Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| biosecurity. reports blame animal health lab in foot-and-mouth whodunit. | 2007 | 17872418 | |
| the pathology of bovine tuberculosis: time for an audit. | 2008 | 17936047 | |
| detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in fresh and frozen cattle faeces: comparison of three methods. | the aim of this study was to compare the performance of three commonly used screening tests for cryptosporidium oocysts in fresh and frozen cattle faeces. | 2008 | 17944836 |
| fmd in surrey: epidemiological investigations 'ongoing'. | 2007 | 17966156 | |
| reduced incidence of retained fetal membranes in dairy herds supplemented with iodine, selenium and cobalt. | 2007 | 17982142 | |
| outbreak of wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever in ankole cattle. | during an outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in a herd of ankole cattle in a zoological collection, two adult cows and one adult bull from a herd of 15 died or were euthanased between july and november 2004. the clinical, gross postmortem and histological findings were typical of the disease in uk native domestic cattle. the diagnosis was confirmed by serology in two animals, and by pcr in all three; the pcr provided evidence of alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1 infection in all three animals an ... | 2007 | 18024925 |
| associations between sole ulcer, white line disease and digital dermatitis and the milk yield of 1824 dairy cows on 30 dairy cow farms in england and wales from february 2003-november 2004. | the milk yields of 1824 cows were used to investigate the effect of lesion-specific causes of lameness, based on farmer treatment and diagnosis of lame cows, on milk yield. a three-level hierarchical model of repeated test day yields within cows within herds was used to investigate the impact of lesion-specific causes of lameness (sole ulcer, white line disease, digital dermatitis and other causes) on milk yield before and after treatment compared with unaffected cows. cattle which developed sol ... | 2008 | 18031851 |
| microbiological differences between cull cattle slaughtered at an abattoir and cull cattle slaughtered on farms. | tissue samples from 27 casualty adult dairy cattle slaughtered on farms and 32 'normal' cull dairy cattle were analysed microbiologically for total viable counts (tvc), enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli o157, salmonella enterica and campylobacter species. overall the counts of enterobacteriaceae and tvc were higher in the animals slaughtered on farms, particularly in the spleen. one 'normal' animal yielded e coli o157, and one yielded campylobacter jejuni, and eight of the cattle slaughtered ... | 2007 | 18037694 |
| farm practices to control e. coli o157 in young cattle--a randomised controlled trial. | a randomised controlled trial was used to investigate the effect of three complex management intervention packages to reduce the burden of e. coli o157 in groups of young-stock on cattle farms in england and wales. all intervention farms were assigned measures to avoid buying in new animals and having direct contact or sharing water sources with other cattle. furthermore, package a (7 farms) aimed to keep a clean environment and closed groups of young-stock; package b (14 farms) aimed for improv ... | 2008 | 18073090 |
| molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidium subtypes in cattle in england. | samples of cryptosporidium spp., collected in a cross-sectional study of calves (median age 26 days) from 41 farms in cheshire, uk, underwent molecular typing. the aim was to determine naturally occurring species/genotypes and to investigate transmission pathways within a local area. of 60 positive samples, 54 were sequenced at an 18s rrna locus and 51 were typed at a gp60 locus. c. parvum was identified in 50 samples, three cases were c. bovis and one was cryptosporidium deer-like genotype. six ... | 2009 | 18083583 |
| prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidium spp. infection in young calves. | a cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidium infection in young calves. forty-one farms in a discrete, densely farmed 100 km2 area of north west england were visited over a 3-week period and 215 faecal samples were collected from young calves. farms were not selected on the basis of existing scour problems. at the time of sampling, several investigator-observed variables were recorded at the pen, animal and stool levels. samples were scr ... | 2008 | 18207328 |
| direct and indirect contacts between cattle farms in north-west england. | little is known regarding the types and frequencies of contact that exist between farms and which of these may act as pathogen transmission routes; however it is likely that farms demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in such contacts. in this cross-sectional study, we explored the direct and indirect contact types and frequencies that exist between cattle farms within a region, focusing on potential routes of pathogen transmission. the owners/managers of 56 farms located in a 10 km by 10 km st ... | 2008 | 18222555 |
| unusual manifestation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection in calves. | 2008 | 18257173 | |
| important negatives. | 2008 | 18291337 | |
| cow, farm, and herd management factors in the dry period associated with raised somatic cell counts in early lactation. | this study investigated cow characteristics, farm facilities, and herd management strategies during the dry period to examine their joint influence on somatic cell counts (scc) in early lactation. data from 52 commercial dairy farms throughout england and wales were collected over a 2-yr period. for the purpose of analysis, cows were separated into those housed for the dry period (6,419 cow-dry periods) and those at pasture (7,425 cow-dry periods). bayesian multilevel models were specified with ... | 2008 | 18349232 |
| [bovine tuberculosis--human to human transmission is possible]. | 2008 | 18370350 | |
| eimeria species in cattle on farms in england and wales. | 2008 | 18408197 | |
| longitudinal study of the molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni in cattle on dairy farms. | multilocus sequence typing (mlst), an accurate and phylogenetically robust characterization method for population studies of campylobacter, was applied to campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 297) from the fecal samples of cattle from five dairy farms in cheshire, united kingdom, collected throughout 2003. the population dynamics of the c. jejuni strains, as identified by the occurrence of sequence types and clonal complexes, demonstrated variations within and between cattle populations over time. ... | 2008 | 18424539 |
| comparison of the efficacy of cloxacillin alone and cloxacillin combined with an internal teat sealant for dry-cow therapy. | all the quarters in the cows with high somatic cell counts in 10 herds were treated at drying off with either 600 mg cloxacillin or 600 mg cloxacillin and 4 g of an internal teat sealant containing 65 per cent bismuth subnitrate. the quarters were sampled daily for bacteriological tests for the three days before drying off and twice after calving to establish whether they were infected. clinical mastitis cases were monitored from drying off until 100 days after calving. the odds of a quarter bei ... | 2008 | 18503067 |
| bvdv in british alpacas. | 2008 | 18552333 | |
| archaeology. early stonehenge pilgrims came from afar, with cattle in tow. | 2008 | 18583581 | |
| molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni populations in dairy cattle, wildlife, and the environment in a farmland area. | we describe a cross-sectional study of the molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni in a dairy farmland environment, with the aim of elucidating the dynamics of horizontal transmission of c. jejuni genotypes among sources in the area. a collection of 327 c. jejuni isolates from cattle, wildlife, and environmental sources in a 100-km(2) area of farmland in northwest england was characterized by multilocus sequence typing. a total of 91 sequence types and 18 clonal complexes were identified. ... | 2008 | 18586964 |
| use of data mining techniques to investigate disease risk classification as a proxy for compromised biosecurity of cattle herds in wales. | biosecurity is at the forefront of the fight against infectious diseases in animal populations. few research studies have attempted to identify and quantify the effectiveness of biosecurity against disease introduction or presence in cattle farms and, when done, they have relied on the collection of on-farm data. data on environmental, animal movement, demographic/husbandry systems and density disease determinants can be collated without requiring additional specific on-farm data collection acti ... | 2008 | 18601728 |
| the cattle plague in cheshire, 1865-1866. | 2001 | 18630384 | |
| survey of badger access to farm buildings and facilities in relation to contact with cattle. | thirty-six farms in parishes in western england that had recently experienced herd breakdowns of bovine tuberculosis were surveyed for signs of badger activity and for husbandry practices relating to the access of badgers to the farm buildings and facilities. signs of activity were detected within the farmyards and buildings of 14 of the farms and were associated with water troughs at pasture on two of them. few of the farmers implemented practices to reduce contact between badgers and cattle. s ... | 2008 | 18660519 |
| clinical and laboratory investigations of the outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in southern england in 2007. | a case of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) on a cattle farm in normandy, surrey, was confirmed on friday august 3, 2007, the first case in the uk since 2001. the infection was detected nearby on a second farm on august 6. on september 12, fmd was confirmed on a farm approximately 20 km from normandy in egham, and this was followed by cases on five more farms in that area in the next three weeks. the majority of the infected farms consisted of multiple beef cattle holdings in semi-urban areas. in tot ... | 2008 | 18676997 |
| government policies on bovine tb. | 2008 | 18689784 | |
| government policies on bovine tb. | 2008 | 18689787 | |
| government policies on bovine tb. | 2008 | 18689788 | |
| an exploration of the drivers to bio-security collective action among a sample of uk cattle and sheep farmers. | at present, collective action regarding bio-security among uk cattle and sheep farmers is rare. despite the occurrence of catastrophic livestock diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) and foot and mouth disease (fmd), within recent decades, there are few national or local farmer-led animal health schemes. to explore the reasons for this apparent lack of interest, we utilised a socio-psychological approach to disaggregate the cognitive, emotive and contextual factors driving bio- ... | 2008 | 18692923 |
| neospora caninum: detection in wild rabbits and investigation of co-infection with toxoplasma gondii by pcr analysis. | neospora caninum is an important pathogen of cattle causing significant economic loss. there is much current interest in wild animal reservoirs for this parasite. the role of the rabbit in this is currently unknown. dna samples from the brains of wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) collected from the malham area of the yorkshire dales were investigated by species-specific pcr for the presence of n. caninum and toxoplasma gondii. we found prevalences of n. caninum of 10.5% (6/57) and t. gondii o ... | 2008 | 18703054 |
| vaccination against bluetongue. | 2008 | 18723870 | |
| age of onset and death in inherited prion disease are heritable. | the common polymorphism at codon 129 of the prion protein gene (prnp) is known to affect prion disease susceptibility, incubation period and phenotype. mouse quantitative trait locus (qtl) studies demonstrate multiple modifiers of incubation time unlinked to prnp, suggesting the existence of homologous human prion disease modifiers, but direct evidence of these has been lacking. we investigated the correlation of age at onset and death, expressed as a composite z score, between parents and offsp ... | 2009 | 18729123 |
| government policies on bovine tb. | 2008 | 18757909 | |
| minister rules out badger culling. | 2008 | 18770909 | |
| a four year longitudinal sero-epidemiology study of neospora caninum in adult cattle from 114 cattle herds in south west england: associations with age, herd and dam-offspring pairs. | neosporosis caused by the protozoan parasite neospora caninum, is an economically important cause of abortion, stillbirth, low milk yield, reduced weight gain and premature culling in cattle. consequently, a seroepidemiological study of n. caninum antibodies was conducted in england with 29,782 samples of blood taken from 15,736 cattle from 114 herds visited on three occasions at yearly intervals. herds were categorised into lower (< 10%) and higher (> or = 10%) median herd seroprevalence. hiera ... | 2008 | 18793402 |
| spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of salmonella infection in dairy herds in england and wales. | using data from a cohort study conducted by the veterinary laboratories agency (vla), evidence of spatial clustering at distances up to 30 km was found for s. agama and s. dublin (p values of 0.001) and borderline evidence was found for spatial clustering of s. typhimurium (p=0.077). the evolution of infection status of study farms over time was modelled using a markov chain model with transition probabilities describing changes in status at each of four visits, allowing for the effect of sampli ... | 2009 | 18808727 |
| tracing the source of campylobacteriosis. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastro-enteritis in the developed world. it is thought to infect 2-3 million people a year in the us alone, at a cost to the economy in excess of us $4 billion. c. jejuni is a widespread zoonotic pathogen that is carried by animals farmed for meat and poultry. a connection with contaminated food is recognized, but c. jejuni is also commonly found in wild animals and water sources. phylogenetic studies have suggested that genotypes pathogenic ... | 2008 | 18818764 |
| risk factors for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in young cattle on english and welsh farms. | campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are the most prevalent causes of bacterial diarrhoea in most of the western world. in great britain, the source remains unknown for the majority of cases, though poultry is considered the main source of infection. molecular typing methods identify cattle as a potential source of a proportion of the non-source-attributed cases, mainly through direct contact, environmental contamination or milk, but little is known about the epidemiology of campylobacter in cattle. ... | 2009 | 18835052 |
| aerococcus urinae in bovine reproductive disease. | 2008 | 18931362 | |
| review of diagnostic laboratory submissions of adult cattle 'found dead' in england and wales in 2004. | a total of 253 submissions from adult cattle 'found dead' in england and wales were referred to the veterinary laboratories agency in 2004. carcases accounted for 54 per cent of the submissions and were of more diagnostic value than other types of sample. whether the animals were beef or dairy, their distance from the laboratory and the number of deaths in the incident affected the likelihood of samples being submitted. the probability of reaching a diagnosis was influenced by the type of sample ... | 2008 | 18978365 |
| bse, risk and the communication of uncertainty: a review of lord phillips' report from the bse inquiry (uk). | 2001 | 19068943 | |
| surveillance. november 2008. | 2009 | 19151403 | |
| a four year longitudinal sero-epidemiological study of bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1) in adult cattle in 107 unvaccinated herds in south west england. | bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1) is an important pathogen of cattle that presents with a variety of clinical signs, including the upper respiratory tract infection infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr). a seroepidemiological study of bhv-1 antibodies was conducted in england from 2002 - 2004: 29,782 blood samples were taken from 15,736 cattle from 114 herds which were visited on up to three occasions. antibody concentration was measured using a commercial elisa. farm management information wa ... | 2009 | 19183476 |
| factors influencing the presence and concentration of e. coli o157 and e. coli in farm waste on six cattle farms in north-west england. | to investigate the factors influencing the presence and burden of escherichia coli o157 in farm wastes. | 2009 | 19200325 |
| have your say on bovine tb. | 2009 | 19202181 | |
| seroprevalence and epidemiological characteristics of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis on 114 cattle farms in south west england. | between december 2002 and april 2006, 114 cattle farms in the south west of england were visited at least once, with 100 farms visited three times. a total of 29,782 serum samples were collected from 15,736 individually identified cattle. the sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the mean seroprevalence in herds sampled three times was 7.1%; 10.1% of cattle had at leas ... | 2009 | 19327856 |
| variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease: french versus british. | 2009 | 19334065 | |
| temporal patterns and risk factors for escherichia coli o157 and campylobacter spp, in young cattle. | escherichia coli o157 and campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are zoonotic pathogens originating from farm animals. cattle are the main reservoir for e. coli o157 and also contribute to human cases of campylobacteriosis through contaminated milk, direct contact, and environmental contamination. thirty groups of young cattle on 30 farms were observed for 7 months and sampled on 4 to 6 separate occasions for e. coli o157 and c. jejuni/coli to characterize shedding patterns and identify ris ... | 2009 | 19343935 |
| risk factors for increased rates of sole ulcers, white line disease, and digital dermatitis in dairy cattle from twenty-seven farms in england and wales. | claw lesion treatment records were recorded by farmers on 27 dairy farms (3,074 cows, 36,432 records) in england and wales between february 2003 and february 2004. these were combined with farm environment and management data collected using a combination of direct observations, interviews with farmers, and milk recording data. multilevel models were constructed for the 3 most frequently reported lesions related to lameness, namely, sole ulcers, white line disease, and digital dermatitis. risks ... | 2009 | 19389954 |
| verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 in animals on public amenity premises in england and wales, 1997 to 2007. | at the request of the public health authorities, 31 public amenity premises in england and wales containing animals of various species were investigated for the presence of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) o157 between 1997 and 2007, because of putative associations with human cases. vtec o157 was confirmed in one or more species on 19 (61.3 per cent) of the premises. there were significant associations between the presence of vtec o157 and the number of species sampled, the size of the ... | 2009 | 19411683 |
| establishing relative release kinetics of faecal indicator organisms from different faecal matrices. | a laboratory assay for comparative characterization of various faecal matrices with respect to faecal indicator organism (fio) release using, artificial rain water. | 2009 | 19422475 |
| drug-resistant salmonella typhimurium dt 120: use of pfge and mlva in a putative international outbreak investigation. | isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium belonging to definitive phage type (dt) 120 (salmonella typhimurium dt 120) from simultaneous outbreaks of infection in the england and denmark have been compared on the basis of antibiogram, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva). isolates from england had the resistance profile (ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline), mlva profiles 2-4-4-0-2, 2-4-5-0-2, ... | 2009 | 19432517 |
| quarter and cow risk factors associated with the occurrence of clinical mastitis in dairy cows in the united kingdom. | quarter and cow risk factors associated with the development of clinical mastitis (cm) during lactation were investigated during a 12-mo longitudinal study on 8 commercial holstein-friesian dairy farms in the southwest of england. the individual risk factors studied on 1,677 cows included assessments of udder and leg hygiene, teat-end callosity, and hyperkeratosis; body condition score; and measurements of monthly milk quality and yield. several outcome variables for cm were used for statistical ... | 2009 | 19447987 |
| prevalence of disease related prion protein in anonymous tonsil specimens in britain: cross sectional opportunistic survey. | to establish with improved accuracy the prevalence of disease related prion protein (prp(cjd)) in the population of britain and thereby guide a proportionate public health response to limit the threat of healthcare associated transmission of variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd). | 2009 | 19460798 |
| two unusual bovine spongiform encephalopathy cases detected in great britain. | bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) was first identified in great britain (gb) in 1986 and was subsequently detected in many other countries, worldwide. a decade after the start of the bovine epidemic, the first cases of new variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd) in humans were linked to probable ingestion of bse infected tissue, highlighting a new zoonotic disease. an abnormal protease-resistant protein (prp(res)) in a diseased subject, derived from a post-translational change of a normal ... | 2009 | 19497088 |
| quarter and cow risk factors associated with a somatic cell count greater than 199,000 cells per milliliter in united kingdom dairy cows. | quarter and cow risk factors associated with a somatic cell count (scc) >199,000 cells/ml at the next milk recording during lactation were investigated during a 12-mo longitudinal study on 8 commercial holstein-friesian dairy herds in southwest england, united kingdom. the individual risk factors studied on 1,677 cows included assessments of udder and leg hygiene, teat-end callosity and hyperkeratosis, body condition score (bcs), and measurements of monthly milk quality and yield. the outcome va ... | 2009 | 19528588 |
| bayesian analysis of a mastitis control plan to investigate the influence of veterinary prior beliefs on clinical interpretation. | the fundamental objective for health research is to determine whether changes should be made to clinical decisions. decisions made by veterinary surgeons in the light of new research evidence are known to be influenced by their prior beliefs, especially their initial opinions about the plausibility of possible results. in this paper, clinical trial results for a bovine mastitis control plan were evaluated within a bayesian context, to incorporate a community of prior distributions that represent ... | 2009 | 19576643 |
| vaccination of badgers against bovine tb. | 2009 | 19617617 | |
| a case of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 from a private barbecue in south east england. | the following case report describes a cluster of escherichia coli o157 cases in the united kingdom related to undercooked beef at a barbecue, resulting in an intensive care admission in france with haemolytic uraemic syndrome and highlighting the need to cook beef properly. | 2009 | 19643051 |
| statistical modeling of holding level susceptibility to infection during the 2001 foot and mouth disease epidemic in great britain. | an understanding of the factors that determine the risk of members of a susceptible population becoming infected is essential for estimating the potential for disease spread, as opposed to just focusing on transmission from an infected population. furthermore, analysis of the risk factors can reveal important characteristics of an epidemic and further develop understanding of the processes operating. | 2010 | 19647465 |
| evaluation of the cervidtb stat-pak for the detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in wild deer in great britain. | deer are acknowledged as hosts of mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb), and determining the prevalence of infection in deer species is one of the key steps in understanding the epidemiological role played by cervids in the transmission and maintenance of btb in the united kingdom. this study evaluated a rapid lateral-flow test for the detection of btb in samples from wild deer species in the united kingdom. fallow deer (dama dama), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), ... | 2009 | 19656989 |
| hepatic fascioliasis at a london hospital--the importance of recognising typical radiological features to avoid a delay in diagnosis. | hepatic fascioliasis is a zoonosis caused by the trematode fasciola hepatica, which can cause hepatobiliary disease in humans via the ingestion of contaminated water or aquatic vegetables. reported cases of human infection with f. hepatica arise in regions where cattle are raised, with particular abundance in south america and the middle east. the typical radiological appearances associated with fascioliasis are well reported and are likely to be more easily recognisable by radiologists in these ... | 2009 | 19729549 |
| idiopathic haemorrhagic diathesis diagnosed in calves across england. | 2009 | 19749206 | |
| noise levels in lairages for cattle, sheep and pigs in abattoirs in england and wales. | levels of sound intensity were measured over periods of 24 hours in 34 abattoir lairages in england and wales. the mean integrated range in 12 cattle lairages was 52 to 79 db(a), in 11 sheep lairages, 45 to 76 db(a) and in 11 pig lairages, 46 to 87 db(a). in general, the pig lairages were the noisiest, with spot peak recordings of up to 110 db(a). typically, the sound intensities in all the lairages were 10 to 20 db(a) higher during the working day than at night. in many sheep lairages, high int ... | 2009 | 19749207 |
| herd and individual animal risks associated with bovine tuberculosis skin test positivity in cattle in herds in south west england. | the aim of this study was to investigate the cattle-exposure factors associated with the risk of a bovine animal reacting to a bovine tuberculosis (btb) skin test at a whole herd test. there were 148 study farms enrolled. these were located in six counties of the south west of england in an area considered endemic for bovine tuberculosis (btb): 24% were restocked after foot and mouth disease (fmd) in 2001; all farms were located within the randomised badger culling trial (rbct) area. data on cat ... | 2009 | 19758717 |
| temporal and farm-management-associated variation in the faecal-pat prevalence of campylobacter jejuni in ruminants. | in a 2-year longitudinal study of adult animals on 15 dairy farms and four sheep farms in lancashire, uk. c. jejuni was isolated from all farms, although not on every occasion. faecal samples were collected and cultured using standard techniques for isolation of campylobacter. assignment to species was via pcr assays. peak prevalence of c. jejuni in both cattle and sheep was observed during the summer and in cattle this apparent seasonality was associated with grazing pasture [odds ratio (or) 2. ... | 2010 | 19845998 |
| changes to the bovine tb surveillance and control programme in england. | 2009 | 19850859 | |
| estimating the risk of cattle exposure to tuberculosis posed by wild deer relative to badgers in england and wales. | wild deer populations in great britain are expanding in range and probably in numbers, and relatively high prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (btb, caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis) in deer occurs locally in parts of southwest england. to evaluate the m. bovis exposure risk posed to cattle by wild deer relative to badgers in england and wales, we constructed and parameterized a quantitative risk model with the use of information from the literature (on deer densities, activity pattern ... | 2009 | 19901384 |
| aggregation in insect communities colonizing cattle-dung. | ruminant dung is a highly ephemeral, patchily distributed resource, which is used by a diverse community of invertebrate species. in such environments, high levels of insect aggregation may be important in facilitating stability and coexistence across patchily distributed populations. the aim of the present work was to quantify the aggregation of the insects colonising cow-dung in cattle pasture in southwest england and to test the hypothesis that the dung-pat community assemblage observed was t ... | 2010 | 20003575 |
| continued diagnosis of idiopathic haemorrhagic diathesis in calves. | 2009 | 20008342 | |
| "little, if at all, removed from the illiterate farrier or cow-leech": the english veterinary surgeon, c.1860-1885, and the campaign for veterinary reform. | 2010 | 20046263 | |
| surveillance: parasitic and tickborne diseases in cattle and sheep in england. | 2010 | 20081176 | |
| investigation of farms linked to human patients with cryptosporidiosis in england and wales. | the study investigates farms suspected of being sources of zoonotic human cryptosporidiosis. a variety of implicated farm animal species were sampled and tested to detect cryptosporidium oocysts and investigate genetic linkage with human patients. risk factor information was collected from each farm and analysed by multivariable logistic regression to detect significant associations between factors and cryptosporidium in animals. the results showed that average sample prevalence of cryptosporidi ... | 2010 | 20096944 |
| [doctor brown-sequard's therapy]. | pioneer in the field of hormone therapy, charles-edward brown-séquard (1817-1894) tried to stop the effects of aging on his contemporaries by injecting animal testicle extracts. his therapy was very popular in the last years of the 19th century. he even had followers in the following century, amongst whom serge voronoff (1866-1951), who grafted monkey testicles in replacement of human ones, or paul niehans (1882-1971) who practiced therapy using calf embryo cells in switzerland. | 2010 | 20167305 |
| assessment of lameness prevalence and associated risk factors in dairy herds in england and wales. | visits were made to 205 dairy farms in england and wales between october 2006 and may 2007 by 1 or more of 4 researchers. at each visit, all milking cows were locomotion scored (lameness scored) using a 4-point scale (0=sound locomotion, 1=imperfect locomotion, 2=lame, 3=severely lame). the mean prevalence of lameness (scores 2 and 3) across the study farms was 36.8% (range=0-79.2%). on each farm, the presence within the housing and grazing environments of commonly reported risks for increased l ... | 2010 | 20172213 |
| the spread of bluetongue virus serotype 8 in great britain and its control by vaccination. | bluetongue (bt) is a viral disease of ruminants transmitted by culicoides biting midges and has the ability to spread rapidly over large distances. in the summer of 2006, btv serotype 8 (btv-8) emerged for the first time in northern europe, resulting in over 2000 infected farms by the end of the year. the virus subsequently overwintered and has since spread across much of europe, causing tens of thousands of livestock deaths. in august 2007, btv-8 reached great britain (gb), threatening the larg ... | 2010 | 20179768 |
| evils of the modern british diet. 1910. | 2010 | 20198934 | |
| the development of linear regression models using environmental variables to explain the spatial distribution of fasciola hepatica infection in dairy herds in england and wales. | fasciolosis caused by fasciola hepatica is a major cause of economic loss to the agricultural community worldwide as a result of morbidity and mortality in livestock. spatial models developed with the aid of geographic information systems (gis) can be used to develop risk maps for fasciolosis for use in the formulation of disease control programmes. here we investigate the spatial epidemiology of f. hepatica in dairy herds in england and wales and develop linear regression models to explain obse ... | 2010 | 20227416 |
| risk factors for herd breakdown with bovine tuberculosis in 148 cattle herds in the south west of england. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is caused by mycobacterium bovis. the disease has a long latent period, heterogenous spread, can infect many species and can persist in the environment. in the uk, the rate of herd breakdowns (hbd) with btb is increasing. a retrospective cohort study of 148 cattle herds was set up to investigate risk factors for hbd from october 2001 to november 2004. herds were selected from farms located in the randomised badger culling trial (rbct) and comprised holdings (24%) that w ... | 2010 | 20399521 |
| sampling strategies for monitoring lameness in dairy cattle. | evaluating the prevalence of lameness within herds of dairy cattle is important for management and certification purposes; however, sampling strategies that could reduce the time taken for an assessment would be valuable. the prevalence of lame and severely lame cows on 224 united kingdom dairy farms was available for analysis. presence of more than 1 severely lame cow on a farm was a useful indication of a lameness problem. the vast majority (80%) of the 182 farms that had > or = 1 severely lam ... | 2010 | 20412910 |
| seroprevalence and spatial distribution of fasciola hepatica-infected dairy herds in england and wales. | the seroprevalence of fasciola hepatica infection in a population of commercial dairy herds in england and wales was estimated using an elisa that detected antibodies to f hepatica in bulk tank milk. a total of 3130 milk samples, obtained as convenience samples from two commercial milk-testing laboratories, were tested during the winter of 2006/07. herds considered to be seropositive were categorised as low positive, medium positive or high positive. a geospatial map was drawn to show the distri ... | 2010 | 20472872 |
| [much news on the prion front]. | 2010 | 20521593 | |
| somatic cell count dynamics in a large sample of dairy herds in england and wales. | an essential reason to record and evaluate patterns of cow somatic cell count (scc) within a dairy herd is to help in making clinical decisions on the control of mastitis. an understanding of when new infections occur and how patterns of infection influence herd bulk milk somatic cell count (bmscc) are critical when implementing mastitis control because it enables advisors to target specific problem areas. the objective of this research was to evaluate individual cow scc patterns in terms of the ... | 2010 | 20627342 |
| cattle, weather and water: mapping escherichia coli o157:h7 infections in humans in england and scotland. | entero-haemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 is a zoonotic pathogen, responsible for a relatively small number of food poisoning and illness outbreaks each year, when compared with other food-borne bacteria capable of causing infections in the population. nevertheless, e. coli o157:h7 is a bacterial pathogen associated with severe human illnesses including bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic uremic syndrome occurring in both outbreak and sporadic settings. in england and wales approximately 1% of al ... | 2010 | 20642796 |
| high incidence of liver fluke in cattle herds in england and wales. | 2010 | 20643883 | |
| bluetongue virus serotype 8-associated hydranencephaly in two calves in south-eastern england. | 2010 | 20693506 | |
| fostering integrated learning and clinical professionalism using contextualized simulation in a small-group role-play. | teaching and learning in a clinical setting is important in veterinary and medical training but presents many challenges, including providing enough hands-on experience while not putting patients (animal or human) at risk. some of the issues have been addressed with the introduction of clinical skills laboratories and communication skills training using role play. however, in both instances skills are learned in isolation, whereas the real task requires the integration of many skills including t ... | 2010 | 20847333 |
| bovine jugular vein valved conduit: up to 10 years follow-up. | the present study evaluated the mortality and conduit failure in bovine jugular vein (bjv) conduits. | 2010 | 20884023 |
| large-scale immunohistochemical examination for lymphoreticular prion protein in tonsil specimens collected in britain. | there have been 173 cases of variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd) in the uk, as of 5 july 2010, as a result of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic. the number of individuals subclinically infected with vcjd, and thus the eventual number of cases, remains, however, uncertain. in an attempt to address this problem, 63,007 tonsil tissue specimens were previously tested by enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the presence of disease-related prion protein (prp(res)) and found to be negative. to ... | 2010 | 20922767 |
| bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination reduces the severity and progression of tuberculosis in badgers. | control of bovine tuberculosis (tb) in cattle has proven particularly challenging where reservoirs of infection exist in wildlife populations. in britain and ireland, control is hampered by a reservoir of infection in eurasian badgers (meles meles). badger culling has positive and negative effects on bovine tb in cattle and is difficult, costly and controversial. here we show that bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccination of captive badgers reduced the progression, severity and excretion of myc ... | 2010 | 21123260 |
| memsahibs and health in colonial medical writings, c. 1840 to c. 1930. | medical literature in colonial india, written mainly for the guidance of colonial personnel, became an important tool for dissemination of western medical knowledge and information but also reinforced wider colonial agendas. focused mainly on men's health, only few books or sections in this genre of literature addressed white middle class women's health issues. this article examines several medical manuals within the wider parameters of race, class, gender and imperialism, seeking to understand ... | 2010 | 21128370 |
| molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of campylobacter jejuni in ruminants. | summarymulti-locus sequence typing was performed on 1003 campylobacter jejuni isolates collected in a 2-year longitudinal study of 15 dairy farms and four sheep farms in lancashire, uk. there was considerable farm-level variation in occurrence and prevalence of clonal complexes (cc). clonal complexes st61, st21, st403 and st45 were most prevalent in cattle while in sheep cc st42, st21, st48 and st52 were most prevalent. cc st45, a complex previously shown to be more common in summer months in hu ... | 2010 | 21134320 |
| zoonotic cryptosporidiosis from petting farms, england and wales, 1992-2009. | 2011 | 21192888 | |
| comparison of arcobacter isolation methods, and diversity of arcobacter spp. in cheshire, united kingdom. | the aims of this study were, firstly, to compare five published methods for the isolation of arcobacter spp. from animal feces in order to determine the most sensitive and specific method. second, we analyzed the resulting isolates by multilocus sequence typing (mlst) in order to investigate the diversity of the isolates recovered. third, we investigated the ability to recover arcobacter spp. from frozen fecal samples. seventy-seven fecal samples from cattle, sheep, and badgers were subjected to ... | 2010 | 21193675 |
| trends in bovine viral diarrhoea in scottish cattle. | review of bovine viral diarrhoea virus-related disease, 1996 to 2009. diverse range of respiratory diseases diagnosed in cattle. caseous lymphadenitis confirmed in a suffolk ram lamb aged only four months. extramedullary haematopoiesis of unknown cause in a pig. coccidiosis diagnosed frequently in pheasants and partridges. these are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for july from sac consulting: veterinary services (sac c vs). | 2010 | 21257395 |
| fasciolosis prevalent among cattle in england and wales. | 2010 | 21257462 | |
| cryptosporidium species in calves submitted for postmortem examination in england and wales. | 2010 | 21262716 | |
| a novel field-based approach to validate the use of network models for disease spread between dairy herds. | summarythe introduction of a centralized system for recording cattle movements in the uk has provided a framework for network-based models for disease spread. however, there are many types of non-reportable contacts between farms which may play a role in disease spread. the lack of real pathogen data with which to test network models makes it difficult to assess whether reported data adequately captures the risk-potential network between farms and improves the accuracy of disease forecasts. a no ... | 2011 | 21320373 |
| evaluating an automated haptic simulator designed for veterinary students to learn bovine rectal palpation. | simulators provide a potential solution to some of the challenges faced when teaching internal examinations to medical or veterinary students. a virtual reality simulator, the haptic cow, has been developed to teach bovine rectal palpation to veterinary students, and significant training benefits have been demonstrated. however, the training needs to be delivered by an instructor, a requirement that limits availability. this article describes the development and evaluation of an automated versio ... | 2010 | 21330807 |