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comparative genomics and transcriptomics of trait-gene association.the order rickettsiales includes important tick-borne pathogens, from rickettsia rickettsii, which causes rocky mountain spotted fever, to anaplasma marginale, the most prevalent vector-borne pathogen of cattle. although most pathogens in this order are transmitted by arthropod vectors, little is known about the microbial determinants of transmission. a. marginale provides unique tools for studying the determinants of transmission, with multiple strain sequences available that display distinct a ...201223181781
closed trauma, mycoplasma hominis osteomyelitis, and the elusive diagnosis of good's syndrome.mycoplasma hominis septic arthritis has a well-established association with hypogammaglobulinaemia, but is rarely seen in immunocompetent hosts. an association also exists with a closed trauma and a predisposition to m hominis bone infections. in this clinical case report, a patient with m hominis osteomyelitis following a closed trauma was diagnosed using 16s ribosomal studies, and led to the diagnosis of a severe underlying immunodeficiency syndrome known as good's syndrome.201223188847
new approaches to the study of sepsis.models of sepsis have been instructive in understanding the sequence of events in animals and, to an extent, in humans with sepsis. events developing early in sepsis suggest that a hyperinflammatory state exists, accompanied by a buildup of oxidants in tissues reflective of a redox imbalance. development of immunosuppression and degraded innate and adaptive immune responses are well-established complications of sepsis. in addition, there is robust activation of the complement system, which contr ...201223208733
etiology of thrombocytosis in a general medicine population: analysis of 801 cases with emphasis on infectious causes.the clinical importance of an elevated platelet count is often overlooked, particularly as a diagnostic clue to the presence of an underlying infection. we sought to better describe the relationship between thrombocytosis and inflammatory conditions, with a focus on infectious causes.201223226175
a conjugative 38 kb plasmid is present in multiple subspecies of xylella fastidiosa.a ≈ 38kb plasmid (pxf-riv5) was present in the riv5 strain of xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex isolated from ornamental plum in southern california. the complete nucleotide sequence of pxf-riv5 is almost identical to that of pxfas01 from x. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa strain m23; the two plasmids vary at only 6 nucleotide positions. blast searches and phylogenetic analyses indicate pxf-riv5 and pxfas01 share some similarity to chromosomal and plasmid (pxf51) sequences of x. fastidiosa subsp. ...201223251694
biosurfactants in agriculture.agricultural productivity to meet growing demands of human population is a matter of great concern for all countries. use of green compounds to achieve the sustainable agriculture is the present necessity. this review highlights the enormous use of harsh surfactants in agricultural soil and agrochemical industries. biosurfactants which are reported to be produced by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi can serve as green surfactants. biosurfactants are considered to be less toxic and eco-friendly and thu ...201323280539
isolation of paenibacillus sp. and variovorax sp. strains from decaying woods and characterization of their potential for cellulose deconstruction.prospection of cellulose-degrading bacteria in natural environments allows the identification of novel cellulases and hemicellulases that could be useful in second-generation bioethanol production. in this work, cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from decaying native forest soils by enrichment on cellulose as sole carbon source. there was a predominance of gram positive isolates that belonged to the phyla proteobacteria and firmicutes. many primary isolates with cellulolytic activity were not p ...201223301200
learning from bacteriophages - advantages and limitations of phage and phage-encoded protein applications.the emergence of bacteria resistance to most of the currently available antibiotics has become a critical therapeutic problem. the bacteria causing both hospital and community-acquired infections are most often multidrug resistant. in view of the alarming level of antibiotic resistance between bacterial species and difficulties with treatment, alternative or supportive antibacterial cure has to be developed. the presented review focuses on the major characteristics of bacteriophages and phage-en ...201223305359
changes in gram negative microorganisms' resistance pattern during 4 years period in a referral teaching hospital; a surveillance study. 201223351308
optimization of acid black 172 decolorization by electrocoagulation using response surface methodology.this paper utilizes a statistical approach, the response surface optimization methodology, to determine the optimum conditions for the acid black 172 dye removal efficiency from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation. the experimental parameters investigated were initial ph: 4-10; initial dye concentration: 0-600 mg/l; applied current: 0.5-3.5 a and reaction time: 3-15 min. these parameters were changed at five levels according to the central composite design to evaluate their effects on decolor ...201223369574
blood stream infection is associated with altered heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immune responses in very low birth weight infants.sepsis in older children and adults modifies immune system function. we compared serotype-specific antibody responses to heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) in very low birth weight infants (<1500 g,vlbws) with and without blood stream infection (bsi) during their birth hospitalization.201323370608
wide screening of phage-displayed libraries identifies immune targets in planta.microbe-associated molecular patterns and virulence effectors are recognized by plants as a first step to mount a defence response against potential pathogens. this recognition involves a large family of extracellular membrane receptors and other immune proteins located in different sub-cellular compartments. we have used phage-display technology to express and select for arabidopsis proteins able to bind bacterial pathogens. to rapidly identify microbe-bound phage, we developed a monitoring met ...201323372747
isolation and identification of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria from ennore creek.the widespread problem caused due to petroleum products, is their discharge and accidental spillage in marine environment proving to be hazardous to the surroundings as well as life forms. thus remediation of these hydrocarbons by natural decontamination process is of utmost importance. bioremediation is a non-invasive and cost effective technique for the clean-up of these petroleum hydrocarbons. in this study we have investigated the ability of microorganisms present in the sediment sample to d ...201323424279
the spectrum of acute bacterial meningitis in elderly patients.we conducted a prospective, observational study in barcelona to determine the epidemiology, clinical features, and outcome of elderly patients with acute bacterial meningitis (abm) compared with younger adults.201323446215
computational mass spectrometry for small molecules.: the identification of small molecules from mass spectrometry (ms) data remains a major challenge in the interpretation of ms data. this review covers the computational aspects of identifying small molecules, from the identification of a compound searching a reference spectral library, to the structural elucidation of unknowns. in detail, we describe the basic principles and pitfalls of searching mass spectral reference libraries. determining the molecular formula of the compound can serve as a ...201323453222
randomized controlled trial to reduce bacterial colonization of surgical drains after breast and axillary operations.to determine whether bacterial colonization of drains can be reduced by local antiseptic interventions.201323518704
first total synthesis of the potent anticancer natural product dideoxypetrosynol a: preparation of the "skipped" (z)-enediyne moiety by oxidative coupling of homopropargyl phosphonium ylide.dideoxypetrosynol a is a c30 polyacetylenic alcohol with c2 symmetry. the first total synthesis of both enantiomers of the potent anti-cancer natural product (+)- and (-)-dideoxypetrosynol a is reported. the key step is an oxidative coupling of a homopropargyl phosphonium ylide to prepare the "skipped" (z)-enediyne moiety. the natural dideoxypetrosynol a was isolated as a racemic mixture as shown in structure 1. the absolute configurations of the chiral centers are established for the (+)- and ( ...200823519828
structure of the flavoprotein tryptophan 2-monooxygenase, a key enzyme in the formation of galls in plants.the flavoprotein tryptophan 2-monooxygenase catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of tryptophan to yield indole-3-acetamide. this is the initial step in the biosynthesis of the plant growth hormone indole-acetic acid by bacterial pathogens that cause crown gall and related diseases. the structure of the enzyme from pseudomonas savastanoi has been determined by x-ray diffraction methods to a resolution of 1.95 å. the overall structure of the protein shows that it has the same fold as members of ...201323521653
low level laser therapy (algainp) applied at 5j/cm2 reduces the proliferation of staphylococcus aureus mrsa in infected wounds and intact skin of rats.laser therapy is a low cost, non-invasive procedure with good healing results. doubts exist as to whether laser therapy action on microorganisms can justify research aimed at investigating its possible effects on bacteria-infected wounds.201323539003
relationship of femtosecond-picosecond dynamics to enzyme-catalyzed h-transfer.at physiological temperatures, enzymes exhibit a broad spectrum of conformations, which interchange via thermally activated dynamics. these conformations are sampled differently in different complexes of the protein and its ligands, and the dynamics of exchange between these conformers depends on the mass of the group that is moving and the length scale of the motion, as well as restrictions imposed by the globular fold of the enzymatic complex. many of these motions have been examined and their ...201323539379
comparative evaluation of the in-vitro activity of six β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations against gram negative bacilli.the extensive use of the β-lactam antibiotics in hospitals and in the community has created major resistance problems which has led to increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. the use of the β-lactamase inhibitors in combination with the β-lactam antibiotics is currently the most successful strategy used for circumventing the resistance mechanisms.201323543071
bacterial communities associated with the surfaces of fresh fruits and vegetables.fresh fruits and vegetables can harbor large and diverse populations of bacteria. however, most of the work on produce-associated bacteria has focused on a relatively small number of pathogenic bacteria and, as a result, we know far less about the overall diversity and composition of those bacterial communities found on produce and how the structure of these communities varies across produce types. moreover, we lack a comprehensive view of the potential effects of differing farming practices on ...201323544058
the surface properties of shewanella putrefaciens 200 and s. oneidensis mr-1: the effect of ph and terminal electron acceptors.we investigated the surface characteristics of two strains of shewanella sp., s. oneidensis mr-1 and s. putrefaciens 200, that were grown under aerobic conditions as well as under anaerobic conditions with trimethylamine oxide (tmao) as the electron acceptor. the investigation focused on the experimental determination of electrophoretic mobility (epm) under a range of ph and ionic strength, as well as by subsequent modeling in which shewanella cells were considered to be soft particles with wate ...201323566080
production of indole acetic acid by pseudomonas sp.: effect of coinoculation with mesorhizobium sp. cicer on nodulation and plant growth of chickpea (cicer arietinum).pseudomonas isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) and green gram (vigna radiata) were found to produce significant amount of indole acetic acid (iaa) when grown in a lb medium broth supplemented with l-tryptophan. seed bacterization of chickpea cultivar c235 with different pseudomonas isolates showed stunting effect on the development of root and shoot at 5 and 10 days of seedling growth except the strains mps79 and mps90 that showed stimulation of root growth, ...201123572992
transcriptional profile of p. syringae pv. phaseolicola nps3121 at low temperature: physiology of phytopathogenic bacteria.low temperatures play key roles in the development of most plant diseases, mainly because of their influence on the expression of various virulence factors in phytopathogenic bacteria. thus far, studies regarding this environmental parameter have focused on specific themes and little is known about phytopathogenic bacteria physiology under these conditions. to obtain a global view regarding phytopathogenic bacteria strategies in response to physiologically relevant temperature changes, we used d ...201323587016
the role of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis.development of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) requires a susceptible host, typically a premature infant or an infant with congenital heart disease, enteral feedings and bacterial colonization. although there is little doubt that microbes are critically involved in the pathogenesis of nec, the identity of specific causative pathogens remains elusive. unlike established normal adult gut microbiota, which is quite complex, uniform, and stable, early postnatal bacterial populations are simple, dive ...201323611609
columnaris disease in fish: a review with emphasis on bacterium-host interactions.flavobacterium columnare (f. columnare) is the causative agent of columnaris disease. this bacterium affects both cultured and wild freshwater fish including many susceptible commercially important fish species. f. columnare infections may result in skin lesions, fin erosion and gill necrosis, with a high degree of mortality, leading to severe economic losses. especially in the last decade, various research groups have performed studies aimed at elucidating the pathogenesis of columnaris disease ...201323617544
identification of genes and pathways related to phenol degradation in metagenomic libraries from petroleum refinery wastewater.two fosmid libraries, totaling 13,200 clones, were obtained from bioreactor sludge of petroleum refinery wastewater treatment system. the library screening based on pcr and biological activity assays revealed more than 400 positive clones for phenol degradation. from these, 100 clones were randomly selected for pyrosequencing in order to evaluate the genetic potential of the microorganisms present in wastewater treatment plant for biodegradation, focusing mainly on novel genes and pathways of ph ...201323637911
pivotal role of p450-p450 interactions in cyp3a4 allostery: the case of α-naphthoflavone.we investigated the relationship between oligomerization of cyp3a4 (cytochrome p450 3a4) and its response to anf (α-naphthoflavone), a prototypical heterotropic activator. the addition of anf resulted in over a 2-fold increase in the rate of cyp3a4-dependent debenzylation of 7-bfc [7-benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin] in hlm (human liver microsomes), but failed to produce activation in bd supersomes or baculosomes containing recombinant cyp3a4 and nadph-cpr (cytochrome p450 reductase). howev ...201323651100
secondary bacterial infections of buruli ulcer lesions before and after chemotherapy with streptomycin and rifampicin.buruli ulcer (bu), caused by mycobacterium ulcerans is a chronic necrotizing skin disease. it usually starts with a subcutaneous nodule or plaque containing large clusters of extracellular acid-fast bacilli. surrounding tissue is destroyed by the cytotoxic macrolide toxin mycolactone produced by microcolonies of m. ulcerans. skin covering the destroyed subcutaneous fat and soft tissue may eventually break down leading to the formation of large ulcers that progress, if untreated, over months and ...201323658847
halomonas sp. bs4, a biosurfactant producing halophilic bacterium isolated from solar salt works in india and their biomedical importance.halophilic bacteria were isolated from thamaraikulam solar salt works in india. after routine biosurfactant screening by various methods, the biosurfactant producing bacteria, halomonas sp bs4 was confirmed by 16 s rrna sequencing. the growth optimization of halomonas sp bs4 revealed their optimum growth at 8% nacl and 6-8 ph in the growth medium. further the partially purified biosurfactants were characterized by tlc, ftir and gc-ms analysis. gc-ms results revealed that, the partial purified bi ...201323667807
the ethnobotanical, phytochemical and mineral analyses of phragmanthera incana (klotzsch), a species of mistletoe growing on three plant hosts in south-western nigeria.mistletoe is collected wildly on various plants and phragmanthera incana is noted to grow on different plant hosts. this study was designed to carry out the ethnobotanical survey, phytochemical and mineral analyses of phragmanthera incana, a species of mistletoe growing on three plant hosts namely cocoa (theobroma cacao), kolanut (cola nitida) and bush mango (irvingia gabonensis). mistletoe samples were identified at the forestry research institute of nigeria herbarium. phragmanthera incana was ...201323675287
antiviral activity of natural products extracted from marine organisms.many epidemics have broken out over the centuries. hundreds and thousands of humans have died over a disease. available treatments for infectious diseases have always been limited. some infections are more deadly than the others, especially viral pathogens. these pathogens have continuously resisted all kinds of medical treatment, due to a need for new treatments to be developed. drugs are present in nature and are also synthesized in vitro and they help in combating diseases and restoring healt ...201123678429
fluopsin c induces oncosis of human breast adenocarcinoma cells.fluopsin c, an antibiotic isolated from pseudomonas jinanesis, has shown antitumor effects on several cancer cell lines. in the current study, the oncotic cell death induced by fluopsin c was investigated in human breast adenocarcinoma cells in vitro.201323708552
the catalytic roles of p185 and t188 and substrate-binding loop flexibility in 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/carbonyl reductase from comamonas testosteroni.3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/carbonyl reductase from comamonas testosteroni reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of androsterone with nad(+) to form androstanedione and nadh. structurally the substrate-binding loop of the residues, t188-k208, is unresolved, while binding with nad(+) causes the appearance of t188-p191 in the binary complex. this study determines the functional roles of the flexible substrate-binding loop in conformational changes and enzyme catalysis. a stopped-flow study reveal ...201323717450
characterisation of phosphate solubilising bacteria in sandy loam soil under chickpea cropping system.with the aim to explore the possible role of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (psb) in phosphorus (p) cycling in agricultural soils, we isolated psb inhabiting naturally in the sandy loam soils under chickpea cropping of patiala (punjab state). a total of 31 bacterial isolates showing solubilizing activities were isolated on pikovskaya agar plates. the potent phosphate solubilizers were selected for further characterization. these isolates were shown to belong to the genera pseudomonas and serrat ...201123729877
characterisation of phosphate solubilising bacteria in sandy loam soil under chickpea cropping system.with the aim to explore the possible role of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (psb) in phosphorus (p) cycling in agricultural soils, we isolated psb inhabiting naturally in the sandy loam soils under chickpea cropping of patiala (punjab state). a total of 31 bacterial isolates showing solubilizing activities were isolated on pikovskaya agar plates. the potent phosphate solubilizers were selected for further characterization. these isolates were shown to belong to the genera pseudomonas and serrat ...201123729877
purification and identification of trichloroethylene induced proteins from stenotrophomonas maltophilia pm102 by immuno-affinity-chromatography and maldi-tof mass spectrometry.a novel bacterial isolate capable of growth on trichloroethylene as the sole carbon source was identified as stenotrophomonas maltophilia pm102 by 16s rdna sequencing (genbank acc.no. jq797560). serum was obtained from a rabbit immunized with the total protein extracted from the pm102 isolate grown in 0.2% tce with 0.2% peptone. antibodies to the common antigens were removed by preadsorbing the serum antibody on total protein extracted from the pm102 strain grown in 0.2% peptone. western blot wi ...201323741645
evolution of rep diversity: a comparative study.repetitive extragenic palindromic elements (reps) constitute a group of bacterial genomic repeats known for their high abundance and several roles in host cells´ physiology. we analyzed the phylogenetic distribution of particular rep classes in genomic sequences of sixty-three bacterial strains belonging to the pseudomonas fluorescens species complex and ten strains of stenotrophomonas sp., in order to assess intraspecific rep diversity and to gain insight into long-term rep evolution.201323758774
postoperative differences between colonization and infection after pediatric cardiac surgery-a propensity matched analysis.the objective of this study was to identify the postoperative risk factors associated with the conversion of colonization to postoperative infection in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery.201323819455
responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to extreme desiccation and rewetting.the microbial response to summer desiccation reflects adaptation strategies, setting the stage for a large rainfall-induced soil co2 pulse upon rewetting, an important component of the ecosystem carbon budget. in three california annual grasslands, the present (dna-based) and potentially active (rna-based) soil bacterial and fungal communities were tracked over a summer season and in response to controlled rewetting of intact soil cores. phylogenetic marker genes for bacterial (16s) and fungal ( ...201323823489
genome analysis and physiological comparison of alicycliphilus denitrificans strains bc and k601(t.).the genomes of the betaproteobacteria alicycliphilus denitrificans strains bc and k601(t) have been sequenced to get insight into the physiology of the two strains. strain bc degrades benzene with chlorate as electron acceptor. the cyclohexanol-degrading denitrifying strain k601(t) is not able to use chlorate as electron acceptor, while strain bc cannot degrade cyclohexanol. the 16s rrna sequences of strains bc and k601(t) are identical and the fatty acid methyl ester patterns of the strains are ...201323825601
screening of sds-degrading bacteria from car wash wastewater and study of the alkylsulfatase enzyme activity.sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) is one of the main surfactant components in detergents and cosmetics, used in high amounts as a detergent in products such as shampoos, car wash soap and toothpaste. therefore, its bioremediation by suitable microorganisms is important. alkylsulfatase is an enzyme that hydrolyses sulfate -ester bonds to give inorganic sulfate and alcohol. the purpose of this study was to isolate sds-degrading bacteria from tehran city car wash wastewater, study bacterial alkylsulfata ...201323825734
structural and kinetic characterization of two 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerases in methylibium petroleiphilum strain pm1.methylibium petroleiphilum strain pm1 uses various petroleum products including the fuel additive methyl tert-butyl ether and straight chain and aromatic hydrocarbons as sole carbon and energy sources. it has two operons, dmpi and dmpii, that code for the enzymes in a pair of parallel meta-fission pathways. in order to understand the roles of the pathways, the 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-ot) isozyme from each pathway was characterized. tautomerase i and tautomerase ii have the lowest pairwis ...201323831510
diversity and phylogenetic analyses of bacteria from a shallow-water hydrothermal vent in milos island (greece).studies of shallow-water hydrothermal vents have been lagging behind their deep-sea counterparts. hence, the importance of these systems and their contribution to the local and regional diversity and biogeochemistry is unclear. this study analyzes the bacterial community along a transect at the shallow-water hydrothermal vent system of milos island, greece. the abundance and biomass of the prokaryotic community is comparable to areas not affected by hydrothermal activity and was, on average, 1.3 ...201323847607
culture-independent investigation of the microbiome associated with the nematode acrobeloides maximus.symbioses between metazoans and microbes are widespread and vital to many ecosystems. recent work with several nematode species has suggested that strong associations with microbial symbionts may also be common among members of this phylu. in this work we explore possible symbiosis between bacteria and the free living soil bacteriovorous nematode acrobeloides maximus.201323894287
promise for plant pest control: root-associated pseudomonads with insecticidal activities.insects are an important and probably the most challenging pest to control in agriculture, in particular when they feed on belowground parts of plants. the application of synthetic pesticides is problematic owing to side effects on the environment, concerns for public health and the rapid development of resistance. entomopathogenic bacteria, notably bacillus thuringiensis and photorhabdus/xenorhabdus species, are promising alternatives to chemical insecticides, for they are able to efficiently k ...201323914197
prevention and treatment of biofilms by hybrid- and nanotechnologies.bacteria growing as adherent biofilms are difficult to treat and frequently develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. to counter biofilms, various approaches, including prevention of bacterial surface adherence, application of device applicators, and assimilation of antimicrobials in targeted drug delivery machinery, have been utilized. these methods are also combined to achieve synergistic bacterial killing. this review discusses various multimodal technologies, presents general concepts, and ...201323946652
microarray-based identification of differentially expressed genes in intracellular brucella abortus within raw264.7 cells.brucella spp. is a species of facultative intracellular gram-negative bacteria that induces abortion and causes sterility in domesticated mammals and chronic undulant fever in humans. important determinants of brucella's virulence and potential for chronic infection include the ability to circumvent the host cell's internal surveillance system and the capability to proliferate within dedicated and non-dedicated phagocytes. hence, identifying genes necessary for intracellular survival may hold th ...201323950864
bacteriuria amongst pregnant women in the buea health district, cameroon: prevalence, predictors, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and diagnosis.bacteriuria is associated with significant maternal and foetal risks. however, its prevalence is not known in our community.201323976983
cloning and characterization of ef-tu and ef-ts from pseudomonas aeruginosa.we have cloned genes encoding elongation factors ef-tu and ef-ts from pseudomonas aeruginosa and expressed and purified the proteins to greater than 95% homogeneity. sequence analysis indicated that p. aeruginosa ef-tu and ef-ts are 84% and 55% identical to e. coli counterparts, respectively. p. aeruginosa ef-tu was active when assayed in gdp exchange assays. kinetic parameters for the interaction of ef-tu with gdp in the absence of ef-ts were observed to be k m = 33 μm, k cat (obs) = 0.003 s(-1 ...201323984384
permanent draft genome sequence of comamonas testosteroni kf-1.comamonas testosteroni kf-1 is a model organism for the elucidation of the novel biochemical degradation pathways for xenobiotic 4-sulfophenylcarboxylates (spc) formed during biodegradation of synthetic 4-sulfophenylalkane surfactants (linear alkylbenzenesulfonates, las) by bacterial communities. here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. the 6,026,527 bp long chromosome (one sequencing gap) exhibits an average g+c content of 61.79% ...201323991256
characterization of epiphytic bacterial communities from grapes, leaves, bark and soil of grapevine plants grown, and their relations.despite its importance in plant health and crop quality, the diversity of epiphytic bacteria on grape berries and other plant parts, like leaves and bark, remains poorly described, as does the role of telluric bacteria in plant colonization. in this study, we compare the bacterial community size and structure in vineyard soils, as well as on grapevine bark, leaves and berries. analyses of culturable bacteria revealed differences in the size and structure of the populations in each ecosystem. the ...201324023666
isolation and preliminary characterization of a o-nitrobenzaldehyde-degrading alcaligenes sp. nd1.this paper reports the isolation and characterization of a new o-nitrobenzaldehyde (onba)-degrading bacterium, alcaligenes sp. nd1. nd1 degraded almost all onba (100 mg l(-1)) in m9 medium within 36 hours. the key enzyme(s) involved in the initial biodegradation was a constitutively intracellular enzyme(s). this bacterium has great potential utility for bioremediation.200824031306
aerobic bacterial microflora of broad-snouted caiman (caiman latirostris) oral cavity and cloaca, originating from parque zoológico arruda câmara, paraíba, brazil.the objective of this study was to isolate and identify the aerobic bacterial microflora from the oral cavity mucosa and cloaca's samples, collected from broad-snouted caiman (caiman latirostris), born and bred in captivity at parque zoológico arruda câmara, joão pessoa, paraíba, brazil. the most common bacteria were staphylococcus sp. (14.74%), corynebacterium sp. (13.68%), escherichia coli (13.68%) and shigella sp.(11.58%), and the less common were citrobacter sp. (1.05%), klebsiella pneumonia ...200924031343
isolation and identification of profenofos degrading bacteria.an enrichment culture technique was used to isolate bacterial strains responsible for the biodegradation of profenofos in a soil from hubei province of central china. two pure bacterial cultures, named w and y, were isolated and subsequently characterized by sequencing of 16s rrna genes and biochemical tests. isolate w showed 96% similarity to the 16s rrna gene of a pseudomonas putida unlike y which showed 99% similarity to the 16s rrna gene of burkholderia gladioli. both strains grew well at ph ...200924031438
degradation of h-acid by free and immobilized cells of alcaligenes latus.alcaligenes latus, isolated from industrial effluent, was able to grow in mineral salts medium with 50 ppm (0.15 mm) of h-acid as a sole source of carbon. immobilization of alcaligenes latus in ca-alginate and polyurethane foam resulted in cells embedded in the matrices. when free cells and immobilized cells were used for biodegradation studies at concentration ranging from 100 ppm (0.3 mm) to 500 ppm (1.15 mm) degradation rate was enhanced with immobilized cells. cells immobilized in polyuretha ...201024031573
prevalence, aetiology and antibiotic resistance profiles of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated in a teaching hospital.in this paper we carried out a study about prevalence of the clinically significant coagulase negative staphylococcal (cns) isolates found in an university hospital. two hundred four cns isolates from 191 patients obtained between the period of 1998 to 2002, were studied. about 27% (52/191) of the infection cases studied were confirmed as cns-associated diseases. blood stream infection (bsi) was the most frequent cns associated-disease (25%; 13/52). the great majority of the bsi was verified in ...201124031628
hydrolytic potential of a psychrotrophic pseudomonas isolated from refrigerated raw milk.the production of extracellular hydrolases by a psychrotrophic bacterium isolated from refrigerated raw milk, and identified as a pseudomonas sp. belonging to the pseudomonas jenssenii group, was studied. this bacterium produced proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes in all media investigated (skim milk, cheese whey, casein broth, and tryptone soy broth). high levels of α-glucosidase were produced in skim milk broth. hydrolytic enzymes detected in skim milk broth are of particular concern, indicating ...201124031781
optimization of extracellular thermophilic highly alkaline lipase from thermophilic bacillus sp isolated from hotspring of arunachal pradesh, india.studies on lipase production were carried out with a bacterial strain (bacillus sp lbn 2) isolated from soil sample of hotspring of arunachal pradesh, india. the cells were cultivated in a mineral medium with maximum production at 1% groundnut oil. the optimum temperature and initial medium ph for lipase production by the organism were 50(0)c and 9.0 respectively. the molecular mass was found to be 33kda by sds page. the optimal ph and temperature for activity were 10 and 60(0)c respectively. th ...201224031801
evaluation and biochemical characterization of a distinctive pyoverdin from a pseudomonas isolated from chickpea rhizosphere.microbial siderophores confiscate the available ferric ions around the roots and trigger a reaction resulting in plant growth promotion. in our study, a high level of siderophore production was observed from a newly isolated pseudomonas sp. from the rhizosphere of chickpea plants. under an iron depleted condition in standard succinic acid medium a 1000 μgml(-1) of siderophore production was achieved. increasing the concentration of iron showed an inverse relationship between growth and sideropho ...201224031875
light based anti-infectives: ultraviolet c irradiation, photodynamic therapy, blue light, and beyond.owing to the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance, researchers are investigating alternative anti-infective strategies to which it is supposed microorganisms will be unable to develop resistance. prominent among these strategies, is a group of approaches which rely on light to deliver the killing blow. as is well known, ultraviolet light, particularly uvc (200-280 nm), is germicidal, but it has not been much developed as an anti-infective approach until recently, when it was realized that ...201324060701
functional genes to assess nitrogen cycling and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation: primers and processing matter.targeting sequencing to genes involved in key environmental processes, i.e., ecofunctional genes, provides an opportunity to sample nature's gene guilds to greater depth and help link community structure to process-level outcomes. vastly different approaches have been implemented for sequence processing and, ultimately, for taxonomic placement of these gene reads. the overall quality of next generation sequence analysis of functional genes is dependent on multiple steps and assumptions of unknow ...201324062736
bioaugmentation with petroleum-degrading consortia has a selective growth-promoting impact on crop plants germinated in diesel oil-contaminated soil.rhizoremediation is a complex type of green clean-up technology that involves both plants and the rhizosphere-associated microorganisms to decompose hazardous compounds. the success of the strategy strongly depends on plant tolerance towards the pollutant, as well as plant's interactions with the rhizospheric microbes. the microorganisms may be stimulated by the secreted root exudates, which results in an increased breakdown of contaminants in the rhizosphere. the main goal of this study was to ...201324078757
genomic and functional analyses of the 2-aminophenol catabolic pathway and partial conversion of its substrate into picolinic acid in burkholderia xenovorans lb400.2-aminophenol (2-ap) is a toxic nitrogen-containing aromatic pollutant. burkholderia xenovorans lb400 possess an amn gene cluster that encodes the 2-ap catabolic pathway. in this report, the functionality of the 2-aminophenol pathway of b. xenovorans strain lb400 was analyzed. the amnrjbacdfehg cluster located at chromosome 1 encodes the enzymes for the degradation of 2-aminophenol. the absence of haba and habb genes in lb400 genome correlates with its no growth on nitrobenzene. rt-pcr analyses ...201324124510
african mistletoes (loranthaceae); ethnopharmacology, chemistry and medicinal values: an update.mistletoes of the loranthaceae and viscaceae are hemiparasitic plants and their preparations in the form of injectable extracts, infusions, tinctures, fluid extracts or tea bags are widely used in various cultures in almost every continent to treat or manage various health problems including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory conditions, irregular menstruations, menopause, epilepsy, arthritis, cancer, etc. the medicinal values of some species of mistletoes (loranthaceae) growing in th ...201324146518
a microfluidic bioreactor with in situ sers imaging for the study of controlled flow patterns of biofilm precursor materials.a microfluidic bioreactor with an easy to fabricate nano-plasmonic surface is demonstrated for studies of biofilms and their precursor materials via surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers). the system uses a novel design to induce sheath flow confinement of a sodium citrate biofilm precursor stream against the sers imaging surface to measure spatial variations in the concentration profile. the unoptimised sers enhancement was approximately 2.5 × 10(4), thereby improving data acquisition time, ...201324172286
a treatment plant receiving waste water from multiple bulk drug manufacturers is a reservoir for highly multi-drug resistant integron-bearing bacteria.the arenas and detailed mechanisms for transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between environmental bacteria and pathogens are largely unclear. selection pressures from antibiotics in situations where environmental bacteria and human pathogens meet are expected to increase the risks for such gene transfer events. we hypothesize that waste-water treatment plants (wwtps) serving antibiotic manufacturing industries may provide such spawning grounds, given the high bacterial densities present there ...201324204801
infectious scleritis: clinical spectrum and management outcomes in india.in this retrospective case series, we studied the predisposing factors, causative organisms, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of 12 cases of culture-proven infectious scleritis. nine of 12 patients had a history of preceding trauma (surgical or accidental). past surgical history included small-incision cataract surgery (4), pterygium surgery (1), and trabeculectomy (1). six patients had multifocal scleral abscesses due to pseudomonas, klebsiella, or nocardia. only 2 patients retained useful visio ...201324212312
structural and enzymatic characterization of the phosphotriesterase ophc2 from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes.organophosphates (ops) are neurotoxic compounds for which current methods of elimination are unsatisfactory; thus bio-remediation is considered as a promising alternative. here we provide the structural and enzymatic characterization of the recently identified enzyme isolated from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes dubbed ophc2. ophc2 belongs to the metallo-β-lactamase superfamily and exhibits an unusual thermal resistance and some op degrading abilities.201324223749
antimicrobial activity of heterotrophic bacterial communities from the marine sponge erylus discophorus (astrophorida, geodiidae).heterotrophic bacteria associated with two specimens of the marine sponge erylus discophorus were screened for their capacity to produce bioactive compounds against a panel of human pathogens (staphylococcus aureus wild type and methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumanii, candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus), fish pathogen (aliivibrio fischeri) and environmentally relevant bacteria (vibrio harveyi). the sponges were collected ...201324236081
loss of competition in the outside host environment generates outbreaks of environmental opportunist pathogens.environmentally transmitted pathogens face ecological interactions (e.g., competition, predation, parasitism) in the outside-host environment and host immune system during infection. despite the ubiquitousness of environmental opportunist pathogens, traditional epidemiology focuses on obligatory pathogens incapable of environmental growth. here we ask how competitive interactions in the outside-host environment affect the dynamics of an opportunist pathogen. we present a model coupling the class ...201324244752
biological activities of various extracts and chemical composition of trigonella monantha c. a. mey. subsp. monantha grown in iran.the objective of this research was to study the biological activities of various extracts and the chemical composition of the essential oil trigonella monantha c. a. mey. subsp. monantha by gas chromatography (gc) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms), from the compounds derived from the aerial parts. the overall results of t. monantha tests allow us to conclude various extracts [hexane extract (he), methanol extract (me) and chloroform extract (ce)] of the test total phenolic, abts a ...201224250546
crystal structure of the γ-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase from pseudomonas sp. strainwbc-3, a key enzyme involved in para-nitrophenol degradation.para-nitrophenol (pnp) is a highly toxic compound with threats to mammalian health. the pnpe-encoded γ-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase catalyzes the reduction of γ-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde to maleylacetate in pseudomonas sp. strain wbc-3, playing a key role in the catabolism of pnp to krebs cycle intermediates. however, the catalyzing mechanism by pnpe has not been well understood.201324252642
utilization of oleo-chemical industry by-products for biosurfactant production.biosurfactants are the surface active compounds produced by micro-organisms. the eco-friendly and biodegradable nature of biosurfactants makes their usage more advantageous over chemical surfactants. biosurfactants encompass the properties of dropping surface tension, stabilizing emulsions, promoting foaming and are usually non- toxic and biodegradable. biosurfactants offer advantages over their synthetic counterparts in many applications ranging from environmental, food, and biomedical, cosmeti ...201324262384
commensal bacteria-dependent indole production enhances epithelial barrier function in the colon.microbiota have been shown to have a great influence on functions of intestinal epithelial cells (ecs). the role of indole as a quorum-sensing (qs) molecule mediating intercellular signals in bacteria has been well appreciated. however, it remains unknown whether indole has beneficial effects on maintaining intestinal barriers in vivo. in this study, we analyzed the effect of indole on ecs using a germ free (gf) mouse model. gf mice showed decreased expression of junctional complex molecules in ...201324278294
prevalence and antibiogram of extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producing gram negative bacilli and further molecular characterization of esbl producing escherichia coli and klebsiella spp.resistance to a wide variety of common antimicrobials has made the proliferation of extended spectrum β-lactmase (esbl) producing strains a serious global health concern that has complicated treatment strategies. the high proportion of esbl producers among the enterobacteriaceae and the complex molecular epidemiology with diverse types of esbl genes are alarming. this study was undertaken to identify esbl production in various gram negative bacilli isolated and to further characterize esbl produ ...201324298468
midgut microbial community of culex quinquefasciatus mosquito populations from india.the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus is a ubiquitous species that serves as a major vector for west nile virus and lymphatic filariasis. ingestion of bloodmeal by females triggers a series of physiological processes in the midgut and also exposes them to infection by these pathogens. the bacteria normally harbored in the midgut are known to influence physiology and can also alter the response to various pathogens. the midgut bacteria in female cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes collected over a larg ...201324312223
microbial community dynamics and effect of environmental microbial reservoirs on red-backed salamanders (plethodon cinereus).beneficial cutaneous bacteria on amphibians can protect against the lethal disease chytridiomycosis, which has devastated many amphibian species and is caused by the fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. we describe the diversity of bacteria on red-backed salamanders (plethodon cinereus) in the wild and the stability of these communities through time in captivity using culture-independent illumina 16s rrna gene sequencing. after field sampling, salamanders were housed with soil from the field o ...201324335825
microbial community dynamics and effect of environmental microbial reservoirs on red-backed salamanders (plethodon cinereus).beneficial cutaneous bacteria on amphibians can protect against the lethal disease chytridiomycosis, which has devastated many amphibian species and is caused by the fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. we describe the diversity of bacteria on red-backed salamanders (plethodon cinereus) in the wild and the stability of these communities through time in captivity using culture-independent illumina 16s rrna gene sequencing. after field sampling, salamanders were housed with soil from the field o ...201324335825
cryotolerance strategies of pseudomonads isolated from the rhizosphere of himalayan plants.the cold stress biology of psychrotrophic pseudomonas strains isolated from the rhizosphere of himalayan plants have been explored to evaluate their cryotolerance characteristcs. pseudomonas strains were examined for stress metabolites, viz., exopolysaccharide (eps) production, intracellular sugar, polyols and amino acid content, ice nucleation activity, and their freezing survival at -10 and -40°c, respectively. high freezing survival was observed for the pseudomonas strains that were grown at ...201324363982
biosynthesis of rare hexoses using microorganisms and related enzymes.rare sugars, referred to as monosaccharides and their derivatives that rarely exist in nature, can be applied in many areas ranging from foodstuffs to pharmaceutical and nutrition industry, or as starting materials for various natural products and drug candidates. unfortunately, an important factor restricting the utilization of rare sugars is their limited availability, resulting from limited synthetic methods. nowadays, microbial and enzymatic transformations have become a very powerful tool i ...201324367410
new and alternative approaches to tackling antibiotic resistance.multidrug-resistant bacteria are becoming more common and due to their multiplicity of mechanisms, they are frequently resistant to many if not all of the current antibiotics. this daunting spectre has been the target of many research efforts into conventional antibiotics and alternative approaches. this review focuses on the more recent advances in these fields with an overview on peptidomimetics, nanoparticles and their derivatives, fimh inhibitors, quorum sensing inhibition molecules, neoglyc ...201324381727
metabolic engineering of pseudomonas sp. strain vlb120 as platform biocatalyst for the production of isobutyric acid and other secondary metabolites.over the recent years the production of ehrlich pathway derived chemicals was shown in a variety of hosts such as escherichia coli, corynebacterium glutamicum, and yeast. exemplarily the production of isobutyric acid was demonstrated in escherichia coli with remarkable titers and yields. however, these examples suffer from byproduct formation due to the fermentative growth mode of the respective organism. we aim at establishing a new aerobic, chassis for the synthesis of isobutyric acid and othe ...201424397404
parallel histories of horizontal gene transfer facilitated extreme reduction of endosymbiont genomes in sap-feeding insects.bacteria confined to intracellular environments experience extensive genome reduction. in extreme cases, insect endosymbionts have evolved genomes that are so gene-poor that they blur the distinction between bacteria and endosymbiotically derived organelles such as mitochondria and plastids. to understand the host's role in this extreme gene loss, we analyzed gene content and expression in the nuclear genome of the psyllid pachypsylla venusta, a sap-feeding insect that harbors an ancient endosym ...201424398322
public health implications of contamination of franc cfa (xaf) circulating in buea (cameroon) with drug resistant pathogens.studies in different parts of the world have implicated money as a vehicle for transmission of pathogens. such information which is necessary to facilitate infection control strategies is lacking in many sub-saharan countries including cameroon. this study analyzed the franc de la communauté financiere d'afrique (franc cfa), the currency used in cameroon and other countries in the central african sub-region, as a potential vehicle for transmission of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, particularly d ...201424401290
ex situ diet influences the bacterial community associated with the skin of red-eyed tree frogs (agalychnis callidryas).amphibians support symbiotic bacterial communities on their skin that protect against a range of infectious pathogens, including the amphibian chytrid fungus. the conditions under which amphibians are maintained in captivity (e.g. diet, substrate, enrichment) in ex situ conservation programmes may affect the composition of the bacterial community. in addition, ex situ amphibian populations may support different bacterial communities in comparison to in situ populations of the same species. this ...201424416427
electronic waste - an emerging threat to the environment of urban india.electronic waste or e-waste is one of the emerging problems in developed and developing countries worldwide. it comprises of a multitude of components with valuable materials, some containing toxic substances, that can have an adverse impact on human health and the environment. previous studies show that india has generated 0.4 million tons of e-waste in 2010 which may increase to 0.5 to 0.6 million tons by 2013-2014. coupled with lack of appropriate infrastructural facilities and procedures for ...201424444377
the quest for a unified view of bacterial land colonization.exploring molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial water-to-land transition represents a critical start toward a better understanding of the functioning and stability of the terrestrial ecosystems. here, we perform comprehensive analyses based on a large variety of bacteria by integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and metagenomic data, in the quest for a unified view that elucidates genomic, evolutionary and ecological dynamics of the marine progenitors in adapting to nonaquatic environments. we ...201424451209
3d structure modeling of alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase from xanthomonas rubrilineans.alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase (ec 3.1.1.43, aeh) is a promising biocatalyst for the production of semi-synthetic β-lactam antibiotics, penicillins and cephalosporins. the aeh gene from xanthomonas rubrilineans (xraeh) was recently cloned in this laboratory. the three-dimensional structure of xraeh was simulated using the homology modeling method for rational design experiments. the analysis of the active site was performed, and its structure was specified. the key amino acid residues in the a ...201324455184
pcrg protects the two long helical oligomerization domains of pcrv, by an interaction mediated by the intramolecular coiled-coil region of pcrg.pcrv is a hydrophilic translocator of type three secretion system (ttss) and a structural component of the functional translocon. c-terminal helix of pcrv is essential for its oligomerization at the needle tip. conformational changes within pcrv regulate the effector translocation. pcrg is a cytoplasmic regulator of ttss and forms a high affinity complex with pcrv. c-terminal residues of pcrg control the effector secretion.201424460624
antibiotic resistance determinants in a pseudomonas putida strain isolated from a hospital.environmental microbes harbor an enormous pool of antibiotic and biocide resistance genes that can impact the resistance profiles of animal and human pathogens via horizontal gene transfer. pseudomonas putida strains are ubiquitous in soil and water but have been seldom isolated from humans. we have established a collection of p. putida strains isolated from in-patients in different hospitals in france. one of the isolated strains (hb3267) kills insects and is resistant to the majority of the an ...201424465371
a multidisciplinary intervention to reduce infections of esbl- and ampc-producing, gram-negative bacteria at a university hospital.in response to a considerable increase in the infections caused by esbl/ampc-producing klebsiella pneumonia in 2008, a multidisciplinary intervention, with a main focus on antimicrobial stewardship, was carried out at one university hospital. four other hospitals were used as controls. stringent guidelines for antimicrobial treatment and prophylaxis were disseminated throughout the intervention hospital; cephalosporins were restricted for prophylaxis use only, fluoroquinolones for empiric use in ...201424466106
potential for plant growth promotion by a consortium of stress-tolerant 2,4-dinitrotoluene-degrading bacteria: isolation and characterization of a military soil.the presence of explosives in soils and the interaction with drought stress and nutrient limitation are among the environmental factors that severely affect plant growth on military soils. in this study, we seek to isolate and identify the cultivable bacteria of a 2,4-dinitrotoluene (dnt) contaminated soil (ds) and an adjacent grassland soil (gs) of a military training area aiming to isolate new plant growth-promoting (pgp) and 2,4-dnt-degrading strains. metabolic profiling revealed disturbances ...201424467368
current status on biochemistry and molecular biology of microbial degradation of nicotine.bioremediation is one of the most promising methods to clean up polluted environments using highly efficient potent microbes. microbes with specific enzymes and biochemical pathways are capable of degrading the tobacco alkaloids including highly toxic heterocyclic compound, nicotine. after the metabolic conversion, these nicotinophilic microbes use nicotine as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source for their growth. various nicotine degradation pathways such as demethylation pathway in fun ...201324470788
atrazine removal from aqueous solutions using submerged biological aerated filter.atrazine is widely used in the agriculture as an herbicide. due to its high mobility, atrazine leaks into the groundwaters, surface waters, and drinking water wells. many physical and chemical methods have been suggested for removing atrazine from aquatic environments. however, these methods are very costly, have many performance problems, produce a lot of toxic intermediates which are very harmful and dangerous, and cannot completely mineralize atrazine. in this study, biodegradation of atrazin ...201324499572
a novel approach for pathogen reduction in wastewater treatment.many sewage waste treatment systems are aiming for complete pathogen removal which necessitates search for novel approaches that does not harm the environment. one such novel approach is exploring the possibilities of bacteriophages for pathogen removal. hospital wastewater was collected from different locations of tamil nadu and used for the study. the total heterotroph and total coliform population ranged from 1.6 × 105 to 8.3 × 106 per ml and from 1.2 × 103 to 1.6 × 103/ 100 ml of sample resp ...201324499588
outpatient management following intensive induction or salvage chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia.adults with newly diagnosed or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (aml) commonly receive intensive chemotherapy to achieve disease remission. in the united states and many other countries, it is standard practice that these patients remain hospitalized "preemptively" until blood count recovery, owing to the risk for overwhelming infections and bleeding during pancytopenia. this care policy requires hospitalization for an average of 3 to 4 weeks after completion of chemotherapy. however, highly effe ...201324518520
burkholderia ambifaria and b. caribensis promote growth and increase yield in grain amaranth (amaranthus cruentus and a. hypochondriacus) by improving plant nitrogen uptake.grain amaranth is an emerging crop that produces seeds having high quality protein with balanced amino-acid content. however, production is restricted by agronomic limitations that result in yields that are lower than those normally produced by cereals. in this work, the use of five different rhizobacteria were explored as a strategy to promote growth and yields in amaranthus hypochondriacus cv. nutrisol and a. cruentus cv. candil, two commercially important grain amaranth cultivars. the plants ...201424533068
microbial enhanced heavy oil recovery by the aid of inhabitant spore-forming bacteria: an insight review.crude oil is the major source of energy worldwide being exploited as a source of economy, including oman. as the price of crude oil increases and crude oil reserves collapse, exploitation of oil resources in mature reservoirs is essential for meeting future energy demands. as conventional recovery methods currently used have become less efficient for the needs, there is a continuous demand of developing a new technology which helps in the upgradation of heavy crude oil. microbial enhanced oil re ...201424550702
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