Publications

antagonistic interaction between abscisic acid and jasmonate-ethylene signaling pathways modulates defense gene expression and disease resistance in arabidopsis.	the plant hormones abscisic acid (aba), jasmonic acid (ja), and ethylene are involved in diverse plant processes, including the regulation of gene expression during adaptive responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. previously, aba has been implicated in enhancing disease susceptibility in various plant species, but currently very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. in this study, we obtained evidence that a complex interplay between aba and ja-ethylene sig ...	2004	15548743
involvement of n-acylhomoserine lactones throughout plant infection by erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (pectobacterium atrosepticum).	erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica is responsible for potato blackleg disease in the field and tuber soft rot during crop storage. the process leading to the disease occurs in two phases: a primary invasion step followed by a maceration step. bacteria-to-bacteria communication is associated with a quorum-sensing (qs) process based on the production of n-acylhomoserine lactones (hsl). the role of hsl throughout plant infection was analyzed. to this purpose, hsl produced by a specific e. caroto ...	2004	15553252
characterization of a defensin from the sand fly phlebotomus duboscqi induced by challenge with bacteria or the protozoan parasite leishmania major.	antimicrobial peptides are major components of the innate immune response of epithelial cells. in insect vectors, these peptides may play a role in the control of gut pathogens. we have analyzed antimicrobial peptides produced by the sand fly phlebotomus duboscqi, after challenge by injected bacteria or feeding with bacteria or the protozoan parasite leishmania major. a new hemolymph peptide with antimicrobial activity was identified and shown to be a member of the insect defensin family. intere ...	2004	15557638
identification of a novel virulence factor in burkholderia cenocepacia h111 required for efficient slow killing of caenorhabditis elegans.	burkholderia cenocepacia h111, which was isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient, employs a quorum-sensing (qs) system, encoded by cep, to control the expression of virulence factors as well as the formation of biofilms. the qs system is thought to ensure that pathogenic traits are expressed only when the bacterial population density is high enough to overwhelm the host before it is able to mount an efficient response. while the wild-type strain effectively kills the nematode caenorhabditis eleg ...	2004	15557647
[genetic regulation of pathogenicity and virulence factors in bacteria erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica: identification of kdud gene].	a mutant that cannot utilize pectin substances of plant cell walls was obtained via insertion of mini-mini-tn5xyle transposon into the chromosome of phytopathogenic bacteria erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica. the inability of mutant cells to utilize these substrates was caused by a failure to accomplish the catabolism of unsaturated digalacturonic acid (uda). study of enzymatic activities has established that mutant bacteria lost the ability to produce 2,5-diketo-3-deoxygluconate dehydrogena ...	2004	15559145
[genetic regulation of pathogenicity and virulence factors in bacteria erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica: phenotypic characteristic of bacteria with the mutant kdud gene].	in contrast to the closely related bacteria erwinia chrysanthemi, bacteria erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica produce lower levels of main pathogenicity and virulence factors (pectate lyases, cellulases, and proteases) in the presence of pectins. this effect was shown to be connected with the accumulation of the intermediate product of intracellular degradation of these substances, 2,5-diketo-3-deoxygluconate (dk2). the presence of dk2 in the culture broth of mutant bacteria, connected to its ...	2004	15559146
analysis of bgl operon structure and characterization of beta-glucosidase from pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ly34.	a putative bgl operon of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ly34 (pcc ly34) was isolated. sequence analysis of the 5,557 bp cloned dna fragment (accession no. ay542524) showed three open reading frames (bglt, bglp, and bglb) predicted to encode 287, 633, and 468 amino acid proteins respectively. bglt and bglp orfs show high similarity to that of the pectobacterium chrysanthemi arbg antiterminator and arbf permease respectively. also, the latter contains most residues important for pho ...	2004	15564664
antibacterial activity of cichorium intybus.	antibacterial activity of the water, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of cichorium intybus was investigated. all the tested extracts showed antibacterial activity, the ethyl acetate extract being the most active. water extract inhibits agrobacterium radiobacter sp. tumefaciens, erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas fluorescens and p. aeruginosa.	2004	15567253
identification and characterization of nip, necrosis-inducing virulence protein of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora.	erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is a gram-negative bacterium that causes soft rot disease of many cultivated crops. when a collection of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora isolates was analyzed on a southern blot using the harpin-encoding gene hrpn as probe, several harpinless isolates were found. regulation of virulence determinants in one of these, strain scc3193, has been characterized extensively. it is fully virulent on potato and in arabidopsis thaliana. an rpos (sigmas) mutant of scc319 ...	2004	15597742
chlorophyllase 1, a damage control enzyme, affects the balance between defense pathways in plants.	accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) is central to plant response to several pathogens. one of the sources of ros is the chloroplast because of the photoactive nature of the chlorophylls. chlorophyllase 1 (encoded by atclh1) of arabidopsis thaliana is quickly induced after tissue damage (e.g., caused by the bacterial necrotroph erwinia carotovora or the necrotrophic fungus alternaria brassicicola). rna interference silencing of atclh1 resulted in failure to degrade free chlorophyll afte ...	2004	15598807
posttranscriptional repression of gacs/gaca-controlled genes by the rna-binding protein rsme acting together with rsma in the biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens cha0.	in the plant-beneficial soil bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens cha0, the production of biocontrol factors (antifungal secondary metabolites and exoenzymes) is controlled at a posttranscriptional level by the gacs/gaca signal transduction pathway involving rna-binding protein rsma as a key regulatory element. this protein is assumed to bind to the ribosome-binding site of target mrnas and to block their translation. rsma-mediated repression is relieved at the end of exponential growth by two gacs ...	2005	15601712
the wrky transcription factor superfamily: its origin in eukaryotes and expansion in plants.	wrky proteins are newly identified transcription factors involved in many plant processes including plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. to date, genes encoding wrky proteins have been identified only from plants. comprehensive search for wrky genes in non-plant organisms and phylogenetic analysis would provide invaluable information about the origin and expansion of the wrky family.	2005	15629062
altering substrate chain length specificity of an acylhomoserine lactone synthase in bacterial communication.	quorum sensing mediated by specific signal compounds (autoinducers) allows bacteria to monitor their cell density and enables a synchronized regulation of target gene sets. the best studied group of autoinducers are the acylhomoserine lactones (ahsls), which are central to the regulation of virulence in many plant and animal pathogens. variation of the acyl side chain of the ahsls underlies the observed species specificity of this communication system. here we show that even different strains of ...	2005	15634689
interactions between oral bacteria: inhibition of streptococcus mutans bacteriocin production by streptococcus gordonii.	streptococcus mutans has been recognized as an important etiological agent in human dental caries. some strains of s. mutans also produce bacteriocins. in this study, we sought to demonstrate that bacteriocin production by s. mutans strains gs5 and bm71 was mediated by quorum sensing, which is dependent on a competence-stimulating peptide (csp) signaling system encoded by the com genes. we also demonstrated that interactions with some other oral streptococci interfered with s. mutans bacteriocin ...	2005	15640209
degradation of acyl-homoserine lactone molecules by acinetobacter sp. strain c1010.	a bacterium c1010, isolated from the rhizospheres of cucumbers in fields in korea, degraded the microbial quorum-sensing molecules, hexanoyl homoserine lactone (hhsl), and octadecanoyl homoserine lactone (ohsl). morphological characteristics and 16s rrna sequence analysis identified c1010 as acinetobacter sp. strain c1010. this strain was able to degrade the acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls) produced by the biocontrol bacterium, pseudomonas chlororaphis o6, and a phytopathogenic bacterium, burkhol ...	2004	15644910
use of 1,4-naphthoquinones for control of erwinia carotovora.	the antimicrobial effect of 5 naphthoquinones was tested against the phytopathogenic bacteria erwinia carotovora. disk diffusion tests and determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) indicate that the compound naphthazarin (ntz) has the best antibacterial activity among the naphthoquinones tested. studies on the mode of action indicate the effect of ntz was bactericidal at 10 microg/ml. when cultivation was done in the presence of sodium ascorbate, the restoration of e. carotovora g ...	2004	15644912
sensitive and specific detection of xanthomonas campestris pv campestris by pcr using species-specific primers based on hrpf gene sequences.	a sensitive and specific assay was developed to detect bacterial black rot of crucifers caused by xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (x. c. pv. campestris), in cabbage seed and plant. primers xcf and xcr from hrpf homologous to nolx, host recognition protein, were used to amplify a 525 bp dna fragment. pcr technique was applied to detect the pathogen in naturally infected seed and plant of cabbage. the pcr product was only produced from x. c. pv. campestris among 40 isolates of xanthomonas st ...	2004	15646387
bioactive ellagitannins from cunonia macrophylla, an endemic cunoniaceae from new caledonia.	chemical study of cunonia macrophylla, a new caledonian cunoniaceae, based on bioactive effects of a crude methanol extract of the leaves, detected bioactive tannins for the first time in this plant family. these ellagitannins have been identified as ellagic acid-4-o-beta-d-xylopyranoside (6), mallorepanin (3), mallotinic acid (1) along with corilagin (2), chebulagic acid (4), ellagic acid (5) and gallic acid (7) and have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity and to inhibit xanthine oxida ...	2005	15652581
ectopic expression of anthocyanin 5-o-glucosyltransferase in potato tuber causes increased resistance to bacteria.	the principal goal of this paper was to investigate the significance of anthocyanin 5-o-glucosyltransferase (5-ugt) for potato tuber metabolism. the ectopic expression of a 5-ugt cdna in the tuber improved the plant's defense against pathogen infection. the resistance of transgenic lines against erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora was about 2-fold higher than for nontransformed plants. in most cases the pathogen resistance was accompanied by a significant increase in tuber yield. to investigate ...	2005	15656661
carbapenem antibiotic biosynthesis in erwinia carotovora is regulated by physiological and genetic factors modulating the quorum sensing-dependent control pathway.	erwinia carotovora produces the beta-lactam antibiotic, carbapenem, in response to a quorum sensing signalling molecule, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (ohhl). we have mapped the ohhl-dependent promoter upstream of the first of the biosynthetic genes, cara. we have also analysed the effect on this promoter of the known genetic regulators of carbapenem expression, carr, cari (encoding homologues of luxr and luxi respectively) and hor (encoding a slya/marr-like transcriptional regulator). ...	2005	15659168
genome-wide transcriptional response of chemostat-cultured escherichia coli to zinc.	zinc is an essential trace metal ion for growth, but an excess of zn is toxic and microorganisms express diverse resistance mechanisms. to understand global bacterial responses to excess zn, we conducted transcriptome profiling experiments comparing escherichia coli mg1655 grown under control conditions and cells grown with a toxic, sublethal znso4 concentration (0.2 mm). cultures were grown in a defined medium lacking inorganic phosphate, permitting maximum zn bioavailability, and in glycerol-l ...	2005	15659689
antibacterial activity of seed proteins of robinia pseudoacacia.	a low molecular weight cationic peptide was isolated from robinia pseudoacacia seed and tested in vitro against seven bacteria (corynebacterium michiganense, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, pseudomonas syringae pv syringae, xanthomonas campestris pv campestris, and escherichia coli). the peptide inhibited the growth of the tested strains. the effective concentrations required for 50% inhibition of bacterial growth ranged between 20 and 120 microg m ...	2005	15664465
novel mutants of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora defective in the production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes generated by mu transpososome-mediated insertion mutagenesis.	as in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora the regulation details of the main virulence factors, encoding extracellular enzymes that degrade the plant cell wall, is only rudimentally understood, we performed a genetic screen to identify novel candidate genes involved in the process. initially, we used mu transpososome-mediated mutagenesis approach to generate a comprehensive transposon insertion mutant library of ca. 10000 clones and screened the clones for the loss of extracellular enzyme produ ...	2005	15668006
potential ecotoxicological implication of methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) spills in the environment.	streptomyceticidal activity of methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) elucidated for the first time. adverse effect of mtbe, the gasoline additive, against 11 soil inhabitant streptomyces spp. isolates was investigated. mtbe, an octane enhancer is added to gasoline to reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon monoxide and ozone. it contaminates soil and groundwater by fuel leaks and spills. streptomyces spp. are of the major contributors to the biological buffering of soils by exerting beneficial and ...	2004	15673212
the genome sequence of xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae kacc10331, the bacterial blight pathogen of rice.	the nucleotide sequence was determined for the genome of xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae (xoo) kacc10331, a bacterium that causes bacterial blight in rice (oryza sativa l.). the genome is comprised of a single, 4 941 439 bp, circular chromosome that is g + c rich (63.7%). the genome includes 4637 open reading frames (orfs) of which 3340 (72.0%) could be assigned putative function. orthologs for 80% of the predicted xoo genes were found in the previously reported x.axonopodis pv. citri (xac) a ...	2005	15673718
repeat-length-independent broad-spectrum shuffling, a novel method of generating a random chimera library in vivo.	we describe a novel method of random chimeragenesis based on highly frequent deletion formation in the escherichia coli ssb-3 strain and a deletion-directed chimera selection system that uses the rpsl(+) gene as a reporter. it enables the selection of chimeras without target gene expression and can therefore be applied to cytotoxic targets. when this system was applied to phospholipase d genes from streptomyces septatus th-2 and streptomyces halstedii subsp. scabies k6 (examples of cytotoxic tar ...	2005	15691927
protein domains and architectural innovation in plant-associated proteobacteria.	evolution of new complex biological behaviour tends to arise by novel combinations of existing building blocks. the functional and evolutionary building blocks of the proteome are protein domains, the function of a protein being dependent on its constituent domains. we clustered completely-sequenced proteomes of prokaryotes on the basis of their protein domain content, as defined by pfam (release 16.0). this revealed that, although there was a correlation between phylogeny and domain content, ot ...	2005	15715905
screening for quorum-sensing inhibitors (qsi) by use of a novel genetic system, the qsi selector.	with the widespread appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, there is an increasing demand for novel strategies to control infectious diseases. furthermore, it has become apparent that the bacterial life style also contributes significantly to this problem. bacteria living in the biofilm mode of growth tolerate conventional antimicrobial treatments. the discovery that many bacteria use quorum-sensing (qs) systems to coordinate virulence and biofilm development has pointed out a new, promisin ...	2005	15716452
hosa, a member of the slya family, regulates motility in enteropathogenic escherichia coli.	in enteropathogenic and enterohemorraghic escherichia coli (epec and ehec), two members of the slya family of transcriptional regulators have been identified as slya. western blot analysis of the wild type and the corresponding hosa and slya deletion mutants indicated that slya and hosa are distinct proteins whose expression is not interdependent. of 27 different e. coli strains (epec, ehec, enteroinvasive, enteroaggregative, uropathogenic, and commensal) examined, 14 were positive for both gene ...	2005	15731069
function and expression of an n-acetylneuraminic acid-inducible outer membrane channel in escherichia coli.	the escherichia coli yjha (renamed nanc) gene encodes a protein of the kdgm family of outer membrane-specific channels. it is transcribed divergently from fimb, a gene involved in the site-specific inversion of the region controlling transcription of the fimbrial structural genes but is separated from it by one of the largest intergenic regions in e. coli. we show that nanc expression is induced by n-acetylneuraminic acid and modulated by n-acetylglucosamine. this regulation occurs via the nanr ...	2005	15743943
comparative genomic analysis of the ppt23a plasmid family of pseudomonas syringae.	members of the ppt23a plasmid family of pseudomonas syringae play an important role in the interaction of this bacterial pathogen with host plants. complete sequence analysis of several ppt23a family plasmids (pfps) has provided a glimpse of the gene content and virulence function of these plasmids. we constructed a macroarray containing 161 genes to estimate and compare the gene contents of 23 newly analyzed and eight known pfps from 12 pathovars of p. syringae, which belong to four genomospeci ...	2005	15743960
environmental ph sensing: resolving the vira/virg two-component system inputs for agrobacterium pathogenesis.	agrobacterium tumefaciens stands as one of biotechnology's greatest successes, with all plant genetic engineering building on the strategies of this pathogen. by integrating responses to external phs, phenols, and monosaccharides, this organism mobilizes oncogenic elements to efficiently transform most dicotyledonous plants. we now show that the complex signaling network used to regulate lateral gene transfer can be resolved as individual signaling modules. while ph and sugar perception are coup ...	2005	15743967
structural and biochemical analysis of the asc operon encoding 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ly34.	an asc operon of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ly34 (pcc ly34) was isolated from a genomic library in a screen for beta-glucosidase activities. sequence analysis of the 5618-bp cloned dna fragment (accession number ay622309) showed three open reading frames (ascg, ascf, and ascb) that are predicted to encode 375, 486, and 476 amino acid proteins, respectively. the ascg orf shared a high similarity with the escherichia coli ascg repressor. the ascf orf shared 81% identity with the ...	2004	15748978
regulation and biosynthesis of carbapenem antibiotics in bacteria.	carbapenem antibiotics are members of the beta-lactam family of antibiotics, the most important class of antibiotics currently in clinical use. they are active against many important gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. one important feature of carbapenem antibiotics is their resistance to several beta-lactamases. thienamycin, isolated from streptomyces cattleya, was the first carbapenem described. other well-studied carbapenems were isolated from the gram-negative bacteria erwinia carotov ...	2005	15759042
cloning and sequencing of a genomic island found in the brazilian purpuric fever clone of haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius.	a genomic island was identified in the haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius brazilian purpuric fever (bpf) strain f3031. this island, which was also found in other bpf isolates, could not be detected in non-bpf biogroup aegyptius strains or in nontypeable or typeable h. influenzae strains, with the exception of a region present in the type b eagan strain. this 34,378-bp island is inserted, in reference to h. influenzae rd kw20, within a choline transport gene and contains a mosaic structure ...	2005	15784532
flavobacterium johnsoniae gldj is a lipoprotein that is required for gliding motility.	cells of flavobacterium johnsoniae glide rapidly over surfaces by an unknown mechanism. eight genes required for gliding motility have been described. complementation of the nonmotile mutant uw102-48 identified another gene, gldj, that is required for gliding. gldj mutants formed nonspreading colonies, and individual cells were completely nonmotile. like previously described nonmotile mutants, gldj mutants were deficient in chitin utilization and were resistant to bacteriophages that infect wild ...	2005	15805509
azospirillum brasilense produces the auxin-like phenylacetic acid by using the key enzyme for indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis.	an antimicrobial compound was isolated from azospirillum brasilense culture extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography and further identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as the auxin-like molecule, phenylacetic acid (paa). paa synthesis was found to be mediated by the indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase, previously identified as a key enzyme in indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) production in a. brasilense. in minimal growth medium, paa biosynthesis by a. brasilense was only observed in ...	2005	15812004
improved assessment of denitrifying, n2-fixing, and total-community bacteria by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using multiple restriction enzymes.	a database of terminal restriction fragments (trfs) of the 16s rrna gene was set up utilizing 13 restriction enzymes and 17,327 genbank sequences. a computer program, termed trefid, was developed to allow identification of any of these 17,327 sequences by means of polygons generated from the specific trfs of each bacterium. the trefid program complements and exceeds in its data content the web-based phylogenetic assignment tool recently described by a. d. kent, d. j. smith, b. j. benson, and e. ...	2005	15812035
the 120 592 bp incf plasmid prsb107 isolated from a sewage-treatment plant encodes nine different antibiotic-resistance determinants, two iron-acquisition systems and other putative virulence-associated functions.	the antibiotic-multiresistance incf plasmid prsb107 was isolated by a transformation-based approach from activated-sludge bacteria of a wastewater-treatment plant. it confers resistance to ampicillin, penicillin g, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline and trimethoprim and against mercuric ions. complete sequencing of this plasmid revealed that it is 120 592 bp in size and has a g+c content of 53.1 mol%. the plasmid backbone is composed of t ...	2005	15817778
identification of a new quorum-sensing-controlled virulence factor in erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica secreted via the type ii targeting pathway.	two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the secreted proteins of erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica revealed a low-abundance protein that was identified by mass spectrometry as a homologue of a xanthomonas campestris avirulence protein with unknown function. the predicted svx protein has an n-terminal signal sequence and zinc binding-region signature, and the mature protein is post-translationally modified. a 2d difference gel electrophoresis (dige) showed that the protein is se ...	2005	15828685
novel quorum-sensing-controlled genes in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: identification of a fungal elicitor homologue in a soft-rotting bacterium.	seven new genes controlled by the quorum-sensing signal molecule n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (ohhl) have been identified in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. using tnphoa as a mutagen, we enriched for mutants defective in proteins that could play a role in the interaction between e. carotovora subsp. carotovora and its plant hosts, and identified nipecc and its counterpart in e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica. these are members of a growing family of proteins related to nep1 from f ...	2005	15828686
lethal effect of the gliding arc discharges on erwinia spp.	to compare the decontamination performances of glidarc on strains of erwinia of industrial interest.	2005	15836472
autoinduction in erwinia amylovora: evidence of an acyl-homoserine lactone signal in the fire blight pathogen.	erwinia amylovora causes fire blight disease of apple, pear, and other members of the rosaceae. here we present the first evidence for autoinduction in e. amylovora and a role for an n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl)-type signal. two major plant virulence traits, production of extracellular polysaccharides (amylovoran and levan) and tolerance to free oxygen radicals, were controlled in a bacterial-cell-density-dependent manner. two standard autoinducer biosensors, agrobacterium tumefaciens ntl4 an ...	2005	15838048
spoilage of vegetable crops by bacteria and fungi and related health hazards.	after harvest, vegetables are often spoiled by a wide variety of microorganisms including many bacterial and fungal species. the most common bacterial agents are erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas spp., corynebacterium, xanthomonas campestris, and lactic acid bacteria with e. carotovora being the most common, attacking virtually every vegetable type. fungi commonly causing spoilage of fresh vegetables are botrytis cinerea, various species of the genera alternaria, aspergillus, cladosporium, colleto ...	2005	15839403
polygalacturonase from sitophilus oryzae: possible horizontal transfer of a pectinase gene from fungi to weevils.	endo-polygalacturonase, one of the group of enzymes known collectively as pectinases, is widely distributed in bacteria, plants and fungi. the enzyme has also been found in several weevil species and a few other insects, such as aphids, but not in drosophila melanogaster, anopheles gambiae, or caenorhabditis elegans or, as far as is known, in any more primitive animal species. what, then, is the genetic origin of the polygalacturonases in weevils? since some weevil species harbor symbiotic micro ...	2003	15841240
the iron-siderophore transporter fhua is the receptor for the antimicrobial peptide microcin j25: role of the microcin val11-pro16 beta-hairpin region in the recognition mechanism.	the role of the outer-membrane iron transporter fhua as a potential receptor for the antimicrobial peptide mccj25 (microcin j25) was studied through a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments. the requirement for both fhua and the inner-membrane tonb-exbb-exbd complex was demonstrated by antibacterial assays using complementation of an fhua(-) strain and by using isogenic strains mutated in genes encoding the protein complex respectively. in addition, mccj25 was shown to block phage t5 infecti ...	2005	15862112
the rssab two-component signal transduction system in serratia marcescens regulates swarming motility and cell envelope architecture in response to exogenous saturated fatty acids.	serratia marcescens swarms at 30 degrees c but not at 37 degrees c on a nutrient-rich (lb) agar surface. mini-tn5 mutagenesis of s. marcescens ch-1 yielded a mutant (wc100) that swarms not only vigorously at 37 degrees c but also earlier and faster than the parent strain swarms at 30 degrees c. analysis of this mutant revealed that the transposon was inserted into a gene (rssa) predicted to encode a bacterial two-component signal transduction sensor kinase, upstream of which a potential response ...	2005	15866926
identification of extracellular n-acylhomoserine lactone acylase from a streptomyces sp. and its application to quorum quenching.	n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) play an important role in regulating virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria. recently, the enzymatic inactivation of ahls, which can be used as antibacterial targets, has been identified in several soil bacteria. in this study, strain m664, identified as a streptomyces sp., was found to secrete an ahl-degrading enzyme into a culture medium. the ahlm gene for ahl degradation from streptomyces sp. strain m664 was cloned, expressed heterologously in streptomyces l ...	2005	15870355
prevalence of pathogenicity island iicft073 genes among extraintestinal clinical isolates of escherichia coli.	uropathogenic escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infection (uti). cystitis in women is by far the most common uti; pyelonephritis in both sexes and prostatitis in men are more severe but are less frequent complaints. the ability of e. coli to cause uti is associated with specific virulence determinants, some of which are encoded on pathogenicity islands (pai). one such pai (pai iicft073), of the prototypical uropathogenic e. coli strain cft073, contains 116 open reading f ...	2005	15872276
the quorum-quenching lactonase from bacillus thuringiensis is a metalloprotein.	lactonases from bacillus species hydrolyze the n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) signaling molecules used in quorum-sensing pathways of many gram-negative bacteria, including pseudomonas aeruginosa and erwinia carotovora, both significant pathogens. because of sequence similarity, these ahl lactonases have been assigned to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily of proteins, which includes metalloenzymes of diverse activity, mechanism, and metal content. however, a recent study claims that ahl lacto ...	2005	15895999
purification and characterization of allophanate hydrolase (atzf) from pseudomonas sp. strain adp.	atzf, allophanate hydrolase, is a recently discovered member of the amidase signature family that catalyzes the terminal reaction during metabolism of s-triazine ring compounds by bacteria. in the present study, the atzf gene from pseudomonas sp. strain adp was cloned and expressed as a his-tagged protein, and the protein was purified and characterized. atzf had a deduced subunit molecular mass of 66,223, based on the gene sequence, and an estimated holoenzyme molecular mass of 260,000. the acti ...	2005	15901697
novel molecular features of the fibrolytic intestinal bacterium fibrobacter intestinalis not shared with fibrobacter succinogenes as determined by suppressive subtractive hybridization.	suppressive subtractive hybridization was conducted to identify unique genes coding for plant cell wall hydrolytic enzymes and other properties of the gastrointestinal bacterium fibrobacter intestinalis dr7 not shared by fibrobacter succinogenes s85. subtractive clones from f. intestinalis were sequenced and assembled to form 712 nonredundant contigs with an average length of 525 bp. of these, 55 sequences were unique to f. intestinalis. the remaining contigs contained 764 genes with blastx simi ...	2005	15901698
a gene encoding l-methionine gamma-lyase is present in enterobacteriaceae family genomes: identification and characterization of citrobacter freundii l-methionine gamma-lyase.	citrobacter freundii cells produce l-methionine gamma-lyase when grown on a medium containing l-methionine. the nucleotide sequence of the hybrid plasmid with a c. freundii ecori insert of about 3.0 kbp contained two open reading frames, consisting of 1,194 nucleotides and 1,296 nucleotides, respectively. the first one (denoted megl) encoded l-methionine gamma-lyase. the enzyme was overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified. the second frame encoded a protein belonging to the family of perme ...	2005	15901718
bacterial cell-to-cell signaling in the gastrointestinal tract.		2005	15908344
evolutionary relationships of three new species of enterobacteriaceae living as symbionts of aphids and other insects.	ecological studies on three bacterial lineages symbiotic in aphids have shown that they impose a variety of effects on their hosts, including resistance to parasitoids and tolerance to heat stress. phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of gyrb and reca are consistent with previous analyses limited to 16s rrna gene sequences and yield improved confidence of the evolutionary relationships of these symbionts. all three symbionts are in the enterobacteriaceae. one of the symbionts, here given t ...	2005	15933033
complete genome sequence of phihsic, a pseudotemperate marine phage of listonella pelagia.	the genome for the marine pseudotemperate member of the siphoviridae phihsic has been sequenced using a combination of linker amplification library construction, restriction digest library construction, and primer walking. phihsic enters into a pseudolysogenic relationship with its host, listonella pelagia, characterized by sigmoidal growth curves producing >10(9) cells/ml and >10(11) phage/ml. the genome (37,966 bp; g+c content, 44%) contained 47 putative open reading frames (orfs), 17 of which ...	2005	15933034
involvement of bacterial quorum-sensing signals in spoilage of bean sprouts.	bacterial communication signals, acylated homoserine lactones (ahls), were extracted from samples of commercial bean sprouts undergoing soft-rot spoilage. bean sprouts produced in the laboratory did not undergo soft-rot spoilage and did not contain ahls or ahl-producing bacteria, although the bacterial population reached levels similar to those in the commercial sprouts, 10(8) to 10(9) cfu/g. ahl-producing bacteria (enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonads) were isolated from commercial sprouts, and ...	2005	15933035
unraveling the secret lives of bacteria: use of in vivo expression technology and differential fluorescence induction promoter traps as tools for exploring niche-specific gene expression.	a major challenge for microbiologists is to elucidate the strategies deployed by microorganisms to adapt to and thrive in highly complex and dynamic environments. in vitro studies, including those monitoring genomewide changes, have proven their value, but they can, at best, mimic only a subset of the ensemble of abiotic and biotic stimuli that microorganisms experience in their natural habitats. the widely used gene-to-phenotype approach involves the identification of altered niche-related phen ...	2005	15944455
the tetr family of transcriptional repressors.	we have developed a general profile for the proteins of the tetr family of repressors. the stretch that best defines the profile of this family is made up of 47 amino acid residues that correspond to the helix-turn-helix dna binding motif and adjacent regions in the three-dimensional structures of tetr, qacr, cprb, and ethr, four family members for which the function and three-dimensional structure are known. we have detected a set of 2,353 nonredundant proteins belonging to this family by scree ...	2005	15944459
genetic modification of potato against microbial diseases: in vitro and in planta activity of a dermaseptin b1 derivative, msra2.	dermaseptin b1 is a potent cationic antimicrobial peptide found in skin secretions of the arboreal frog phyllomedusa bicolor. a synthetic derivative of dermaseptin b1, msra2 (n-met-dermaseptin b1), elicited strong antimicrobial activities against various phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria in vitro. to assess its potential for plant protection, msra2 was expressed at low levels (1-5 microg/g of fresh tissue) in the transgenic potato (solanum tuberosum l.) cv. desiree. stringent challenges of thes ...	2005	15947906
cloning, expression and characterisation of erwinia carotovora l-asparaginase.	bacterial l-asparaginases (e.c. 3.5.1.1) have been used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of acute childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia. l-asparaginase from erwinia carotovora ncyc 1526 (era) was cloned and expressed in e. coli. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by a two-step procedure comprising cation-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on immobilised l-asparagine. the enzymatic properties of the recombinant enzyme were investigated and the kinetic parameters (k(m), k(ca ...	2005	15951039
autofact: an automatic functional annotation and classification tool.	assignment of function to new molecular sequence data is an essential step in genomics projects. the usual process involves similarity searches of a given sequence against one or more databases, an arduous process for large datasets.	2005	15960857
[o2-* burst of tobacco leaves triggered by erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora inoculation].	o(-.)(2) production based on chemical method by ecc-treated intact tobacco leaves was observed. it showed a long-lasting one-phase course beginning 1 h and ending 14 h after erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) was inoculated. in ecc-treated leaves, o(-.)(2) production rate of 3 h is 2 times of 1 h, and of 10 h it remains 1.7 times. it decreases rapidly between 10 h and 14 h, at 14 h it falls to the level before inoculation. this is a completely different course from the widely accepted tw ...	2005	15961909
a generic approach for the design of whole-genome oligoarrays, validated for genomotyping, deletion mapping and gene expression analysis on staphylococcus aureus.	dna microarray technology is widely used to determine the expression levels of thousands of genes in a single experiment, for a broad range of organisms. optimal design of immobilized nucleic acids has a direct impact on the reliability of microarray results. however, despite small genome size and complexity, prokaryotic organisms are not frequently studied to validate selected bioinformatics approaches. relying on parameters shown to affect the hybridization of nucleic acids, we designed freely ...	2005	15963225
the net of life: reconstructing the microbial phylogenetic network.	it has previously been suggested that the phylogeny of microbial species might be better described as a network containing vertical and horizontal gene transfer (hgt) events. yet, all phylogenetic reconstructions so far have presented microbial trees rather than networks. here, we present a first attempt to reconstruct such an evolutionary network, which we term the "net of life". we use available tree reconstruction methods to infer vertical inheritance, and use an ancestral state inference alg ...	2005	15965028
epimerase active domain of pseudomonas aeruginosa algg, a protein that contains a right-handed beta-helix.	the polysaccharide alginate forms a protective capsule for pseudomonas aeruginosa during chronic pulmonary infections. the structure of alginate, a linear polymer of beta1-4-linked o-acetylated d-mannuronate (m) and l-guluronate (g), is important for its activity as a virulence factor. alginate structure is mediated by algg, a periplasmic c-5 mannuronan epimerase. algg also plays a role in protecting alginate from degradation by the periplasmic alginate lyase algl. here, we show that the c-termi ...	2005	15968068
[expression of gene aiia carrying the promoter of gene cry3aa in bacillus thuringiensis].	n-acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls), are widely conserved signal molecules present in quorum-sensing systems of many gram-negative bacteria. ahls molecules mediate the expression of virulence genes of a range of bacterial pathogens. recently, it has been reported that aiia protein, which widely exists in bacillus species, can inactivate the ahls by hydrolyzing the lactone bond of ahls, thus attenuate the diseases caused by the expression of virulence genes of bacterial pathogens. bacillus thuringi ...	2003	15969053
new frontiers in immunology. workshop on the road ahead: future directions in fundamental and clinical immunology.		2005	15976818
the map kinase substrate mks1 is a regulator of plant defense responses.	arabidopsis map kinase 4 (mpk4) functions as a regulator of pathogen defense responses, because it is required for both repression of salicylic acid (sa)-dependent resistance and for activation of jasmonate (ja)-dependent defense gene expression. to understand mpk4 signaling mechanisms, we used yeast two-hybrid screening to identify the mpk4 substrate mks1. analyses of transgenic plants and genome-wide transcript profiling indicated that mks1 is required for full sa-dependent resistance in mpk4 ...	2005	15990873
expr, a luxr homolog of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, activates transcription of rsma, which specifies a global regulatory rna-binding protein.	n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) is required by erwinia carotovora subspecies for the expression of various traits, including extracellular enzyme and protein production and pathogenicity. previous studies with e. carotovora subsp. carotovora have shown that ahl deficiency causes the production of high levels of rsma, an rna binding protein that functions as a global negative regulator of extracellular enzymes and proteins and secondary metabolites (rsm, regulator of secondary metabolites). we do ...	2005	15995194
identification and characterization of a second lexa gene of xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar citri.	we previously identified and characterized a lexa gene from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. for this study, we cloned and expressed a lexa homologue from x. axonopodis pv. citri. this gene was designated lexa2, and the previously identified lexa gene was renamed lexa1. the coding region of lexa2 is 606 bp long and shares 59% nucleotide sequence identity with lexa1. analyses of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that lexa2 has structures that are characteristic of lexa proteins, including ...	2005	16000766
improvement of the fungal biocontrol agent trichoderma atroviride to enhance both antagonism and induction of plant systemic disease resistance.	biocontrol agents generally do not perform well enough under field conditions to compete with chemical fungicides. we determined whether transgenic strain sj3-4 of trichoderma atroviride, which expresses the aspergillus niger glucose oxidase-encoding gene, goxa, under a homologous chitinase (nag1) promoter had increased capabilities as a fungal biocontrol agent. the transgenic strain differed only slightly from the wild-type in sporulation or the growth rate. goxa expression occurred immediately ...	2005	16000810
[indicator system for studying the lysogenic development of temperate bacteriophage zf40 erwinia carotovora].	the indicatory system for studying the lysogenic development of the moderate erwiniophage zf40 has been created on the basis of the data on the efficiency of inoculation, adsorption of phage particles on a cell, and cooperation between different clear-mutants. the use of the indicatory strains rc5297 and 62a-dl. derivatives of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 62a, permitted dividing c-mutants of the phage zf40 into two types which, in their turn, include 4 groups of complementation (cooperat ...	2005	16018206
[the multiple character of mutation of resistance to mitomycin c in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora].	it has been shown that mutants of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (eca) resistant to mitomycin c could be characterized by the change of colonies morphology, sensitivity to bacteriocins, and by the change of pathogeneity. it is supposed that mutations responsible for the stability to mitomycin c touch the synthesis of cell membranes components. in some cases mcr-mutations caused cardinal changes--the loss of prototrophy and synthesis of carotinoid pigment. the mutants obtained in this work ...	2005	16018213
structure-activity relationships of erwinia carotovora quorum sensing signaling molecules.	production of virulence factors and secondary metabolites is regulated in the phytopathogen erwinia carotovora by quorum sensing involving n-acylated homoserine lactone (ahl) signaling molecules. non-hydrolyzable ahl analogues were synthesized and screened in vivo. the biological activity of each compound was correlated with its ability to bind erwinia ahl receptor proteins (luxr homologues) in vitro. there is an excellent correlation between carbapenem production in vivo and in vitro binding to ...	2005	16051488
drosophila host defense after oral infection by an entomopathogenic pseudomonas species.	drosophila has been shown to be a valuable model for the investigation of host-pathogen interactions. study of the drosophila immune response has been hampered, however, by the lack of true drosophila pathogens. in nearly all studies reported, the bacteria used were directly injected within the body cavity of the insect, bypassing the initial steps of a natural interaction. here, we report the identification of a previously uncharacterized bacterial species, pseudomonas entomophila (pe), which h ...	2005	16061818
decoding microbial chatter: cell-cell communication in bacteria.		2005	16077095
crystal structure of the bacterial yhch protein indicates a role in sialic acid catabolism.	the yhch gene is part of the nan operon in bacteria that encodes proteins involved in sialic acid catabolism. determination of the crystal structure of yhch from haemophilus influenzae was undertaken as part of a structural genomics effort in order to assist with the functional assignment of the protein. the structure was determined at 2.2-a resolution by multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction. the protein fold is a variation of the double-stranded beta-helix. two antiparallel beta-sheets for ...	2005	16077096
shigella dysenteriae shus promotes utilization of heme as an iron source and protects against heme toxicity.	shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, a major cause of bacillary dysentery in humans, can use heme as a source of iron. genes for the transport of heme into the bacterial cell have been identified, but little is known about proteins that control the fate of the heme molecule after it has entered the cell. the shus gene is located within the heme transport locus, downstream of the heme receptor gene shua. shus is a heme binding protein, but its role in heme utilization is poorly understood. in this wo ...	2005	16077111
allophanate hydrolase, not urease, functions in bacterial cyanuric acid metabolism.	growth substrates containing an s-triazine ring are typically metabolized by bacteria to liberate 3 mol of ammonia via the intermediate cyanuric acid. over a 25-year period, a number of original research papers and reviews have stated that cyanuric acid is metabolized in two steps to the 2-nitrogen intermediate urea. in the present study, allophanate, not urea, was shown to be the 2-nitrogen intermediate in cyanuric acid metabolism in all the bacteria examined. six different experimental results ...	2005	16085834
identification and characterization of putative virulence genes and gene clusters in aeromonas hydrophila ppd134/91.	aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen of animals and humans. the pathogenesis of a. hydrophila is multifactorial. genomic subtraction and markers of genomic islands (gis) were used to identify putative virulence genes in a. hydrophila ppd134/91. two rounds of genomic subtraction led to the identification of 22 unique dna fragments encoding 19 putative virulence factors and seven new open reading frames, which are commonly present in the eight virulence strains examined. ...	2005	16085838
elevated temperature enhances virulence of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain ec153 to plants and stimulates production of the quorum sensing signal, n-acyl homoserine lactone, and extracellular proteins.	erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, e. carotovora subsp. betavasculorum, and e. carotovora subsp. carotovora produce high levels of extracellular enzymes, such as pectate lyase (pel), polygalacturonase (peh), cellulase (cel), and protease (prt), and the quorum-sensing signal n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) at 28 degrees c. however, the production of these enzymes and ahl by these bacteria is severely inhibited during growth at elevated temperatures (31.2 degrees c for e. carotovora subsp. atr ...	2005	16085860
e1 enzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in corynebacterium glutamicum: molecular analysis of the gene and phylogenetic aspects.	the e1p enzyme is an essential part of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pdhc) and catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate with concomitant acetylation of the e2p enzyme within the complex. we analyzed the corynebacterium glutamicum acee gene, encoding the e1p enzyme, and constructed and characterized an e1p-deficient mutant. sequence analysis of the c. glutamicum acee gene and adjacent regions revealed that acee is not flanked by genes encoding other enzymes of the pdhc. transcrip ...	2005	16109942
[purification and properties of recombinant erwinia carotovora l-asparaginase expressed in e.coli cells].	the method of purification erwinia carotovora recombinant l-asparaginase, expressed in e.coli, including ultrasonic disintegration of biomass, fractionation ammonium sulfate and column chromatography on cm- or sp-sepharose has been developed. according to sds-paage the enzyme preparation was homogeneous, its specific activity and yield consist respectively about 620 iu/mg of protein and 75%. physical-chemical and structural properties of recombinant erwinia carotovora l-asparaginase are similar ...	2003	16119104
comparative and evolutionary analysis of the bacterial homologous recombination systems.	homologous recombination is a housekeeping process involved in the maintenance of chromosome integrity and generation of genetic variability. although detailed biochemical studies have described the mechanism of action of its components in model organisms, there is no recent extensive assessment of this knowledge, using comparative genomics and taking advantage of available experimental data on recombination. using comparative genomics, we assessed the diversity of recombination processes among ...	2005	16132081
gene stacking in phalaenopsis orchid enhances dual tolerance to pathogen attack.	cymbidium mosaic virus (cymmv) and erwinia carotovora have been reported to cause severe damage to orchid plants. to enhance the resistance of orchids to both viral and bacterial phytopathogens, gene stacking was applied on phalaenopsis orchid by double transformation. plbs originally transformed with cymmv coat protein cdna (cp) were then re-transformed with sweet pepper ferredoxin-like protein cdna (pflp) by agrobacterium tumefaciens, to enable expression of dual (viral and bacterial) disease ...	2005	16145836
use of plant growth-promoting bacteria for biocontrol of plant diseases: principles, mechanisms of action, and future prospects.		2005	16151072
novel lectin-like bacteriocins of biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens pf-5.	bacteriocin llpa, produced by pseudomonas sp. strain bw11m1, is a peculiar antibacterial protein due to its homology to mannose-binding lectins mostly found in monocots (a. h. a. parret, g. schoofs, p. proost, and r. de mot, j. bacteriol. 185:897-908, 2003). biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens pf-5 contains two llpa-like genes, named llpa1(pf-5) and llpa2(pf-5). recombinant escherichia coli cells expressing llpa1(pf-5) or llpa2(pf-5) acquired bacteriocin activity and secreted a 31-kda prot ...	2005	16151105
cog3926 and cog5526: a tale of two new lysozyme-like protein families.	we have identified two new lysozyme-like protein families by using a combination of sequence similarity searches, domain architecture analysis, and structural predictions. first, the p5 protein from bacteriophage phi8, which belongs to cog3926 and pfam family duf847, is predicted to have a new lysozyme-like domain. this assignment is consistent with the lytic function of p5 proteins observed in several related double-stranded rna bacteriophages. domain architecture analysis reveals two lysozyme- ...	2005	16155206
inhibitor of apoptosis 2 and tak1-binding protein are components of the drosophila imd pathway.	the imd signaling cascade, similar to the mammalian tnf-receptor pathway, controls antimicrobial peptide expression in drosophila. we performed a large-scale rnai screen to identify novel components of the imd pathway in drosophila s2 cells. in all, 6713 dsrnas from an s2 cell-derived cdna library were analyzed for their effect on attacin promoter activity in response to escherichia coli. we identified seven gene products required for the attacin response in vitro, including two novel imd pathwa ...	2005	16163390
cpx signal transduction is influenced by a conserved n-terminal domain in the novel inhibitor cpxp and the periplasmic protease degp.	in escherichia coli, envelope stress can be overcome by three different envelope stress responses: the sigma(e) stress response and the bae and cpx two-component systems. the cpx envelope stress response is controlled by the sensor kinase cpxa, the response regulator cpxr, and the novel periplasmic protein cpxp. cpxp mediates feedback inhibition of the cpx pathway through a hypothetical interaction with the sensing domain of cpxa. no informative homologues of cpxp are known, and thus it is uncle ...	2005	16166523
isolation and antifungal activity of 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid from streptomyces koyangensis strain vk-a60.	an antifungal compound was isolated from the culture broth of streptomyces koyangensis strain vk-a60 using various chromatographic procedures. on the basis of the high-resolution ei-mass and 1h and 13c nmr data, the compound was identified as 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid. colletotrichum orbiculare, magnaporthe grisea, and pythium ultimum were most sensitive to 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid. strong inhibitory effects of 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid also were found against pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. car ...	2005	16190619
flavobacterium johnsoniae gliding motility genes identified by mariner mutagenesis.	cells of flavobacterium johnsoniae glide rapidly over surfaces. the mechanism of f. johnsoniae gliding motility is not known. eight gld genes required for gliding motility have been described. disruption of any of these genes results in complete loss of gliding motility, deficiency in chitin utilization, and resistance to bacteriophages that infect wild-type cells. two modified mariner transposons, himarem1 and himarem2, were constructed to allow the identification of additional motility genes. ...	2005	16199564
towards the identification of type ii secretion signals in a nonacylated variant of pullulanase from klebsiella oxytoca.	pullulanase (pula) from the gram-negative bacterium klebsiella oxytoca is a 116-kda surface-anchored lipoprotein of the isoamylase family that allows growth on branched maltodextrin polymers. pula is specifically secreted via a type ii secretion system. pelbsp-pula, a nonacylated variant of pula made by replacing the lipoprotein signal peptide (sp) with the signal peptide of pectate lyase pelb from erwinia chrysanthemi, was efficiently secreted into the medium. two 80-amino-acid regions of pula, ...	2005	16199575
helicase89b is a mot1p/btaf1 homologue that mediates an antimicrobial response in drosophila.	we have identified a novel component, helicase89b, that is required for the inducible antimicrobial response in drosophila larvae by means of a p-element insertional genetic screen. helicase89b belongs to the mot1p/btaf1 subfamily of snf2-like atpases. this subfamily can interact with tata-binding proteins, but whether the interaction leads to gene activation or repression is being debated. we found that helicase89b is required for the inducible expression of antimicrobial peptide genes but not ...	2005	16200050
hfq-dependent regulation of ompa synthesis is mediated by an antisense rna.	this paper shows that the small rna mica (previously srad) is an antisense regulator of ompa in escherichia coli. mica accumulates upon entry into stationary phase and down-regulates the level of ompa mrna. regulation of ompa (outer membrane protein a), previously attributed to hfq/mrna binding, is lost upon deletion of the mica gene, whereas overexpression of mica inhibits the synthesis of ompa. in vitro, mica binds to the ompa mrna leader. enzymatic and chemical probing was used to map the str ...	2005	16204185
salmonella enterica virulence genes are required for bacterial attachment to plant tissue.	numerous salmonella enterica food-borne illness outbreaks have been associated with contaminated vegetables, in particular sprouted seeds, and the incidence of reported contamination has steadily risen. in order to understand the physiology of s. enterica serovar newport on plants, a screen was developed to identify transposon mutants that were defective in attachment to alfalfa sprouts. twenty independent mutants from a pool of 6,000 were selected for reduced adherence to alfalfa sprouts. sixty ...	2005	16204476
production of an engineered killer peptide in nicotiana benthamiana by using a potato virus x expression system.	the decapeptide killer peptide (kp) derived from the sequence of a single-chain, anti-idiotypic antibody acting as a functional internal image of a microbicidal, broad-spectrum yeast killer toxin (kt) was shown to exert a strong microbicidal activity against human pathogens. with the aim to exploit this peptide to confer resistance to plant pathogens, we assayed its antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. synthetic kp exhibited antimicrobial activit ...	2005	16204558
evolutionary, structural and functional relationships revealed by comparative analysis of syntenic genes in rhizobiales.	comparative genomics has provided valuable insights into the nature of gene sequence variation and chromosomal organization of closely related bacterial species. however, questions about the biological significance of gene order conservation, or synteny, remain open. moreover, few comprehensive studies have been reported for rhizobial genomes.	2005	16229745
identification of quorum-sensing signal molecules and the luxri homologs in fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda.	edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterium that causes septicaemia in fish and serious damage to the aquaculture industry. the virulence factors of this pathogen and control mechanisms of the expression of virulence genes have not yet been clearly elucidated. a number of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria have a quorum-sensing system. these bacteria produce n-acyl-l-homoserine lactone (ahl) that they use them as a quorum-sensing signal molecule. in this study, we found that e. tarda isolated ...	2004	16233705