Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of shigella isolates in kigali, rwanda (1983 to 1993): increasing frequency of multiple resistance. | the serotype distribution and susceptibility to nine antibiotics was determined for 2491 shigella isolates cultured in the medical laboratory of the centre hospitalier de kigali, rwanda, during 1983 to 1993. overall, shigella flexneri was the most frequent species, ranking before shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, and shigella dysenteriae. however, the relative frequency of the different shigella spp. showed an important variability over time. s flexneri increased from 40% in 1983 to 68% of the i ... | 1997 | 9327243 |
| [studies on bacillary dysentery cases of overseas travellers--during 1979 to 1995]. | a total of 36,780,440 overseas travellers during 1979-1995 (17 years) were quarantined at osaka and kansai airport quarantine station, 84,777 travellers reported themselves suffer from diarrhoea. stools from 29,587 persons were bacteriologically examined. various enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 9,766 (33.0%) patients of the stools examined. isolated species were as follows: plesiomonas shigelloides (3,234 cases); salmonella spp. (2,236 cases); enterotoxgenic escherichia coli (1,621 ... | 1997 | 9391324 |
| microbiological screening of indian medicinal plants with special reference to enteropathogens. | the world health organisation (who) has recommended that all member states actively promote native medicines in their country. ten indian medicinal plants were screened for antibacterial activity specific to enteropathogens. diffusion and dilution methods were used to measure the antibacterial activity. allium sativum, camellia sinensis, and chamaesyce hirta showed higher activity when compared to the rest. they had a minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of < 100 micrograms/ml and gave inhib ... | 1997 | 9395690 |
| a succinylanthranilic acid ester and other bioactive constituents of jolyna laminarioides. | methyl 2-[propanamide-2'-methoxycarbonyl] benzoate, fucosterol, trans-phytol and p-formylphenol were isolated for the first time from a methanolic extract of jolyna laminarioides. methyl 2-[propanamide-2'-methoxycarbonyl]-benzoate exhibited chymotrypsin inhibitory activity and also found to be active against escherichia coli and shigella boydii. fucosterol exhibited antifungal activity against curvularia lunata, stachybotrys atra and microsporum canis. | 1997 | 9423291 |
| plasmid profiles of drug resistant shigella boydii types 1-5, 8, 10, 12-14 from ethiopia (1974-85). | plasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis was performed on 42 drug resistant strains of shigella boydii serotypes 1-5, 8, 10, 12-14, collected between 1974 and 1985 from endemic cases of shigellosis in ethiopia, and their escherichia coli k12 transconjugants. resistance factors (r factors) were further characterized by incompatibility testing. patterns of small plasmids, less than 15 kb, were similar within each of the individual s. boydii serotypes. plasmids of about 3.3-3.7 kb we ... | 1997 | 9440431 |
| increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in shigellas from humans in england and wales: recommendations for therapy. | since 1983 the incidence of resistance to ampicillin in shigella dysenteriae, sh. flexneri, and sh. boydii infections in england and wales has increased from 42% to 65% and the incidence of resistance to trimethoprim, from 6% to 64%. furthermore, of 1524 strains received in 1995-1996, 46% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. for sh. sonnei almost 50% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin or trimethoprim and 15% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. these results demonstra ... | 1998 | 9533726 |
| binding of shigella to rat and human intestinal mucin. | invasion of epithelial cells by shigella is an early step in their pathogenesis. adherence is generally presumed to be a prerequisite for invasion. this study examined the possibility of intestinal mucins serving as initial binding sites for clinical isolates of s. boydii and s. sonnei. the interactions of shigella with rat and human small intestinal and colonic mucin were investigated. in solid phase binding assays, [35s] labelled shigella did not show any preferential binding to rat/human smal ... | 1998 | 9546608 |
| using epidemiologic tools to control an outbreak of diarrhoea in a textile factory, bulawayo, zimbabwe. | dysentery is endemic in zimbabwe. more than 260,000 cases and a case fatality of four per thousand were reported in 1993. in late july 1994, the health services department in bulawayo was informed of two cases of shigella dysenteriae type i at a textile factory that employs 138 workers. workers were interviewed at the factory regarding the date of the onset of illness, symptoms, food consumed, and treatment received. factory water supply, cooking, and sanitary facilities were inspected. stool an ... | 1997 | 9557445 |
| [antibacterial activity of lactobacilli]. | the antagonistic action of lactobacilli is an important factor in the protection of the vagina of fertile women from infection by other microorganisms. in the present study the authors investigated 17 strains of lactobacilli, incl. 11 of vaginal origin. the objective was to investigate in more detail the antibacterial activity of lactobacilli and to attempt to assess substances responsible for inhibition. the investigated lactobacilli inhibited some strains of escherichia coli, serratia marcesce ... | 1998 | 9611889 |
| [the adaptation of therapeutic standards as a function of antibiotic sensitivity of strains of shigella spp. isolated in rwanda in 1997]. | 1997 | 9612786 | |
| the tip of the hydrophobic hairpin of colicin u is dispensable for colicin u activity but is important for interaction with the immunity protein. | the hydrophobic c terminus of pore-forming colicins associates with and inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane and is the target of the respective immunity protein. the hydrophobic region of colicin u of shigella boydii was mutated to identify determinants responsible for recognition of colicin u by the colicin u immunity protein. deletion of the tip of the hydrophobic hairpin of colicin u resulted in a fully active colicin that was no longer inactivated by the colicin u immunity protein. replace ... | 1998 | 9696757 |
| inhibition of bacterial pathogens by lactobacilli. | lactobacilli produce many antimicrobial substances including organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins. antagonistic activity of lactobacilli is an important factor in the protection of the vagina of fertile women against infection by certain pathogens. in the present study, we investigated 17 strains of lactobacilli, including 11 strains of vaginal origin. the aim was to investigate in more detail the antibacterial activity of lactobacilli and to attempt to assess substances responsible ... | 1998 | 9861683 |
| shigella and the fluorinated quinolones. | between july 1996 to june 1997 a total of 531 stool samples from cases of acute diarrhoea, dysentry, colitis admitted to kasturba medical college hospital, manipal were investigated. shigella were isolated from 29 samples (5.46%). out of them, shigella flexneri were 16 (55.17%), shigella boydii 8 (27.58%), shigella dysentriae 3 (10.34%) and shigella sonnei 2 (6.89%). five strains of shigella flexneri and one strain of shigella dysentriae were found to show resistance to nalidixic acid and the ne ... | 1998 | 9866907 |
| identification of shigella boydii in colonic malacoplakia by universal bacterial 16s ribosomal dna-based amplification in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. | 1999 | 10028087 | |
| a study on transferable r-plasmids among shigella species at lucknow. | a total of 500 shigella strains were included in the present study out of which 233 were isolated at national shigella centre of postgraduate department of microbiology, k.g. medical college, lucknow during last 5 years and 267 strains were received from different parts of the country. predominent serotypes were sheigella flexneri 292 (48.4%) followed by shigella dysenteriae 153 (30.6%), shigella boydii 32 (6.4%) and shigella sonnei 23 (4.6%). all the strains were sensitive to nalidix acid, gent ... | 1997 | 10085641 |
| the aerobactin iron transport system genes in shigella flexneri are present within a pathogenicity island. | genes encoding the synthesis and transport of aerobactin, a hydroxamate siderophore associated with increased virulence of enteric bacteria, were mapped within a pathogenicity island in shigella flexneri. the island, designated shi-2 for shigella pathogenicity island 2, was located downstream of selc, the site of insertion of pathogenicity islands in several other enteric pathogens. dna sequence analysis revealed the presence of multiple insertion sequences upstream and downstream of the aerobac ... | 1999 | 10411724 |
| severe shigellosis in childhood. | a prospective study was performed on 20 bacteriologically proven pediatric cases of severe shigellosis admitted to the department of pediatrics, chulalongkorn hospital during march 1989 to march 1990. fourteen patients were male and six were female. shigella b was found in 85% and shigella d in 15% of cases. the major indications for admission were convulsions and dehydration. fifteen per cent of cases had underlying malignancies and 42.1% had malnutrition. most patients had a peak of fever betw ... | 1998 | 10437956 |
| global burden of shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies. | few studies provide data on the global morbidity and mortality caused by infection with shigella spp.; such estimates are needed, however, to plan strategies of prevention and treatment. here we report the results of a review of the literature published between 1966 and 1997 on shigella infection. the data obtained permit calculation of the number of cases of shigella infection and the associated mortality occurring worldwide each year, by age, and (as a proxy for disease severity) by clinical c ... | 1999 | 10516787 |
| shigella boydii as cause of malacoplakia in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. | 1999 | 10585840 | |
| antimicrobial resistance trends in shigella serogroups isolated in israel, 1990-1995. | from a total of 31319 shigella strains isolated in israel between 1990 and 1996, 17574 were sent to the national shigella reference center for typing. of these, 15287 were identified as shigella sonnei, 1833 as shigella flexneri, 327 as shigella boydii and 127 as shigella dysenteriae. in all, 4395 strains were tested for sensitivity to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and ofloxacin. all strains tested were sensitive to ofloxacin, and only t ... | 2000 | 10746496 |
| [antimicrobial resistance of shigella spp. in córdoba, argentina, during the period 1990-1997]. | this study analyzed the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in 771 isolates of shigella spp. obtained from a total of 9,195 feces cultures done between 1990 and 1997 in a children's hospital in córdoba, argentina. s. flexneri, which was responsible for 73% of the shigella infections, was the species with the greatest resistance. the frequency of s. flexneri resistance to the three antibiotics most used (ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol) increased from 10% in 1990 ... | 2000 | 10748662 |
| expression of fimbriae and hemagglutination activity in shigella boydii. | this report describes the presence of type 1 fimbriae on shigella boydii 5 which agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes and feature mannose-sensitive adherence. morphologically, the fimbriae were thin, rigid cylinders 2-5 microm in length and 35 nm in diameter, and the organella retained axial holes. this is the first study to have revealed the existence of type 1 fimbriae on s. boydii. | 2000 | 10941937 |
| clonal relationships among shigella serotypes suggested by cryptic flagellin gene polymorphism. | the presence of cryptic flic alleles in the genomes of 120 strains representative of the four shigella species was investigated. one fragment was obtained by pcr amplification of flic, with a size varying from 1.2 to 3.2 kbp, depending on the species or serotype. after digestion with endonuclease hhai, the number of fragments in patterns varied from three to nine, with sizes of between 115 and 1,020 bp. patterns sharing most of their bands were grouped to constitute an f type. a total of 17 diff ... | 2001 | 11158126 |
| downregulation of bactericidal peptides in enteric infections: a novel immune escape mechanism with bacterial dna as a potential regulator. | antibacterial peptides are active defense components of innate immunity. several studies confirm their importance at epithelial surfaces as immediate barrier effectors in preventing infection. here we report that early in shigella spp. infections, expression of the antibacterial peptides ll-37 and human beta-defensin-1 is reduced or turned off. the downregulation is detected in biopsies from patients with bacillary dysenteries and in shigella- infected cell cultures of epithelial and monocyte or ... | 2001 | 11175848 |
| detection of bacteria from biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | a rapid method for identifying specific bacteria from complex biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been developed. the technique employs commercially available magnetic beads coated with polycolonal antibodies raised against specific bacteria and whole cell analysis by maldi-ms. a suspension of a bacterial mixture is mixed with the immunomagnetic beads specific for the target microorganism. ... | 2001 | 11404843 |
| the shi-3 iron transport island of shigella boydii 0-1392 carries the genes for aerobactin synthesis and transport. | in shigella boydii 0-1392, genes encoding the synthesis and transport of the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin are located within a 21-kb iron transport island between lysu and the pheu trna gene. dna sequence analysis of the s. boydii 0-1392 island, designated shi-3 for shigella island 3, revealed a conserved aerobactin operon associated with a p4 prophage-like integrase gene and numerous insertion sequences (is). shi-3 is present at the pheu trna locus in some s. boydii isolates but not in ot ... | 2001 | 11418557 |
| characterization of cryptic flagellin genes in shigella boydii and shigella dysenteriae. | flagellin (flic) genes of 12 shigella boydii and five shigella dysenteriae strains were characterized. though these strains are nonmotile, the cryptic flicsb gene, cloned from s. boydii strain c3, is functional for expression of flagellin. it consists of 1,704 bp, and encodes 568 amino acid residues (57,918 da). the flicsd gene from s. dysenteriae strain 16 consists of 1,650 bp encoding 549 amino acid residues (57,591 da) and contains an is1 element inserted in its 3' end. the two genes are comp ... | 2001 | 11434456 |
| dysentery in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in zimbabwe: an emerging role for schistosoma mansoni and escherichia coli o157? | information on bloody diarrhoea in hiv-positives is scarce. a prospective study was therefore performed, in zimbabwe, to determine and compare the pathogens associated with bloody diarrhoea in 25 antiretroviral-naïve hiv-infected patients and 15 non-hiv-infected patients. stool cultures and colonic biopsies were performed. shigella was isolated from 18 (45%) of the subjects, schistosoma mansoni from eight (16%), escherichia coli h7:o157 from three (8%) and campylobacter jejunii from two (5%). th ... | 2001 | 11487372 |
| correlation between congo red binding and contact haemolysin production in shigella species. | haemolytic strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii and shigella sonnei cultured on congo red agar produced pigmented colonies (pcr+) whereas nonhaemolytic strains produced white colonies and did not bind congo red (pcr-). s. flexneri-1 haemolysin negative mutant (lacking plasmid) of haemolysin positive prototroph also did not bind congo red and produced nonpigmented colonies. among the twelve strains of shigella included in this study, the characteristics of co ... | 2001 | 11491522 |
| sequence analysis of four shigella boydii o-antigen loci: implication for escherichia coli and shigella relationships. | shigella strains are in reality clones of escherichia coli and are believed to have emerged relatively recently (g. m. pupo, r. lan, and p. r. reeves, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 97:10567-10572, 2000). there are 33 o-antigen forms in these shigella clones, of which 12 are identical to o antigens of other e. coli strains. we sequenced o-antigen gene clusters from shigella boydii serotypes 4, 5, 6, and 9 and also studied the o53- and o79-antigen gene clusters of e. coli, encoding o antigens identic ... | 2001 | 11598067 |
| gene cloning and characterization of alanine racemases from shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, and shigella sonnei. | alanine racemase genes (alr) from shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, and shigella sonnei were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli jm109. all genes encoded a polypeptide of 359 amino acids, and showed more than 99% sequence identities with each other. in particular, the s. dysenteriae alr was identical with the s. flexneri alr. differences in the amino acid sequences between the four shigella enzymes were only two residues: gly138 in s. dysenteriae and s. flexneri (glu ... | 2001 | 11676496 |
| validation of salmonellosis and shigellosis diagnostic test kits at a provincial hospital in thailand. | rapid diagnosis of salmonellosis and shigellosis was performed using six different diagnostic test kits which recently have been made available commercially. they were salmo-dot, typhi-dot, shigel dot a, b, c, and d test kits for detection of salmonella spp., group d salmonellae, and groups a, b, c, and d shigella spp., respectively. the principle of all test kits is a membrane (dot) elisa using specific monoclonal antibodies to the respective pathogens as the detection reagents. the present stu ... | 2001 | 11699718 |
| [various mechanisms of the depriming effect of bacterial endotoxin on drug metabolism]. | the effect of an endotoxin from sh. boydii on the biotransformation of amidopyrine and acetanilide, the activity of microsomal monooxygenases, hemoxygenase, and xanthine oxidase, the lipid peroxidation (lpo) intensity, the phospholipid spectrum, and the solubilization of microsomal membrane components was studied by intraperitoneal injections (2.5 mg/kg) in rats. it was found that the endotoxin inhibits the reactions of c- and n-acetanilide hydroxylation, n-amidopyrine demethylation, acetanilide ... | 2001 | 11764504 |
| [isolation of provisional serovars of shigella in diarrheal cases of tourists]. | twenty-four shigella strains of provisional serovars were isolated from travellers with diarrhea during 1993-2000 at osaka airport- and kansai airport-quarantine station. the outline of these cases were as follows. 1) the provisional serovars of these strains (number of cases) were s. dysenteriae 93-119 (2), s. dysenteriae 204/96 (4), s. dysenteriae i9809-73 (4), s. flexneri 88-893 (9), and s. boydii e16553 (5). 2) symptoms of these cases were diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. the r ... | 2001 | 11806136 |
| [shigella boydii strains possessing a new serovar (sm00-27) isolated from diarrhea of overseas travelers in japan]. | five shigella strains isolated from stool cultures of five sporadic imported diarrheal cases in japan during 1999-2001, did not react to any antisera of the established shigella serovars. these strains had the typical biochemical characteristics of shigella boydii, and were biochemically identical. all strains were positive in a pcr assay and a cultured-cell invasion test for invasiveness; these indicate that they can cause shigellosis in humans. the results of antigenic analysis revealed that t ... | 2002 | 12030026 |
| [dysentery in poland in 2000]. | the notified number of dysentery cases is still falling down since the year 1995 when bacteriological examination of feces for diagnostic purposes lost free of charge status obtained in 1928 under the legislation act of infectious disease investigation and obligatory registration. only 121 dysentery cases were notified in the year 2000 (incidence 0.31/100,000 population), while 292 cases were notified in 1999 (incidence 0.76/100,000). no one death case was notified. only 2 outbreaks (one due to ... | 2002 | 12371362 |
| subunit interaction of monomeric alanine racemases from four shigella species in catalytic reaction. | bacterial alanine racemases are classified into two types of subunit structure (monomer and homodimer). to clarify the catalytic unit of monomeric alanine racemases, we examined the apparent molecular mass of the monomeric alanine racemases from shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, and shigella sonnei by gel filtration in the presence of the substrate and inhibitor. the enzymes were eluted on gel filtration as a monomer of about 39,000 da at low protein concentration and in ... | 2003 | 12725937 |
| the is1 elements in shigella boydii: horizontal transfer, vertical inactivation and target duplication. | is1(sb) and its two variants were identified as the major and minor is1 elements in shigella boydii. the nucleotide sequences of is1(sb), is1(o157:h7) from escherichia coli o157:h7 and is1f from e. coli k12 suggest that these is1 elements had been horizontally transferred among s. boydii and e. coli o157:h7 and k12. the two is1(sb) variants and is1(o157:h7) have transposition activities 7- to 86-fold less than that of is1(sb), whereas is1f has little transposition activity. analysis of the flank ... | 2003 | 12770720 |
| catecholamines and in vitro growth of pathogenic bacteria: enhancement of growth varies greatly among bacterial species. | the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of catecholamines on in vitro growth of a range of bacterial species, including anaerobes. bacteria tested included: porphyromonas gingivalis, bacteriodes fragilis, shigella boydii, shigella sonnie, enterobacter sp, and salmonella choleraesuis. the results of the current study indicated that supplementation of bacterial cultures in minimal medium with norepinephrine or epinephrine did not result in increased growth of bacteria. positive contro ... | 2003 | 12865092 |
| [dysentery in poland in 2001]. | the notified number of dysentery cases is still very low, similar to the number reported in 2000. only 128 cases were notified in the year 2001 (incidence 0.33/100,000 population) while 121 cases were notified in 2000 (incidence 0.31/100,000). no death due to dysentery was notified. the last three death cases were notified in 1999. only one outbreak of foodborne infection due to s. sonnei involving 28 patients was registered, less than in 2000 when 2 outbreaks, one due to s. flexneri and one due ... | 2003 | 12926313 |
| a cross-reactive polyol-responsive monoclonal antibody useful for isolation of core rna polymerase from many bacterial species. | the use of antibodies for protein purification is a powerful technique but the release of the target protein in its active form is often difficult. so called "polyol-responsive" monoclonal antibodies (pr-mabs) have a feature that allows elution of the antigen under very gentle conditions, so that even multi-subunit proteins can be released in their active form. in this work a pr-mab, 8rb13, was isolated that can purify rna polymerase (rnap) from many different bacterial species. high specificity ... | 2003 | 12963353 |
| [new type of shigella boydii provisional serotype ca/792]. | 1953 | 13111658 | |
| [a paracolobactrum having a somatic antigen of the provisional type shigella boydii 11 and of e. coli o 105]. | 1953 | 13148786 | |
| [some characteristics of shigella sonnei and shigella boydii 6; their value for differential diagnosis]. | 1954 | 13158954 | |
| provisional shigella boydii infections in egyptian children. | 1954 | 13174506 | |
| [serologic characteristics of the shigella sonnei mutant rapidly fermenting lactose; antigenic relation between shigella sonnei phase il and shigella boydii 6]. | 1954 | 13218368 | |
| [shigella boydii; temporary types and classification of the group]. | 1955 | 13300382 | |
| [isolation of shigella boydii 2 in germany]. | 1955 | 13300391 | |
| shigella boydii serotypes in egypt. | 1956 | 13331864 | |
| [not available]. | 1956 | 13340481 | |
| [comparative study of shigella boydii 3 and a paracolobactrum anaerogenes]. | 1956 | 13363037 | |
| [biochemical and serological properties of shigella boydii]. | 1957 | 13505354 | |
| [studies on antigenic structure of shigella boydii]. | 1958 | 13553992 | |
| action of colicines on shigella boydii and on their rough and mucoid variants. | 1958 | 13554569 | |
| a strain of escherichia coli identical in antigenic structure with shigella boydii 8. | 1958 | 13562980 | |
| [shigella boydii dysentery]. | 1958 | 13604508 | |
| outbreak of dysentery caused by shigella boydii 4. | 1960 | 13805097 | |
| [on the recognition of shigella boydii 11]. | 1960 | 13834327 | |
| the relationship of the enterobacterium a 12 (sachs) to shigella boydii 14. | 1961 | 13876784 | |
| [the occurence of shigella boydii in poland in 1957-1963]. | 1964 | 14328147 | |
| an outbreak of dysentery caused by shigella boydii 7. | 1955 | 14387962 | |
| identification and characterization of simple sequence repeats in the genomes of shigella species. | a variety of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) have been identified in the genome of shigella flexneri serotype 2a (strain sf301), an enteric pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery in man. the distribution of ssrs, with unit length ranging from 1 to 9 nucleotides, was biased in different regions of the genome. the tri-, tetra- and hexanucleotide ssrs prevailed in the coding regions while the mono- and dinucleotide ssrs were more common in the noncoding regions. many intergenic ssrs are less than ... | 2003 | 14644500 |
| structural and genetic characterization of the shigella boydii type 13 o antigen. | shigella is an important human pathogen. it is generally agreed that shigella and escherichia coli constitute a single species; the only exception is shigella boydii type 13, which is more distantly related to e. coli and other shigella forms and seems to represent another species. this gives s. boydii type 13 an important status in evolution. o antigen is the polysaccharide part of the lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and plays an important role in pathogenicit ... | 2004 | 14702307 |
| [three strains of shigella boydii related to a previously described type]. | 1951 | 14868880 | |
| two provisional shigella boydii serotypes. | 1951 | 14875881 | |
| provisional shigella boydii 9. | 1951 | 14875925 | |
| thermolabile antigens of shigella boydii 2 cultures with special reference to an encapsulated culture. | 1951 | 14891934 | |
| [contribution to the study of bacillary dysentery in the belgian congo; two new types of shigella boydii]. | 1951 | 14924383 | |
| the o-antigen gene cluster of shigella boydii o11 and functional identification of its wzy gene. | shigella strains are human pathogens and their identification is usually based on their o-antigens. the o-antigen gene cluster of shigella boydii o11 was sequenced. all the expected genes for the synthesis of the o-antigen were identified on the basis of homology and genes for the biosynthesis of dtdp-l-rhamnose, genes encoding sugar transferases, as well as genes encoding o unit flippase (wzx) and o-antigen polymerase (wzy). the identity of the putative wzy gene was confirmed by showing that a ... | 2004 | 15109730 |
| laboratory-confirmed shigellosis in the united states, 1989-2002: epidemiologic trends and patterns. | during 1989-2002, a total of 208,368 laboratory-confirmed shigella infections were reported to the centers for disease control and prevention. shigella sonnei accounted for 71.7%, shigella flexneri accounted for 18.4%, shigella boydii accounted for 1.6%, and shigella dysenteriae accounted for 0.7% of infections; for 7.6%, no serogroup was reported. national incidence rates ranged from 7.6 cases per 100,000 persons in 1993 to 3.7 cases per 100,000 persons in 1999. incidence rates for s. boydii, s ... | 2004 | 15156473 |
| [dysentery in poland in 2002]. | the notified number of dysentery cases was still very low, but a little higher than in 2001. only 220 cases were notified in the year 2002 (incidence 0.58/100,000 population) while 128 cases were notified in 2001 (incidence 0.33/100,000). no one death case was notified. four outbreaks of dysentery were observed: among them one foodborne infection due to s. sonnei involving 109 participants of a summer holiday camp for children from the poor families and one due to s. flexneri 2a involving 16 pat ... | 2004 | 15218646 |
| epidemiological features of a newly described serotype of shigella boydii. | we report the clinical, microbiological, and epidemiological features of an emerging serotype, shigella boydii 20. we interviewed patients about symptoms, and history of travel and visitors during the week before illness onset. seventy-five per cent of the 56 patients were hispanic. during the week before illness onset, 18 (32%) travelled abroad; 17 (94%) had visited mexico. eight (21%) out of 38 who had not travelled had foreign visitors. there were eight closely related patterns by pfge with x ... | 2004 | 15310158 |
| [a new antigenic type of shigella boydii]. | 1950 | 15413827 | |
| the isolation of shigella boydii type 7 (lavington) from a case of diarrhea. | 1950 | 15432344 | |
| [a case of inactive escherichia coli isolated from feces initially suspected to be shigella boydii subgroup c serotype 14 by conventional biochemical tests in tubes]. | a small number of colorless colonies grew from dhl agar of feces culture taken as part of a complete physical for a 42 year-old woman who had lived in singapore for several years. when cultured for first-stage identification using conventional biochemical tests in tubes for enterobacteriaceae, such as tsi agar slant and sim medium, the results for lactose reaction (-), saccharose reaction (-), gas (very weak +) and motility (-) were obtained, and shigella spp. was suspected. serological tests (b ... | 2003 | 15552836 |
| spectroscopic quantification of bacteria using artificial neural networks. | fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, in conjunction with artificial neural networks, has been used for identification and classification of selected foodborne pathogens. five bacterial species (enterococcus faecium, salmonella enteritidis, bacillus cereus, yersinia enterocolitica, shigella boydii) and five escherichia coli strains (o103, o55, o121, o30, o26) suspended in phosphate-buffered saline were enumerated to provide seven different concentrations ranging from 10(9) to 10(3) cfu/ ml. t ... | 2004 | 15553640 |
| experimental analysis of antimicrobial action of dicyclomine hydrochloride. | dicyclomine hydrochloride is an antispasmodic agent. the mic of dicyclomine against standard strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria were performed by nccls broth dilution technique. these drugs showed a rapid killing action on gram positive bacteria, staphylococcus aureus nctc 6571, 8530 and several other reference strains. the killing effect against gram negative bacteria, shigella boydii 8 nctc 254/66 and salmonella typhimurium nctc 74 showed that the drug was bacteriostatic with ... | 2004 | 15577222 |
| evolutionary genetics of a new pathogenic escherichia species: escherichia albertii and related shigella boydii strains. | a bacterium originally described as hafnia alvei induces diarrhea in rabbits and causes epithelial damage similar to the attachment and effacement associated with enteropathogenic escherichia coli. subsequent studies identified similar h. alvei-like strains that are positive for an intimin gene (eae) probe and, based on dna relatedness, are classified as a distinct escherichia species, escherichia albertii. we determined sequences for multiple housekeeping genes in five e. albertii strains and c ... | 2005 | 15629933 |
| spectroscopic characterization of microorganisms by fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. | spectroscopic fingerprints of bacteria were investigated by fourier transform infrared (ftir) microspectroscopy for the elucidation of chemical composition and structural information during growth. good differentiation of six microorganisms was achieved down to the strain level. the inherent compositional and structural differences of cell envelopes and cytoplasm were investigated and utilized to obtain more detailed analysis of the spectroscopic features. bands or regions of key functional grou ... | 2005 | 15700299 |
| shigellosis caused by shigella boydii in a preterm neonate, masquerading as necrotizing enterocolitis. | a rare case of neonatal shigellosis caused by shigella boydii in a preterm neonate, severe enough to necessitate intensive care support, is presented. the roles of breast-feeding, hand-washing and surveillance for enteric infections in the prevention of shigellosis in low risk settings such as a special care baby unit are highlighted. | 2005 | 15702053 |
| molecular strategies for the detection, identification, and differentiation between enteroinvasive escherichia coli and shigella spp. | a strategy for the detection, identification, and differentiation of enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) and shigella spp. has been developed. the strategy includes (i) a multiplex pcr for the amplification of two virulence genes, i.e., iuc (222 bp) and ipah (629 bp); (ii) amplification of the ial gene (a 1,038-bp amplicon) located within a large plasmid; and (iii) restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the ial gene amplicon. the multiplex pcr provided three patterns. pattern 1 (i ... | 2005 | 15726963 |
| shigella antibiotic resistance in central turkey: comparison of the years 1987-1994 and 1995-2002. | the epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of shigella species changes over time. updated susceptibility knowledge is necessary for appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. | 2005 | 15735493 |
| comparative analysis of shigella boydii 18 foodborne outbreak isolate and related enteric bacteria: role of rpos and adia in acid stress response. | shigella boydii cdph (chicago department of public health) serotype 18 was implicated in an outbreak of foodborne illness in 1998. the suspected food vehicles were parsley and cilantro imported from mexico used to prepare bean salad. previous studies revealed that s. boydii cdph serotype 18 can survive in bean salad, which contains organic acids and whose ph decreases over time. acid challenge assays in acidified tryptic soy broth at ph 4.5, acidified luria-bertani broth at ph 4.5, and acidified ... | 2005 | 15771176 |
| comparison of chromogenic shigella spp. plating medium with standard media for the recovery of shigella boydii and shigella sonnei from tomato surfaces. | isolation of shigella spp. from food is difficult because of a lack of appropriate selective media and the presence of low numbers of shigellae relative to competitive microorganisms. chromogenic shigella spp. plating medium (cspm) was evaluated for use with the u.s. food and drug administration bacteriological analytical manual (bam) enrichment procedure for isolation of artificially contaminated shigella boydii ui02 and shigella sonnei ui05 from tomato surfaces. tomatoes were inoculated with v ... | 2005 | 15771194 |
| structural and genetic characterization of the shigella boydii type 10 and type 6 o antigens. | comparison of the o antigens of shigella boydii types 10 and 6 by chemical analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that their structures are similar, with the only difference being the presence or absence of d-ribofuranose, which is the immunodominant sugar in s. boydii type 10. in s. boydii type 6, a residue previously reported as alpha-d-glcpa, was shown to be beta-d-glcpa as in s. boydii type 10. s. boydii types 10 and 6 are reported not to cross-react serologically, and t ... | 2005 | 15774901 |
| isolation and characterization of provisional serovar shigella boydii e16553 from diarrhoeal patients in bangladesh. | in previous studies with strains of the shigella dysenteriae provisional serovars e22383 and e23507 from diarrhoeal stools from patients in bangladesh, two strains of shigella species were identified as shigella boydii provisional serovar e16553 by a reference laboratory. further tests with an antiserum to an international type strain of the provisional serovar e16553 identified an additional 15 isolates. none of the isolates reacted with antisera to the established shigella serovars or any othe ... | 2005 | 15824427 |
| survival of shigella boydii 18 in bean salad. | a strain of shigella boydii 18 involved in a bean salad outbreak and s. boydii 18 atcc 35966 were used to inoculate bean salad. bean salad samples were stored at 4 or 23 degrees c. at 4 degrees c, the s. boydii survived for the duration of the shelf life of the salad but did not grow. at 23 degrees c, both strains increased by two orders of magnitude by day 2 and decreased rapidly thereafter. this demonstrates the importance of proper storage in preventing the outgrowth of foodborne pathogens. | 2005 | 15830680 |
| frequency of isolation of shigella serogroups/serotypes and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in children from slum areas in karachi. | to assess the frequency of serogroups and serotypes, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of shigella species isolated from known cases of diarrhoea and dysentery from karachi, pakistan. | 2005 | 15960281 |
| identification and characterization of shigella boydii 20 serovar nov., a new and emerging shigella serotype. | analysis of 163 putative shigella isolates from canada and the usa showed biochemical reactions consistent with shigella species, although none of the isolates reacted with antiserum raised against any of the well-established or provisional shigella serotypes. all these isolates, provisionally designated serotype sh108, were positive for the ipah gene and the invasion-associated locus. all fermented mannitol, were serologically indistinguishable from each other and showed no reaction in antisera ... | 2005 | 16014427 |
| structural and genetic characterization of the shigella boydii type 18 o antigen. | shigella strains are important human pathogens and are normally identified by their o antigens. o antigen is an essential part of the lipopolysaccharide present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and plays a role in pathogenicity. structural and genetic organization of the shigella boydii type 18 o antigen was investigated. as judged by sugar and methylation analyses and nmr spectroscopy data, the o antigen has a linear pentasaccharide repeating unit (o unit), which consists of thre ... | 2005 | 16055280 |
| molecular analysis of shigella boydii o1 o-antigen gene cluster and its pcr typing. | shigella is an important human pathogen and is closely related to escherichia coli. o-antigen is the most variable part of the lipopolysaccharide on the cell surface of gram-negative bacteria and plays an important role in pathogenicity. the o-antigen gene cluster of s. boydii o1 was sequenced. the putative genes encoding enzymes for rhamnose synthesis, transferases, o-unit flippase, and o-unit polymerase were identified on the basis of homology. the o-antigen gene clusters of s. boydii o1 and e ... | 2005 | 16088333 |
| [dysentery in poland in 2003]. | the notified number of dysentery cases is the lowest in this century and even every year decreasing. only 75 cases were notified in the year 2003 (incidence rate 0.20/100 000 population) while 220 cases were registered in 2002 (incidence 0.58/100 000 population). no one death case was notified. the last three death cases were notified in 1999. only one outbreak of dysentery (due to s. flexneri 2a) was registered involving 23 patients/111 residents of social home for mentally disabled men. source ... | 2005 | 16190529 |
| the epidemiology of travel-associated shigellosis--regional risks, seasonality and serogroups. | to give a detailed risk estimate of contracting travel-associated shigellosis in various regions of the world. | 2005 | 16230220 |
| genome dynamics and diversity of shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery. | the shigella bacteria cause bacillary dysentery, which remains a significant threat to public health. the genus status and species classification appear no longer valid, as compelling evidence indicates that shigella, as well as enteroinvasive escherichia coli, are derived from multiple origins of e.coli and form a single pathovar. nevertheless, shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 causes deadly epidemics but shigella boydii is restricted to the indian subcontinent, while shigella flexneri and shigel ... | 2005 | 16275786 |
| quantitative analyses of certain enteric bacteria and bacterial extracts: i. standardization and sonic disruption of eight enteric bacterial species, each at five population levels. | standardized individual preparations of five population levels of eight enteric organisms [escherichia coli (o4:h3), e. coli (o111:b4:h12), salmonella enteritidis, s. paratyphi b, s. typhimurium, shigella boydii, s. dysenteriae, and s. sonnei) were prepared. dry weights, calculated mean cell weight, and nitrogen content of bacterial suspensions before, and of supernatant fluids after, ultrasonic disruption are tabulated. percentages of disruption, estimated from nitrogen concentration ratios of ... | 1967 | 16349752 |
| high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among shigella isolates in the united states tested by the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system from 1999 to 2002. | shigella spp. infect approximately 450,000 persons annually in the united states, resulting in over 6,000 hospitalizations. since 1999, the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms) for enteric bacteria has tested every 10th shigella isolate from 16 state or local public health laboratories for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. from 1999 to 2002, narms tested 1,604 isolates. among 1,598 isolates identified to species level, 1,278 (80%) were shigella sonnei, 295 (18%) w ... | 2006 | 16377666 |
| anti-bacterial alkaloids of saracococca saligna. | the crude ethanolic extract of saracococca saligna was found to be cytotoxic and antibacterial but produced no platelet aggregation induced by adp. antibacterial activity of two known alkaloid, pachyaximine-a and saracodine was determined. pachyaximine-a possessed significant antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium pyrogenes. saracodme showed moderate activity against staphylococcus pyrogenes, escherichia coli, staph ... | 2005 | 16431389 |
| genomic compositions and phylogenetic analysis of shigella boydii subgroup. | comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) microarray analysis was used to compare the genomic compositions of all eighteen shigella boydii serotype representative strains. the results indicated the genomic "backbone" of this subgroup contained 2552 orfs homologous to nonpathogenic e. coli k12. compared with the genome of k12199 orfs were found to be absent in all s. boydii serotype representatives, including mainly outer membrane protein genes and o-antigen biosynthesis genes. yet the specific orf ... | 2006 | 16544575 |
| immunocapture uppcr combined with dgge for rapid detection of shigella species. | to develop an immunocapture universal primer pcr (iuppcr) combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and evaluate it as a method permitting rapid detection of shigella species and their serotypes. | 2006 | 16553735 |
| bdellovibrio bacteriovorus parasitism in shigella species. | bdellovibrio bacteriovorus was capable of parasitizing shigella boydii, s. flexneri, and s. sonnei. the bdellovibrio was able to produce plaques on lawns consisting of heat-killed or ultraviolet-irradiated s. boydii. | 1970 | 16557841 |