Publications

management of lyme disease.	the microbiology, transmission, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of lyme disease are reviewed. lyme disease, a tick-borne syndrome, was first described in 1975. the etiologic agent of lyme disease is borrelia burgdorferi, a slow-growing spirochete. lyme disease is the most prevalent tick-borne disease in this country; endemic areas in the united states include the northeastern, north central, and western regions. both infectious and immunologic mechan ...	1990	2180624
[epidemiology of borrelia burgdorferi infection. relation of the prevalence rate on determination by serologic procedures].	investigation of subclinical infections with borrelia burgdorferi in risk groups in switzerland, austria and southern germany showed an infection rate of 16%-27%. random samples of patients admitted to the neurological department of a hospital on the outskirts of hamburg gave the following results: in 100 sera there was in 27% a positive elisa-test, in 77 sera the ift-test was positive in 13%, and in 210 sera 6% showed a positive ift-test after absorption; the ift- and ift-abs. were compared in ...	1990	2181330
[clinical value of antibody titers to borrelia burgdorferi and titer course in neurologic disease pictures].	over a period of 3 years, antibody titres against borrelia burgdorferi in serum were determined for 492 patients with a wide spectrum of neurological diseases. using the elisa technique, we found elevated titres against borrelia burgdorferi in about 20% of these patients. cranial nerve paresis was often the leading symptom of an acute neuroborreliosis. in a number of cases the diagnosis was indicated only by an elevated igg titre in the patient's serum, or a decrease in the titre level following ...	1990	2181331
complement fixation test for the diagnosis of lyme disease.	sera from 43 patients were tested for complement-fixing antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi; these patients included 8 with confirmed lyme disease, 21 who were serologically positive but not likely to have lyme disease, and 14 who were serologically negative. seven individuals, all confirmed lyme disease patients, had complement-fixing antibodies. complement fixation may be a useful confirmatory test for lyme disease.	1990	2182679
serologic tests for lyme disease. interlaboratory variability.	the serologic test for the detection of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi is the most frequently used laboratory method for the diagnosis of lyme disease. however, the insensitivity of the assays and the interlaboratory variability are frequent problems. to determine the extent of this variability, one aliquot of serum from each of nine patients with a history of lyme disease was sent to nine reference laboratories, including national, university, state, and local hospital laboratories. a secon ...	1990	2183731
range of atrioventricular conduction disturbances in lyme borreliosis: a report of four cases and review of other published reports.	four patients with lyme borreliosis had atrioventricular conduction disturbances. all four were positive for specific antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi measured by indirect immunofluorescence tests. biopsy specimens, which were obtained in three patients, showed band-like infiltrates of plasma cells and lymphocytes in the endocardium. there was diffuse infiltration of the interstitium of the myocardium by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. in two patients single fibre necrosis was ...	1990	2183859
antimicrobial agents in lyme disease.		1990	2184157
a randomized trial of ceftriaxone versus oral penicillin for the treatment of early european lyme borreliosis.	in a prospective randomized multicenter trial for the therapy of erythema migrans, 40 patients received ceftriaxone 1 g daily for 5 days and 33 patients obtained phenoxymethylpenicillin, 1 million units 3 times daily, for 12 days. follow-up was for a mean of 10 +/- 5 months. eight oral penicillin recipients (24%) and six ceftriaxone recipients (15%) developed minor consecutive manifestations. two ceftriaxone and one penicillin recipient(s) still had elevated igg antibody titers 10 to 20 months a ...	1990	2185158
lyme disease. recognizing its many manifestations.	lyme borreliosis is a relatively new disease, so much remains to be learned about it. in this article, typical manifestations at each stage are reviewed. however, as the authors emphasize, diagnosis is still a challenge because a given patient may have from a few to all of the features discussed, stages often overlap, and characteristics come and go and may mimic other illnesses.	1990	2186395
serologic testing for lyme disease.	serologic testing for antibodies is, at present, the only practical means of diagnosing borrelia burgdorferi infection. however, specific igm spirochetal antibodies may not be at detectable concentrations in the early stage of lyme disease (within 6 weeks of onset). western blot analysis may be used to confirm indirect fluorescent antibody staining or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results, but it is laborious and expensive. false-positive reactions caused by cross-reactivity do occur. in pat ...	1990	2186396
treatment of lyme disease. best use of antibiotics.	lyme disease is a tick-borne illness caused by the spirochetal bacterium borrelia burgdorferi. recognition of the clinical manifestations and geographic range of this illness has expanded rapidly in recent years. although much remains to be explained about this infection, most patients can be treated effectively on the basis of the clinical experience gathered to date. antibiotics are the mainstay of therapy for all stages of illness. development of a vaccine and improvement in laboratory diagno ...	1990	2186397
comparison of flagellum and sonicate antigens for serological diagnosis of lyme borreliosis.	a sonicate antigen and two concentrations of a purified flagellum antigen of borrelia burgdorferi were compared for serological diagnosis of lyme borreliosis by an enzyme immunoassay (eia). generally, the higher concentration of flagellum antigen was found to be superior to the lower concentration, which was diluted eight times compared to the higher concentration. the diagnostic sensitivity for igg antibody detection increased from 13% in the sonicate eia to 31% in the best flagellum eia assay ...	1990	2186910
[lyme borreliosis. the manifestations of the disease from the internal medicine and rheumatology viewpoints].	lyme disease is an infectious syndrome transmitted by tick bites. of the multiple manifestations, cardiac and joint involvement are of primary interest for internists and rheumatologists. up to 10% of patients develop cardiac symptoms, most frequently a disturbance of atrioventricular conduction. the characteristic presentation of the disease, however, are of symptoms of arthritis in one or several large joints. this review summarizes lyme disease with emphasis on presenting symptoms important t ...	1990	2187777
[lyme borreliosis in neurology and psychiatry].	neurological manifestations of lyme disease are as multifarious as the entire spectrum of this common infection. in stage i, fibromyalgia and, more rarely, painful muscular fasciculation, dominate the clinical picture. in the individual case, mild psychic abnormalities may already be observed. characteristic of the 2nd stage is lymphocytic meningopolyneuritis. involvements of the cns are expressed not so much in focal deficits, as in diffuse psychopathological disorders. in stage 3, cns manifest ...	1990	2187778
[the laboratory diagnosis of borrelia burgdorferi infection].	the multiplicity of the clinical appearance of lyme disease makes it necessary to confirm the diagnosis by detecting the pathogen or specific antibodies. isolation of the pathogen from infected tissue or body fluids is difficult, so that, to date, only serology is feasible for routine diagnosis. in view of a lack of standardisation of borrelia serology, the clinician must expect false negative, and--even more so--false-positive, results. future laboratory diagnosis should be markedly improved by ...	1990	2187779
[morphaea profunda].	a 47-year-old woman with a solitary morphoea profunda on the flexor aspect of the left thigh is described. clinically the lesion is characterized by a circumscribed, deeply indurated sclerotic plaque. the main histopathological features were sclerotic collagen changes and a striking accumulation of inflammatory cells in the deep dermis as well as in the subcutaneous tissue. plasma cells and t- and b-lymphocytes were the predominant cellular components of the infiltrate. the patient had an elevat ...	1990	2188936
[an evaluation of different methods for making vital preparations for the detection of borrelia in ixodid ticks].	comparative assessment of suitability of darkfield microscopy of the preparation from the ticks dissected by needles in a drop of saline for evaluation of spontaneous infection rate of unfed imago ticks--vectors of lyme disease--has been made, by using ix. persulcatus and ix. ricinus collected in leningrad province as models. examination of 100 individuals by parallel exploration of the glass-covered drops and the preparations from the middle intestine of the ticks demonstrated the presence of b ...	1990	2191203
[diagnosis of lyme disease].		1990	2192136
[lyme borreliosis: underdiagnosed?--overtreated?].	lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne mediated systemic inflammatory disorder caused by a newly recognized spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. its clinical hallmark is an early expanding skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) which may be followed weeks to months later by neurological, cardiac, or joint abnormalities. symptoms may be associated with any of these systems alone or in combination. all stages of lyme borreliosis may respond to antibiotics, but treatment of early disease is the most ...	1990	2192269
characterization of the heat shock response and identification of heat shock protein antigens of borrelia burgdorferi.	the heat shock response of borrelia burgdorferi b31 cells was characterized with regard to the heat shock proteins (hsps) produced. five to seven hsps were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and fluorography of proteins from cells labeled with [35s]methionine after shifts from 33 degrees c to 37 or 40 degrees c or from 20 degrees c to 33, 37, or 40 degrees c. analysis of [35s]methionine-labeled hsps by two-dimensional electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed 12 hsps. west ...	1990	2194963
an update on the serodiagnosis of canine lyme borreliosis.	the first report of canine lyme borreliosis was published in 1984, and since that time there have been numerous reports. clinical manifestations have varied, and serology is often used to make the diagnosis. this review is designed to inform veterinary clinicians about the current serologic tests and their limitations. in endemic areas, the fact that up to 50% of the canine population can be asymptomatic, yet seropositive, suggests that positive antibody titers do not necessarily indicate the pr ...	1990	2195165
lyme disease.	lyme disease is a complex multisystem disorder recognized on six continents that is epidemic in some parts of the world during spring, summer, and fall seasons. it is an infectious disease caused by a spirochete, b. burgdorferi, which is transmitted chiefly by i. dammini and pacificus ticks in the united states and i. ricinis in europe. it is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. diagnosis i ...	1990	2195920
tick parasitism and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in cats.	ticks were removed from naturally infested cats, and serum samples from these cats were tested for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. twenty-two of 93 cats (23.7%) had one or more motile stages of ixodes dammini attached. of 2 larvae and 20 nymphs removed from cats, 1 larva and 2 nymphs were infected with b burgdorferi. spirochetes were not found in tissues of 13 female and 4 male ticks. ten of 71 serum samples analyzed by indirect fluorescent antibody staining or elisa contained antibodies to ...	1990	2196252
a clinical approach to lyme disease.	lyme disease (also known as lyme borreliosis) is an emerging, newly described infectious disease with diverse clinical manifestations. the disease is caused by the spirochetal agent borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans by the bite of certain species of ixodes ticks harboring the organism. the most readily identifiable clinical feature is the distinctive skin lesion, erythema migrans. if recently infected patients go untreated, approximately 15% will develop neurologic conditions ...	1990	2196462
the clinical challenge of lyme disease.	lyme disease is a systemic infection with protean clinical manifestations. in the past decade the disease has evolved from a medical curiosity to the most common vector-borne disease in the united states. the diverse clinical manifestations together with the lack of standardized serologic tests pose a significant diagnostic challenge for the practicing physician. the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and recommended therapy of lyme borreliosis are reviewed.	2013	2197025
lyme disease: facts & essential assessments.	this review will encompass a description, pathogenesis, nursing assessments, lab studies, and interventions related to lyme disease. contemporary research will be utilized to provide additional detail for the interested reader.	2005	2198044
[recent information on tick-borne diseases (ii)].	tick-borne encephalitis (central european encephalitis) and lyme disease (erythema chronicum migrans) are diseases mainly transmitted by ticks of the ixodus ricinus species. the tick-borne encephalitis, a virus infection, can produce severe encephalitic symptoms. there is no specific treatment but the infection can be prevented by active or passive immunization. lyme disease is caused by a spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi). due to the variety of often uncharacteristic symptoms this infection is ...	1990	2198681
lyme disease.		1990	2198926
ocular lyme disease: case report and review of the literature.	lyme disease is an emerging new spirochaetal disease in which ocular complications may arise. we have seen a 45-year-old woman who developed unilateral endophthalmitis leading to blindness during the course of this disease. ocular tissue showed the characteristic spirochete. a literature review shows that the commonest ocular manifestation of lyme disease is a mild conjunctivitis, but other symptoms may include periorbital oedema, oculomotor palsies, uveitis, papilloedema, papillitis, interstiti ...	1990	2198927
detection of borrelia burgdorferi using the polymerase chain reaction.	segments of the ospa gene of borrelia burgdorferi were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). oligonucleotide primers used in the reaction flank a 309-base-pair segment within the ospa gene. after 35 cycles of amplification, the product could be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis or dot hybridization with a 32p-labeled probe. this segment was amplified in all strains of b. burgdorferi tested, but it was not detected in other bacterial species. an additional primer pair which has ...	1990	2199482
characterization of a tick isolate of borrelia burgdorferi that possesses a major low-molecular-weight surface protein.	an unusual strain of borrelia burgdorferi (dn 127 cl 9-2) that was isolated from an ixodes pacificus tick did not react with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to ospa and ospb surface proteins, which are found in most u.s. strains. the strain exhibited an abundant protein with an apparent molecular weight of 25,000 (25k protein). a mab, 86 dn-1, that was prepared to the 25k protein was used in studies on the effect of proteases on the intact spirochetes, immune electron microscopy, and western blot ( ...	1990	2199499
evaluation of three commercial tests for lyme disease.	a commercial indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and a passive hemagglutination kit were evaluated and compared with our in-house ifa and elisa methods. both ifa methods gave identical results but were less sensitive than elisa methods. likewise, the elisa methods were comparable. the hemagglutination method gave a statistically significant difference when compared with our elisa method (p = 0.018 mcnemar test). it is recommended that the passive h ...	1990	2200637
clinical manifestations of lyme disease.		1990	2200980
lyme disease during pregnancy.		1990	2200981
neurological manifestations of lyme disease.		1990	2200982
immunology of lyme disease.	b. burgdorferi is an organism capable of modifying the immune response of its human hosts in a number of specific and nonspecific ways. an understanding of immune changes can help with diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in lyme disease.	1990	2200983
lyme disease in small animals.		1990	2200984
lyme disease in large animals.		1990	2200985
stroke in neuroborreliosis.	a 20-year-old man suffered two thalamic infarctions during the course of neuroborreliosis and was successfully treated with intravenous ceftriaxone. review of 11 additional cases of stroke and cerebral vasculitis in neuroborreliosis suggests that there is a meningovascular form of the infection with predilection for the posterior circulation and an association with the european strains of borrelia burgdorferi.	1990	2202096
interlaboratory and intralaboratory comparisons of indirect immunofluorescence assays for serodiagnosis of lyme disease.	a conventional indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and an anticomplement indirect immunofluorescence assay (acif) for detecting serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in humans were evaluated during a prevalence survey in northern california. sera obtained from 119 current or former residents of an area in which lyme disease is endemic were split and tested by the ifa in two laboratories and the acif in a third. the seropositivity rate ranged from 15 to 20% with 88 to 93% agreement among l ...	1990	2203813
[the clinical aspects of lyme disease].		1990	2204134
episcleritis, conjunctivitis, and keratitis as ocular manifestations of lyme disease.	a 35-year-old woman presented with a bilateral palpebral follicular conjunctivitis. subsequently, she developed a bilateral keratitis and, on a separate occasion, an episcleritis that was associated with a recrudescence of lyme disease and poor compliance with the antibiotic regimen. both the keratitis and episcleritis cleared completely after topical corticosteroid therapy and reinstitution of appropriate antibiotic treatment. this report emphasizes the importance of collaboration between inter ...	1990	2205817
spirochetal arthritis, including lyme disease.		1990	2206804
[lyme disease: clinical and sero-epidemiological study of borrelia burgdorferi infections in belgium].	lyme disease is a multi-systemic infection caused by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi: this bacterium, discovered in 1982 in the united states, is mainly transmitted by a tick bite, ixodes ricinus in europe. in belgium, a first seroepidemiological study of 3 years has revealed 190 patients and the whole spectrum of clinical pictures was observed, including the early stage of this infection in the skin (erythema chronicum migrans), neurological involvement and arthritis. the lyme borreliosis ...	1990	2207461
lyme disease in canada.		1990	2208343
identification of the lyme disease vector in canada.		1990	2208344
lyme disease in manitoba?		1990	2208345
penicillin-binding proteins in borrelia burgdorferi.	penicillin-binding proteins were identified in borrelia burgdorferi membranes. a 94-kilodalton penicillin-binding protein was the first to be labeled with tritiated penicillin and was the first band to disappear in a competition experiment. its binding ability was destroyed when membranes were preboiled. in addition, several of these penicillin-binding proteins comigrated with bands previously identified as surface proteins.	1990	2211530
the many faces and phases of borreliosis. i. lyme disease.	lyme disease is increasingly being reported throughout the united states and many parts of the world. borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, is a spirochete that, not unlike the treponema of syphilis, can cause a spectrum of disease from the initial skin lesion, through widely varied symptoms and signs, to chronic neurologic and arthritic disability. the borrelial spirochete and lyme disease are the subject of this review. a subsequent article will review other definite and p ...	1990	2212114
the many faces and phases of borreliosis ii.	borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, has also been associated with other cutaneous conditions. acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and lymphadenosis benigna cutis are also caused by b. burgdorferi. recent evidence links some cases of progressive facial hemiatrophy of parry-romberg, benign lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin (jessner-kanof), lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, morphea, and shulman syndrome with borreliae. this article reviews the manifestations of the diseases de ...	1990	2212138
short-tailed shrews as reservoirs of the agents of lyme disease and human babesiosis.	to determine whether short-tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) serve as reservoir hosts for the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) and the agent of human babesiosis (babesia microti), we examined nymphal ticks that had fed as larvae on shrews collected from 3 enzootic sites in coastal massachusetts for evidence of infection by either or both of these agents. xenodiagnosis indicated that 11 of 14 shrews were infected by b. burgdorferi. one of 3 piroplasm-infected shrews also infected t ...	1990	2213411
cerebral atrophy in lyme disease.		1990	2215913
borrelia burgdorferi infection of the brain: characterization of the organism and response to antibiotics and immune sera in the mouse model.	to learn more about the neurologic involvement in lyme disease, we inoculated inbred mice with the causative agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi. we cultured brains and other organs, and measured anti-b burgdorferi antibody titers. we further studied a brain isolate for its plasmid dna content and its response in vitro to immune sera and antibiotics. one strain of b burgdorferi, n40, was consistently infective for mice, and resulted in chronic infection of the bladder and spleen. sjl mic ...	1990	2215944
lyme disease.		1990	2217960
[the first results and objectives of the study of lyme disease in the ussr].	results of research on the prevalence, etiology, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, epizootology, and other aspects of lyme's disease, which was initiated in this country in 1984, are summed up. this borrelia-caused condition is now suggested to be a lead in morbidity rate among human diseases of natural nidus. the most topical, priority directions of further research are discussed.	1990	2220040
lyme borreliosis in the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mouse manifests predominantly in the joints, heart, and liver.	the authors describe the histopathologic evolution of lyme disease in severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) and normal c.b-17 and c57bl/6 mice inoculated with borrelia burgdorferi. starting on day 7 after inoculation, all scid mice infected subcutaneously in the tail with a low-passage european tick isolate of b. burgdorferi had clinical evidence of arthritis characterized by reddening and swelling of tibiotarsal joints. later on, other joints, ie, metatarsal and ulnacarpal joints were also af ...	1990	2221014
[how many peripheral facial paralyses are manifestations of lyme disease? a french multicenter study].	the diagnosis of lyme disease is easy on the basis of clinical features only when it combines migrans chronic erythema, severe root pain affecting the limbs and facial paralysis, above all when bilateral. when pain is transient and slight and when erythema and the tick bite are absent facial paralysis may be mistaken for bell's palsy. the risk is that of failing to recognise lyme disease which may subsequently manifest itself as severe neurologic complications minimally sensitive to antibiotics. ...	1990	2221718
bone scan abnormalities in a child with lyme disease.		1990	2225679
childhood lyme borreliosis in europe.	lyme borreliosis is a multisystem disorder common in childhood. it is an acute and persistent anthropozoonotic infection caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi (bb) which is transmitted by ixodes ticks. after the tick bite in summer, erythema migrans, meningoradiculoneuritis, or carditis may develop within the same season. later manifestations may be oligo-arthritis, progressive encephalomyelitis, or acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. the most common course is probably asymptomatic. con ...	1990	2226564
uveitis as a manifestation of borrelia burgdorferi infection in dogs.		1990	2228757
clinical and epizootiologic characteristics of dogs seropositive for borrelia burgdorferi in texas: 110 cases (1988).	of 2,409 canine serum samples submitted to the texas veterinary medical diagnostic laboratory between jan 1, 1988 and dec 31, 1988 and tested by immunofluorescent antibody technique for antibody to borrelia borgdorferi, 132 (5.5%) had positive results. clinical and epizootiologic characteristics of seropositive dogs from texas (n = 110) were examined. male dogs were more likely than female dogs to be seropositive for b burgdorferi. the most frequent clinical sign of disease described in seroposi ...	1990	2228777
western immunoblot and flagellum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis.	western immunoblot with a whole-cell lysate was compared with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a purified flagellum antigen of borrelia burgdorferi for serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis. the assays showed similar sensitivities and specificities in detecting immunoglobulin m and/or immunoglobulin g antibodies in sera from 68 patients with neuroborreliosis and 44 controls with meningitis and encephalitis or with multiple sclerosis. flagellum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is more easil ...	1990	2229399
motility of lyme disease spirochetes in fluids as viscous as the extracellular matrix.	when properties of extracellular fluids that might regulate the ability of the lyme disease spirochete to locomote were investigated, the rate of progression correlated with viscoelasticity. such spirochetes flexed and rotated but did not progress in relatively nonviscous fluids and migrated increasingly rapidly as the viscous characteristics of the medium increased. the viscoelastic properties of various kinds of hyaluronic acid resembled those of a methylcellulose standard. the maximum velocit ...	1990	2230247
positive lyme serology in subacute bacterial endocarditis. a study of four patients.	lyme borreliosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder caused by the tick-borne spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. clinical manifestations are protean, involving the skin, joints, peripheral and central nervous systems, and the heart. however, the presentation of lyme disease often overlaps with that of other conditions. we describe four patients from a region endemic for lyme disease who had elevated levels of antibodies reactive to b burgdorferi and whose signs and symptoms were initially attri ...	1990	2232087
[data on the epidemiology of lyme disease in bulgaria].	134 patients with clinically, epidemiologically and serologically confirmed lyme's disease have been examined. 89.5% of them had erythema chronicum migrans, 112 patients (83.6%) were known to have had tick bites. the majority of patients were white-collar workers and townspeople. hungry ticks collected from plants were shown to contain b. burgdorferi. 497 foresters and animal farmers have been serologically examined, using an indirect immunofluorescence test. antibodies to b. burgdorferi in diag ...	1990	2233527
antitumor activity of borrelia burgdorferi cultures.	cultures of b. burgdorferi, their supernatants as well as washed cells revealed in vitro a considerable antitumor activity against cells of gardner lymphoma. németh-kellner lymphoma and lp-2 plasmacytoma. in in vivo tests an inhibition of tumor growth was evident, even if the treatment was started on day 4 after implantation of the tumor. the best results were obtained with the supernatants of the cultures.	1990	2234219
chronic lyme disease with an expansive granulomatous lesion in the cerebellopontine angle.	expansive granulomatous lesions in the posterior cranial fossa are rare and have not been reported in conjunction with lyme disease. we report a patient with verified borrelia burgdorferi infection who developed a tumor in the cerebellopontine angle. rapid growth of the tumor led to signs of cerebral compression and to hydrocephalus. surgical intervention was required despite florid meningitis. the histological examination showed inflammatory, nonspecific granulation tissue. the origin of this t ...	1990	2234340
lyme disease presenting as hepatitis and jaundice in a child.		1990	2235178
protection of mice against the lyme disease agent by immunizing with recombinant ospa.	lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne illness caused by borrelia burgdorferi. the gene for outer surface protein a (ospa) from b. burgdorferi strain n40 was cloned into an expression vector and expressed in escherichia coli. c3h/hej mice actively immunized with live transformed e. coli or purified recombinant ospa protein produced antibodies to ospa and were protected from challenge with several strains of b. burgdorferi. recombinant ospa is a candidate for a vaccine for lyme borreliosis.	1990	2237407
[lyme disease in yugoslavia].	presented are results of the last five-year period study of the lyme disease in yugoslavia. on the basis of published papers and professional communications over 2500 cases of lyme disease.were detected in our country within this period. presented are common epidemiologic and clinical features of the disease and particularly cases diagnosed in belgrade. since 1987 a group of various specialists has been working on the research project in collaboration with many centres in the country. indirect i ...	1990	2238508
[lyme disease and the forms of its manifestation in bulgaria].	two cases of serologically proved cardiac form of lyme's disease are presented (for the first time in bulgaria). an a-v block iii degree was found in the first patient and an a-v block i degree in the second patient. the diagnosis is supported by epidemiologic data--endemic region, other patients with lyme's disease, insects bite, season, etc.	1990	2238623
epidemiology of lyme disease in virginia.	prior to january 1986, only one case of lyme disease was reported from virginia. in 1986-87, however, the virginia department of health observed an increase in reports of suspected lyme disease by physicians, despite the fact that ixodes dammini is not highly prevalent in the virginia tick population. twenty-eight cases of lyme disease were identified in virginia, of which eight cases occurred in 1986 and 20 in 1987. lyme disease appears to be increasing in frequency in virginia and moving south ...	1990	2240015
serologic findings in lyme disease.		1990	2240740
diagnostic tests for lyme disease.		1990	2242146
[a case of cranial polyneuropathy presenting with prominent facial diplegia, elevated serum borrelia burgdorferi antibody and lymphocytic pleocytosis].	a 54 year-old male patient developed acute cranial polyneuropathy including prominent facial diplegia and radicular++-neuritis. he was proven to have lymphocytic pleocytosis, and elevated serum borrelia burgdorferi antibody to x800 (normal; less than x200). a diagnosis of typical early neuro-borreliosis was made after these clinical and laboratory findings. this case is the first neuro-borreliosis showing the triad of neurological manifestations (meningitis, cranial neuritis, radicular++-neuriti ...	1990	2242636
[rheumatological manifestations of lyme disease in switzerland].		1990	2244097
arthralgia: a diagnostic strategy.	for arthritis or arthralgia there is no simple system for diagnostic analysis, but whether it is polyarthritis or monoarthritis, acute or chronic in onset, some general rules apply. common causes include osteoarthritis (primary and secondary) and viral infection. drugs should be considered, including those inducing gout. it is still imperative not to miss rheumatic fever, sepsis and tuberculosis in assessment. we may encounter more cases of lyme disease presenting as arthritis.	1990	2248564
[heart involvement in lyme borreliosis. case report].	lyme disease is a systemic illness with skin, neurologic, joint, and cardiac involvement. absence of typical skin lesion--erythema chronicum migrans--during the first period of disease may cause the diagnosis difficult. syncope due to complete atrioventricular block was the first symptom of disease in our patient, but no tick bite anamnestic data were available. quick changes on ekg tracing during cardiac pacing were present. echocardiography revealed left ventricular dysfunction. specific immun ...	1990	2249293
meningovascular form of neuroborreliosis: similarities between neuropathological findings in a case of lyme disease and those occurring in tertiary neurosyphilis.	recent observations have delineated the neurological manifestations of lyme disease, but, to our knowledge, no detailed neuropathological study from autopsy cases has been reported. in this report we describe the neuropathological findings in a case of lyme neuroborreliosis. the chronic meningitis, the occlusive meningovascular and secondary parenchymal changes that we found are similar to those occurring in the meningovascular form of neurosyphilis. thus, we suggest that the case described here ...	1990	2251916
[lyme disease, a new etiology of prolonged fever].		1990	2256598
[the taxonomic aspects of the transmission of the causative agent of lyme disease].	according to world literature data 17 species of ixodid ticks have been studied for natural infection with the lyme disease agent. analysis of the data on the level of the infection, transovarial and transphase transmission has shown that main biological vectors of borrelia burgdorferi are the species of the subgenus ixodes s. str. - i. ricinus, i. persulcatus (eurasia), i. dammini, i. pacificus (north america). potential vectors are i. scapularis, i. dentatus, amblyomma americanum, dermacentor ...	1990	2259524
an increased prevalence of anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in ankylosing spondylitis: fact or artefact?		1990	2259885
hla and lyme disease.		1990	2259886
lyme disease in dogs and cats.		1990	2264252
[serologic studies of the occurrence of borrelia burgdorferi in domestic animals in berlin (west)].	the prevalence of b. burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme borreliosis in humans, was determined in domestic animals living in berlin. 189 dogs, 29 cats, 224 horses and 194 cows were investigated. using the indirect immunofluorescence test (ift) 5.8% of the dogs and 24.5% of the cows investigated showed a positive reaction at titres of 1:128 or higher. horses and cats gave negative results. elisa was more sensitive than ift. 10.1% of the dogs, 16.1% of the horses and 66% of the local cows sho ...	1990	2268252
human intravenous immunoglobulin modulates monokine production in vitro.	the effects of human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use (ivig) on in vitro-induced monokine production were studied. individual peripheral blood monocytes, obtained from healthy blood donors, which produced interleukin-6 (il-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) after in vitro stimulation, were identified by cytokine-specific monoclonal antibodies (mab) and indirect immunofluorescence technique. lipopylosaccharide (lps) or borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes (bb) were used to ...	1990	2269476
[a case of multiple cerebral palsy manifesting facial paralysis and positive borrelia burgdorferi antibody].		1990	2269822
[serodiagnosis in dermatological diseases in borrelia burgdorferi infections].	185 patients with dermatological symptoms of borrelia burgdorferi infection (erythema migrans, lymphadenosis cutis benigna, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans) and morphea were examined for borrelia burgdorferi antibodies; in addition, sera from 173 patients were tested for exclusion of borrelia infection. commercially available immunofluorescence tests and enzyme immunoassays supplied by four different companies were evaluated. to investigate the specificity of these assays, sera of 34 patient ...	1990	2272826
[lyme disease].	lyme disease is a multisystem disorder caused by a tick-transmitted spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. clinical manifestations typically begin with characteristic skin lesions, erythema (chronicum) migrans. weeks to months later, some patients develop the second stage of the illness characterized by neurologic abnormalities, migratory joint pain, cardiac involvement. months to years later, in many patients the disease progresses to the third stage of manifestation such as chronic arthritis, chron ...	1990	2273565
lyme disease: neurologic and ophthalmic manifestations.	lyme disease is tick-borne infection which produces early and late manifestations in many organ systems. prominent symptoms and signs occur in skin, heart, joints and nervous system. many ocular and neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities recently have been attributed to lyme disease, but some cases have not been well established as direct sequelae. this review of the contemporary state of knowledge about lyme disease was undertaken so that more rigorous criteria can be applied in future diagnosis.	1990	2274849
[hypertension in borrelia infections].	a patient with severe hypertension caused by borrelia burgdorferi-encephalitis is reported. the patient recovered from all symptoms following treatment with high dose cefuroxime. the diagnosis was not established until lumbar puncture was performed.	1990	2275047
lyme disease: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.		1990	2276404
long-term persistence of specific t- and b-lymphocyte responses to borrelia burgdorferi following untreated neuroborreliosis.	follow-up studies on 56 patients who suffered from antibiotically untreated, acute, monophasic neuroborreliosis five to 23 years ago revealed significant positive levels of igg antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi (bb) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of 20 patients (ift, elisa, bb-specific igg western blot, bb-specific ief-igg immunoblot). nine of 10 tested patients had a definitely positive t-cell proliferative response to whole b. burgdorferi, with a mean (+/- -sem) stimulation index ...	1990	2276818
[polymerase chain reaction in the demonstration of borrelia burgdorferi dna].	borrelia burgdorferi is the etiological agent of lyme disease. certain diagnostic problems associated with lyme disease could be solved if a sensitive detection method were available for the pathogen: the polymerase chain reaction for the sensitive detection of borrelia burgdorferi is a possible candidate. the latest methods for the amplification of borrelia burgdorferi dna are discussed. in particular, a method for the amplification of a borrelia burgdorferi flagellin (41 kda antigen) gene segm ...	1990	2276912
the acute aseptic meningitis syndrome.	the acute aseptic meningitis syndrome is an entity that presents a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. although many infectious and noninfectious etiologies exist for this syndrome, viruses, especially nonpolio enteroviruses, are the classic and most important agents encountered. the incidence of polio and mumps meningitis has declined dramatically in the vaccine era, but recently described pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus and borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease agent) are now i ...	1990	2277191
[coxitis in lyme disease].		1990	2277886
infectious but nonpathogenic isolate of borrelia burgdorferi.	we document for the first time an infectious but nonarthritogenic variant of borrelia burgdorferi. strain 25015, previously isolated from an ixodes dammini larva collected in upstate new york, was infectious but failed to produce arthritis or carditis in laboratory rats and mice. by contrast, pathogenic strain n40 invariably caused arthritis. this nonarthritogenic variant, with proteins with molecular weights different from those of the standard b31 strain, was frequently isolated from normal jo ...	1990	2280000
host-dependent differences in feeding and reproduction of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae).	the frequencies with which adult ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman and corwin feed upon white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), raccoons (procyon lotor), opossums (didelphis virginiana), and domestic cats were compared in a wooded site in northeastern united states. by combining estimates of the quantity of ticks feeding on each host species with host densities, we derived the relative contribution made by each kind of host to the feeding of the tick population. to compare engorgeme ...	1990	2280395
cerebrospinal fluid immune complexes in patients exposed to borrelia burgdorferi: detection of borrelia-specific and -nonspecific complexes.	we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from 32 patients with neurological symptoms and evidence of borrelia burgdorferi infection (29 were seropositive as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 2 were cell-mediated immune positive, and 1 had been seropositive as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 9 months previously). csf immune complexes were found in 22 (69%) of 32 patients; in 18, there was sufficient sample to isolate immune complexes. by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, i ...	1990	2285261
lyme borreliosis: aspects of tick-borne borrelia burgdorferi infection from a dermatologic viewpoint.	during this decade, lyme borreliosis has emerged as an important health problem, especially in europe and in the united states, and there has been an explosive growth of knowledge about this condition. the true incidence of lxodes-borne borrelial infection is probably increasing, at least in parts of the world, but the reported increase is also partly attributable to a greater recognition and awareness of this infection. this paper reviews the basic knowledge about borrelia burgdorferi, its vect ...	1990	2285572