their anti-hiv-1 activities as well as their effects on lymphocyte proliferation. the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) used in this study were prepared from five healthy volunteers who were seronegative for hiv, hcv, hbv and tb. the anti-hiv-1 activity of eight different honeys was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay and high pure viral nucleic acid kit. the results demonstrated t ...201425333699
stable silver nanoparticles synthesis by citrus sinensis (orange) and assessing activity against food poisoning microbes.silver nanoparticles are considered as good antimicrobial agent. agnps were synthesized by mixing silver nitrate solution with citrus sinesis extract for 2 h at 37 °c and analyzed by uv-visible spectra, sem, xrd, and ftir. agnps were tested against b. subtilis, shigella, s. aureus, and e. coli. minimum inhibitory concentration of agnps was 20 µg/ml for b. subtilis and shigella and 30 µg/ml for s. aureus and e. coli. antibiofilm activity (80% to 90%) was observed at 25 µg/ml. agnps were stable fo ...201425341818
high incidence of preharvest colonization of huanglongbing-symptomatic citrus sinensis fruit by lasiodiplodia theobromae (diplodia natalensis) and exacerbation of postharvest fruit decay by that fungus.huanglongbing (hlb), presumably caused by the bacterium "candidatus liberibacter asiaticus," is a devastating citrus disease associated with excessive preharvest fruit drop. lasiodiplodia theobromae (diplodia) is the causal organism of citrus stem end rot (ser). the pathogen infects citrus fruit under the calyx abscission zone (az-c) and is associated with cell wall hydrolytic enzymes similar to plant enzymes involved in abscission. by means of dna sequencing, diplodia was found in "ca. liberiba ...201525344245
cdna-aflp analysis reveals the adaptive responses of citrus to long-term boron-toxicity.boron (b)-toxicity is an important disorder in agricultural regions across the world. seedlings of 'sour pummelo' (citrus grandis) and 'xuegan' (citrus sinensis) were fertigated every other day until drip with 10 μm (control) or 400 μm (b-toxic) h3bo3 in a complete nutrient solution for 15 weeks. the aims of this study were to elucidate the adaptive mechanisms of citrus plants to b-toxicity and to identify b-tolerant genes.201425348611
genome-wide classification and evolutionary and expression analyses of citrus myb transcription factor families in sweet orange.myb family genes are widely distributed in plants and comprise one of the largest transcription factors involved in various developmental processes and defense responses of plants. to date, few myb genes and little expression profiling have been reported for citrus. here, we describe and classify 177 members of the sweet orange myb gene (csmyb) family in terms of their genomic gene structures and similarity to their putative arabidopsis orthologs. according to these analyses, these csmybs were c ...201425375352
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